View source for Nogales, Sonora

{{more citations needed|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = Nogales
| official_name           = Heroica Nogales
| native_name             =
| native_name_lang        = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| settlement_type         = City
| image_skyline           = [[File:Visit Nogales.jpg|frameless|265px]]<br/>Sign seen when entering the city<br/>[[File:Fray Marcos el edificio mas alto de la ciudad.jpg|frameless|255px]]<br/>Calle Antonio Campillo
| image_alt               =
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| image_flag              =
| flag_alt                =
| image_seal              = Escudo Nogales.png
| seal_alt                =
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|image_map                =
| motto                   = 
| map_alt                 =
| map_caption             =
| pushpin_map             = Mexico Sonora#Mexico
| pushpin_label_position  = 
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| coordinates             = {{coord|31|19|07|N|110|56|45|W|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           =
| coordinates_footnotes   =
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = [[Mexico]]
| subdivision_type1       = State
| subdivision_name1       = [[Sonora]]
| subdivision_type2       = Municipality
| subdivision_name2       = [[Nogales Municipality, Sonora|Nogales]] 
| subdivision_type3       =
| subdivision_name3       =
| established_title       = Founded
| established_date        = July 9, 1884
| founder                 = {{ill|Luis Emeterio Torres|es}}
| seat_type               =
| seat                    =
| government_footnotes    =
| leader_party            = [[Morena (political party)|Morena]]
| leader_title            = Municipal President
| leader_name             = Juan Francisco Gim Nogales
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
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| length_km               =
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| dimensions_footnotes    =
| elevation_footnotes     =
| elevation_m             = 1,199
| population_footnotes    = <ref name="INEGI">{{cite web |url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/consulta_resultados/iter2010.aspx?c=27329&s=est |title=Principales resultados por localidad 2010 (ITER) |year=2010 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía}}</ref>
| population_total        = 264,782
| population_as_of        = 2020
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = Nogalense
| population_note         =
| timezone1               = [[Time in Mexico|Zona Pacífico]]
| utc_offset1             = -7
| timezone1_DST           = No DST observed
| utc_offset1_DST         = -7
| postal_code_type        =
| postal_code             = 84000
| area_code_type          =
| area_code               = 631
| iso_code                =
| website                 = {{URL|http://www.municipiodenogales.org|Official Website}}
| footnotes               =
}}

'''Nogales''' ({{IPA|es|eˈɾoj.ka noˈɣa.les}}), also known formally as '''Heroica Nogales''', is a city in the Mexican state of [[Sonora]]. It is located in the north of the state on the [[Mexico–United States border|U.S. border]], and is abutted on its north by the city of [[Nogales, Arizona]]. It serves as the seat of the surrounding [[Nogales Municipality, Sonora|municipality of Nogales]].  

The name Nogales is the Spanish term for "walnut trees". The municipality reported a population of 264,782 in the 2020 census.

==History==
The independent municipality of Nogales, which included the town of Nogales, was established on July 11, 1884.<ref>date of the publication of Law No. 29, which had been signed the previous day by the Governor of Sonora, {{ill|Luis Emeterio Torres|es}}.</ref> The municipality of Nogales covers an area of 1,675&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. Nogales was declared a city within the municipality on January 1, 1920.

===Battle of Ambos Nogales===

{{main|Battle of Ambos Nogales}}
The international trade that existed between Nogales, Sonora, and Nogales, Arizona, greatly propelled the economic development of Heroica Nogales, and the greater Northern Sonora region, but that did not prevent significant problems from forming in the area after the outbreak of the 1910 [[Mexican Revolution]].

[[File:Panoramic view of the city of Nogales, Mexico, ca.1905 (CHS-1523).jpg|thumb|left|Panoramic view of the city of Nogales, Sonora, circa 1905]]
On August 27, 1918, at about 4:10&nbsp;pm, a gun battle erupted unintentionally when a Mexican civilian attempted to pass through the border, back to Mexico, without checking in at the [[U.S. Customs]] house.  After the initial shooting, reinforcements from both sides rushed to the border. On the Mexican side, the majority of the belligerents were civilians upset with the killings of Mexican border crossers by the U.S. Army along the vaguely defined border between the two cities during the previous year (the [[United States Border Patrol|U.S. Border Patrol]] did not exist until [[Immigration Act of 1924|1924]]). For the Americans, the reinforcements were [[10th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|10th Cavalry]] and [[35th Infantry Regiment (United States)|35th Infantry]] soldiers, and civilians. Hostilities quickly escalated and several soldiers were killed and others wounded on both sides. The mayor of Nogales, Sonora, Félix B. Peñaloza, was killed when waving a [[White flag|white truce flag or handkerchief]] with his cane.

[[File:Tumba de Felix Penaloza 2008.jpg|thumbnail|left|The tomb of Félix B. Peñaloza (Mayor of Nogales, Sonora, in August 1918) at the Panteón de los Héroes, Nogales, Sonora]]

Due in part to the heightened hysteria caused by World War I, allegations surfaced that German agents fomented this violence and died fighting alongside the Mexican troops it was claimed they led into battle. U.S. newspaper reports in Nogales prior to the battle of August 27, 1918, documented the departure of the Mexican garrison in Nogales, Sonora, to points south that August in an attempt to quell armed political rebels.<ref>General DeRosey C. Cabell, "Report on Recent Trouble at Nogales, 1 September 1918," Battle of Nogales 1918 Collection, Pimeria Alta Historical Society (Nogales, AZ). See also DeRosey C. Cabell, "Memorandum for the Adjutant General: Subject: Copy of Records to be Furnished to the Secretary of the Treasury. 30 September 1918," Battle of Nogales 1918 Collection, Pimeria Alta Historical Society (Nogales, AZ).</ref> Furthermore, an investigation by Army officials from [[Fort Huachuca|Fort Huachuca, Arizona]], could not substantiate accusations of militant German agents in the Mexican border community and instead traced the origins of the violence to the abuse of Mexican border crossers in the year prior to the Battle of Ambos Nogales. The main result of this battle was the building of the first permanent border fence between the two cities of Nogales.<ref>"Military Commanders Hold Final Conference Sunday," ''Nogales Evening Daily Herald'' (Nogales, AZ), September 2, 1918; Daniel Arreola, "La Cerca y Las Garitas de Ambos Nogales: A Postcard Landscape Exploration," ''Journal of the Southwest'', vol. 43 (Winter 2001), pp. 504-541</ref> Though largely unheard of in the U.S. (and even within most of Mexico), the municipal leaders of Nogales, Sonora, successfully petitioned [[Congress (Mexico)|Congress]] in 1961 to grant the border city the title of "[[Heroic City]]", leading to the community's official name, '''Heroica Nogales''', a distinction shared with the Sonoran cities of [[Guaymas]], [[Caborca]], [[Cananea]] and [[Ures]], and a number of other cities in Mexico.<ref>{{cite web |title=Municipio Heroica Nogales |url=https://sonmx.mx/municipio-heroica-nogales/ |website=SONMX |date=14 September 2020 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sonora tiene cinco ciudades heroicas ¿Sabes cuáles son? |url=https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/cultura/2021/4/15/sonora-tiene-cinco-ciudades-heroicas-sabes-cuales-son-284651.html |access-date=3 July 2025 |work=El Heraldo de México |date=15 April 2021}}</ref>

===Escobarista Rebellion===
Early in March 1929, the [[Escobar Rebellion|Escobarista Rebellion]] exploded in Nogales, sponsored by Obregonistas, supporters of President [[Álvaro Obregón]], who had been assassinated on July 17, 1928. General Manuel Aguirre, commanding the rebellious 64th Regiment, took power without firing a shot, causing ''[[federales]]'' from [[Naco, Sonora|Naco]] to send a daily airplane to attack the rebels. It dropped a few bombs over Nogales without doing any damage, while the rebels fought back with machine guns from the roofs without doing any damage to the airplane. There was only one casualty, a woman who was scared by a bomb explosion and had a heart attack. That same month, a hooded man appeared at night driving a tank on Morley Street on the U.S. side, then entered Mexico to help the ''federales'' in Naco. It seems that the tank had been bought in 1927 for fighting the [[Yaqui people|Yaquis]], but U.S. officials prohibited it from leaving the U.S., and it had been kept in a warehouse in [[Nogales, Arizona]].<ref name="escobarismo">{{cite web|url=http://www.municipiodenogales.org/escobarismo.htm| title=La rebellion escobarista| access-date=2007-10-19| author= Municipio de Nogales |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070716151408/http://www.municipiodenogales.org/escobarismo.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-07-16}}</ref>

==Climate==
[[File:Cerros de Nogales despues de una intesna nevada.jpg|thumb|Snow covered hills of Nogales.]]
Nogales has a [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''BSk'') with hot summers and cool winters, often presenting freezing temperatures.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=162167&cityname=Nogales,+Sonora,+Mexico|title=Nogales, Sonora Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=2019-02-12}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Heroica Nogales, Sonora (1981-2010, extremes (1963-present)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 31.0
|Feb record high C = 32.0
|Mar record high C = 36.0
|Apr record high C = 40.0
|May record high C = 44.0
|Jun record high C = 46.0
|Jul record high C = 43.0
|Aug record high C = 43.0
|Sep record high C = 39.0
|Oct record high C = 39.0
|Nov record high C = 33.0
|Dec record high C = 29.0
|year record high C = 46.0
|Jan high C = 17.8
|Feb high C = 18.1
|Mar high C = 21.0
|Apr high C = 24.9
|May high C = 29.3
|Jun high C = 34.1
|Jul high C = 33.5
|Aug high C = 32.1
|Sep high C = 30.7
|Oct high C = 26.4
|Nov high C = 21.2
|Dec high C = 17.3
|year high C = 25.5
|Jan mean C = 10.1
|Feb mean C = 10.6
|Mar mean C = 13.1
|Apr mean C = 16.6
|May mean C = 20.8
|Jun mean C = 25.6
|Jul mean C = 26.4
|Aug mean C = 25.3
|Sep mean C = 23.4
|Oct mean C = 18.8
|Nov mean C = 13.5
|Dec mean C = 9.9
|year mean C = 17.8
|Jan low C = 2.3
|Feb low C = 3.1
|Mar low C = 5.2
|Apr low C = 8.2
|May low C = 12.3
|Jun low C = 17.0
|Jul low C = 19.3
|Aug low C = 18.5
|Sep low C = 16.2
|Oct low C = 11.1
|Nov low C = 5.8
|Dec low C = 2.5
|year low C = 10.1
|Jan record low C = -10.0
|Feb record low C = -9.0
|Mar record low C = -9.0
|Apr record low C = -4.0
|May record low C = -2.0
|Jun record low C = 0.0
|Jul record low C = 11.0
|Aug record low C = 8.0
|Sep record low C = 6.0
|Oct record low C = -3.0
|Nov record low C = -4.0
|Dec record low C = -19.0
|year record low C = -10.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 24.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 27.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 19.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 8.1
|May precipitation mm = 5.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 10.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 110.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 115.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 52.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 32.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 21.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 28.1
|year precipitation mm = 454.9
|unit precipitation days= 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 3.5
|Feb precipitation days = 3.5
|Mar precipitation days = 2.6
|Apr precipitation days = 1.4
|May precipitation days = 1.2
|Jun precipitation days = 1.6
|Jul precipitation days = 10.1
|Aug precipitation days = 9.9
|Sep precipitation days = 4.8
|Oct precipitation days = 2.6
|Nov precipitation days = 2.6
|Dec precipitation days = 3.5
|year precipitation days= 47.3
|source 1=Servicio Meteorológico Nacional<ref name = SMN >[http://smn.conagua.gob.mx/tools/RESOURCES/Normales8110/NORMAL26062.TXT] (in Spanish). National Meteorological Service of Mexico. Retrieved April 11, 2017.</ref>
|date=April 2017}}

==Demographics==
{{As of|2000}}, the census reported that the city of Nogales had a population of 159,103 people, representing approximately 50% growth from 1990. By the 2005 census the official population of the city was 189,759, and that of the municipality was 193,517. At the latest census in 2020, the official numbers were 264,782 for the municipality. As of 2020, 1,980 inhabitants spoke an [[indigenous languages of Mexico|indigenous language]], with the Mayo language being the most spoken at 1,024 speakers. There were 2,410 documented immigrants living in Nogales in 2020, most of them from the United States (2,368). In that census, it was recorded that 71% of households had access to the internet and 95.6% of households had at least one cellphone. 46.8% of residents ages 15+ had an education of middle school or lower and the rest (53.2%) had a high school diploma/general baccalaureate or a college degree. This number has increased rapidly since the 2000 census. Nogales had the lowest rating on the Gender Inequality Index (0.33) of any municipality in Sonora, indicating higher gender equity than other places in the state. Just under 30% of inhabitants lived in poverty as of 2020, which is lower than Mexico's average of 44.2%.

The city and the municipality both rank third in the state in population, after [[Hermosillo]] and [[Ciudad Obregón]]. The municipality includes many outlying but small rural communities. The only other localities with over 1,000 inhabitants are La Mesa (2,996) {{coord|31|09|35|N|110|58|28|W|scale:10000_source:INEGI}} and Centro de Readaptación Social Nuevo (2,203) {{coord|31|11|04|N|110|58|04|W|scale:10000_source:INEGI}}. Nogales is served by [[Nogales International Airport (Mexico)|Nogales International Airport]].

The population growth is in part due to the influx of industry that has come since the opening of the [[maquiladora]] industry through the National Industrialization Program, decades before the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] (NAFTA). During the 1990s, this economic context was, in part, held by an important Sonora state social policy by the Secretary of Urban Infrastructure and Ecology, [[Vernon Perez Rubio|Vernon Pérez Rubio]], accomplishing the city's total coverage on drinking water, with a 20-year guaranteed service.<ref>Sonora State Government. Newsletter from the Sonora State Diffusion Board, Puerto Peñasco County. Volume CLV, Number 40, Secc. V. 18 May 1995, Hermosillo, Sonora.</ref> Manufacturing now accounts for 55% of the city's [[gross domestic product]], and services are growing as well, most of this caused by the growing jobs in the city. 

Nogales has experienced enormous population growth{{when|date=August 2020}} which covers the hills along the central narrow north–south valley.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} Dispersed among the houses is a mixture of factories, stores, etc. In 2006, the southern half of the city experienced a modern urbanization development including shopping malls, wide avenues, and modern housing conglomerations.

==Monuments==
At the center of Nogales, there is the Plaza de Benito Juárez. Here there is a statue with two leading figures designed by Spanish sculptor Alfredo Just. This is a tribute to President [[Benito Juárez]], and the other is the "Monument to Ignorance", where a naked man who represents the Mexican people is fighting with a winged creature that represents ignorance.

==Economy==

===Transportation===
Nogales is the terminus of [[Mexico Federal Highway 15|Federal Highway 15]]. It serves as the primary commercial artery that links Nogales to major cities in Mexico as well as [[Interstate 19]] at the U.S. border.

In aviation, the city is served by [[Nogales International Airport (Mexico)|Nogales International Airport]], which, {{as of|2015|lc=y}} had no commercial airline service.

===Tourism===
Due to its location, Nogales is one of the most important ports of entry for U.S. tourists.  The downtown area consists of bars, hotels, restaurants, and a large number of curio stores, which sell a large variety of ''artesanías'' (handicrafts, leather art, handmade flowers, clothes) brought from the deeper central and southern states of Mexico. Local dishes commonly available in restaurants include many types of ''antojitos'' (Mexican food) such as enchiladas, tacos, burritos with machaca (dried meat), menudo and tamales.<ref name="sonora">{{cite web|url=http://www.sonora.gob.mx/portal/Runscript.asp?p=ASP\pg212.asp|title=Municipio de Nogales Official Site|access-date=2007-10-19|author=City of Nogales |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070504191527/http://www.sonora.gob.mx/portal/Runscript.asp?p=ASP%5cpg212.asp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-05-04}}</ref>

===Manufacturing===
[[Maquiladora]]s, or manufacturing plants, employ a large percentage of the population. Nogales's proximity to the U.S. and the abundance of inexpensive labor make it an efficient location for foreign companies to have manufacturing and assembly operations. The companies that have established maquiladoras in Nogales include [[Continental AG]], [[Amphenol Corporation]], [[The Chamberlain Group]], [[Walbro]], and [[ABB]].

==== Production and export ====
Approximately 92 establishments produce foreign exports. Sixty-five of these establishments are located in seven industrial parks, which employ approximately 25,400 workers, around 50 percent of the total employed population of the municipality.<ref name="sonora"/>  Also important to the economy is livestock for both foreign export and cattle breeding.

==== Agriculture ====
Produce is one of Mexico's largest exports to the United States and the [[Nogales-Mariposa Port of Entry]], at Nogales, is the most widely used route for produce destined for the U.S. Currently, 37% of all produce imported from Mexico to the U.S. passes through Nogales, making it the largest border crossing for Mexican fresh produce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Produce – City of Nogales |work=City of Nogales - Welcome |date=3 December 2020 |url=https://nogalesaz.gov/economic-development/produce/ |access-date=2022-07-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> In the winter, the percentage of U.S. imported vegetables passing through Nogales jumps up to about 60%.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-28 |title=Some 60 million pounds of imported produce could get dumped at the U.S.-Mexico border every year. Here's why—and who is rescuing it. |url=https://thecounter.org/nogales-arizona-food-waste-dumping-america-mexico-border/ |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=The Counter |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2020, an estimated $3.7 billion{{Clarify|reason=pesos or dollars?|date=July 2025}} worth of fresh produce entered the U.S. through Nogales, with significant portions originating from the Western Mexican states of Sonora and Sinaloa. As of 2021, in descending order of volume, the top commodities shipped through Nogales were tomatoes (19%), watermelon (16%), cucumbers (14%), squash (13%), bell peppers (9%), grapes (6%), chili peppers (5%), mangos (4%), honeydew melon (2%) and eggplant (2%).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bareuther |first=Carol M. |date=2021-04-15 |title=Port of Nogales Update: More Volume & Variety, Faster & Fresher |url=https://www.producebusiness.com/port-of-nogales-update-more-volume-variety-faster-fresher/ |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=Produce Business |language=en-US}}</ref> Going the other way, the Nogales Arizona-Nogales Sonora Port of Entry was the fourth-largest crossing point for U.S. agricultural exports to Mexico in 2020, with $1.05 billion worth of fresh fruits (34%), grains (26%), meat and meat products (9%), and fresh vegetables (8%) transported by truck and rail.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mexico: Nogales Port of Entry Update 2021 |url=https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/mexico-principal-border-entry-points-us-agricultural-exports-nogales-arizona-nogales-sonora |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=USDA Foreign Agricultural Service |language=en}}</ref>

The produce industry requires facilities for the storage, packing, transport and logistics of these goods and provides many with employment on both sides of the border. November through March represent peak harvesting season and it is during these months when jobs are abundant and importation is at its highest.

== Government ==
The municipality of Nogales was governed by the [[Institutional Revolutionary Party]] (PRI) from 1931 to 2006, when power shifted to the [[National Action Party (Mexico)|National Action Party]] (PAN). After more than seven decades of being in power, the PRI was defeated by the PAN when the businessman and philanthropist [[Marco Antonio Martinez Dabdoub|Marco Antonio Martínez Dabdoub]] ran for the presidency of Nogales, and gained access to the municipal government after winning by 30,826 votes against 23,892 for his PRI opponent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieesonora.org.mx/_elecciones/procesos/2006/computo_global_ayuntamientos2006.pdf|title=Consejo Estatal Electoral de Sonora. Cómputo Global en Ayuntamientos, 2006|language=es|accessdate=13 June 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
!Term 
!Municipal presidents of Nogales, Sonora, 1913–2021 
!Party
!Notes
|- style="background:#ffffff"
|1910–1913<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM26sonora/municipios/26043a.html|title=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y Delegaciones de México. Estado de Sonora. Nogales|language=es|accessdate=13 June 2021|archive-date=16 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116220553/http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM26sonora/municipios/26043a.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ||Fernando F. Rodríguez || ||
|- style="background:#ffffff"
|1913–1914 ||Antonio Varela || ||
|- style="background:#ffffff"
|1916–1917 ||Astolfo R. Cárdenas || ||
|- style="background:#ffffff"
|1917–1918 ||Félix B. Peñaloza || ||
|- style="background:#ffffff"
|1918–1919 ||Astolfo R. Cárdenas || ||
|- style="background:#ffffff"
|1919–1920 ||Alberto Figueroa || ||
|- style="background:#ffffff"
|1920–1921 ||Alejandro Villaseñor || ||
|- style="background:#ffffff"
|1921–1922 ||Francisco V. Ramos || ||
|- style="background:#ffffff"
|1922–1923 ||Francisco A. Casanova || ||
|- style="background:#ffffff"
|1923–1924 ||Walterio Pesqueira || ||
|- style="background:#ffffff"
|1924–1925 ||Jesús E. Maytorena || ||
|- style="background:#ffffff"
|1925 ||Jesús Siqueiros || ||Acting municipal president
|- style="background:#ffffff"
|1925–1926 ||Fernando E. Priego || ||
|- style="background:#ffffff"
|1926 ||Guillermo Mascareñas || ||Acting municipal president
|- style="background:#ffffff"
|1926–1927 ||Carlos Revilla || ||
|- style="background:#ffffff"
|1927 ||Apolonio L. Castro || ||Acting municipal president
|- style="background:#ffffff"
|1927–1929 ||Macedonio H. Jiménez || ||
|- style="background:#ffffff"
|1929–1930 ||? || ||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1931–1932 ||Eduardo L. Soto ||[[:es:Partido Nacional Revolucionario|PNR]] [[File:Logo Partido Nacional Revolucionario.svg|22px|link=Partido Nacional Revolucionario]] ||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1932–1933 ||José S. Elías ||Partido Nacional Revolucionario|PNR [[File:Logo Partido Nacional Revolucionario.svg|22px|link=Partido Nacional Revolucionario]] ||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1933–1935 ||Rafael E. Ruiz ||Partido Nacional Revolucionario|PNR [[File:Logo Partido Nacional Revolucionario.svg|22px|link=Partido Nacional Revolucionario]] ||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1935–1937 ||Enrique Aguayo ||Partido Nacional Revolucionario|PNR [[File:Logo Partido Nacional Revolucionario.svg|22px|link=Partido Nacional Revolucionario]] ||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1937–1939 ||Gustavo Escobosa ||Partido Nacional Revolucionario|PNR [[File:Logo Partido Nacional Revolucionario.svg|22px|link=Partido Nacional Revolucionario]] ||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1939 ||Manuel Mascareñas, Jr. ||[[:es:Partido de la Revolución Mexicana|PRM]] [[File:Logo_Partido_de_la_Revolucion_Mexicana.svg|22px|link=Partido de la Revolución Mexicana]] ||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1939–1941 ||Lauro Larios ||Partido de la Revolución Mexicana|PRM [[File:Logo_Partido_de_la_Revolucion_Mexicana.svg|22px|link=Partido de la Revolución Mexicana]] ||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1941–1943 ||Anacleto F. Olmos ||Partido de la Revolución Mexicana|PRM [[File:Logo_Partido_de_la_Revolucion_Mexicana.svg|22px|link=Partido de la Revolución Mexicana]] ||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1943–1946 ||Luis R. Fernández ||Partido de la Revolución Mexicana|PRM [[File:Logo_Partido_de_la_Revolucion_Mexicana.svg|22px|link=Partido de la Revolución Mexicana]] ||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1946–1949 ||Miguel F. Vázquez ||[[Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI]] [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1949–1952 ||Gonzalo Guerrero Almada ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1952–1953 ||Víctor M. Ruiz Fimbres ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1953–1955 ||Ernesto V. Félix ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1955–1958 ||Miguel Amador Torres ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1958–1961 ||Otilio H. Garavito ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1961–1964 ||Jesús Francisco Cano ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1964–1967 ||Ramiro Corona Godoy ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1967–1970 ||Leopoldo Elías Romero ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1970–1973 ||Octavio García García ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1973–1974 ||Ricardo Silva Hurtado ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1974–1976 ||Enrique Moralla Valdez ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1976 ||Jesús Retes Vásquez ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||Acting municipal president
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1976–1979 ||Héctor Monroy Rivera ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1979–1982 ||Alejandro Silva Hurtado ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1982–1985 ||Enrique Moralla Valdez ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1985–1988 ||César José Dabdoub Chávez ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1988–1991 ||Leobardo Gil Torres ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1991–1994 ||Héctor Mayer Soto ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1994–1997 ||Abraham Faruk Zaied Dabdoub ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|1997–2000 ||Wenceslao Cota Montoya ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|2000–2003 ||Abraham Faruk Zaied Dabdoub ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|2003–2006 ||Lorenzo Antonio de la Fuente Manríquez ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#DDEEF6;"
|2006–2009 ||Marco Antonio Martínez Dabdoub ||[[National Action Party (Mexico)|PAN]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#DDEEF6;"
|2009–2012 ||José Ángel Hernández Barajas ||National Action Party (Mexico)|PAN [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ffe1e1"
|2012–2015 ||Ramón Guzmán Muñoz ||Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]<br/>[[Ecologist Green Party of Mexico|PVEM]] [[File:PVE logo (Mexico).svg|19px]] ||
|- style="background:#DDEEF6;"
|2015–2018 ||David Cuauhtémoc Galindo Delgado ||National Action Party (Mexico)|PAN [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#ff4c4c"
|2018–2021 ||Jesús Antonio Pujol Irastorza || [[Labor Party (Mexico)|PT]] [[File:PT logo (Mexico).svg|22px]]<br/>[[National Regeneration Movement|Morena]] [[File:Morena logo (Mexico).svg|20px]]<br/>[[Social Encounter Party|PES]] [[File:PES logo (Mexico).svg|22px]]||
|- style="background:#F08080;"
|2021– || Juan Francisco Gim Nogales ||National Regeneration Movement|Morena [[File:Morena logo (Mexico).svg|20px]] ||
|}

Voters in Nogales are represented in the [[Congress of the Union]] by [[2nd federal electoral district of Sonora|Sonora's 2nd district]] and in the [[Congress of Sonora]] by local districts 4 and 5.<ref>{{cite web |title=Memoria de la Distritación Nacional 2021–2023 |url=https://cartografia.ife.org.mx/documentacion/memoria-de-la-distritacion-nacional21_23.pdf |publisher=[[National Electoral Institute|INE]] |page=363 |access-date=3 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223340/https://cartografia.ife.org.mx/documentacion/memoria-de-la-distritacion-nacional21_23.pdf |archive-date=28 May 2024}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Nogales 1899.jpg|View of border in Nogales c. 1899. Sonora is on the left and Arizona is on the right.
File:Close up of the Monument to the Citizens of Nogales, Sonora, who participated in the Battle of August 27, 1918.JPG|A close up of the Battle of Ambos Nogales Memorial in Heroica Nogales, Sonora. "August 27, 1918: Dedicated to the citizens who fell fulfilling their patriotic duties" (translation).
File:Monumento a los Heroes del 27 de Agosto - Small Picture.JPG|Monument to the Mexican participants of the Battle of Ambos Nogales located just south of the border on Calle Adolfo López Mateos in Nogales, Sonora.
File:Ninos Heroes monument in Nogales, Mexico.jpg|Monument to the [[Niños Héroes]]
File:Cerco fronterizo de H. Nogales y Nogales.jpg|Mural on the Sonora side of the US-Mexico border in Nogales. It depicts the harsh realities of illegal immigrants travelling through the Sonoran desert. The wall itself, at this location, is constructed of Korean War-era [[Marston Matting|perforated steel matting]] used as makeshift runways and landing strips.
File:Mexican-American border at Nogales.jpg|View of the border between Arizona, on the left, and Sonora, on the right.
File:Houses in Nogales, SON.jpg|Houses on a hill in Nogales, 2010.
File:Distribuidor vial Buenos Aires Nogales.jpg|Overpass
File:Fray Marcos2.jpg|View of the city upon entering from the US.
File:Monumento a Juárez.jpg|Monument to president [[Benito Juárez]].
File:Nogales sculpture 70.jpg|Monument to Motherhood
</gallery>

== Religion ==
Since 13 March 2015, its Catedral Santuario de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe is also the episcopal cathedral see of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Nogales]]. It is a suffragan of the Metropolitan [[Archdiocese of Hermosillo]], from which its diocesan territory was split off that year.

== In popular culture ==
Nogales is discussed at length in the popular [[political economy|political economics]] book ''[[Why Nations Fail]]'', comparing the relative success of [[Nogales, Arizona]], north of the border to the poverty of Nogales, Sonora, to the south.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FXJvAAAAQBAJ&q=Nogales|title=Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty|last1=Acemoglu|first1=Daron|last2=Robinson|first2=James A.|publisher=Currency|year=2017|isbn=978-0307719225}}</ref>

Nogales is heavily mentioned in the song "Magdalena" by [[the Killers]] frontman [[Brandon Flowers]], off his debut solo studio album [[Flamingo (Brandon Flowers album)|Flamingo]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Brandon Flowers – Magdalena |url=https://genius.com/Brandon-flowers-magdalena-lyrics |access-date=2025-07-23}}</ref>

== Notable people ==

* [[Adriana Yadira Gallego]], artist and art educator 
* [[Ana Gabriela Guevara]], World Athletics Championship 2003 Female, World Champion in Paris 2003 and Olympic silver medalist in 2004 Olympic Games in the 400 meters (athletics), later elected to [[Congress (Mexico)|Congress]] for [[2nd federal electoral district of Sonora|Sonora's 2nd district]] (Nogales)
* [[David Zepeda]], actor, singer, model and lawyer.
* [[Óscar Valdez]], professional boxer, two-time Olympian, former [[featherweight]] world champion of the [[WBO]],  and former [[World Boxing Council|WBC]] [[super featherweight]] world champion.
* [[Esthella Provas]], [[art dealer]]

==See also==
* [[Nogales Municipality, Sonora]]
* [[Municipalities of Sonora]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130406130712/http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/ Link to tables of population data from Census of 2005]—INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática

==External links==
{{Commons category|Nogales, Sonora}}
{{wikivoyage|Nogales (Mexico)}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110406042326/http://www.nogales.sonora.gob.mx/ Nogales, Ayuntamiento Digital] ''(Official Website of Nogales, Sonora)''  {{in lang|es}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060427064326/http://www.municipiodenogales.org/ ''Everything you want to know about Both/Ambos Nogales - Bilingual'']
* [http://www.planetnogales.com/ Planet Nogales ''(Information about Nogales Arizona and Nogales Sonora)'']
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20191230132448/http://www.nogalesmx.com/ Nogales Sonora Website]}}

{{Sonora}}
{{Hero Cities of Mexico}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Nogales, Sonora| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Sonora]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Sonoran Desert]]
[[Category:Twin cities]]
[[Category:1884 establishments in Mexico]]
[[Category:Divided cities]]