View source for Niohuru

{{Short description|Manchu clan of the Bordered Yellow Banner}}
{{Contains special characters|Manchu}}
[[File:Hesen.jpg|thumb|right|[[Heshen]], a powerful official of the [[Qianlong Emperor|Qianlong era]] in the [[Qing dynasty]], was of the Niohuru clan]]

The '''Niohuru''' ([[Manchu language|Manchu]]: {{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᠨᡳᠣᡥᡠᡵᡠ}}; {{lang-zh|c=鈕祜祿|w=Niu<sup>3</sup>-hu<sup>4</sup>-lu<sup>4</sup>|p=Niǔhùlù|l=wolf}} in [[Manchu language|Manchu]]) were a prominent [[Manchu people|Manchu]] clan during the [[Qing dynasty]]. The clan had inhabited the [[Changbai Mountains]] since as early as the Liao dynasty. The clan was well known during the Qing dynasty for producing a variety of consorts of all ranks for emperors, several of whom went on to become mothers to reigning emperors. Prominent people who belonged or trace heritage to the Niohuru clan including famed Manchu warrior [[Eidu]], his son the high official [[Ebilun]], the [[Empress Dowager Ci'an]], the infamous corrupt official [[Heshen]], the contemporary concert pianist [[Lang Lang]] and Lang Tsuyun (Ann Lang), Taiwanese TV, movie and stage actress, singer and producer.

== Distribution ==

Written records of the Niohuru clan dates back to the [[Liao dynasty]] (907–1125), when it was known as the ''Dilie'' clan (敌烈氏) by Chinese transliteration. The current transliteration Niohuru came into being during the [[Ming dynasty]]. The Niohuru clan inhabited the [[Changbai mountains]] region of present-day Jilin province in [[northeast China]] (otherwise known as "Manchuria"), and also on the banks of the [[Songhua River]] and [[Mudan River]].

According to members of the clan who attempted to re-trace their genealogy, the common primogenitor of the vast tribe date back to one Sohoji Bayan (honorific ''Su Gung''), who was six generations removed from [[Eidu]], the first eminent Niohuru clan member in recorded Qing history.<ref name="Toh2005">{{cite book|author=Hoong Teik Toh|title=Materials for a Genealogy of the Niohuru Clan: With Introductory Remarks on Manchu Onomastics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZSNMGosP0cAC&q=tong+kangxi+uncles+banner&pg=PA4|year=2005|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-05196-5|pages=4–}}</ref> The Niohuru were widely distributed throughout the territory of the Manchu empire, and each of the [[Eight Banners]] had some Niohurus among their ranks.

Towards the end of the Qing dynasty and particularly after the founding the Republic of China in 1912, many Manchus adopted single-character Chinese surnames based on their clan origin. The Niohuru were known to have adopted to two versions, "Niu" (钮), which could be found in the modern province of Jiangxi<ref>{{cite book|year=2002|publisher=Blackwell Publishers|quote=When they were young, Alechi saved Nurhaci's life by killing a wild hyena.|page=55|title=Manchus: People of Asia|edition=reprint, illustrated|author=Pamela Crossley|isbn=0631235914}}</ref> in addition to Manchuria; and "[[Lang (Chinese surname)|Lang]]" (朗). Lang sounded like "wolf" in Chinese (狼), roughly corresponding to the Manchu root word ''Niohe'' for Niohuru meaning "wolf".<ref>{{cite book|year=2001|publisher=University of Washington Press|quote=and when the ancient and politically prominent Manchu lineage of Niohuru adopted the Han-style surname Lang, he ridiculed them for having "forgotten their roots." (The Niohuru, whose name was derived from niohe, Manchu for wolf," had chosen Lang as their surname because it was a homophone for the Chinese word for "wolf.")|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tgq1miGno-4C&pg=PA56|page=56|title=Manchus & Han: ethnic relations and political power in late Qing and early republican China, 1861-1928|edition=reprint, illustrated|author=Edward J. M. Rhoads|isbn=9780295804125|access-date=March 2, 2012}}</ref>

Niu 钮 is on the [[Hundred Family Surnames]] poem.

==Notable figures==
===Males===
* [[Eidu]] (1562–1621), Manchu noble, close associate of [[Nurhaci]]
** Daqi ({{lang|zh|達啟/达启}}), Eidu's second son
** Turgei ({{lang|zh|圖爾格/图尔格，pinyin:Tu'erge}}; 1594–1645), Eidu's eighth son; officer of Manchu armies during the reign of [[Hong Taiji]]
** [[Ebilun]] (d. 1673), Eidu's 16th son by Mukushen; served as one of the [[Four Regents of the Kangxi Emperor]]
*** [[Necin (Qing dynasty)|Necin]] ({{lang|zh|訥親/讷亲，pinyin: Neqin}}; d. 1749), Ebilun's grandson; Manchu overseer of the Board of War during the Qianlong era
*** [[Alingga]] (1670–1716), Ebilun's seventh son; official at the court of the Kangxi Emperor
* [[Heshen]] (1750–1799), infamous official of the late Qianlong era
** Fengšeninde ({{lang|zh|丰绅殷德}}; 1775–1810), Heshen's first son
*Mukdembu (穆克登布; d. 1803), grandfather of [[Empress Xiaoquancheng]]
**Yiling (頤齡/颐龄), served as a first rank military official (駐防將軍/驻防将军，pinyin:zhufangjiangjun) in Suzhou, and held the title of a third class duke (三等公)
* [[Sihung Lung]] (1930–2002), Taiwan actor
* [[Niu Maosheng]] (born 1939), Governor of Hebei
* [[Larry Hsien Ping Lang]] (born 1956), Hong Kong economist
* [[Doze Niu]] (born 1966), Taiwan director
* [[Lang Lang]] (born 1982), internationally renowned concert pianist

; Prince Consort
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Date || Prince Consort || width=25%|Background || Princess
|-
| 1608 || Daqi || || [[Nurhaci]]'s fifth daughter (1597–1613) by mistress (Giyamuhut Gioro Zhenge)
|-
| || Eidu || || rowspan=2| [[Nurhaci]]'s fourth daughter (Mukushen; 1595–1659) by mistress (Giyamuhut Gioro Zhenge)
|-
| 1621 || Turgei
|-
| 1790 || Fengšeninde || || [[Gurun Princess Hexiao|Princess Hexiao]] (1775–1823), the [[Qianlong Emperor]]'s tenth daughter by [[Consort Dun]] (Wang)
|-
| 1863 || Jalafungga ({{lang|zh|扎拉豐阿}}; d. 1898) || || Princess Shouxi (1842–1866), the [[Daoguang Emperor]]'s eighth daughter by [[Noble Consort Tong]] ([[Šumuru]])
|}

===Females===
Imperial Consort
* Empress
** [[Empress Xiaozhaoren]] (1659–1678), the [[Kangxi Emperor]]'s second empress
** [[Empress Xiaoshengxian]] (1692–1777), the [[Yongzheng Emperor]]'s noble consort, the mother of the [[Qianlong Emperor]] (1711–1799)
** [[Empress Xiaoherui]] (1776–1850), the [[Jiaqing Emperor]]'s second empress, the mother of seventh daughter (1793–1795), [[Miankai]] (1795–1838) and [[Mianxin]] (1805–1828)
** [[Empress Xiaomucheng]] (1781–1808), the [[Daoguang Emperor]]'s first primary consort
** [[Empress Xiaoquancheng]] (1808–1840), the [[Daoguang Emperor]]'s second empress, the mother of Princess Duanshun (1825–1835), [[Gurun Princess Shou'an|Princess Shou'an]] (1826–1860) and the [[Xianfeng Emperor]] (1831–1861)
** [[Empress Dowager Ci'an|Empress Xiaozhenxian]] (1837–1881), the [[Xianfeng Emperor]]'s empress
* Imperial Noble Consort
** [[Imperial Noble Consort Gongshun]] (1787–1860), the [[Jiaqing Emperor]]'s consort, the mother of eighth daughter (1805–1806), Princess Huimin (1811–1815) and [[Mianyu]] (1814–1865)
* Noble Consort
** [[Noble Consort Wenxi]] (1661–1694), the [[Kangxi Emperor]]'s noble consort, the mother of [[Yun'e]] (1683–1741) and 11th daughter (1685–1686)
** [[Noble Consort Cheng]] (1813–1888), the [[Daoguang Emperor]]'s noble lady
* Consort
** [[Consort Xiang (Daoguang)|Consort Xiang]] (1808–1861), the [[Daoguang Emperor]]'s noble lady, the mother of second daughter (1825), Princess Shouzang (1829–1856) and [[Yicong]] (1831–1889)
* Imperial Concubine
** [[Concubine Cheng (Qianlong)|Imperial Concubine Cheng]] (d. 1784), the [[Qianlong Emperor]]'s imperial concubine
* Noble Lady
** [[Noble Lady Shun]] (1749–1780), the [[Qianlong Emperor]]'s noble lady

Princess Consort
* Primary Consort
** [[Hong Taiji]]'s [[Consort Yuan (Hong Taiji)|first primary consort]] (1593–1612), the mother of Lobohoi (1611–1617)
** [[Yunli]]'s primary consort
** [[Yongrong]]'s second primary consort, the mother of Mianxin (1775–1777), Princess (b. 1776) and [[Mianqing]] (1779–1804)
** [[Yonglin]]'s first primary consort (d. 1801), the mother of Mianheng (1790), second son (1793–1795) and second daughter (1796–1801)
** [[Miankai]]'s primary consort, the mother of Yizuan (1818–1821)
** [[Yihe]]'s primary consort (d. 1871)
* Secondary Consort
** [[Yunbi]]'s secondary consort, the mother of Lady (b. 1738) and Hongkang (1747–1814)
* Concubine
** [[Nurhaci]]'s concubine, the mother of Tanggūdai (1585–1640) and Tabai (1589–1639)
** The [[Kangxi Emperor]]'s concubine, the mother of 20th daughter (1708 – 1708 or 1709)
** [[Changning, Prince Gong|Changning]]'s concubine, the mother of sixth daughter (1684–1712)
* Lang Tsuyun 郎祖筠, Taiwanese entertainment personality, famous for TV, movie and stage acting, singer, writer and producer.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Zha La Feng A.jpg|alt=zhalafenga|Prince consort Zhalafeng'a, a husband of Princess Shouxi of the Second Rank, a daughter of the Daoguang Emperor
File:《慈安皇太后朝服像》.png|Empress Dowager Ci'an
File:《孝全成皇后朝服像》局部 2.jpg|Empress Xiaoquancheng in court dress
File:Half - Empresss XiaoZhao.JPG|Empress Xiaozhaoren in court dress
File:《孝圣宪皇后朝服像》局部.jpg|Empress Xiaoshengxian in court dress, by Giuseppe Castiglione
File:《孝和睿皇后朝服像》.jpg|Empress Xiaoherui in court dress
File:Ebilun.jpg|An imperial portrait of Ebilun
</gallery>

== See also ==
*[[List of Manchu clans]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

*[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZSNMGosP0cAC Materials for a Genealogy of the Niohuru Clan: With Introductory Remarks on Manchu Onomastics]

{{Eight Great Clans of Manchu Nobility}}

[[Category:Manchu clans]]
[[Category:Niohuru clan| ]]
[[Category:Bordered Yellow Banner]]
[[Category:Plain Red Banner]]