View source for North-West Frontier Province

{{Short description|Former Province of British India (1901–1947) and Pakistan (1947–1955; 1970–2010)}}
{{About|the former province of British India (1901–1947) and Pakistan (1947–1955; 1970–2010)|its renamed successor province|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|other uses|North West Frontier (disambiguation)}}
{{Distinguish|North-Western Provinces}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}

{{Infobox former country
| conventional_long_name = North-West Frontier Province
| common_name            = North-West Frontier
| status                 =
*[[Chief Commissioner's Province]] of [[British India]] (1901–1932)
*[[List of governors of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Governor]]-led province of British India (1932–1947)
*[[Administrative units of Pakistan|Province of Pakistan]] (1947–1955; 1970–2010)
| native_name            = {{collapsible list
|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:84%;
|title = {{resize|1.0 em|Native names}}
|{{Infobox|subbox=yes|bodystyle=font-size:80%;font-weight:normal;
|rowclass1 = mergedrow|label1=[[Urdu]]:|data1={{lang|ur|شمال مغربی سرحدی صوبہ}}
|rowclass2 = mergedrow|label2={{nobold|romanised:}}|data2=''śamāl maġribī sarhadī sūbāh''
|rowclass3 = mergedrow|label3=[[Pashto]]:|data3={{lang|ps|شمال لویدیځ سرحدي ایالت}}
|rowclass4 = mergedrow|label4={{nobold|romanised:}}|data4=''śamāl lawedez sarhadī iyālat''
|rowclass5 = mergedrow|label5=[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]:|data5={{lang|pnb|اُترا لہندا سرحدی صوبہ}}
|rowclass6 = mergedrow|label6={{nobold|romanised:}}|data6=''Utrā Léhndā Sarhadī Sūbā''
}}
}}
| image_flag             = Flag_of_NWFP.svg
| image_flag2            = British_Raj_Red_Ensign_%283-2%29.svg
| flag_type              = 
{{ubl|Top: Flag in Pakistan|Bottom: Flag in British India}}
| alt_flag               = 
| image_coat             = File:Coat_of_arms_of_NWFP.svg
| symbol_width           = 60px
| alt_coat               = 
| symbol_type            = [[State emblem of Pakistan#Regional emblems|Coat of arms]] (Pakistan)
| image_map              = {{Switcher|[[File:PakistanNorthWestFrontier.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]|The North-West Frontier in Pakistan (1970–2010)|[[File:NWFP (1901-1955) map.gif|upright=1.15|frameless]]|The North-West Frontier in Pakistan (1947–1955)|[[File:IndianEmpireCeylon1915.jpg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|The North-West Frontier in the British Empire|default=1}}
| map_width              = 250px
| alt_map                = Images of maps of the North-West Frontier Province
| capital                = [[Peshawar]]
| official_languages     = {{Hlist|[[English language|English]]|[[Urdu]]}}
| languages_type         = Native languages
| languages              = {{Hlist|[[Pashto]]|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]{{efn|name=PunjabiLanguages}}|[[#Language|others]]}} <!-- Do not add more languages -->
| demonym                = Sarhadī
| title_leader           = [[List of chief commissioners of the North-West Frontier Province|Chief Commissioner]]
| leader1                = [[Harold Arthur Deane]] (first)
| year_leader1           = 1901–1908
| leader2                = [[Ralph Griffith (Indian Army officer)|Ralph Griffith]] (last)
| year_leader2           = 1931–1932
| title_representative   = [[List of governors of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Governor]]
| representative1        = Ralph Griffith (first)
| year_representative1   = 1932–1937
| representative2        = [[Owais Ahmed Ghani]] (last)
| year_representative2   = 2008–2010{{efn|Continued as [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] till 2011}}
| title_deputy           = [[List of chief ministers of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Chief Minister]]
| deputy1                = [[Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum]] (first)
| year_deputy1           = 1937
| deputy2                = [[Haider Khan Hoti]] (last)
| year_deputy2           = 2008–2010{{efn|Continued as [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] till 2013}}
| legislature            = [[Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#History|Legislative Council]] (1932–1937)<br />[[Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#History|Provincial Assembly]] (1937–1955; 1970–2010)
| event_start            = [[#Formation|Separated from Punjab]]
| year_start             = 1901
| date_start             = 9 November
| event_end              = [[Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan|Renamed]]
| year_end               = 2010
| date_end               = 19 April
| event1                 = [[Pakistan Movement|Accession to Pakistan]]
| date_event1            = 14 August 1947
| event2                 = [[One Unit Scheme|Merged into West Pakistan]]
| date_event2            = 14 October 1955
| event3                 = [[Legal Framework Order, 1970|Reestablished]]
| date_event3            = 1 July 1970
| stat_year1             = 1970–2010
| stat_area1             = 74521
| stat_year2             = 1950–1955
| stat_area2             = 34267
| stat_year3             = 1901–1950
| stat_area3             = 34169
| date_format            = {{ubl
  | {{nowrap|{{abbr|dd|day}}-{{abbr|mm|month}}-{{abbr|yyyy|year}}}}
}}
| p1                     = Punjab Province (British India){{!}}'''1901''':<br>British Punjab
| flag_p1                = Flag of the Province of Punjab of British India.svg
| p2                     = Phulra{{!}}'''1950''':<br>Phulra State
| flag_p2                = Flag of Phulra.jpg
| p3                     = West Pakistan{{!}}'''1970''':<br>West Pakistan
| flag_p3                = Emblem of West Pakistan (green version).svg
| p4                     = Hazara Tribal Agency
| flag_p4                = 
| p5                     = Kohistan region, Pakistan{{!}}Kohistan Tribal Area
| flag_p5                = 
| flag_s1                = Emblem of West Pakistan (green version).svg
| s1                     = West Pakistan{{!}}'''1955:'''<br />West Pakistan                                
| s2                     = Khyber Pakhtunkhwa{{!}}'''2010:'''<br />Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
| flag_s2                = Khyber Pakhtunkhwa flag.png
| today                  = [[Pakistan]]
*[[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
}}
{{Former administrative units of Pakistan}}

The '''North-West Frontier Province''' ({{small|abbr.}} '''NWFP'''), commonly known as '''''Sarhad''''' ({{lit|Frontier}}), was a [[Administrative units of Pakistan|province of Pakistan]] from 1947 to 1955 and from 1970 to 2010; and prior, a [[British India|province of British India]] from [[#Formation|its establishment]] in 1901 to [[Pakistan Movement|Pakistan's independence]] in 1947. It was established from the north-western districts of  [[Punjab Province (British India)|British Punjab]] during the [[British Raj]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shāh |first=Sayyid Vaqār ʻAlī |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_edtAAAAMAAJ |title=North-West Frontier Province: History and Politics |date=2007 |publisher=National Institute of Historical & Cultural Research, Centre of Excellence, Quaid-i-Azam University |isbn=978-969-415-084-0 |pages=15 |language=en}}</ref> Following the [[1947 North-West Frontier Province referendum|referendum in 1947 to join either Pakistan or India]], the province voted hugely in favour of joining [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]] and it acceded accordingly on 14 August 1947. It was dissolved to form a unified province of [[West Pakistan]] in 1955 upon promulgation of [[One Unit Scheme]] and was reestablished in [[Legal Framework Order, 1970|1970]]. It was known by this name until 19 April 2010, when it was dissolved and redesignated as the province of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] following the enactment of the [[Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan|Eighteenth Amendment]] to the [[Constitution of Pakistan]].

The province covered an area of {{Convert|70709|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, including much of the current Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province but excluding the [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] and the former [[princely state]]s of [[Amb (princely state)|Amb]], [[Chitral (princely state)|Chitral]], [[Dir (princely state)|Dir]], [[Phulra]] and [[Swat (princely state)|Swat]]. Its capital was the city of [[Peshawar]], and the province was composed of six [[Divisions of Pakistan|divisions]] ([[Bannu Division|Bannu]], [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]], [[Hazara Division|Hazara]], [[Kohat Division|Kohat]], [[Mardan Division|Mardan]], and [[Peshawar Division]]; [[Malakand Division|Malakand]] was later added as the seventh division). Until 1947, the province was bordered by five princely states to the north, the minor states of the [[Gilgit Agency]] to the northeast, the province of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]] to the east and the province of [[Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province)|Balochistan]] to the south. The [[Kingdom of Afghanistan]] lay to the northwest, with the Federally Administered Tribal Areas forming a buffer zone between the two.

== History ==
===Formation===
{{See also|Military history of the North-West Frontier}}
The northwestern frontier areas were annexed by the [[East India Company]] after the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War|Second Sikh War]] (1848–49). The territories thenceforth formed a part of Punjab until the province, then known as North West Frontier Province, was created in 1901 from the north-western districts of the Punjab Province.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Khyber Pakhtunkhwa {{!}} province, Pakistan|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa|access-date=2020-07-09|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>
This region, along with the 'Frontier Tribal Areas', acted as a [[buffer zone]] with Afghanistan.

<gallery>
File:Pope1880Panjab3.jpg|The Punjab in 1880 (included areas of the later North-West Frontier Province)
File:Map of the North-West Frontier Province and Kashmir from The Imperial Gazetteer of India (1907-1909).jpg|Map of the North-West Frontier Province and [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Kashmir]] from The Imperial Gazetteer of India (1907-1909)
File:Map of the North-West Frontier Province, British India, published in 'The Panjab, North-West Frontier Province and Kashmir' (1916).jpg|Map of the North-West Frontier Province, British India, published in 'The Panjab, North-West Frontier Province and Kashmir' (1916)
File:North-Western India in 1946 map of India by National Geographic.jpg|Map of the North-West Frontier Province and neighbouring regions (National Geographic, 1946)
</gallery>

===Inside Pakistan===
Before the [[Partition of India]], the [[1947 North-West Frontier Province referendum]] was held in July 1947 to decide the future of NWFP, in which the people of the province decided in favor of joining Pakistan. [[List of Chief Ministers of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Chief Minister]] [[Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan|Dr Khan Sahib]], along with his brother [[Bacha Khan]] and the [[Khudai Khidmatgar]]s, boycotted the referendum, citing that it did not have the options of the NWFP becoming [[Pashtunistan|independent]] or joining Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M9iwFmvKTwcC |title=The Dust of Empire: The Race For Mastery in the Asian Heartland – Karl E. Meyer – Google Boeken |date= 5 August 2008|isbn=9780786724819 |access-date=10 July 2013|last1=Meyer |first1=Karl E. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/110699/was-jinnah-democratic-ii/|title=Was Jinnah democratic? – II|website=Daily Times|date=25 December 2011|access-date=24 February 2019}}</ref>

As a separate province, the NWFP lasted until 1955 when it was merged into the new province of [[West Pakistan]], under the [[One Unit]] policy announced by [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Chaudhry Mohammad Ali]]. It was recreated after the dissolution of the One Unit system and lasted under its old nomenclature until April 2010, when it was renamed the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province.

== Government ==
The offices of '''Governor''' and '''Chief Minister''' of the North-West Frontier Province lasted until 14 October 1955.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Tenure||Governors of the North-West Frontier Province<ref name="worldstatesmen">{{cite web| url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Pakistan_states.html#North-West-Frontier| title=Pakistan Provinces| author=Ben Cahoon, WorldStatesmen.org| access-date=2007-10-03}}</ref>
|-
| 14 August 1947 – 8 April 1948||[[George Cunningham (governor)|Sir George Cunningham]]
|-
| 8 April 1948 – 16 July 1949||[[Ambrose Flux Dundas|Sir Ambrose Dundas Flux Dundas]]
|-
| 16 July 1949 – 14 January 1950||[[Sahibzada Mohammad Kursheed]]
|-
| 14 January 1950 – 21 February 1950||[[Mohammad Ibrahim Khan Jhagra]] (acting)
|-
| 21 February 1950 – 23 November 1951||[[I. I. Chundrigar|Ismail Ibrahim Chundrigar]]
|-
| 24 November 1951 – 17 November 1954||[[Khwaja Shahabuddin]]
|-
| 17 November 1954 – 14 October 1955||Qurban Ali Khan
|-
| 14 October 1955||''North-West Frontier Province dissolved''
|}

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Tenure||Chief Ministers of the North-West Frontier Province<ref name="worldstatesmen" />||Political party
|-
| 1 April 1937 – 7 September 1937||Sir [[Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan]]||Non-party government nominee
|-
| 7 September 1937 – 10 November 1939||[[Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan]] (1st time)||[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| 10 November 1939 – 25 May 1943||colspan=2|''Governor's rule''
|-
| 25 May 1943 – 16 March 1945||Sardar Aurangzeb Khan||[[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]]
|-
| 16 March 1945 – 22 August 1947||[[Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan]] (2nd time)||Indian National Congress
|-
| 14 August 1947||colspan=2|''Independence of Pakistan''
|-
| 23 August 1947 – 23 April 1953||[[Abdul Qayyum Khan Kashmiri]]||Pakistan Muslim League
|-
| 23 April 1953 – 18 July 1955||[[Sardar Abdur Rashid Khan]]||
|-
| 19 July 1955 – 14 October 1955||[[Sardar Bahadur Khan]]||
|-

|}

== Demographics ==
{{distinguish|Federally Administered Tribal Areas#Demographics}}
{{Historical populations
| title = Population history
| type  = Pakistan
| direction = vertical
| align = right
| percentages = pagr
| footnote = ''Source: [[Census of India]]''<br />
<ref name="NWFP1855">{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31709 |access-date=1 December 2024 |title=Report on the census, taken on the 1st January 1855, of the population of the Punjab Territories; Papers connected with the administration of Mysore |website=Census Digital Library|year=1855}}</ref>{{rp|31}}<ref name="NWFP1881">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057657 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057657 |access-date=16 June 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II. |year=1881 }}</ref>{{rp|11–13}}<ref name="NWFP1891">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318669 |jstor=saoa.crl.25318669 |access-date=22 June 2024 |title=The Punjab and its feudatories, part II--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory |year=1891 }}</ref>{{rp|1–2}}<ref name="NWFP1901">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739 |jstor=saoa.crl.25363739 |access-date=25 February 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province. |year=1901}}</ref>{{rp|7}}<ref name="NWFP1911">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25394102 |jstor=saoa.crl.25394102 |access-date=23 September 2021 |title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 13, North-west Frontier Province : part I, Report; part II, Tables. |year=1911}}</ref>{{rp|30}}<ref name="NWFP1921">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430163 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430163 |access-date=2 February 2023 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 14, North-west Frontier Province : part I, Report; part II, Tables. |year=1921}}</ref>{{rp|345–346}}<ref name="NWFP1931">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793233|jstor=saoa.crl.25793233 |access-date=7 February 2023 |title=Census of India, 1931, vol. XV. North-west frontier province. Part I-Report. Part II-Tables |last1=Mallam |first1=G. L. |last2=Dundas |first2=A. D. F. |year=1933 |publisher=Peshawar, Printed by the manager, Government stationery and printing, 1933. }}</ref><ref name="NWFP1941">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215543 |jstor=saoa.crl.28215543 |access-date=23 September 2021 |title=Census of India, 1941. Vol. 10, North-West Frontier Province |year=1941}}</ref>
| 1855|1209736
| 1868|1713596
| 1881|1955515
| 1891|2281708
| 1901|2050724
| 1911|2196933
| 1921|2251340
| 1931|2425076
| 1941|3038067
}}
=== Population ===
Historical population, language, and religious counts in North-West Frontier Province were enumerated in all districts ([[Hazara District|Hazara]], [[Mardan District|Mardan]], [[Peshawar District|Peshawar]], [[Kohat District|Kohat]], [[Bannu District|Bannu]], and [[Dera Ismail Khan District|Dera Ismail Khan]]), detailed in the population, language, and religious tables above and below. Separate population counts were taken in the [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas|Agencies and Tribal Areas]], as detailed on the respective article page.

At independence, there was a clear Muslim [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]], [[Hindkowans|Hindkowan]], and [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] majority in the North-West Frontier Province, although there were also significant Hindu and Sikh [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]], [[Hindkowans|Hindkowan]], and [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] minorities scattered across the province.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Population of North–West Frontier Province by District (1855–1941)
! rowspan="2" |[[Census in British India|Census<br>Year]]
! colspan="2" |[[Peshawar District|Peshawar<br>District]]
! colspan="2" |[[Dera Ismail Khan District|Dera Ismail Khan<br>District]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hazara District|Hazara<br>District]]
! colspan="2" |[[Bannu District|Bannu<br>District]]
! colspan="2" |[[Kohat District|Kohat<br>District]]
! colspan="2" |[[Mardan District|Mardan<br>District]]
! colspan="2" |[[North-West Frontier Province|North-West<br>Frontier Province]]
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! 1855<ref name="NWFP1855"/>
| 450,099
| {{Percentage | 450099 | 1209736 | 2 }}
| 362,041
| {{Percentage | 362041 | 1209736 | 2 }}
| 296,364
| {{Percentage | 296364 | 1209736 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 101,232
| {{Percentage | 101232 | 1209736 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
! 1,209,736
! {{Percentage | 1209736 | 1209736 | 2 }}
|-
! 1868<ref name="NWFP1881"/>
| 523,152
| {{Percentage | 523152 | 1713596 | 2 }}
| 394,889
| {{Percentage | 394889 | 1713596 | 2 }}
| 365,320
| {{Percentage | 365320 | 1713596 | 2 }}
| 284,816
| {{Percentage | 284816 | 1713596 | 2 }}
| 145,419
| {{Percentage | 145419 | 1713596 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
! 1,713,596
! {{Percentage | 1713596 | 1713596 | 2 }}
|-
! 1881<ref name="NWFP1881"/>
| 592,674
| {{Percentage | 592674 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 441,649
| {{Percentage | 441649 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 407,075
| {{Percentage | 407075 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 332,577
| {{Percentage | 332577 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 181,540
| {{Percentage | 181540 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
! 1,955,515
! {{Percentage | 1955515 | 1955515 | 2 }}
|-
! 1891<ref name="NWFP1891"/>
| 703,768
| {{Percentage | 703768 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 486,201
| {{Percentage | 486201 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 516,288
| {{Percentage | 516288 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 372,276
| {{Percentage | 372276 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 203,175
| {{Percentage | 203175 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
! 2,281,708
! {{Percentage | 2281708 | 2281708 | 2 }}
|-
! 1901<ref name="NWFP1901"/>
| 788,707
| {{Percentage | 788707 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 252,379
| {{Percentage | 252379 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 560,288
| {{Percentage | 560288 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 231,485
| {{Percentage | 231485 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 217,865
| {{Percentage | 217865 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
! 2,050,724
! {{Percentage | 2050724 | 2050724 | 2 }}
|-
! 1911<ref name="NWFP1911"/>
| 865,009
| {{Percentage | 865009 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 256,120
| {{Percentage | 256120 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 603,028
| {{Percentage | 603028 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 250,086
| {{Percentage | 250086 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 222,690
| {{Percentage | 222690 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
! 2,196,933
! {{Percentage | 2196933 | 2196933 | 2 }}
|-
! 1921<ref name="NWFP1921"/>
| 907,367
| {{Percentage | 907367 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 260,767
| {{Percentage | 260767 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 622,349
| {{Percentage | 622349 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 246,734
| {{Percentage | 246734 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 214,123
| {{Percentage | 214123 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
! 2,251,340
! {{Percentage | 2251340 | 2251340 | 2 }}
|-
! 1931<ref name="NWFP1931"/>
| 974,321
| {{Percentage | 974321 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 274,064
| {{Percentage | 274064 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 670,117
| {{Percentage | 670117 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 270,301
| {{Percentage | 270301 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 236,273
| {{Percentage | 236273 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
! 2,425,076
! {{Percentage | 2425076 | 2425076 | 2 }}
|-
! 1941<ref name="NWFP1941"/>
| 851,833
| {{Percentage | 851833 | 3038067 | 2 }}
| 298,131
| {{Percentage | 298131 | 3038067 | 2 }}
| 796,230
| {{Percentage | 796230 | 3038067 | 2 }}
| 295,930
| {{Percentage | 295930 | 3038067 | 2 }}
| 289,404
| {{Percentage | 289404 | 3038067 | 2 }}
| 506,539
| {{Percentage | 506539 | 3038067 | 2 }}
! 3,038,067
! {{Percentage | 3038067 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|}

=== Language ===
The languages of the North-West Frontier Province included Pashto, Hindko, Kohistani and others, although most of the population spoke either [[Pashto language|Pashto]] or [[Lahnda (Western Punjabi)|Lahnda/Western Punjabi]] (primarily [[Hindko]] and [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]]). Prior to the arrival of the British, the ''[[official language]]'', for governmental uses and such, was [[Persian language|Persian]].
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Language in North–West Frontier Province (1881–1931)
! rowspan="2" |[[First language|Mother<br>Tongue]]
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="NWFP1881"/>{{rp|168}}
! colspan="2" |1891<ref name="NWFP1891"/>{{rp|116}}
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="NWFP1901"/>{{rp|181}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="NWFP1911"/>{{rp|330}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="NWFP1921"/>{{rp|370}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="NWFP1931"/>{{rp|357}}
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Greater Punjabi]]{{efn|name=PunjabiLanguages|Includes speakers of [[Western Punjabi (Lahnda)]] ([[Hindko]]-[[Saraiki language|Saraiki]]: [[Peshawari dialect|Peshawari]], [[Pahari-Pothwari]], [[Derawali dialect|Derawali]], Chinawab, [[Multani (language)|Multani]], [[Chachhi dialect|Chachhi]], [[Ghebi]], [[Tanoli]], [[Kohati]], [[Awankari dialect|Awankari]], Hariani, and others) and also includes speakers of [[Standard Punjabi]]. Both are included as one on table for continuity between censuses, as enumeration results frequently shifted as standardization of the various Punjabi dialects and languages was an ongoing process, with speakers of Standard Punjabi comprising a majority as per the 1911 census, while speakers of Western Punjabi (Lahnda) comprised a majority as per the 1921 and 1931 census.}}
| 1,050,061
|{{Percentage | 1050061 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 1,226,648
|{{Percentage | 1226648 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 876,604
|{{Percentage | 876604 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 916,365
|{{Percentage | 916365 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 1,000,255
|{{Percentage | 1000255 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 1,102,905
|{{Percentage | 1102905 | 2425076 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Pashto]]
| 870,816
|{{Percentage | 870816 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 1,023,021
|{{Percentage | 1023021 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 1,088,606
|{{Percentage | 1088606 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 1,221,859
|{{Percentage | 1221859 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 1,202,326
|{{Percentage | 1202326 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 1,279,471
|{{Percentage | 1279471 | 2425076 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]
| 17,645
|{{Percentage | 17645 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 15,686
|{{Percentage | 15686 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 15,598
|{{Percentage | 15598 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 16,995
|{{Percentage | 16995 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 8,814
|{{Percentage | 8814 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 19,221
|{{Percentage | 19221 | 2425076 | 2 }}
|-
| [[English language|English]]
| 4,554
|{{Percentage | 4554 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 5,204
|{{Percentage | 5204 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 4,601
|{{Percentage | 4601 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 5,720
|{{Percentage | 5720 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 9,762
|{{Percentage | 9762 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 7,852
|{{Percentage | 7852 | 2425076 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Persian language|Persian]]
| 4,028
|{{Percentage | 4028 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 3,962
|{{Percentage | 3962 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 2,851
|{{Percentage | 2851 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 3,454
|{{Percentage | 3454 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 2,352
|{{Percentage | 2352 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 6,030
|{{Percentage | 6030 | 2425076 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]
| 3,736
|{{Percentage | 3736 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 2,218
|{{Percentage | 2218 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 821
|{{Percentage | 821 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 533
|{{Percentage | 533 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 343
|{{Percentage | 343 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 1,796
|{{Percentage | 1796 | 2425076 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Balochi language|Balochi]]
| 2,510
|{{Percentage | 2510 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 554
|{{Percentage | 554 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 92
|{{Percentage | 92 | 2050724 | 3 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
| 1,020
|{{Percentage | 1020 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 2,655
|{{Percentage | 2655 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 5,179
|{{Percentage | 5179 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 4,149
|{{Percentage | 4149 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 5,140
|{{Percentage | 5140 | 2425076 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dogri language|Dogri]]
| 624
|{{Percentage | 624 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 336
|{{Percentage | 336 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 674
|{{Percentage | 674 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 46
|{{Percentage | 46 | 2196933 | 3 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]
| 204
|{{Percentage | 204 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 101
|{{Percentage | 101 | 2281708 | 3 }}
| 196
|{{Percentage | 196 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 7
|{{Percentage | 7 | 2251340 | 4 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| 202
|{{Percentage | 202 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 106
|{{Percentage | 106 | 2281708 | 3 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 217
|{{Percentage | 217 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Tibetic languages|Tibetan]]
| 38
|{{Percentage | 38 | 1955515 | 3 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Turkish language|Turkish]]
| 32
|{{Percentage | 32 | 1955515 | 3 }}
| 151
|{{Percentage | 151 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 16
|{{Percentage | 16 | 2196933 | 3 }}
| 23
|{{Percentage | 23 | 2251340 | 3 }}
| 62
|{{Percentage | 62 | 2425076 | 3 }}
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| 23
|{{Percentage | 23 | 1955515 | 3 }}
| 37
|{{Percentage | 37 | 2281708 | 3 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 68
|{{Percentage | 68 | 2251340 | 3 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| 16
|{{Percentage | 16 | 1955515 | 3 }}
| 282
|{{Percentage | 282 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 97
|{{Percentage | 97 | 2196933 | 3 }}
| 11
|{{Percentage | 11 | 2251340 | 4 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| 1
|{{Percentage | 1 | 1955515 | 4 }}
| 61
|{{Percentage | 61 | 2281708 | 3 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 219
|{{Percentage | 219 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 1
|{{Percentage | 1 | 2251340 | 4 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Arabic]]
| 1
|{{Percentage | 1 | 1955515 | 4 }}
| 17
|{{Percentage | 17 | 2281708 | 3 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 12
|{{Percentage | 12 | 2196933 | 3 }}
| 54
|{{Percentage | 54 | 2251340 | 3 }}
| 24
|{{Percentage | 24 | 2425076 | 3 }}
|-
| [[German language|German]]
| 1
|{{Percentage | 1 | 1955515 | 4 }}
| 10
|{{Percentage | 10 | 2281708 | 4 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 5
|{{Percentage | 5 | 2196933 | 4 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 3
|{{Percentage | 3 | 2425076 | 4 }}
|-
| [[French language|French]]
| 1
|{{Percentage | 1 | 1955515 | 4 }}
| 4
|{{Percentage | 4 | 2281708 | 4 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 4
|{{Percentage | 4 | 2196933 | 4 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 9
|{{Percentage | 9 | 2425076 | 4 }}
|-
| [[Chinese language|Chinese]]
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 2
|{{Percentage | 2 | 2281708 | 4 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 2
|{{Percentage | 2 | 2196933 | 4 }}
| 1
|{{Percentage | 1 | 2251340 | 4 }}
| 5
|{{Percentage | 5 | 2425076 | 4 }}
|-
| Italian
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 2
|{{Percentage | 2 | 2281708 | 4 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
| 0
|{{Percentage | 1881pop | 1955515 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 34
|{{Percentage | 34 | 2196933 | 3 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 14
|{{Percentage | 14 | 2425076 | 3 }}
|-
| [[Chitrali language|Chitrali]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 7
|{{Percentage | 7 | 2281708 | 4 }}
| 1
|{{Percentage | 1 | 2050724 | 4 }}
| 41
|{{Percentage | 41 | 2196933 | 3 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Dutch language|Dutch]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 2
|{{Percentage | 2 | 2281708 | 4 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 1
|{{Percentage | 1 | 2425076 | 4 }}
|-
| [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 2
|{{Percentage | 2 | 2281708 | 4 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 1
|{{Percentage | 1 | 2425076 | 4 }}
|-
| Oria
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 1
|{{Percentage | 1 | 2281708 | 4 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Turanian languages|Turanian]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 1
|{{Percentage | 1 | 2281708 | 4 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Armenian language|Armenian]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 2
|{{Percentage | 2 | 2196933 | 4 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Russian language|Russian]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 1
|{{Percentage | 1 | 2196933 | 4 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Greek language|Greek]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 2
|{{Percentage | 2 | 2425076 | 4 }}
|-
| [[Gujari language|Gujari]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 53,021
|{{Percentage | 53021 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 25,668
|{{Percentage | 25668 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 22,637
|{{Percentage | 22637 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 596
|{{Percentage | 596 | 2425076 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Odki]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 308
|{{Percentage | 308 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 95
|{{Percentage | 95 | 2196933 | 3 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Purbi]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 359
|{{Percentage | 359 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 98
|{{Percentage | 98 | 2251340 | 3 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Kohistani language|Kohistani]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 117
|{{Percentage | 117 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 222
|{{Percentage | 222 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 377
|{{Percentage | 377 | 2425076 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Marwari language|Marwari]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 49
|{{Percentage | 49 | 2196933 | 3 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Pashayi languages|Pashayi]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 16
|{{Percentage | 16 | 2196933 | 3 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Danish language|Danish]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 2
|{{Percentage | 2 | 2196933 | 4 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Irish language|Irish]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 1
|{{Percentage | 1 | 2196933 | 4 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 1
|{{Percentage | 1 | 2425076 | 4 }}
|-
| [[Welsh language|Welsh]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 19
|{{Percentage | 19 | 2425076 | 3 }}
|-
| [[Scotch language|Scotch]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 1
|{{Percentage | 1 | 2425076 | 4 }}
|-
| [[Japanese language|Japanese]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 1
|{{Percentage | 1 | 2425076 | 4 }}
|-
| [[Languages of Africa|East African Dialects]]
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 2
|{{Percentage | 2 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| Other [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] or<br>[[Dravidian languages]]
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 631
|{{Percentage | 631 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 5,886
|{{Percentage | 5886 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 42
|{{Percentage | 42 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 1,545
|{{Percentage | 1545 | 2425076 | 2 }}
|-
| Other [[Asian languages]]
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 206
|{{Percentage | 206 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| Other [[European languages]]
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 20
|{{Percentage | 20 | 2050724 | 3 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| Not returned
| 2
|{{Percentage | 2 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 1,239
|{{Percentage | 1239 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! Total
! 1,955,515
! {{Percentage | 1955515 | 1955515 | 2 }}
! 2,281,708
! {{Percentage | 2281708 | 2281708 | 2 }}
! 2,050,724
! {{Percentage | 2050724 | 2050724 | 2 }}
! 2,196,933
! {{Percentage | 2196933 | 2196933 | 2 }}
! 2,251,340
! {{Percentage | 2251340 | 2251340 | 2 }}
! 2,425,076
! {{Percentage | 2425076 | 2425076 | 2 }}
|}

==== Districts ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Language in the Districts of North–West Frontier Province (1931)<ref name="NWFP1931"/>{{rp|357}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Districts of British India|District]]
! colspan="2" |[[Pashto]]
! colspan="2" |[[Greater Punjabi]]{{efn|name=PunjabiLanguages}}
! colspan="2" |[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]
! colspan="2" |[[English language|English]]
! colspan="2" |[[Persian language|Persian]]
! colspan="2" |Others
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Peshawar District]]
| 781,773
| {{Percentage | 781773 | 974321 | 2 }}
| 167,994
| {{Percentage | 167994 | 974321 | 2 }}
| 11,798
| {{Percentage | 11798 | 974321 | 2 }}
| 5,864
| {{Percentage | 5864 | 974321 | 2 }}
| 3,952
| {{Percentage | 3952 | 974321 | 2 }}
| 2,940
| {{Percentage | 2940 | 974321 | 2 }}
! 974,321
! {{Percentage | 974321 | 974321 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hazara District]]
| 29,375
| {{Percentage | 29375 | 670117 | 2 }}
| 630,704
| {{Percentage | 630704 | 670117 | 2 }}
| 4,113
| {{Percentage | 4113 | 670117 | 2 }}
| 257
| {{Percentage | 257 | 670117 | 2 }}
| 24
| {{Percentage | 24 | 670117 | 2 }}
| 5,644
| {{Percentage | 5644 | 670117 | 2 }}
! 670,117
! {{Percentage | 670117 | 670117 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan District]]
| 53,643
| {{Percentage | 53643 | 274064 | 2 }}
| 217,561
| {{Percentage | 217561 | 274064 | 2 }}
| 419
| {{Percentage | 419 | 274064 | 2 }}
| 336
| {{Percentage | 336 | 274064 | 2 }}
| 1,678
| {{Percentage | 1678 | 274064 | 2 }}
| 427
| {{Percentage | 427 | 274064 | 2 }}
! 274,064
! {{Percentage | 274064 | 274064 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bannu District]]
| 228,381
| {{Percentage | 228381 | 270301 | 2 }}
| 39,814
| {{Percentage | 39814 | 270301 | 2 }}
| 1,181
| {{Percentage | 1181 | 270301 | 2 }}
| 556
| {{Percentage | 556 | 270301 | 2 }}
| 13
| {{Percentage | 13 | 270301 | 2 }}
| 356
| {{Percentage | 356 | 270301 | 2 }}
! 270,301
! {{Percentage | 270301 | 270301 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kohat District]]
| 186,299
| {{Percentage | 186299 | 236273 | 2 }}
| 46,832
| {{Percentage | 46832 | 236273 | 2 }}
| 1,710
| {{Percentage | 1710 | 236273 | 2 }}
| 839
| {{Percentage | 839 | 236273 | 2 }}
| 363
| {{Percentage | 363 | 236273 | 2 }}
| 230
| {{Percentage | 230 | 236273 | 2 }}
! 236,273
! {{Percentage | 236273 | 236273 | 2 }}
|-
! Total
! 1,279,471
! {{Percentage | 1,279,471 | 2425076 | 2 }}
! 1,102,905
! {{Percentage | 1102905 | 2425076 | 2 }}
! 19,221
! {{Percentage | 19,221 | 2425076 | 2 }}
! 7,852
! {{Percentage | 7,852 | 2425076 | 2 }}
! 6,030
! {{Percentage | 6030 | 2425076 | 2 }}
! 9,597
! {{Percentage | 9597 | 2425076 | 2 }}
! 2,425,076
! {{Percentage | 2425076 | 2425076 | 2 }}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Language in the Districts of North–West Frontier Province (1921)<ref name="NWFP1921"/>{{rp|370}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Districts of British India|District]]
! colspan="2" |[[Pashto]]
! colspan="2" |[[Greater Punjabi]]{{efn|name=PunjabiLanguages}}
! colspan="2" |[[Gujari language|Gujari]]
! colspan="2" |[[English language|English]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]
! colspan="2" |Others
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Peshawar District]]
| 738,325
| {{Percentage | 738325 | 907367 | 2 }}
| 153,904
| {{Percentage | 153904 | 907367 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 907367 | 2 }}
| 7,137
| {{Percentage | 7137 | 907367 | 2 }}
| 6,041
| {{Percentage | 6041 | 907367 | 2 }}
| 1,960
| {{Percentage | 1960 | 907367 | 2 }}
! 907,367
! {{Percentage | 907367 | 907367 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hazara District]]
| 31,975
| {{Percentage | 31975 | 622349 | 2 }}
| 562,298
| {{Percentage | 562298 | 622349 | 2 }}
| 22,637
| {{Percentage | 22637 | 622349 | 2 }}
| 355
| {{Percentage | 355 | 622349 | 2 }}
| 445
| {{Percentage | 445 | 622349 | 2 }}
| 4,639
| {{Percentage | 4639 | 622349 | 2 }}
! 622,349
! {{Percentage | 622349 | 622349 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan District]]
| 59,211
| {{Percentage | 59211 | 260767 | 2 }}
| 200,035
| {{Percentage | 200035 | 260767 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 260767 | 2 }}
| 1,237
| {{Percentage | 1237 | 260767 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 260767 | 2 }}
| 284
| {{Percentage | 284 | 260767 | 2 }}
! 260,767
! {{Percentage | 260767 | 260767 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bannu District]]
| 201,592
| {{Percentage | 201592 | 246734 | 2 }}
| 44,773
| {{Percentage | 44773 | 246734 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 246734 | 2 }}
| 187
| {{Percentage | 187 | 246734 | 2 }}
| 48
| {{Percentage | 48 | 246734 | 2 }}
| 134
| {{Percentage | 134 | 246734 | 2 }}
! 246,734
! {{Percentage | 246734 | 246734 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kohat District]]
| 171,223
| {{Percentage | 171223 | 214123 | 2 }}
| 39,245
| {{Percentage | 39245 | 214123 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 214123 | 2 }}
| 846
| {{Percentage | 846 | 214123 | 2 }}
| 2,280
| {{Percentage | 2280 | 214123 | 2 }}
| 529
| {{Percentage | 529 | 214123 | 2 }}
! 214,123
! {{Percentage | 214123 | 214123 | 2 }}
|-
! Total
! 1,202,326
! {{Percentage | 1202326 | 2251340 | 2 }}
! 1,000,255
! {{Percentage | 1000255 | 2251340 | 2 }}
! 22,637
! {{Percentage | 22637 | 2251340 | 2 }}
! 9,762
! {{Percentage | 9762 | 2251340 | 2 }}
! 8,814
! {{Percentage | 8814 | 2251340 | 2 }}
! 7,546
! {{Percentage | 7546 | 2251340 | 2 }}
! 2,251,340
! {{Percentage | 2251340 | 2251340 | 2 }}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Language in the Districts of North–West Frontier Province (1911)<ref name="NWFP1911"/>{{rp|330}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Districts of British India|District]]
! colspan="2" |[[Pashto]]
! colspan="2" |[[Greater Punjabi]]{{efn|name=PunjabiLanguages}}
! colspan="2" |[[Gujari language|Gujari]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]
! colspan="2" |[[English language|English]]
! colspan="2" |Others
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Peshawar District]]
| 709,465
| {{Percentage | 709465 | 865009 | 2 }}
| 134,962
| {{Percentage | 134962 | 865009 | 2 }}
| 27
| {{Percentage | 27 | 865009 | 2 }}
| 11,224
| {{Percentage | 11224 | 865009 | 2 }}
| 5,028
| {{Percentage | 5028 | 865009 | 2 }}
| 4,303
| {{Percentage | 4303 | 865009 | 2 }}
! 865,009
! {{Percentage | 865009 | 865009 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hazara District]]
| 29,151
| {{Percentage | 29151 | 603028 | 2 }}
| 542,131
| {{Percentage | 542131 | 603028 | 2 }}
| 25,641
| {{Percentage | 25641 | 603028 | 2 }}
| 515
| {{Percentage | 515 | 603028 | 2 }}
| 144
| {{Percentage | 144 | 603028 | 2 }}
| 5,446
| {{Percentage | 5446 | 603028 | 2 }}
! 603,028
! {{Percentage | 603028 | 603028 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan District]]
| 71,015
| {{Percentage | 71015 | 256120 | 2 }}
| 182,139
| {{Percentage | 182139 | 256120 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 256120 | 2 }}
| 2,531
| {{Percentage | 2531 | 256120 | 2 }}
| 247
| {{Percentage | 247 | 256120 | 2 }}
| 188
| {{Percentage | 188 | 256120 | 2 }}
! 256,120
! {{Percentage | 256120 | 256120 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bannu District]]
| 218,845
| {{Percentage | 218845 | 250086 | 2 }}
| 29,875
| {{Percentage | 29875 | 250086 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 250086 | 2 }}
| 1,204
| {{Percentage | 1204 | 250086 | 2 }}
| 121
| {{Percentage | 121 | 250086 | 2 }}
| 41
| {{Percentage | 41 | 250086 | 2 }}
! 250,086
! {{Percentage | 250086 | 250086 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kohat District]]
| 193,383
| {{Percentage | 193383 | 222690 | 2 }}
| 27,258
| {{Percentage | 27258 | 222690 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 222690 | 2 }}
| 1,521
| {{Percentage | 1521 | 222690 | 2 }}
| 180
| {{Percentage | 180 | 222690 | 2 }}
| 348
| {{Percentage | 348 | 222690 | 2 }}
! 222,690
! {{Percentage | 222690 | 222690 | 2 }}
|-
! Total
! 1,221,859
! {{Percentage | 1221859 | 2196933 | 2 }}
! 916,365
! {{Percentage | 916365 | 2196933 | 2 }}
! 25,668
! {{Percentage | 25668 | 2196933 | 2 }}
! 16,995
! {{Percentage | 16995 | 2196933 | 2 }}
! 5,720
! {{Percentage | 5720 | 2196933 | 2 }}
! 10,326
! {{Percentage | 10326 | 2196933 | 2 }}
! 2,196,933
! {{Percentage | 2196933 | 2196933 | 2 }}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Language in the Districts of North–West Frontier Province (1901)<ref name="NWFP1901"/>{{rp|181}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Districts of British India|District]]
! colspan="2" |[[Pashto]]
! colspan="2" |[[Greater Punjabi]]{{efn|name=PunjabiLanguages}}
! colspan="2" |[[Gujari language|Gujari]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]
! colspan="2" |[[English language|English]]
! colspan="2" |Others
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Peshawar District]]
| 619,025
| {{Percentage | 619025 | 788707 | 2 }}
| 153,637
| {{Percentage | 153637 | 788707 | 2 }}
| 55
| {{Percentage | 55 | 788707 | 2 }}
| 8,620
| {{Percentage | 8620 | 788707 | 2 }}
| 4,058
| {{Percentage | 4058 | 788707 | 2 }}
| 3,312
| {{Percentage | 3312 | 788707 | 2 }}
! 788,707
! {{Percentage | 788707 | 788707 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hazara District]]
| 31,564
| {{Percentage | 31564 | 560288 | 2 }}
| 471,474
| {{Percentage | 471474 | 560288 | 2 }}
| 52,966
| {{Percentage | 52966 | 560288 | 2 }}
| 1,114
| {{Percentage | 1114 | 560288 | 2 }}
| 89
| {{Percentage | 89 | 560288 | 2 }}
| 3,081
| {{Percentage | 3081 | 560288 | 2 }}
! 560,288
! {{Percentage | 560288 | 560288 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan District]]
| 73,132
| {{Percentage | 73132 | 252379 | 2 }}
| 174,632
| {{Percentage | 174632 | 252379 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 252379 | 2 }}
| 1,949
| {{Percentage | 1949 | 252379 | 2 }}
| 159
| {{Percentage | 159 | 252379 | 2 }}
| 2,507
| {{Percentage | 2507 | 252379 | 2 }}
! 252,379
! {{Percentage | 252379 | 252379 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bannu District]]
| 195,820
| {{Percentage | 195820 | 231485 | 2 }}
| 33,656
| {{Percentage | 33656 | 231485 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 231485 | 2 }}
| 1,714
| {{Percentage | 1714 | 231485 | 2 }}
| 124
| {{Percentage | 124 | 231485 | 2 }}
| 171
| {{Percentage | 171 | 231485 | 2 }}
! 231,485
! {{Percentage | 231485 | 231485 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kohat District]]
| 169,065
| {{Percentage | 169065 | 217865 | 2 }}
| 43,205
| {{Percentage | 43205 | 217865 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 217865 | 2 }}
| 2,201
| {{Percentage | 2201 | 217865 | 2 }}
| 171
| {{Percentage | 171 | 217865 | 2 }}
| 3,223
| {{Percentage | 3223 | 217865 | 2 }}
! 217,865
! {{Percentage | 217865 | 217865 | 2 }}
|-
! Total
! 1,088,606
! {{Percentage | 1088606 | 2050724 | 2 }}
! 876,604
! {{Percentage | 876604 | 2050724 | 2 }}
! 53,021
! {{Percentage | 53021 | 2050724 | 2 }}
! 15,598
! {{Percentage | 15598 | 2050724 | 2 }}
! 4,601
! {{Percentage | 4601 | 2050724 | 2 }}
! 12,294
! {{Percentage | 12294 | 2050724 | 2 }}
! 2,050,724
! {{Percentage | 2050724 | 2050724 | 2 }}
|}

=== Religion ===
{{see also|Hinduism in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa}}
Religious counts below is for the entirety of NWFP ([[Hazara District|Hazara]], [[Mardan District|Mardan]], [[Peshawar District|Peshawar]], [[Kohat District|Kohat]], [[Bannu District|Bannu]], and [[Dera Ismail Khan District|Dera Ismail Khan]]). The [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas|Agencies and Tribal Areas]] constituted a separate [[administrative division]] where religious composition was not enumerated, except at small Trans-Frontier Posts in the region.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in North–West Frontier Province (1855–1941)
! rowspan="2" |Religious<br>group
! colspan="2" |1855<ref name="NWFP1855"/>{{rp|31}}
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="NWFP1881"/>{{rp|17–18}}
! colspan="2" |1891<ref name="NWFP1891"/>{{rp|14–15}}
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="NWFP1901"/>{{rp|34-36}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="NWFP1911"/>{{rp|307–308}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="NWFP1921"/>{{rp|345–346}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="NWFP1931"/>{{rp|373–375}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="NWFP1941"/>{{rp|22}}
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 1,099,134{{efn|Includes all [[Abrahamic religions]] and others ([[Islam]], [[Christianity]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], others).}}
|{{Percentage | 1099134 | 1209736 | 2 }}
| 1,787,341
|{{Percentage | 1787341 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 2,088,015
|{{Percentage | 2088015 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 1,890,479
|{{Percentage | 1890479 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 2,039,994
|{{Percentage | 2039994 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 2,062,786
|{{Percentage | 2062786 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 2,227,303
|{{Percentage | 2227303 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 2,788,797
|{{Percentage | 2788797 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
| 110,602{{efn|Includes all [[Dharmic faith|Dharmic religions]] ([[Hinduism]], [[Sikhism]], [[Jainism]], [[Buddhism]], others).}}
|{{Percentage | 110602 | 1209736 | 2 }}
| 154,081
|{{Percentage | 154081 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 166,984
|{{Percentage | 166984 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 129,306
|{{Percentage | 129306 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 119,942
|{{Percentage | 119942 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 149,881
|{{Percentage | 149881 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 142,977
|{{Percentage | 142977 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 180,321 
|{{Percentage | 180321 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 9,205
|{{Percentage | 9205 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 21,110
|{{Percentage | 21110 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 25,733
|{{Percentage | 25733 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 30,345
|{{Percentage | 30345 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 28,040
|{{Percentage | 28040 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 42,510
|{{Percentage | 42510 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 57,939
|{{Percentage | 57939 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 4,725
|{{Percentage | 4725 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 5,437
|{{Percentage | 5437 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 5,119
|{{Percentage | 5119 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 6,585
|{{Percentage | 6585 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 10,610
|{{Percentage | 10610 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 12,213
|{{Percentage | 12213 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 10,889
|{{Percentage | 10889 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 106
|{{Percentage | 106 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 108
|{{Percentage | 108 | 2281708 | 3 }}
| 37
|{{Percentage | 37 | 2050724 | 3 }}
| 4
|{{Percentage | 4 | 2196933 | 4 }}
| 3
|{{Percentage | 3 | 2251340 | 4 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 1
|{{Percentage | 1 | 3038067 | 4 }}
|-
| [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 52
|{{Percentage | 52 | 1955515 | 3 }}
| 48
|{{Percentage | 48 | 2281708 | 3 }}
| 46
|{{Percentage | 46 | 2050724 | 3 }}
| 49
|{{Percentage | 49 | 2196933 | 3 }}
| 20
|{{Percentage | 20 | 2251340 | 3 }}
| 60
|{{Percentage | 60 | 2425076 | 3 }}
| 24
|{{Percentage | 24 | 3038067 | 3 }}
|-
| [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 1955515 | 2 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2281708 | 2 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 2
|{{Percentage | 2 | 2425076 | 4 }}
| 25
|{{Percentage | 25 | 3038067 | 3 }}
|-
| [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 4
|{{Percentage | 4 | 2281708 | 4 }}
| 4
|{{Percentage | 4 | 2050724 | 4 }}
| 14
|{{Percentage | 14 | 2196933 | 3 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 11
|{{Percentage | 11 | 2425076 | 4 }}
| 71
|{{Percentage | 71 | 3038067 | 3 }}
|-
| Others
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 5
|{{Percentage | 5 | 1955515 | 4 }}
| 2
|{{Percentage | 2 | 2281708 | 4 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2050724 | 2 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2196933 | 2 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2251340 | 2 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|-
! Total Population
! 1,209,736
! {{Percentage | 1209736 | 1209736 | 2 }}
! 1,955,515
! {{Percentage | 1955515 | 1955515 | 2 }}
! 2,281,708
! {{Percentage | 2281708 | 2281708 | 2 }}
! 2,050,724
! {{Percentage | 2050724 | 2050724 | 2 }}
! 2,196,933
! {{Percentage | 2196933 | 2196933 | 2 }}
! 2,251,340
! {{Percentage | 2251340 | 2251340 | 2 }}
! 2,425,076
! {{Percentage | 2425076 | 2425076 | 2 }}
! 3,038,067
! {{Percentage | 3038067 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|}

Adherents of Islam who were indigenous to frontier regions that continued to have relatively large Hindu populations, and who were also relatively recent [[Conversion to Islam|converts]], were influenced by some traditions of Hinduism; in contrast, Muslims in frontier regions that had been further influenced by [[orthodox Islam]] and converted at a much earlier date were noted in their relatively different cultural habits.
{{blockquote|{{smaller|''"The high road, along which the [[Mohammedan]] [[Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent|conquerors and rulers of India]] passed and repassed lay through the north (the [[Khyber Pass|Khyber]], [[Kurram District|Kurram]] and other routes); and it is probable that Islam never took so firm a hold of the inhabitants of the southern district as of the people to the north of them. In this connection it is interesting to notice that the [[Mussalman]] of the [[Derajat]] is less strict in his observance of the duties of his religion, such as fasts, prayers and the like, than his northern neighbours. Through [[Hazara region|Hazara]] lay the road by which the Emperors of [[Delhi]] went to and fro between the capital and their summer retreat in [[Kashmir]], and it was natural that Islam should thoroughly permeate the district. Similarly [[Kohat District|Kohat]], from its situation with regard to the [[Kurram Valley]], which at no very distant period was, nominally at least, a portion of the [[Durrani Empire|Afghan kingdom]], has been more influenced in the past by its [[Mohammedan]] neighbours to the west than have the [[Districts of British India|districts]] to the south of it. There is no need to consider here the probable date at which the bulk of the [[Pathans]] living in the Province, or rather their ancestors, were [[converted to Islam]]. It is enough to notice that they had long been Mohammadan when they settled in their present homes, and that their [[fanaticism]] and intolerance, especially in the districts where they are strongest, rendered the Province no very inviting place of residence for settlers of a different creed. If no fanaticism in its inhabitants acted as a bar to the settlement of [[Hindus]] in [[Hazara region|Hazara]], the absence of any large [[trade]] centres was at least equally efficacious. The only other district in which there is a non-Pathan element in the population in any way commensurate to that of Hazara is [[Dera Ismail Khan District|Dera Ismail Khan]]. The population here is mainly composed of tribes of Indian origin. Its conversion to [[Islam]] is of much later data; fanaticism does not exist, and no particular dislike to the Hindu seems to have existed."'' <ref name="NWFP1911"/>{{rp|64–65}}}}
|source=<small>Excerpt from the [[Census of India]] (North-West Frontier Province), 1911 AD</small>}}

Similarly, adherents of Hinduism who belonged to the various [[Caste|castes]] and [[Tribe|tribes]] who were [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous]] to the frontier regions had considerable Islamic influence, owing to their status as a [[religious minority]] in the region for centuries, and thus formed [[religious syncretism]] that incorporated aspects from both faiths into their cultures and traditions. 
{{blockquote|{{smaller|''"[[Hinduism]], as it exists in the North-West Frontier Province, is but a pale reflection of the system which flourishes in the [[United Provinces (1937–1950)|United Provinces]] and other areas to the east. Even of the [[Derajat]], where, as we have seen, the [[Hindus|Hindu]] population is proportionately most numerous, the writer of the [[Dera Ismail Khan District|Dera Ismail Khan]] [[Gazetteer]] notes, "the [[Hindus]] of this district are less particular in the matter of caste prejudices and observances than down country Hindus. Most of them will drink water that has been carried in Mussaks (skins for carrying water) or out of [[Lota (vessel)|lotas]] detached from a working [[well]]. They habitually ride on [[Donkey|donkeys]] and do a multitude of other things which an [[Orthodox Hinduism|orthodox Hindu]] would shrink from. All [[idolatrous]] observances are kept very much in the background. Except a few small images (thakurs) kept in their [[mandirs]] they have no [[Cult image|idols]] at all. Nor is it their habit to take their [[Gods in Hinduism|gods]] about in [[procession]]. No one, in fact, sees anything of their [[Worship in Hinduism|worship]]. They [[cremation|burn their dead]], and throw the ashes into the [[Indus River|Indus]]. They always keep a few of the bones, and take them, when the opportunity offers, to the [[Ganges]]... There are a good many [[Dharamshala (type of building)|dharamsalas]], [[mandirs]], and dawaras at [[Dera Ismail Khan Tehsil|Dera Ismail Khan]] and in the cis-[[Indus River|Indus]] [[Tehsil|tehsils]]."'' <ref name="NWFP1911"/>{{rp|93}}}}
|source=<small>Excerpt from the [[Census of India]] (North-West Frontier Province), 1911 AD</small>}}

Lastly, decadal census reports throughout the colonial era frequently detailed the difficulty of differentiating adherents of [[Hinduism]] with adherents of [[Sikhism]], owing to the traditional ability of the former in [[Cultural assimilation|assimilating]] and integrating followers of varied thought into Hinduism. 
{{blockquote|{{smaller|''"The [[Sikh religion]] was born out of [[Hinduism]], and fears have been expressed of its being reabsorbed into it. Truly wonderful is the strength and [[vitality]] of Hinduism. It is like the [[boa constrictor]] of the Indian forests; when a petty enemy appears to worry it, it winds round its opponent, crushes it in its folds, and finally causes it to disappear in its capacious interior. In this way, many centuries ago, [[Hinduism]] on its own ground disposed of [[Buddhism]] which was largely a [[Hindu reformation]] in this way in a [[History of India#Classical period (c. 200 BCE – c. 650 CE)|prehistoric period]] it absorbed the religion of the [[Indo-Scythians|Scythian invaders of Northern India]]; in this way it has converted [[Hindu–Islamic relations#Similarities|educated Islam in India]] into a semi-[[paganism]]; and in this way it is disposing of the reformed and once hopeful religion of [[Baba Nanak]]. [[Hinduism and Sikhism|Hinduism has embraced Sikhism]] in its folds; the still comparatively young religion is making a vigorous struggle for life, but its ultimate destruction is, it is apprehended, inevitable without State support. Notwithstanding the [[Sikh gurus|Sikh Guru's]] powerful denunciation of [[Brahmin|Brahmans]], [[secular]] [[Sikhs]] now rarely do anything without their assistance. [[Brahmin|Brahmans]] help them to be born, help them [[Anand Karaj|to wed]], help them to die and help their souls after death to obtain a state of bliss. And Brahmans, with all the deftness of [[Roman Catholic]] [[missionaries]] in [[Protestantism|Protestant]] countries have partially succeeded in persuading the Sikhs to restore to their niches the images of [[Devi]], the Queen of Heaven, and the Saints and gods of the ancient faith."'' <ref name="NWFP1911"/>{{rp|62}}}}
|source=<small>Excerpt from the [[Census of India]] (North-West Frontier Province), 1911 AD)</small>}}

==== Districts ====
{{Pie chart 
|thumb = right 
|caption = Religion in North–West Frontier Province (1941)<ref name="NWFP1941"/>{{rp|22}}
|label1 = [[Islam]]
|value1 = 91.8
|color1 = Green
|label2 = [[Hinduism]]
|value2 = 5.94
|color2 = Orange
|label3 = [[Sikhism]]
|value3 = 1.91
|color3 = DarkKhaki
|label4 = [[Christianity]]
|value4 = 0.36
|color4 = DodgerBlue
|label5 = Others{{efn|name=1941OthersTotal}}
|value5 = 0.004
|color5 = grey
}}
With rapid population growth occurring across all districts in the province, [[Mardan District]] was added to the North–West Frontier Province in 1941.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the Districts of North–West Frontier Province (1941)<ref name="NWFP1941"/>{{rp|22–23}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Districts of British India|District]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] 
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others|Including [[Jainism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Tribal religions in India|Tribals]], others, or not stated}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Peshawar District]]
| 769,589
| {{Percentage | 769589 | 851833 | 2 }}
| 51,212
| {{Percentage | 51212 | 851833 | 2 }}
| 24,030
| {{Percentage | 24030 | 851833 | 2 }}
| 6,890
| {{Percentage | 6890 | 851833 | 2 }}
| 112{{efn|Including 70 [[Jews]], 24 [[Parsis]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]]), and 18 [[Buddhists]]}}
| {{Percentage | 112 | 851833 | 2 }}
! 851,833
! {{Percentage | 851833 | 851833 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hazara District]]
| 756,004
| {{Percentage | 756004 | 796230 | 2 }}
| 30,267
| {{Percentage | 30267 | 796230 | 2 }}
| 9,220
| {{Percentage | 9220 | 796230 | 2 }}
| 737
| {{Percentage | 737 | 796230 | 2 }}
| 2{{efn|Including 2 [[Buddhists]]}}
| {{Percentage | 2 | 796230 | 4 }}
! 796,230
! {{Percentage | 796230 | 796230 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mardan District]]
| 483,575
| {{Percentage | 483575 | 506539 | 2 }}
| 10,677
| {{Percentage | 10677 | 506539 | 2 }}
| 11,838
| {{Percentage | 11838 | 506539 | 2 }}
| 449
| {{Percentage | 449 | 506539 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 506539 | 2 }}
! 506,539
! {{Percentage | 506539 | 506539 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan District]]
| 255,757
| {{Percentage | 255757 | 298131 | 2 }}
| 39,167
| {{Percentage | 39167 | 298131 | 2 }}
| 2,390
| {{Percentage | 2390 | 298131 | 2 }}
| 810
| {{Percentage | 810 | 298131 | 2 }}
| 7{{efn|Including 5 [[Buddhists]], 1 [[Jainism|Jain]], and 1 [[Jew]].}}
| {{Percentage | 7 | 298131 | 3 }}
! 298,131
! {{Percentage | 298131 | 298131 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bannu District]]
| 257,648
| {{Percentage | 257648 | 295930 | 2 }}
| 31,471
| {{Percentage | 31471 | 295930 | 2 }}
| 6,112
| {{Percentage | 6112 | 295930 | 2 }}
| 699
| {{Percentage | 699 | 295930 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 295930 | 2 }}
! 295,930
! {{Percentage | 295930 | 295930 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kohat District]]
| 266,224
| {{Percentage | 266224 | 289404 | 2 }}
| 17,527
| {{Percentage | 17527 | 289404 | 2 }}
| 4,349
| {{Percentage | 4349 | 289404 | 2 }}
| 1,304
| {{Percentage | 1304 | 289404 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 289404 | 2 }}
! 289,404
! {{Percentage | 289404 | 289404 | 2 }}
|-
! Total
! 2,788,797
! {{Percentage | 2788797 | 3038067 | 2 }}
! 180,321
! {{Percentage | 180321 | 3038067 | 2 }}
! 57,939
! {{Percentage | 57939 | 3038067 | 2 }}
! 10,889
! {{Percentage | 10889 | 3038067 | 2 }}
! 121{{efn|name=1941OthersTotal|Included 71 [[Judaism|Jews]], 25 [[Buddhism|Buddhists]], 24 [[Parsis]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]]), and 1 [[Jainism|Jain]].}}
! {{Percentage | 121 | 3038067 | 3 }}
! 3,038,067
! {{Percentage | 3038067 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the Districts of North–West Frontier Province (1931)<ref name="NWFP1931"/>{{rp|373–375}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Districts of British India|District]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] 
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Peshawar District]]
| 898,683
| {{Percentage | 898683 | 974321 | 2 }}
| 42,321
| {{Percentage | 42321 | 974321 | 2 }}
| 24,271
| {{Percentage | 24271 | 974321 | 2 }}
| 8,974
| {{Percentage | 8974 | 974321 | 2 }}
| 72{{efn|Including 59 [[Parsis]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]]), 11 [[Jews]], and 2 [[Buddhists]]}}
| {{Percentage | 72 | 974321 | 2 }}
! 974,321
! {{Percentage | 974321 | 974321 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hazara District]]
| 636,794
| {{Percentage | 636794 | 670117 | 2 }}
| 25,260
| {{Percentage | 25260 | 670117 | 2 }}
| 7,630
| {{Percentage | 7630 | 670117 | 2 }}
| 432
| {{Percentage | 432 | 670117 | 2 }}
| 1{{efn|Including 1 [[Parsi]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]])}}
| {{Percentage | 1 | 670117 | 4 }}
! 670,117
! {{Percentage | 670117 | 670117 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan District]]
| 235,707
| {{Percentage | 235707 | 274064 | 2 }}
| 35,822
| {{Percentage | 35822 | 274064 | 2 }}
| 1,878
| {{Percentage | 1878 | 274064 | 2 }}
| 657
| {{Percentage | 657 | 274064 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 274064 | 2 }}
! 274,064
! {{Percentage | 274064 | 274064 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bannu District]]
| 237,674
| {{Percentage | 237674 | 270301 | 2 }}
| 26,181
| {{Percentage | 26181 | 270301 | 2 }}
| 5,482
| {{Percentage | 5482 | 270301 | 2 }}
| 964
| {{Percentage | 964 | 270301 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 270301 | 2 }}
! 270,301
! {{Percentage | 270301 | 270301 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kohat District]]
| 218,445
| {{Percentage | 218445 | 236273 | 2 }}
| 13,393
| {{Percentage | 13393 | 236273 | 2 }}
| 3,249
| {{Percentage | 3249 | 236273 | 2 }}
| 1,186
| {{Percentage | 1186 | 236273 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 236273 | 2 }}
! 236,273
! {{Percentage | 236273 | 236273 | 2 }}
|-
! Total
! 2,227,303
! {{Percentage | 2227303 | 2425076 | 2 }}
! 142,977
! {{Percentage | 142977 | 2425076 | 2 }}
! 42,510
! {{Percentage | 42510 | 2425076 | 2 }}
! 12,213
! {{Percentage | 12213 | 2425076 | 2 }}
! 73{{efn|name=1931OthersTotal|Included 60 [[Parsis]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]]), 11 [[Judaism|Jews]], and 2 [[Buddhism|Buddhists]].}}
! {{Percentage | 73 | 2425076 | 3 }}
! 2,425,076
! {{Percentage | 2425076 | 2425076 | 2 }}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the Districts of North–West Frontier Province (1921)<ref name="NWFP1921"/>{{rp|344–346}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Districts of British India|District]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] 
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Peshawar District]]
| 836,222
| {{Percentage | 836222 | 907367 | 2 }}
| 48,144
| {{Percentage | 48144 | 907367 | 2 }}
| 15,326
| {{Percentage | 15326 | 907367 | 2 }}
| 7,652
| {{Percentage | 7652 | 907367 | 2 }}
| 23{{efn|name=1921OthersTotal}}
| {{Percentage | 23 | 907367 | 3 }}
! 907,367
! {{Percentage | 907367 | 907367 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hazara District]]
| 591,058
| {{Percentage | 591058 | 622349 | 2 }}
| 26,038
| {{Percentage | 26038 | 622349 | 2 }}
| 4,850
| {{Percentage | 4850 | 622349 | 2 }}
| 403
| {{Percentage | 403 | 622349 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 622349 | 2 }}
! 622,349
! {{Percentage | 622349 | 622349 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan District]]
| 218,315
| {{Percentage | 218315 | 260767 | 2 }}
| 39,311
| {{Percentage | 39311 | 260767 | 2 }}
| 1,904
| {{Percentage | 1904 | 260767 | 2 }}
| 1,237
| {{Percentage | 1237 | 260767 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 260767 | 2 }}
! 260,767
! {{Percentage | 260767 | 260767 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bannu District]]
| 219,695
| {{Percentage | 219695 | 246734 | 2 }}
| 23,509
| {{Percentage | 23509 | 246734 | 2 }}
| 3,286
| {{Percentage | 3286 | 246734 | 2 }}
| 244
| {{Percentage | 244 | 246734 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 246734 | 2 }}
! 246,734
! {{Percentage | 246734 | 246734 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kohat District]]
| 197,496
| {{Percentage | 197496 | 214123 | 2 }}
| 12,879
| {{Percentage | 12879 | 214123 | 2 }}
| 2,674
| {{Percentage | 2674 | 214123 | 2 }}
| 1,074
| {{Percentage | 1074 | 214123 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 214123 | 2 }}
! 214,123
! {{Percentage | 214123 | 214123 | 2 }}
|-
! Total
! 2,062,786
! {{Percentage | 2062786 | 2251340 | 2 }}
! 149,881
! {{Percentage | 149881 | 2251340 | 2 }}
! 28,040
! {{Percentage | 28040 | 2251340 | 2 }}
! 10,610
! {{Percentage | 10610 | 2251340 | 2 }}
! 23{{efn|name=1921OthersTotal|Included 20 [[Parsis]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]]) and 3 [[Jainism|Jains]].}}
! {{Percentage | 23 | 2251340 | 3 }}
! 2,251,340
! {{Percentage | 2251340 | 2251340 | 2 }}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the Districts of North–West Frontier Province (1881)<ref name="NWFP1881"/>{{rp|17–18}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Districts of British India|District]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] 
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Peshawar District]]
| 546,117
| {{Percentage | 546117 | 592674 | 2 }}
| 39,321
| {{Percentage | 39321 | 592674 | 2 }}
| 3,103
| {{Percentage | 3103 | 592674 | 2 }}
| 4,088
| {{Percentage | 4088 | 592674 | 2 }}
| 45{{efn|Included 39 [[Parsis]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]]), 3 [[Jainism|Jains]], and 3 Others.}}
| {{Percentage | 45 | 592674 | 2 }}
! 592,674
! {{Percentage | 592674 | 592674 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan District]]
| 385,244
| {{Percentage | 385244 | 441649 | 2 }}
| 54,446
| {{Percentage | 54446 | 441649 | 2 }}
| 1,691
| {{Percentage | 1691 | 441649 | 2 }}
| 253
| {{Percentage | 253 | 441649 | 2 }}
| 15{{efn|Included 13 [[Parsis]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]]), and 2 [[Jainism|Jains]].}}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 441649 | 2 }}
! 441,649
! {{Percentage | 441649 | 441649 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hazara District]]
| 385,759
| {{Percentage | 385759 | 407075 | 2 }}
| 19,843
| {{Percentage | 19843 | 407075 | 2 }}
| 1,381
| {{Percentage | 1381 | 407075 | 2 }}
| 90
| {{Percentage | 90 | 407075 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 407075 | 2 }}
! 407,075
! {{Percentage | 407075 | 407075 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bannu District]]
| 301,002
| {{Percentage | 301002 | 332577 | 2 }}
| 30,643
| {{Percentage | 30643 | 332577 | 2 }}
| 790
| {{Percentage | 790 | 332577 | 2 }}
| 82
| {{Percentage | 82 | 332577 | 2 }}
| 60{{efn|Included 60 [[Jainism|Jains]].}}
| {{Percentage | 60 | 332577 | 2 }}
! 332,577
! {{Percentage | 332577 | 332577 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kohat District]]
| 169,219
| {{Percentage | 169219 | 181540 | 2 }}
| 9,828
| {{Percentage | 9828 | 181540 | 2 }}
| 2,240
| {{Percentage | 2240 | 181540 | 2 }}
| 212
| {{Percentage | 212 | 181540 | 2 }}
| 41{{efn|Included 41 [[Jainism|Jains]].}}
| {{Percentage | 41 | 181540 | 2 }}
! 181,540
! {{Percentage | 181540 | 181540 | 2 }}
|-
! Total
! 1,787,341
! {{Percentage | 1787341 | 1955515 | 2 }}
! 154,081
! {{Percentage | 154081 | 1955515 | 2 }}
! 9,205
! {{Percentage | 9205 | 1955515 | 2 }}
! 4,725
! {{Percentage | 4725 | 1955515 | 2 }}
! 163{{efn|name=1881OthersTotal|Included 106 [[Jainism|Jains]], 52 [[Parsis]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]]) and 3 Others.}}
! {{Percentage | 163 | 1955515 | 2 }}
! 1,955,515
! {{Percentage | 1955515 | 1955515 | 2 }}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the Districts of North–West Frontier Province (1855)<ref name="NWFP1855"/>{{rp|31}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Districts of British India|District]]
! colspan="2" |[[Abrahamic religions]] & Others<br>([[Islam]], [[Christianity]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], others)
! colspan="2" |[[Dharmic faith|Dharmic religions]]<br>([[Hinduism]], [[Sikhism]], [[Jainism]], [[Buddhism]], others)
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Peshawar District]]
| 403,534
| {{Percentage | 403534 | 450099 | 2 }}
| 46,565
| {{Percentage | 46565 | 450099 | 2 }}
! 450,099
! {{Percentage | 450099 | 450099 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan District]]
| 323,071
| {{Percentage | 323071 | 362041 | 2 }}
| 38,970
| {{Percentage | 38970 | 362041 | 2 }}
! 362,041
! {{Percentage | 362041 | 362041 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hazara District]]
| 276,927
| {{Percentage | 276927 | 296364 | 2 }}
| 19,437
| {{Percentage | 19437 | 296364 | 2 }}
! 296,364
! {{Percentage | 296364 | 296364 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kohat District]]
| 95,602
| {{Percentage | 95602 | 101232 | 2 }}
| 5,630
| {{Percentage | 5630 | 101232 | 2 }}
! 101,232
! {{Percentage | 101232 | 101232 | 2 }}
|-
! Total
! 1,099,134
! {{Percentage | 1099134 | 1209736 | 2 }}
! 110,602
! {{Percentage | 110602 | 1209736 | 2 }}
! 1,209,736
! {{Percentage | 1209736 | 1209736 | 2 }}
|}

==== Tehsils ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the Tehsils of North–West Frontier Province (1941)<ref name="NWFP1941"/>{{rp|30}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Tehsil]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] 
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=Christian|[[Tehsil]] and city religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labeled as "Indian Christians" on [[Census in British India|census]]. Does not include [[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indian Christians]] or [[British Christianity|British Christians]], who were classified under "Other" category.}}
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=othersB|Including [[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indian Christians]], [[British Christianity|British Christians]], [[Jainism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Tribal religions in India|Tribals]], others, or not stated}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Peshawar Tehsil]]
| 335,871
| {{Percentage | 335871 | 389329 | 2 }}
| 33,551
| {{Percentage | 33551 | 389329 | 2 }}
| 15,454
| {{Percentage | 15454 | 389329 | 2 }}
| 2,618{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 2618 | 389329 | 2 }}
| 1,835{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 1835 | 389329 | 2 }}
! 389,329
! {{Percentage | 389329 | 389329 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Abbottabad Tehsil]]
| 284,228
| {{Percentage | 284228 | 308518 | 2 }}
| 17,558
| {{Percentage | 17558 | 308518 | 2 }}
| 6,035
| {{Percentage | 6035 | 308518 | 2 }}
| 278{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 278 | 308518 | 2 }}
| 419{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 419 | 308518 | 2 }}
! 308,518
! {{Percentage | 308518 | 308518 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mardan Tehsil]]
| 281,161
| {{Percentage | 281161 | 299384 | 2 }}
| 8,709
| {{Percentage | 8709 | 299384 | 2 }}
| 9,091
| {{Percentage | 9091 | 299384 | 2 }}
| 360{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 360 | 299384 | 2 }}
| 63{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 63 | 299384 | 2 }}
! 299,384
! {{Percentage | 299384 | 299384 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Charsadda Tehsil]]
| 239,634
| {{Percentage | 239634 | 244246 | 2 }}
| 2,533
| {{Percentage | 2533 | 244246 | 2 }}
| 1,940
| {{Percentage | 1940 | 244246 | 2 }}
| 127{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 127 | 244246 | 2 }}
| 12{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 12 | 244246 | 3 }}
! 244,246
! {{Percentage | 244246 | 244246 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mansehra Tehsil]]
| 237,306
| {{Percentage | 237306 | 243203 | 2 }}
| 4,910
| {{Percentage | 4910 | 243203 | 2 }}
| 965
| {{Percentage | 965 | 243203 | 2 }}
| 22{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 22 | 243203 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 243203 | 2 }}
! 243,203
! {{Percentage | 243203 | 243203 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nowshera Tehsil]]
| 194,084
| {{Percentage | 194084 | 218258 | 2 }}
| 15,128
| {{Percentage | 15128 | 218258 | 2 }}
| 6,636
| {{Percentage | 6636 | 218258 | 2 }}
| 652{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 652 | 218258 | 2 }}
| 1,758{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 1758 | 218258 | 2 }}
! 218,258
! {{Percentage | 218258 | 218258 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Swabi Tehsil]]
| 202,414
| {{Percentage | 202414 | 207155 | 2 }}
| 1,968
| {{Percentage | 1968 | 207155 | 2 }}
| 2,747
| {{Percentage | 2747 | 207155 | 2 }}
| 16{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 16 | 207155 | 2 }}
| 10{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 10 | 207155 | 3 }}
! 207,155
! {{Percentage | 207155 | 207155 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Haripur Tehsil]]
| 178,545
| {{Percentage | 178545 | 187854 | 2 }}
| 7,278
| {{Percentage | 7278 | 187854 | 2 }}
| 2,011
| {{Percentage | 2011 | 187854 | 2 }}
| 14{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 14 | 187854 | 2 }}
| 6{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 6 | 187854 | 3 }}
! 187,854
! {{Percentage | 187854 | 187854 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bannu Tehsil]]
| 157,097
| {{Percentage | 157097 | 187598 | 2 }}
| 24,517
| {{Percentage | 24517 | 187598 | 2 }}
| 5,285
| {{Percentage | 5285 | 187598 | 2 }}
| 467{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 467 | 187598 | 2 }}
| 232{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 232 | 187598 | 2 }}
! 187,598
! {{Percentage | 187598 | 187598 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Tehsil]]
| 155,100
| {{Percentage | 155100 | 187585 | 2 }}
| 30,065
| {{Percentage | 30065 | 187585 | 2 }}
| 1,740
| {{Percentage | 1740 | 187585 | 2 }}
| 195{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 195 | 187585 | 2 }}
| 485{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 485 | 187585 | 2 }}
! 187,585
! {{Percentage | 187585 | 187585 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kohat Tehsil]]
| 100,868
| {{Percentage | 100868 | 114616 | 2 }}
| 9,156
| {{Percentage | 9156 | 114616 | 2 }}
| 3,613
| {{Percentage | 3613 | 114616 | 2 }}
| 596{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 596 | 114616 | 2 }}
| 383{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 383 | 114616 | 2 }}
! 114,616
! {{Percentage | 114616 | 114616 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Teri, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Teri Tehsil]]
| 110,146
| {{Percentage | 110146 | 112709 | 2 }}
| 2,462
| {{Percentage | 2462 | 112709 | 2 }}
| 86
| {{Percentage | 86 | 112709 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 112709 | 2 }}
| 15{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 112709 | 2 }}
! 112,709
! {{Percentage | 112709 | 112709 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Lakki Marwat Tehsil|Marwat Tehsil]]
| 100,551
| {{Percentage | 100551 | 108332 | 2 }}
| 6,954
| {{Percentage | 6954 | 108332 | 2 }}
| 817
| {{Percentage | 817 | 108332 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 108332 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 108332 | 2 }}
! 108,332
! {{Percentage | 108332 | 108332 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hangu Tehsil]]
| 55,210
| {{Percentage | 55210 | 62079 | 2 }}
| 5,909
| {{Percentage | 5909 | 62079 | 2 }}
| 650
| {{Percentage | 650 | 62079 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 62079 | 2 }}
| 310{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 310 | 62079 | 2 }}
! 62,079
! {{Percentage | 62079 | 62079 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Tank Tehsil]]
| 49,847
| {{Percentage | 49847 | 55664 | 2 }}
| 5,279
| {{Percentage | 5279 | 55664 | 2 }}
| 401
| {{Percentage | 401 | 55664 | 2 }}
| 81{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 81 | 55664 | 2 }}
| 56{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 56 | 55664 | 2 }}
! 55,664
! {{Percentage | 55664 | 55664 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kulachi Tehsil]]
| 50,810
| {{Percentage | 50810 | 54882 | 2 }}
| 3,823
| {{Percentage | 3823 | 54882 | 2 }}
| 249
| {{Percentage | 249 | 54882 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 54882 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 54882 | 2 }}
! 54,882
! {{Percentage | 54882 | 54882 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Amb (princely state)|Amb Tehsil]]
| 47,288
| {{Percentage | 47288 | 47916 | 2 }}
| 433
| {{Percentage | 433 | 47916 | 2 }}
| 195
| {{Percentage | 195 | 47916 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 47916 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 47916 | 2 }}
! 47,916
! {{Percentage | 47916 | 47916 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Phulra|Phulra Tehsil]]
| 8,637
| {{Percentage | 8637 | 8739 | 2 }}
| 88
| {{Percentage | 88 | 8739 | 2 }}
| 14
| {{Percentage | 14 | 8739 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 8739 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 8739 | 2 }}
! 8,739
! {{Percentage | 8739 | 8739 | 2 }}
|-
! Total
! 2,788,797
! {{Percentage | 2788797 | 3038067 | 2 }}
! 180,321
! {{Percentage | 180321 | 3038067 | 2 }}
! 57,929
! {{Percentage | 57929 | 3038067 | 2 }}
! 5,426{{efn|name=Christian}}
! {{Percentage | 5426 | 3038067 | 2 }}
! 5,583{{efn|name=othersB}}
! {{Percentage | 5583 | 3038067 | 2 }}
! 3,038,067
! {{Percentage | 3038067 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the Tehsils of North–West Frontier Province (1931)<ref name="NWFP1931"/>{{rp|393–396}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Tehsil]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] 
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Peshawar Tehsil]]
| 240,642
| {{Percentage | 240642 | 278947 | 2 }}
| 23,538
| {{Percentage | 23538 | 278947 | 2 }}
| 9,736
| {{Percentage | 9736 | 278947 | 2 }}
| 4,991
| {{Percentage | 4991 | 278947 | 2 }}
| 40{{efn|name=OthersPeshawar1931|Including 27 [[Parsis]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]]), 11 [[Jews]], and 2 [[Buddhism|Buddhists]].}}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 278947 | 2 }}
! 278,947
! {{Percentage | 278947 | 278947 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Abbottabad Tehsil]]
| 235,454
| {{Percentage | 235454 | 253779 | 2 }}
| 13,378
| {{Percentage | 13378 | 253779 | 2 }}
| 4,599
| {{Percentage | 4599 | 253779 | 2 }}
| 347
| {{Percentage | 347 | 253779 | 2 }}
| 1{{efn|name=OthersAbbottabad1931|Including 1 [[Parsis|Parsi]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]])}}
| {{Percentage | 1 | 253779 | 2 }}
! 253,779
! {{Percentage | 253779 | 253779 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mansehra Tehsil]]
| 203,374
| {{Percentage | 203374 | 208660 | 2 }}
| 4,308
| {{Percentage | 4308 | 208660 | 2 }}
| 966
| {{Percentage | 966 | 208660 | 2 }}
| 12
| {{Percentage | 12 | 208660 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 208660 | 2 }}
! 208,660
! {{Percentage | 208660 | 208660 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mardan Tehsil]]
| 187,180
| {{Percentage | 187180 | 198561 | 2 }}
| 5,941
| {{Percentage | 5941 | 198561 | 2 }}
| 5,174
| {{Percentage | 5174 | 198561 | 2 }}
| 266
| {{Percentage | 266 | 198561 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 198561 | 2 }}
! 198,561
! {{Percentage | 198561 | 198561 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Charsadda Tehsil]]
| 173,970
| {{Percentage | 173970 | 177860 | 2 }}
| 2,145
| {{Percentage | 2145 | 177860 | 2 }}
| 1,653
| {{Percentage | 1653 | 177860 | 2 }}
| 92
| {{Percentage | 92 | 177860 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 177860 | 2 }}
! 177,860
! {{Percentage | 177860 | 177860 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Tehsil]]
| 143,559
| {{Percentage | 143559 | 171019 | 2 }}
| 25,982
| {{Percentage | 25982 | 171019 | 2 }}
| 894
| {{Percentage | 894 | 171019 | 2 }}
| 584
| {{Percentage | 584 | 171019 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 171019 | 2 }}
! 171,019
! {{Percentage | 171019 | 171019 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Haripur Tehsil]]
| 160,630
| {{Percentage | 160630 | 169735 | 2 }}
| 7,016
| {{Percentage | 7016 | 169735 | 2 }}
| 2,019
| {{Percentage | 2019 | 169735 | 2 }}
| 70
| {{Percentage | 70 | 169735 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 169735 | 2 }}
! 169,735
! {{Percentage | 169735 | 169735 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bannu Tehsil]]
| 138,152
| {{Percentage | 138152 | 161882 | 2 }}
| 17,789
| {{Percentage | 17789 | 161882 | 2 }}
| 4,979
| {{Percentage | 4979 | 161882 | 2 }}
| 962
| {{Percentage | 962 | 161882 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 161882 | 2 }}
! 161,882
! {{Percentage | 161882 | 161882 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nowshera Tehsil]]
| 142,962
| {{Percentage | 142962 | 160542 | 2 }}
| 9,271
| {{Percentage | 9271 | 160542 | 2 }}
| 4,678
| {{Percentage | 4678 | 160542 | 2 }}
| 3,599
| {{Percentage | 3599 | 160542 | 2 }}
| 32{{efn|Including 32 [[Parsis]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]]).}}
| {{Percentage | 32 | 160542 | 2 }}
! 160,542
! {{Percentage | 160542 | 160542 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Swabi Tehsil]]
| 153,929
| {{Percentage | 153929 | 158411 | 2 }}
| 1,426
| {{Percentage | 1426 | 158411 | 2 }}
| 3,030
| {{Percentage | 3030 | 158411 | 2 }}
| 26
| {{Percentage | 26 | 158411 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 158411 | 2 }}
! 158,411
! {{Percentage | 158411 | 158411 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Lakki Marwat Tehsil|Marwat Tehsil]]
| 99,522
| {{Percentage | 99522 | 108419 | 2 }}
| 8,392
| {{Percentage | 8392 | 108419 | 2 }}
| 503
| {{Percentage | 503 | 108419 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 108419 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 108419 | 2 }}
! 108,419
! {{Percentage | 108419 | 108419 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Teri, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Teri Tehsil]]
| 100,179
| {{Percentage | 100179 | 103011 | 2 }}
| 2,788
| {{Percentage | 2788 | 103011 | 2 }}
| 27
| {{Percentage | 27 | 103011 | 2 }}
| 17
| {{Percentage | 17 | 103011 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 103011 | 2 }}
! 103,011
! {{Percentage | 103011 | 103011 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kohat Tehsil]]
| 77,408
| {{Percentage | 77408 | 88310 | 2 }}
| 7,615
| {{Percentage | 7615 | 88310 | 2 }}
| 2,184
| {{Percentage | 2184 | 88310 | 2 }}
| 1,103
| {{Percentage | 1103 | 88310 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 88310 | 2 }}
! 88,310
! {{Percentage | 88310 | 88310 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kulachi Tehsil]]
| 46,709
| {{Percentage | 46709 | 51851 | 2 }}
| 4,731
| {{Percentage | 4731 | 51851 | 2 }}
| 410
| {{Percentage | 410 | 51851 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 51851 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 51851 | 2 }}
! 51,851
! {{Percentage | 51851 | 51851 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Tank Tehsil]]
| 45,439
| {{Percentage | 45439 | 51194 | 2 }}
| 5,109
| {{Percentage | 5109 | 51194 | 2 }}
| 574
| {{Percentage | 574 | 51194 | 2 }}
| 72
| {{Percentage | 72 | 51194 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 51194 | 2 }}
! 51,194
! {{Percentage | 51194 | 51194 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hangu Tehsil]]
| 40,858
| {{Percentage | 40858 | 44952 | 2 }}
| 2,990
| {{Percentage | 2990 | 44952 | 2 }}
| 1,038
| {{Percentage | 1038 | 44952 | 2 }}
| 66
| {{Percentage | 66 | 44952 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 44952 | 2 }}
! 44,952
! {{Percentage | 44952 | 44952 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Amb (princely state)|Amb Tehsil]]
| 30,742
| {{Percentage | 30742 | 31299 | 2 }}
| 509
| {{Percentage | 509 | 31299 | 2 }}
| 45
| {{Percentage | 45 | 31299 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 31299 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 31299 | 2 }}
! 31,299
! {{Percentage | 31299 | 31299 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Phulra|Phulra Tehsil]]
| 6,594
| {{Percentage | 6594 | 6644 | 2 }}
| 49
| {{Percentage | 49 | 6644 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 6644 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 6644 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 6644 | 2 }}
! 6,644
! {{Percentage | 6644 | 6644 | 2 }}
|-
! Total
! 2,227,303
! {{Percentage | 2227303 | 2425076 | 2 }}
! 142,977
! {{Percentage | 142977 | 2425076 | 2 }}
! 42,510
! {{Percentage | 42510 | 2425076 | 2 }}
! 12,213
! {{Percentage | 12213 | 2425076 | 2 }}
! 73{{efn|name=1931OthersTotal}}
! {{Percentage | 73 | 2425076 | 2 }}
! 2,425,076
! {{Percentage | 2425076 | 2425076 | 2 }}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the Tehsils of North–West Frontier Province (1921)<ref name="NWFP1921"/>{{rp|510–516}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Tehsil]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] 
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Peshawar Tehsil]]
| 225,897
| {{Percentage | 225897 | 263228 | 2 }}
| 25,414
| {{Percentage | 25414 | 263228 | 2 }}
| 8,223
| {{Percentage | 8223 | 263228 | 2 }}
| 3,671
| {{Percentage | 3671 | 263228 | 2 }}
| 23{{efn|name=1921OthersTotal}}
| {{Percentage | 23 | 263228 | 2 }}
! 263,228
! {{Percentage | 263228 | 263228 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Abbottabad Tehsil]]
| 214,720
| {{Percentage | 214720 | 232034 | 2 }}
| 13,580
| {{Percentage | 13580 | 232034 | 2 }}
| 3,344
| {{Percentage | 3344 | 232034 | 2 }}
| 390
| {{Percentage | 390 | 232034 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 232034 | 2 }}
! 232,034
! {{Percentage | 232034 | 232034 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mansehra Tehsil]]
| 195,812
| {{Percentage | 195812 | 200879 | 2 }}
| 4,592
| {{Percentage | 4592 | 200879 | 2 }}
| 468
| {{Percentage | 468 | 200879 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 200879 | 3 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 200879 | 2 }}
! 200,879
! {{Percentage | 200879 | 200879 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mardan Tehsil]]
| 161,726
| {{Percentage | 161726 | 171642 | 2 }}
| 6,846
| {{Percentage | 6846 | 171642 | 2 }}
| 2,874
| {{Percentage | 2874 | 171642 | 2 }}
| 196
| {{Percentage | 196 | 171642 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 171642 | 2 }}
! 171,642
! {{Percentage | 171642 | 171642 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Charsadda Tehsil]]
| 161,406
| {{Percentage | 161406 | 164438 | 2 }}
| 2,183
| {{Percentage | 2183 | 164438 | 2 }}
| 787
| {{Percentage | 787 | 164438 | 2 }}
| 62
| {{Percentage | 62 | 164438 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 164438 | 2 }}
! 164,438
! {{Percentage | 164438 | 164438 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Haripur Tehsil]]
| 153,645
| {{Percentage | 153645 | 161981 | 2 }}
| 7,362
| {{Percentage | 7362 | 161981 | 2 }}
| 968
| {{Percentage | 968 | 161981 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 161981 | 3 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 161981 | 2 }}
! 161,981
! {{Percentage | 161981 | 161981 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Swabi Tehsil]]
| 155,116
| {{Percentage | 155116 | 159242 | 2 }}
| 3,063
| {{Percentage | 3063 | 159242 | 2 }}
| 1,062
| {{Percentage | 1062 | 159242 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 159242 | 3 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 159242 | 2 }}
! 159,242
! {{Percentage | 159242 | 159242 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Tehsil]]
| 129,919
| {{Percentage | 129919 | 156017 | 2 }}
| 24,685
| {{Percentage | 24685 | 156017 | 2 }}
| 884
| {{Percentage | 884 | 156017 | 2 }}
| 529
| {{Percentage | 529 | 156017 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 156017 | 2 }}
! 156,017
! {{Percentage | 156017 | 156017 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nowshera Tehsil]]
| 132,077
| {{Percentage | 132077 | 148817 | 2 }}
| 10,638
| {{Percentage | 10638 | 148817 | 2 }}
| 2,380
| {{Percentage | 2380 | 148817 | 2 }}
| 3,722
| {{Percentage | 3722 | 148817 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 148817 | 2 }}
! 148,817
! {{Percentage | 148817 | 148817 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bannu Tehsil]]
| 123,384
| {{Percentage | 123384 | 142535 | 2 }}
| 16,130
| {{Percentage | 16130 | 142535 | 2 }}
| 2,777
| {{Percentage | 2777 | 142535 | 2 }}
| 244
| {{Percentage | 244 | 142535 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 142535 | 2 }}
! 142,535
! {{Percentage | 142535 | 142535 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Lakki Marwat Tehsil|Marwat Tehsil]]
| 96,311
| {{Percentage | 96311 | 104199 | 2 }}
| 7,379
| {{Percentage | 7379 | 104199 | 2 }}
| 509
| {{Percentage | 509 | 104199 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 104199 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 104199 | 2 }}
! 104,199
! {{Percentage | 104199 | 104199 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Teri, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Teri Tehsil]]
| 89,924
| {{Percentage | 89924 | 92237 | 2 }}
| 2,239
| {{Percentage | 2239 | 92237 | 2 }}
| 45
| {{Percentage | 45 | 92237 | 2 }}
| 29
| {{Percentage | 29 | 92237 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 92237 | 2 }}
! 92,237
! {{Percentage | 92237 | 92237 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kohat Tehsil]]
| 67,535
| {{Percentage | 67535 | 77171 | 2 }}
| 6,415
| {{Percentage | 6415 | 77171 | 2 }}
| 2,195
| {{Percentage | 2195 | 77171 | 2 }}
| 1,026
| {{Percentage | 1026 | 77171 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 77171 | 2 }}
! 77,171
! {{Percentage | 77171 | 77171 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Tank Tehsil]]
| 47,895
| {{Percentage | 47895 | 59637 | 2 }}
| 10,224
| {{Percentage | 10224 | 59637 | 2 }}
| 811
| {{Percentage | 811 | 59637 | 2 }}
| 707
| {{Percentage | 707 | 59637 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 59637 | 2 }}
! 59,637
! {{Percentage | 59637 | 59637 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kulachi Tehsil]]
| 40,501
| {{Percentage | 40501 | 45113 | 2 }}
| 4,402
| {{Percentage | 4402 | 45113 | 2 }}
| 209
| {{Percentage | 209 | 45113 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 45113 | 3 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 45113 | 2 }}
! 45,113
! {{Percentage | 45113 | 45113 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hangu Tehsil]]
| 40,037
| {{Percentage | 40037 | 44715 | 2 }}
| 4,225
| {{Percentage | 4225 | 44715 | 2 }}
| 434
| {{Percentage | 434 | 44715 | 2 }}
| 19
| {{Percentage | 19 | 44715 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 44715 | 2 }}
! 44,715
! {{Percentage | 44715 | 44715 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Amb (princely state)|Amb Tehsil]]
| 21,244
| {{Percentage | 21244 | 21754 | 2 }}
| 440
| {{Percentage | 440 | 21754 | 2 }}
| 70
| {{Percentage | 70 | 21754 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 21754 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 21754 | 2 }}
! 21,754
! {{Percentage | 21754 | 21754 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Phulra|Phulra Tehsil]]
| 5,637
| {{Percentage | 5637 | 5701 | 2 }}
| 64
| {{Percentage | 64 | 5701 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5701 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5701 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5701 | 2 }}
! 5,701
! {{Percentage | 5701 | 5701 | 2 }}
|-
! Total
! 2,062,786
! {{Percentage | 2062786 | 2251340 | 2 }}
! 149,881
! {{Percentage | 149881 | 2251340 | 2 }}
! 28,040
! {{Percentage | 28040 | 2251340 | 2 }}
! 10,610
! {{Percentage | 10610 | 2251340 | 2 }}
! 23{{efn|name=1921OthersTotal}}
! {{Percentage | 23 | 2251340 | 2 }}
! '''2,251,340'''
! '''{{Percentage | 2251340 | 2251340 | 2 }}'''
|}

==== Cities ====
{{Pie chart 
|thumb = right 
|caption = Religion in [[Urban area|Urban]] North–West Frontier Province (1941)<ref name="NWFP1941"/>{{rp|19}}
|label1 = [[Islam]]
|value1 = 66.26
|color1 = Green
|label2 = [[Hinduism]]
|value2 = 24.34
|color2 = Orange
|label3 = [[Sikhism]]
|value3 = 7.5
|color3 = DarkKhaki
|label4 = Others
|value4 = 1.9
|color4 = grey
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the Cities of North–West Frontier Province (1941)<ref name="NWFP1941"/>{{rp|19}}
! rowspan="2" |[[City]]/[[Urban area|Urban Area]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] 
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=Christian}}
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=othersB}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Peshawar]]{{efn|name=City}}
| 122,972
| {{Percentage | 122972 | 173420 | 2 }}
| 31,630
| {{Percentage | 31630 | 173420 | 2 }}
| 14,245
| {{Percentage | 14245 | 173420 | 2 }}
| 2,586{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 2586 | 173420 | 2 }}
| 1,987{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 1987 | 173420 | 2 }}
! 173,420
! {{Percentage | 173420 | 173420 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan]]{{efn|name=City}}
| 26,424
| {{Percentage | 26424 | 51306 | 2 }}
| 22,815
| {{Percentage | 22815 | 51306 | 2 }}
| 1,412
| {{Percentage | 1412 | 51306 | 2 }}
| 195{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 195 | 51306 | 2 }}
| 460{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 460 | 51306 | 2 }}
! 51,306
! {{Percentage | 51306 | 51306 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kohat]]{{efn|name=City}}
| 32,111
| {{Percentage | 32111 | 44977 | 2 }}
| 8,250
| {{Percentage | 8250 | 44977 | 2 }}
| 3,562
| {{Percentage | 3562 | 44977 | 2 }}
| 445{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 445 | 44977 | 2 }}
| 609{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 609 | 44977 | 2 }}
! 44,977
! {{Percentage | 44977 | 44977 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Nowshera]]{{efn|name=CityB|Includes total [[Cantonment]] and [[Notified area]] population.}}
| 28,132
| {{Percentage | 28132 | 44022 | 2 }}
| 9,831
| {{Percentage | 9831 | 44022 | 2 }}
| 4,253
| {{Percentage | 4253 | 44022 | 2 }}
| 412{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 412 | 44022 | 2 }}
| 1,394{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 1394 | 44022 | 2 }}
! 44,022
! {{Percentage | 44022 | 44022 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mardan]]{{efn|name=City}}
| 30,301
| {{Percentage | 30301 | 42494 | 2 }}
| 5,851
| {{Percentage | 5851 | 42494 | 2 }}
| 6,014
| {{Percentage | 6014 | 42494 | 2 }}
| 282{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 282 | 42494 | 2 }}
| 46{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 46 | 42494 | 2 }}
! 42,494
! {{Percentage | 42494 | 42494 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bannu]]{{efn|name=City}}
| 10,696
| {{Percentage | 10696 | 38504 | 2 }}
| 22,175
| {{Percentage | 22175 | 38504 | 2 }}
| 4,894
| {{Percentage | 4894 | 38504 | 2 }}
| 467{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 467 | 38504 | 2 }}
| 232{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 232 | 38504 | 2 }}
! 38,504
! {{Percentage | 38504 | 38504 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Abbottabad]]{{efn|name=City|Includes total Municipality and [[Cantonment]] population.}}
| 12,192
| {{Percentage | 12192 | 27424 | 2 }}
| 11,886
| {{Percentage | 11886 | 27424 | 2 }}
| 2,680
| {{Percentage | 2680 | 27424 | 2 }}
| 298{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 298 | 27424 | 2 }}
| 368{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 368 | 27424 | 2 }}
! 27,424
! {{Percentage | 27424 | 27424 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Charsadda]]
| 15,747
| {{Percentage | 15747 | 16845 | 2 }}
| 745
| {{Percentage | 745 | 16845 | 2 }}
| 294
| {{Percentage | 294 | 16845 | 2 }}
| 54{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 54 | 16845 | 2 }}
| 5{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 5 | 16845 | 2 }}
! 16,845
! {{Percentage | 16845 | 16845 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Prang, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Parang]]
| 13,494
| {{Percentage | 13494 | 13496 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 13496 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 13496 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 13496 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 13496 | 2 }}
! 13,496
! {{Percentage | 13496 | 13496 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Tangi, Pakistan|Tangi]]
| 12,456
| {{Percentage | 12456 | 12906 | 2 }}
| 444
| {{Percentage | 444 | 12906 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 12906 | 2 }}
| 4{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 4 | 12906 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 12906 | 2 }}
! 12,906
! {{Percentage | 12906 | 12906 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mansehra]]
| 8,141
| {{Percentage | 8141 | 10217 | 2 }}
| 1,699
| {{Percentage | 1699 | 10217 | 2 }}
| 375
| {{Percentage | 375 | 10217 | 2 }}
| 2{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 2 | 10217 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 10217 | 2 }}
! 10,217
! {{Percentage | 10217 | 10217 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Lakki Marwat|Lakki]]{{efn|name=CityC}}
| 5,883
| {{Percentage | 5883 | 10141 | 2 }}
| 3,710
| {{Percentage | 3710 | 10141 | 2 }}
| 548
| {{Percentage | 548 | 10141 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 10141 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 10141 | 2 }}
! 10,141
! {{Percentage | 10141 | 10141 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Utmanzai, Charsadda|Utmanzai]]
| 9,768
| {{Percentage | 9768 | 10129 | 2 }}
| 182
| {{Percentage | 182 | 10129 | 2 }}
| 171
| {{Percentage | 171 | 10129 | 2 }}
| 8{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 8 | 10129 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 10129 | 2 }}
! 10,129
! {{Percentage | 10129 | 10129 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Haripur, Pakistan|Haripur]]
| 5,174
| {{Percentage | 5174 | 9322 | 2 }}
| 3,113
| {{Percentage | 3113 | 9322 | 2 }}
| 1,035
| {{Percentage | 1035 | 9322 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 9322 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 9322 | 2 }}
! 9,322
! {{Percentage | 9322 | 9322 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Tank (city)|Tank]]{{efn|name=CityC}}
| 5,531
| {{Percentage | 5531 | 9089 | 2 }}
| 3,296
| {{Percentage | 3296 | 9089 | 2 }}
| 181
| {{Percentage | 181 | 9089 | 2 }}
| 66{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 66 | 9089 | 2 }}
| 15{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 15 | 9089 | 2 }}
! 9,089
! {{Percentage | 9089 | 9089 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Risalpur]]
| 3,506
| {{Percentage | 3506 | 9007 | 2 }}
| 3,937
| {{Percentage | 3937 | 9007 | 2 }}
| 1,024
| {{Percentage | 1024 | 9007 | 2 }}
| 333{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 333 | 9007 | 2 }}
| 207{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 207 | 9007 | 2 }}
! 9,007
! {{Percentage | 9007 | 9007 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kulachi]]{{efn|name=CityC}}
| 6,610
| {{Percentage | 6610 | 8840 | 2 }}
| 2,092
| {{Percentage | 2092 | 8840 | 2 }}
| 138
| {{Percentage | 138 | 8840 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 8840 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 8840 | 2 }}
! 8,840
! {{Percentage | 8840 | 8840 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Baffa]]{{efn|name=CityC|Includes total [[Notified area]] population.}}
| 7,166
| {{Percentage | 7166 | 7988 | 2 }}
| 735
| {{Percentage | 735 | 7988 | 2 }}
| 81
| {{Percentage | 81 | 7988 | 2 }}
| 6{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 6 | 7988 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 7988 | 2 }}
! 7,988
! {{Percentage | 7988 | 7988 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nawan Shehr]]{{efn|name=CityC}}
| 5,075
| {{Percentage | 5075 | 6414 | 2 }}
| 1,030
| {{Percentage | 1030 | 6414 | 2 }}
| 309
| {{Percentage | 309 | 6414 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 6414 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 6414 | 2 }}
! 6,414
! {{Percentage | 6414 | 6414 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kot Najeebullah|Kot Najibullah]]
| 4,228
| {{Percentage | 4228 | 5315 | 2 }}
| 929
| {{Percentage | 929 | 5315 | 2 }}
| 156
| {{Percentage | 156 | 5315 | 2 }}
| 2{{efn|name=Christian}}
| {{Percentage | 2 | 5315 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5315 | 2 }}
! 5,315
! {{Percentage | 5315 | 5315 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Cherat]]
| 270
| {{Percentage | 270 | 337 | 2 }}
| 30
| {{Percentage | 30 | 337 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 337 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 337 | 2 }}
| 12{{efn|name=othersB}}
| {{Percentage | 12 | 337 | 2 }}
! 337
! {{Percentage | 337 | 337 | 2 }}
|-
! Total<br>Urban<br>Population
! 365,877
! {{Percentage | 365877 | 552193 | 2 }}
! 134,382
! {{Percentage | 134382 | 552193 | 2 }}
! 41,399
! {{Percentage | 41399 | 552193 | 2 }}
! 5,160{{efn|name=Christian}}
! {{Percentage | 5160 | 552193 | 2 }}
! 5,335{{efn|name=othersB}}
! {{Percentage | 5335 | 552193 | 2 }}
! 552,193
! {{Percentage | 552193 | 552193 | 2 }}
|}
{{Pie chart 
|thumb = right 
|caption = Religion in [[Urban area|Urban]] North–West Frontier Province (1931)<ref name="NWFP1931"/>{{rp|257–259}}
|label1 = [[Islam]]
|value1 = 66.34
|color1 = Green
|label2 = [[Hinduism]]
|value2 = 24.12
|color2 = Orange
|label3 = [[Sikhism]]
|value3 = 6.57
|color3 = DarkKhaki
|label4 = [[Christianity]]
|value4 = 2.95
|color4 = DodgerBlue
|label5 = Others{{efn|name=1931OthersTotal}}
|value5 = 0.02
|color5 = grey
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the Cities of North–West Frontier Province (1931)<ref name="NWFP1931"/>{{rp|257–259}}
! rowspan="2" |[[City]]/[[Urban area|Urban Area]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] 
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Peshawar]]{{efn|name=City}}
| 86,369
| {{Percentage | 86369 | 121866 | 2 }}
| 21,973
| {{Percentage | 21973 | 121866 | 2 }}
| 8,630
| {{Percentage | 8630 | 121866 | 2 }}
| 4,854
| {{Percentage | 4854 | 121866 | 2 }}
| 40{{efn|name=OthersPeshawar1931}}
| {{Percentage | 40 | 121866 | 2 }}
! 121,866
! {{Percentage | 121866 | 121866 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan]]{{efn|name=City}}
| 22,321
| {{Percentage | 22321 | 40331 | 2 }}
| 16,761
| {{Percentage | 16761 | 40331 | 2 }}
| 708
| {{Percentage | 708 | 40331 | 2 }}
| 541
| {{Percentage | 541 | 40331 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 40331 | 2 }}
! 40,331
! {{Percentage | 40331 | 40331 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kohat]]{{efn|name=City}}
| 24,388
| {{Percentage | 24388 | 34350 | 2 }}
| 6,709
| {{Percentage | 6709 | 34350 | 2 }}
| 2,152
| {{Percentage | 2152 | 34350 | 2 }}
| 1,101
| {{Percentage | 1101 | 34350 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 34350 | 2 }}
! 34,350
! {{Percentage | 34350 | 34350 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bannu]]{{efn|name=City}}
| 10,607
| {{Percentage | 10607 | 30539 | 2 }}
| 15,036
| {{Percentage | 15036 | 30539 | 2 }}
| 3,947
| {{Percentage | 3947 | 30539 | 2 }}
| 949
| {{Percentage | 949 | 30539 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 30539 | 2 }}
! 30,539
! {{Percentage | 30539 | 30539 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Nowshera]]{{efn|name=CityB}}
| 19,662
| {{Percentage | 19662 | 28966 | 2 }}
| 4,675
| {{Percentage | 4675 | 28966 | 2 }}
| 3,042
| {{Percentage | 3042 | 28966 | 2 }}
| 1,560
| {{Percentage | 1560 | 28966 | 2 }}
| 27{{efn|Including 27 [[Parsis]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]])}}
| {{Percentage | 27 | 28966 | 2 }}
! 28,966
! {{Percentage | 28966 | 28966 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mardan]]{{efn|name=City}}
| 19,579
| {{Percentage | 19579 | 26279 | 2 }}
| 3,605
| {{Percentage | 3605 | 26279 | 2 }}
| 2,927
| {{Percentage | 2927 | 26279 | 2 }}
| 168
| {{Percentage | 168 | 26279 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 26279 | 2 }}
! 26,279
! {{Percentage | 26279 | 26279 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Abbottabad]]{{efn|name=City|Includes total Municipality and [[Cantonment]] population.}}
| 7,026
| {{Percentage | 7026 | 16165 | 2 }}
| 7,753
| {{Percentage | 7753 | 16165 | 2 }}
| 1,039
| {{Percentage | 1039 | 16165 | 2 }}
| 346
| {{Percentage | 346 | 16165 | 2 }}
| 1{{efn|name=OthersAbbottabad1931}}
| {{Percentage | 1 | 16165 | 2 }}
! 16,165
! {{Percentage | 16165 | 16165 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Charsadda]]
| 10,703
| {{Percentage | 10703 | 11537 | 2 }}
| 519
| {{Percentage | 519 | 11537 | 2 }}
| 287
| {{Percentage | 287 | 11537 | 2 }}
| 28
| {{Percentage | 28 | 11537 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 11537 | 2 }}
! 11,537
! {{Percentage | 11537 | 11537 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Prang, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Parang]]
| 10,211
| {{Percentage | 10211 | 10227 | 2 }}
| 16
| {{Percentage | 16 | 10227 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 10227 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 10227 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 10227 | 2 }}
! 10,227
! {{Percentage | 10227 | 10227 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Tangi, Pakistan|Tangi]]
| 8,320
| {{Percentage | 8320 | 8689 | 2 }}
| 362
| {{Percentage | 362 | 8689 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 8689 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 8689 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 8689 | 2 }}
! 8,689
! {{Percentage | 8689 | 8689 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kulachi]]{{efn|name=CityC}}
| 6,115
| {{Percentage | 6115 | 8425 | 2 }}
| 2,182
| {{Percentage | 2182 | 8425 | 2 }}
| 128
| {{Percentage | 128 | 8425 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 8425 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 8425 | 2 }}
! 8,425
! {{Percentage | 8425 | 8425 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Risalpur]]
| 3,170
| {{Percentage | 3170 | 8016 | 2 }}
| 2,900
| {{Percentage | 2900 | 8016 | 2 }}
| 314
| {{Percentage | 314 | 8016 | 2 }}
| 1,629
| {{Percentage | 1629 | 8016 | 2 }}
| 3{{efn|Including 3 [[Parsis]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]]).}}
| {{Percentage | 3 | 8016 | 2 }}
! 8,016
! {{Percentage | 8016 | 8016 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Lakki Marwat|Lakki]]{{efn|name=CityC}}
| 4,630
| {{Percentage | 4630 | 7703 | 2 }}
| 2,805
| {{Percentage | 2805 | 7703 | 2 }}
| 268
| {{Percentage | 268 | 7703 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 7703 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 7703 | 2 }}
! 7,703
! {{Percentage | 7703 | 7703 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Haripur, Pakistan|Haripur]]
| 4,253
| {{Percentage | 4253 | 7653 | 2 }}
| 2,693
| {{Percentage | 2693 | 7653 | 2 }}
| 696
| {{Percentage | 696 | 7653 | 2 }}
| 11
| {{Percentage | 11 | 7653 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 7653 | 2 }}
! 7,653
! {{Percentage | 7653 | 7653 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Baffa]]{{efn|name=CityC}}
| 6,409
| {{Percentage | 6409 | 7257 | 2 }}
| 762
| {{Percentage | 762 | 7257 | 2 }}
| 86
| {{Percentage | 86 | 7257 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 7257 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 7257 | 2 }}
! 7,257
! {{Percentage | 7257 | 7257 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Tank (city)|Tank]]{{efn|name=CityC}}
| 3,929
| {{Percentage | 3929 | 6421 | 2 }}
| 2,244
| {{Percentage | 2244 | 6421 | 2 }}
| 240
| {{Percentage | 240 | 6421 | 2 }}
| 8
| {{Percentage | 8 | 6421 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 6421 | 2 }}
! 6,421
! {{Percentage | 6421 | 6421 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mansehra]]
| 4,217
| {{Percentage | 4217 | 5780 | 2 }}
| 1,091
| {{Percentage | 1091 | 5780 | 2 }}
| 469
| {{Percentage | 469 | 5780 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 5780 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5780 | 2 }}
! 5,780
! {{Percentage | 5780 | 5780 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nawan Shehr]]{{efn|name=CityC}}
| 3,884
| {{Percentage | 3884 | 5130 | 2 }}
| 883
| {{Percentage | 883 | 5130 | 2 }}
| 363
| {{Percentage | 363 | 5130 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5130 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5130 | 2 }}
! 5,130
! {{Percentage | 5130 | 5130 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Cherat]]
| 396
| {{Percentage | 396 | 843 | 2 }}
| 158
| {{Percentage | 158 | 843 | 2 }}
| 74
| {{Percentage | 74 | 843 | 2 }}
| 213
| {{Percentage | 213 | 843 | 2 }}
| 2{{efn|Including 2 [[Parsis]] ([[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]]).}}
| {{Percentage | 2 | 843 | 2 }}
! 843
! {{Percentage | 843 | 843 | 2 }}
|-
! Total<br>Urban<br>Population
! 256,189
! {{Percentage | 256189 | 386177 | 2 }}
! 93,127
! {{Percentage | 93127 | 386177 | 2 }}
! 25,377
! {{Percentage | 25377 | 386177 | 2 }}
! 11,411
! {{Percentage | 11411 | 386177 | 2 }}
! 73{{efn|name=1931OthersTotal}}
! {{Percentage | 73 | 386177 | 2 }}
! 386,177
! {{Percentage | 386177 | 386177 | 2 }}
|}
{{Pie chart 
|thumb = right 
|caption = Religion in [[Urban area|Urban]] North–West Frontier Province (1921)<ref name="NWFP1921"/>{{rp|340–342}}
|label1 = [[Islam]]
|value1 = 63.28
|color1 = Green
|label2 = [[Hinduism]]
|value2 = 28.19
|color2 = Orange
|label3 = [[Sikhism]]
|value3 = 5.58
|color3 = DarkKhaki
|label4 = [[Christianity]]
|value4 = 2.95
|color4 = DodgerBlue
|label5 = Others{{efn|name=1921OthersTotal}}
|value5 = 0.01
|color5 = grey
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the Cities of North–West Frontier Province (1921)<ref name="NWFP1921"/>{{rp|340–342}}
! rowspan="2" |[[City]]/[[Urban area|Urban Area]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] 
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=others}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Peshawar]]{{efn|name=City}}
| 73,882
| {{Percentage | 73882 | 104452 | 2 }}
| 20,981
| {{Percentage | 20981 | 104452 | 2 }}
| 6,152
| {{Percentage | 6152 | 104452 | 2 }}
| 3,414
| {{Percentage | 3414 | 104452 | 2 }}
| 23{{efn|name=1921OthersTotal}}
| {{Percentage | 23 | 104452 | 2 }}
! 104,452
! {{Percentage | 104452 | 104452 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan]]{{efn|name=City}}
| 21,056
| {{Percentage | 21056 | 39341 | 2 }}
| 17,077
| {{Percentage | 17077 | 39341 | 2 }}
| 724
| {{Percentage | 724 | 39341 | 2 }}
| 484
| {{Percentage | 484 | 39341 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 39341 | 2 }}
! 39,341
! {{Percentage | 39341 | 39341 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kohat]]{{efn|name=City}}
| 18,898
| {{Percentage | 18898 | 27853 | 2 }}
| 5,796
| {{Percentage | 5796 | 27853 | 2 }}
| 2,139
| {{Percentage | 2139 | 27853 | 2 }}
| 1,020
| {{Percentage | 1020 | 27853 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 27853 | 2 }}
! 27,853
! {{Percentage | 27853 | 27853 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Nowshera]]{{efn|name=CityB}}
| 18,335
| {{Percentage | 18335 | 27742 | 2 }}
| 6,192
| {{Percentage | 6192 | 27742 | 2 }}
| 1,319
| {{Percentage | 1319 | 27742 | 2 }}
| 1,896
| {{Percentage | 1896 | 27742 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 27742 | 2 }}
! 27,742
! {{Percentage | 27742 | 27742 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Bannu]]{{efn|name=City}}
| 6,376
| {{Percentage | 6376 | 22261 | 2 }}
| 13,222
| {{Percentage | 13222 | 22261 | 2 }}
| 2,421
| {{Percentage | 2421 | 22261 | 2 }}
| 242
| {{Percentage | 242 | 22261 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 22261 | 2 }}
! 22,261
! {{Percentage | 22261 | 22261 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Abbottabad]]{{efn|name=City}}
| 5,007
| {{Percentage | 5007 | 13620 | 2 }}
| 7,346
| {{Percentage | 7346 | 13620 | 2 }}
| 879
| {{Percentage | 879 | 13620 | 2 }}
| 388
| {{Percentage | 388 | 13620 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 13620 | 2 }}
! 13,620
! {{Percentage | 13620 | 13620 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Mardan]]{{efn|name=CityB}}
| 5,890
| {{Percentage | 5890 | 10930 | 2 }}
| 3,220
| {{Percentage | 3220 | 10930 | 2 }}
| 1,679
| {{Percentage | 1679 | 10930 | 2 }}
| 141
| {{Percentage | 141 | 10930 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 10930 | 2 }}
! 10,930
! {{Percentage | 10930 | 10930 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Tank (city)|Tank]]{{efn|name=CityB}}
| 6,043
| {{Percentage | 6043 | 10846 | 2 }}
| 4,197
| {{Percentage | 4197 | 10846 | 2 }}
| 344
| {{Percentage | 344 | 10846 | 2 }}
| 262
| {{Percentage | 262 | 10846 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 10846 | 2 }}
! 10,846
! {{Percentage | 10846 | 10846 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Charsadda]]
| 9,710
| {{Percentage | 9710 | 10232 | 2 }}
| 484
| {{Percentage | 484 | 10232 | 2 }}
| 30
| {{Percentage | 30 | 10232 | 2 }}
| 8
| {{Percentage | 8 | 10232 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 10232 | 2 }}
! 10,232
! {{Percentage | 10232 | 10232 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Prang, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Parang]]
| 9,869
| {{Percentage | 9869 | 9886 | 2 }}
| 16
| {{Percentage | 16 | 9886 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 9886 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 9886 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 9886 | 2 }}
! 9,886
! {{Percentage | 9886 | 9886 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Tangi, Pakistan|Tangi]]
| 9,528
| {{Percentage | 9528 | 9843 | 2 }}
| 314
| {{Percentage | 314 | 9843 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 9843 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 9843 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 9843 | 2 }}
! 9,843
! {{Percentage | 9843 | 9843 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Risalpur]]
| 2,721
| {{Percentage | 2721 | 8499 | 2 }}
| 3,369
| {{Percentage | 3369 | 8499 | 2 }}
| 601
| {{Percentage | 601 | 8499 | 2 }}
| 1,808
| {{Percentage | 1808 | 8499 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 8499 | 2 }}
! 8,499
! {{Percentage | 8499 | 8499 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Kulachi]]
| 5,649
| {{Percentage | 5649 | 7895 | 2 }}
| 2,162
| {{Percentage | 2162 | 7895 | 2 }}
| 84
| {{Percentage | 84 | 7895 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 7895 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 7895 | 2 }}
! 7,895
! {{Percentage | 7895 | 7895 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Baffa]]
| 6,703
| {{Percentage | 6703 | 7603 | 2 }}
| 861
| {{Percentage | 861 | 7603 | 2 }}
| 39
| {{Percentage | 39 | 7603 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 7603 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 7603 | 2 }}
! 7,603
! {{Percentage | 7603 | 7603 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Lakki Marwat|Lakki]]
| 4,463
| {{Percentage | 4463 | 7476 | 2 }}
| 2,543
| {{Percentage | 2543 | 7476 | 2 }}
| 470
| {{Percentage | 470 | 7476 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 7476 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 7476 | 2 }}
! 7,476
! {{Percentage | 7476 | 7476 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jamrud]]
| 1,507
| {{Percentage | 1507 | 6128 | 2 }}
| 3,114
| {{Percentage | 3114 | 6128 | 2 }}
| 1,254
| {{Percentage | 1254 | 6128 | 2 }}
| 253
| {{Percentage | 253 | 6128 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 6128 | 2 }}
! 6,128
! {{Percentage | 6128 | 6128 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Haripur, Pakistan|Haripur]]
| 2,907
| {{Percentage | 2907 | 5889 | 2 }}
| 2,636
| {{Percentage | 2636 | 5889 | 2 }}
| 346
| {{Percentage | 346 | 5889 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5889 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5889 | 2 }}
! 5,889
! {{Percentage | 5889 | 5889 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Nawan Shehr]]
| 3,794
| {{Percentage | 3794 | 5092 | 2 }}
| 1,052
| {{Percentage | 1052 | 5092 | 2 }}
| 246
| {{Percentage | 246 | 5092 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5092 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5092 | 2 }}
! 5,092
! {{Percentage | 5092 | 5092 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Cherat]]
| 173
| {{Percentage | 173 | 261 | 2 }}
| 80
| {{Percentage | 80 | 261 | 2 }}
| 8
| {{Percentage | 8 | 261 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 261 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 261 | 2 }}
! 261
! {{Percentage | 261 | 261 | 2 }}
|-
! Total<br>Urban<br>Population
! 212,511
! {{Percentage | 212511 | 335849 | 2 }}
! 94,662
! {{Percentage | 94662 | 335849 | 2 }}
! 18,737
! {{Percentage | 18737 | 335849 | 2 }}
! 9,916
! {{Percentage | 9916 | 335849 | 2 }}
! 23{{efn|name=1921OthersTotal}}
! {{Percentage | 23 | 335849 | 2 }}
! 335,849
! {{Percentage | 335849 | 335849 | 2 }}
|}

=== Castes and tribes ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Castes and Tribes of North-West Frontier Province (1931–1941)
! rowspan="2" |[[Caste system in India|Caste]] or<br>[[List of Scheduled Tribes in India|Tribe]]
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="NWFP1931"/>{{rp|377–383}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="NWFP1941"/>{{rp|26}}{{efn|During the 1941 census, many traditional census datasets including caste/tribe enumeration were not extensive due to World War II.}}
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Pashtun tribes|Pathan]]
| 905,122
| {{Percentage | 905122 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 795,400
| {{Percentage | 795400 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Awan (tribe)|Awan]]
| 280,995
| {{Percentage | 280995 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 178,896
| {{Percentage | 178896 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Gurjar|Gujar]]
| 121,170
| {{Percentage | 121170 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 114,746
| {{Percentage | 114746 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Tanoli]]
| 86,003
| {{Percentage | 86003 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 113,850
| {{Percentage | 113850 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sayyid#South Asia|Sayyid]]
| 81,972
| {{Percentage | 81972 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 71,271
| {{Percentage | 71271 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jats|Jat]]
| 73,919
| {{Percentage | 73919 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 43,041
| {{Percentage | 43041 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Arora]]
| 60,283
| {{Percentage | 60283 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 17,817
| {{Percentage | 17817 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Swati (Pashtun tribe)|Swathi]]
| 46,556
| {{Percentage | 46556 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 37,245
| {{Percentage | 37245 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Tarkhan (Punjab)|Tarkhan]]
| 45,088
| {{Percentage | 45088 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Julaha]]
| 40,055
| {{Percentage | 40055 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Dhund (tribe)|Dhund]]
| 39,322
| {{Percentage | 39322 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Baloch people|Baluch]]
| 37,145
| {{Percentage | 37145 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Khatri]]
| 33,804
| {{Percentage | 33804 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 13,946
| {{Percentage | 13946 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Lohar (caste)|Lohar]]
| 28,968
| {{Percentage | 28968 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Baghban]]
| 28,422
| {{Percentage | 28422 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Qureshi]]
| 27,211
| {{Percentage | 27211 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Karlal]]
| 27,185
| {{Percentage | 27185 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Mochi (Hindu)|Mochi]]
| 26,628
| {{Percentage | 26628 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Kumhar]]
| 23,109
| {{Percentage | 23109 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Kashmiris|Kashmiri]]
| 21,704
| {{Percentage | 21704 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Nai (caste)|Nai]]
| 17,178
| {{Percentage | 17178 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Brahmin|Brahman]]
| 16,379
| {{Percentage | 16379 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 13,478
| {{Percentage | 13478 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Mughal people|Mughal]]
| 16,047
| {{Percentage | 16047 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Rajput]]
| 14,681
| {{Percentage | 14681 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Shaikhs in South Asia|Sheikh]]
| 13,046
| {{Percentage | 13046 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Dhobi]]
| 11,699
| {{Percentage | 11699 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Qassab]]
| 11,534
| {{Percentage | 11534 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Mirasi]]
| 10,869
| {{Percentage | 10869 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! Sarara
| 9,984
| {{Percentage | 9984 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Sunar (caste)|Sonar]]
| 9,532
| {{Percentage | 9532 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Chuhra]]
| 8,444
| {{Percentage | 8444 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 3,838
| {{Percentage | 3838 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Paracha]] &<br>[[Banjara]]
| 8,259
| {{Percentage | 8259 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Teli]]
| 7,174
| {{Percentage | 7174 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Gakhars|Gakhar]]
| 7,098
| {{Percentage | 7098 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Maliar]]
| 6,622
| {{Percentage | 6622 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Mallaah|Mallah]]
| 6,578
| {{Percentage | 6578 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Bhatia caste|Bhatia]]
| 6,522
| {{Percentage | 6522 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Arain]]
| 6,480
| {{Percentage | 6480 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Mashwani]]
| 6,084
| {{Percentage | 6084 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Rangrez]]
| 5,703
| {{Percentage | 5703 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! Turk
| 5,277
| {{Percentage | 5277 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Bhatiara]]
| 4,998
| {{Percentage | 4998 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Khoja]]
| 4,986
| {{Percentage | 4986 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Gurkha]]
| 4,565
| {{Percentage | 4565 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Machiyar|Machhi]]
| 4,130
| {{Percentage | 4130 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Chamar]]
| 2,901
| {{Percentage | 2901 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 12,990
| {{Percentage | 12990 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Pinjara|Penjara]]
| 2,573
| {{Percentage | 2573 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Darzi]]
| 2,177
| {{Percentage | 2177 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Jhinwar]]
| 1,108
| {{Percentage | 1108 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! Others or<br>Not Stated
| 157,787
| {{Percentage | 157787 | 2425076 | 2 }}
| 1,621,549
| {{Percentage | 1621549 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|-
! Total
! 2,425,076
! {{Percentage | 2425076 | 2425076 | 2 }}
! 3,038,067
! {{Percentage | 3038067 | 3038067 | 2 }}
|}

==See also==
* [[Frontier Regions]]
* [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]]
* [[Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* ''The Imperial Gazetteer of India'' (26 vol, 1908–31), a highly detailed description of all of India in 1901. [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/ online edition]

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110225010611/http://khyberpakhtunkhwa.gov.pk/ Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]

{{coord missing|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa}}
{{Presidencies and provinces of British India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:North-West Frontier Province (1901-1955)}}
[[Category:North-West Frontier Province| ]]
[[Category:Provinces of British India]]
[[Category:Former provinces of Pakistan]]
[[Category:History of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
[[Category:1901 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:2010 disestablishments in Pakistan]]