View source for Nine mountain schools

{{Short description|Korean Seon Buddhist monasteries}}
{{More sources needed|date=December 2009}}
{{Zen Buddhism}}
{{Korean Buddhism}}
[[file:Myeongjeok Doui.jpg|thumb|Doui, a student of Zhizang and Baizhang who established the Gaji san school (迦智山) at [[Borimsa]].]]
The '''nine mountain schools''' (九山; or ''gusan'') were the initial [[Monastery|monasteries]] of the [[Korean Buddhism|Korean]] branch of [[Buddhism]] called [[Korean Seon|Seon]], founded in the [[Silla|Unified Silla period]] in the 8th or 9th century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Seonjong Gusan [9 Holy Zen-sect Buddhist Mountains]|url=http://san-shin.net/Sacred-Mtns-GusanSeonmun.html}}</ref>

The initial transmission of Seon into Korea is usually attributed to [[Beomnang]] (法朗; fl. 632–646), said to be a student of the Chinese master [[Daoxin]] (道信; 580–651). Seon was later popularized especially by [[Sinhaeng]] (神行; 704–779) in the latter part of the eighth century and by {{ill|Wŏnjŏk Toŭi|lt=Doui|pl|Wŏnjŏk Toŭi|ko|도의}} (道義; d. 825) at the beginning of the ninth century. From then on, many Koreans studied [[Zen|Chan]] in China and, upon their return, established their own schools at various mountain monasteries with their leading disciples.

The number of these schools was initially fixed to nine, whence the name derives. Eight of these schools were of the lineage of [[Mazu Daoyi]] (馬祖道一; 709–788), as they were established through connection with either him or one of his eminent disciples:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Korean Buddhism Orders and Sects|url=http://koreantempleguide.com/korean-buddhism-orders-and-sects/}}</ref>

# The [[Gaji san]] school (迦智山), established at [[Borimsa]] (寶林寺) under the influence of Doui and his grand-student Chejing (體澄; 804–890). Doui studied in China under [[Zhizang]] (735-814) and [[Baizhang]] (百丈; 749–814).
# The [[Seongju san]] school (聖住山), established by [[Muyeom]] (無染; 800–888) who received his [[Inga (seal of approval)|inga]] from [[Magu Baozhe]] (麻谷寶徹; b. 720?).
# The [[Silsangsan]] school (實相山), founded by [[Hongcheok]] (洪陟; fl. 830), who also studied under Zhizang.
# The [[Huiyang san]] school (曦陽山), founded by Beomnang and [[Chiseon Doheon]] (智詵道憲; 824–882), who was taught by a Korean teacher of the Mazu transmission.
# The [[Bongnim san]] school (鳳林山), established by [[Weongam]] (圓鑑; 787-869) and his student Simhui (審希; fl. 9c). Weongam was a student of [[Zhangjing Huaihui]] (章敬懷暉; 748–835).
# The [[Dongni san]] school (桐裡山), established by [[Hyejeol]] (慧徹; 785–861) who was a student of Zhizang.
# The [[Sagul san]] school (闍崛山), established by [[Beom'il]] (梵日; 810–889), who studied in China with [[Yanguan Qian]] (鹽官齊安; 750?-842) and [[Yuesha Weiyan]] (樂山惟嚴).
# The [[Saja san]] school (獅子山), established by [[Doyun]] (道允; 797-868), who studied under [[Nanquan Puyan]] (南泉普願; 748–835).

The ninth of these initial schools was the [[Sumi san]] (須彌山) school founded by [[Ieom]] (利嚴; 869–936), which had developed from the [[Caodong]] (曹洞) lineage.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nine Mountain Schools}}
[[Category:Korean Seon]]
[[Category:History of Buddhism in Korea]]
[[Category:Buddhist monasteries]]


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