View source for Nimrin

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{{About||the biblical city of Nimrin in Transjordan|Beth-nimrah}}
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{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Nimrin
| native_name             = <big>نمرين</big>
| native_name_lang        = ar
| settlement_type         = 
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
| imagesize               = 250
| etymology               = well-watered<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/132/mode/1up 132]</ref>
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| pushpin_map             = Mandatory Palestine | pushpin_map_caption     = Location within [[Mandatory Palestine]] | image_map               = {{Historical map series|default=2|date1=1870s|date2=1940s|date3=modern|date4=1940s with modern overlay|width=225}} | map_caption             = A series of historical maps of the area around Nimrin (click the buttons)
| pushpin_mapsize         = 200
| coordinates             = {{coord|32|48|15|N|35|25|24|E|type:city_region:PS|display=inline,title}}
| grid_name               = [[Palestine grid|Palestine&nbsp;grid]]
| grid_position           = 190/245
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type        = [[Geopolitical entity]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Mandatory Palestine]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Districts of Mandatory Palestine|Subdistrict]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Tiberias Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine|Tiberias]]
<!-- established -->
| established_title1      = Date of depopulation
| established_date1       = 16-17 July 1948<ref>Morris, 2004, p.  [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR17  xvii], village #95, also causes of depopulation, with a "?"</ref>
| established_title2      = Repopulated dates
<!-- area -->
| area_footnotes          = <ref name=Hadawi72/>
| unit_pref               = dunam
| area_total_dunam        = 12,019
<!-- population -->
| population_as_of        = 1945
| population_total        = 320<ref name=1945p12>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p12.jpg  12]</ref><ref name=Hadawi72>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p.  [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Tiberias/Page-072.jpg 72]</ref>
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank_name_sec1         = Cause(s) of depopulation
| blank_info_sec1         = Fear of being caught up in the fighting
| blank1_name_sec1        = Secondary cause
| blank1_info_sec1        = Military assault by [[Yishuv]] forces
| blank3_name_sec1        = Current Localities
| blank3_info_sec1        = Achuzzat Naftali, IDF ammunition depot
}}
'''Nimrin''' was a [[Palestinian people|Palestinian Arab]] town of 320 that was captured and depopulated by [[Israel]] during the [[1948 Arab-Israeli War]].

==History==
Nimrin stood on the site of Kfar Nimra when [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] was ruled by the [[Roman Empire]].<ref name="Khalidi">Khalidi, 1992, p.535</ref> Its inhabitants were [[Jew]]s when [[Saint Peter]] and [[James, son of Zebedee|Saint James]] visited the town in 30 CE.<ref>Murray, 1997, p.165.</ref>

===Ottoman era===
Nimrin was incorporated into the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the early sixteenth century CE, and by the 1596 [[Defter|tax records]] the village was under the administration of the ''[[nahiya]]'' ("subdistrict") of [[Tiberias]], part of  [[Safad Sanjak]]. It had a population of 20 households, an estimated  110 persons, all [[Muslim]]. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on agricultural products, such as  on wheat barley, wheat, olives, beehives, and goats; a total of 3,920 [[akçe]]. 1/3 of the revenue went to a [[waqf]].<ref>Hütteroth and  Abdulfattah, 1977,  p. 189. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 535</ref><ref>Note that Rhode, 1979, p. [https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century 6] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420031504/https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century |date=2019-04-20 }} writes that  the register that  Hütteroth and  Abdulfattah  studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9</ref>

A map from [[French campaign in Egypt and Syria|Napoleon's invasion of 1799]] by [[Pierre Jacotin]]  showed the place, named as ''Nemen''.<ref>Karmon, 1960, p. [http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf 166] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222063351/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf |date=2019-12-22 }}.</ref>

In the nineteenth century, Nimrin grew to become a stone-built village of 250 [[Muslim]] people. It was described as being built on the slope of a hill, surrounded by arable land.<ref name=SWP361>Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/361/mode/1up 361]. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 535</ref> The Ottomans founded an elementary school in the village.<ref name="Khalidi"/>

A population list from about 1887 showed  Nimrin to have  about  300  inhabitants;  all Muslims.<ref>Schumacher, 1888, p. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme19pale#page/n210/mode/1up  185]</ref>   
===British Mandate era===
In 1922, Nimrin became a part of the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate of Palestine]] and in the [[1922 census of Palestine]],   ''Nemrin'' had a  population of 273; all Muslims,<ref name="Census1922">Barron, 1923,  Table XI, Sub-district of  Tiberias, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n41/mode/1up  39]</ref> increasing in the [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]] to 316, still all Muslims, in  a total of 71 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills,  1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 84]</ref>

The main economic sectors were farming and livestock, with grain being the most important crop, followed by vegetables. The Ottoman school was closed down during this period.<ref name="Khalidi"/>

In  the [[Village Statistics, 1945|1945 statistics]]  the population consisted of 320 Muslims,<ref name=1945p12/>  and the total land area was  12,019 dunams.<ref name=Hadawi72/>  Of this,  Arabs used 7,905 dunams for cereals, 335 for plantations and irrigable land,<ref name=Hadawi123>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Tiberias/Page-123.jpg 123]</ref> while 64 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) area.<ref name=Hadawi173>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in  Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Tiberias/Page-173.jpg 173]</ref>

===1948 war, and aftermath===
During the [[1948 Arab-Israeli War]], Nimrin fell into [[Israel]]i hands on July 17, 1948, after nearby [[Lubya]] was captured at the end of [[Operation Dekel]]. Its entire population of 320 (1945) fled for unclear reasons. According to [[Walid Khalidi]], "the site and a major part of the lands are surrounded by a fence."<ref name="Khalidi"/>

==See also==
*[[Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel]]

==References==
{{reflist|25em}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book  
| editor =Barron, J.B.  
| title =Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 
 | url =https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922  
| publisher =Government of Palestine  
| year =1923  }}
*{{cite book
|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder
|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener
|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft
|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology
|location=London
|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]
|volume=1}}
*{{cite book
|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945
|url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945}}  
*{{cite book
|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html
|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi
|year=1970
|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}} 
*{{cite book 
|last1=Hütteroth |first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth
 |last2=Abdulfattah|first2=K. |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah 
|title=Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century 
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ 
|year=1977 |publisher=Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft 
|isbn=3-920405-41-2 }}
*{{cite journal|author = Karmon, Y.|title = An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine|url = http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf|journal = Israel Exploration Journal|volume = 10|issue = 3,4|year = 1960|pages = 155–173; 244–253|access-date = 2015-04-20|archive-date = 2019-12-22|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191222063351/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf|url-status = dead}} 
*{{cite book
|title=All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_By7AAAAIAAJ
|first=W.|last=Khalidi|author-link=Walid Khalidi
|year=1992
|location=[[Washington D.C.]]|publisher=[[Institute for Palestine Studies]]|isbn=0-88728-224-5}}  
*{{cite book 
| editor = Mills, E. 
| title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas | url = https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932 }}  
*{{cite book 
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C 
|first=B. |last=Morris |author-link=Benny Morris 
|year=2004 |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited |isbn=978-0-521-00967-6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}
*{{cite book|title=The Amazing Spread of Christianity|first1=Lawrence|last1=Murray |year=1997|publisher=St. Jude Press|isbn=0-9722149-2-5}}
*{{cite book
|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer
|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer
|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}} 
*{{cite book
|last=Rhode|first=H.|author-link=Harold Rhode
|date=1979
|url=https://www.academia.edu/2026845
|title=Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century|publisher=[[Columbia University]]|access-date=2017-11-03|archive-date=2020-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301141739/https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite journal 
| last = Schumacher | first = G. | author-link = Gottlieb Schumacher 
| title = Population list of the Liwa of Akka 
| journal = Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund | volume = 20 | pages = 169–191 
| url = https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale | year = 1888 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[http://www.palestineremembered.com/Tiberias/Nimrin/index.html Welcome to Nimrin]
*[http://www.zochrot.org/en/village/49300 Nimrin],  [[Zochrot]]
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 6: [https://web.archive.org/web/20150627182059/http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8369  IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.06.jpg Wikimedia commons] 
*[http://www.alnakba.org/villages/tiberias/nimrin.htm Nimrin], from the [[Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center]]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20051025120731/http://www.jalili48.com/pub/EN_ShowGallary.asp?GName=What_Remained_of_the_destroyed&SuName=Nimrin Nimrin photos]}},  from Dr. Moslih Kanaaneh

{{Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War}}

[[Category:Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War]]
[[Category:District of Tiberias]]