View source for North Asia

{{Short description|Subregion of Asia}}
{{Distinguish|Siberia}}
{{Infobox continent
|title               = North Asia
|image               = North Asia (orthographic projection).svg
|area                = {{convert|13,100,000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|population          = 37 million (2021 census)
|density             = 2.6 per km<sup>2</sup> (7.4 per mi<sup>2</sup>)
|GDP_nominal         = $600 billion (2022)<ref name=GDP>{{citation |url= https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/VRP_s_1998.xlsx 
|title=Валовой региональный продукт по субъектам Российской Федерации в 2016–2022 гг.
|publisher= rosstat.gov.ru}}</ref>
|GDP_PPP             = $1.3 trillion (2022)
|GDP_per_capita      = $16,000 (2022)
|HDI                 = 
|ethnic_groups       = Majority [[Slavs|Slavic]]<br />Minority [[Tungusic peoples|Tungusic]], [[Mongolic peoples|Mongolic]], [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]], and other [[indigenous peoples of Siberia]]
|religions           = Majority [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christian]]
|demonym             = Siberian, North Asian
|countries      = {{RUS}}
|dependencies        = 
|unrecognized        = 
|languages           = {{collapsible list | title = Official languages | [[Russian language|Russian]]}}{{collapsible list | title = Other languages | titlestyle = text-align:left;padding-right:4em;font-weight:normal;background-color:white; | bullets = true | [[Ainu languages|Ainu]] | [[Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages|Chukotko-Kamchatkan]] | [[Eskimo–Aleut languages|Eskimo–Aleut]] | [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]] | [[Nivkh languages|Nivkh]] | [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]] | [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] | [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] | [[Yeniseian languages|Yeniseian]] | [[Yukaghir languages|Yukaghir]] | ''Others''}}
|time                = {{collapsible list | title = 8 time zones | titlestyle = text-align:left;padding-right:4em;font-weight:normal;background-color:white; | bullets = true | [[UTC+05:00|UTC+5]] / [[Yekaterinburg Time|MSK+2]] | [[UTC+06:00|UTC+6]] / [[Omsk Time|MSK+3]] | [[UTC+07:00|UTC+7]] / [[Krasnoyarsk Time|MSK+4]] | [[UTC+08:00|UTC+8]] / [[Irkutsk Time|MSK+5]] | [[UTC+09:00|UTC+9]] / [[Yakutsk Time|MSK+6]] | [[UTC+10:00|UTC+10]] / [[Vladivostok Time|MSK+7]] | [[UTC+11:00|UTC+11]] / [[Srednekolymsk Time|MSK+8]] | [[UTC+12:00|UTC+12]] / [[Kamchatka Time|MSK+9]]}}
|internet            = [[.ru]]
|calling_code        = [[List of country calling codes|Zone 7]]
|cities              = {{collapsible list | title = List | titlestyle = text-align:left;padding-right:4em;font-weight:normal;background-color:white; | bullets = true | [[Barnaul]] | [[Chelyabinsk]] | [[Irkutsk]] | [[Kemerovo]] | [[Khabarovsk]] | [[Krasnoyarsk]] | [[Novokuznetsk]] | [[Novosibirsk]] (largest) | [[Omsk]] | [[Tomsk]] | [[Tyumen]] | [[Vladivostok]] | [[Yakutsk]] | [[Yekaterinburg]] | [[Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai|Chita]]}}
|m49                 = <code>151</code> – [[Eastern Europe]]<br /><code>150</code> – [[Europe]]<br /><code>001</code> – [[World]]
|footnotes           = 
}}

{{Chinese
| rus = Северная Азия
| rusr = Severnaya Aziya
}}

'''North Asia''' or '''Northern Asia''' ({{langx|ru|Северная Азия}}) is the northern region of [[Asia]], which is defined in [[geography|geographical]] terms and consists of three [[federal districts of Russia]]: [[Ural Federal District|Ural]], [[Siberian Federal District|Siberian]], and the [[Far Eastern Federal District|Far Eastern]]. North Asia is bordered by the [[Arctic Ocean]] to its north; by [[Eastern Europe]] to its west; by [[Central Asia]] and [[East Asia]] to its south; and by the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[Northern America]] to its east. It covers an area of {{Convert|13,100,000|km2|sqmi}}, or 8.8% of [[Earth]]'s total land area; and is the largest subregion of Asia by area, occupying approx. 29.4% of Asia's land area, but is also the least populated, with a population of around 37 million, accounting for merely 0.74% of Asia's population.

Topographically, the region is dominated by the [[Eurasian Plate]], except for its eastern part, which lies on the [[North American Plate|North American]], [[Amurian Plate|Amurian]], and [[Okhotsk Plate]]s. It is divided by three major plains: the [[West Siberian Plain]], [[Central Siberian Plateau]], and Verhoyansk-Chukotka collision zone. The [[Uralian orogeny]] in the west raised Ural Mountains, the informal [[boundary between Asia and Europe]]. Tectonic and volcanic activities are frequently occurred in the eastern part of the region as part of the [[Ring of Fire]], evidenced by the formation of [[Island arc|island arcs]] such as the [[Kuril Islands]] and ultra-prominent peaks such as [[Klyuchevskaya Sopka]], [[Kronotsky]], and [[Koryaksky]]. The central part of North Asia is a [[large igneous province]] called the [[Siberian Traps]], formed by a massive eruption which occurred 250 million years ago. The formation of the traps coincided with the [[Permian–Triassic extinction event]].

Geographically, North Asia is a subregion of Asia. Historically, it has been home to various [[Genetic history of East Asians|East Asian-related]] ethnic groups from a diverse range of language families, including the [[Ainu languages|Ainu]], [[Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages|Chukotko-Kamchatkan]], [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]], [[Nivkh languages|Nivkh]], [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]], [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]], [[Uralic languages|Uralic]], [[Yeniseian languages|Yeniseian]], [[Yukaghir people|Yukaghir]], and [[Eskaleut languages|Eskaleut]] peoples. However, due to the [[Russian conquest of Siberia]], the entirety of North Asia was colonised and incorporated into Russia. [[Culture of Europe|European cultural]] influences, specifically [[Russian culture|Russian]], are predominant in the entire region, due to it experiencing [[Russian conquest of Siberia|Russian emigration from Europe]] starting from the 16th century.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YKPaLi1d1O4C&q=russian+culture|title=Siberia: A Cultural History|last=Haywood|first=A. J.|date=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-975418-2|language=en}}</ref> [[Slavs]] and other [[Proto-Indo-Europeans|Indo-Europeans]] make up the vast majority of North Asia's population, and over 85% of the region's population is of [[Demographics of Siberia|European descent]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/result-december-2011.ppt |title=ВПН-2010 |website=Perepis-2010.ru |access-date=2016-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118212344/http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/result-december-2011.ppt |archive-date=2012-01-18 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm |title=ВПН-2010 |website=Gks.ru |access-date=2016-04-03}}</ref> whereas the [[Indigenous peoples of Siberia|indigenous peoples]] comprise only about 5% of the North Asian population.<ref name=census2021>{{cite web|title=Национальный состав населения|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]|access-date=30 December 2022}}</ref>

==History==
{{Further|History of human settlement in the Ural Mountains|History of Siberia|Outer Manchuria}}
[[File:Collier's new encyclopedia - a loose-leaf and self-revising reference work with 515 illustrations and ninety-six maps (1921) (14781887444).jpg|thumb|Map of Northern Asia in 1921]]

The region was first populated by [[Hominini|hominins]] in the [[Late Pleistocene]], approximately 100,000 years ago,<ref name="Slon">{{cite journal | vauthors = Slon V, Viola B, Renaud G, Gansauge M, Benazzi S, Sawyer S, Hublin J, Shunkov MV, Derevianko AP, Kelso J, Prüfer K, Meyer M, Pääbo S | title = A fourth Denisovan individual | journal = Science Advances | volume = 3 | issue = 7 | article-number = e1700186 | date = July 2017 | pmid = 28695206 | pmc = 5501502 | doi = 10.1126/sciadv.1700186 | bibcode = 2017SciA....3E0186S }}</ref> and modern humans are confirmed to arrived in the region by 45,000 years ago<ref name="SciAm">{{cite web| url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/45-000-year-old-mans-genome-sequenced/ |title= 45,000-Year-Old Man's Genome Sequenced| author= Callaway, Ewen & Nature magazine |website=Scientific American |date= 23 October 2014|access-date= 24 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|date=October 23, 2014 |title= Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia |journal=Nature |volume=514 |issue= 7523 |pages= 445–49 |doi= 10.1038/nature13810 |pmid=25341783 |pmc=4753769 |last1=Fu |first1=Q |last2=Li |first2=H |last3=Moorjani |first3=P |last4=Jay |first4=F |last5=Slepchenko |first5=SM |last6=Bondarev |first6=AA |last7=Johnson |first7=PL |last8=Aximu-Petri |first8=A |last9=Prüfer |first9=K |last10=de Filippo |first10=C |last11=Meyer |first11=M |last12=Zwyns |first12=N |last13=Salazar-García |first13=DC |last14=Kuzmin |first14=YV |last15=Keates |first15=SG |last16=Kosintsev |first16=PA |last17=Razhev |first17=DI |last18=Richards |first18=MP |last19=Peristov |first19=NV |last20=Lachmann |first20=M |last21=Douka |first21=K |last22=Higham |first22=TF |last23=Slatkin |first23=M |last24=Hublin |first24=JJ |last25=Reich |first25=D |last26=Kelso |first26=J |last27=Viola |first27=TB |last28=Pääbo |first28=S |bibcode= 2014Natur.514..445F}}</ref> with the first humans in the region having West Eurasian origins.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Kılınç|first1=Gülşah Merve|last2=Kashuba|first2=Natalija|last3=Yaka|first3=Reyhan|last4=Sümer|first4=Arev Pelin|last5=Yüncü|first5=Eren|last6=Shergin|first6=Dmitrij|last7=Ivanov|first7=Grigorij Leonidovich|last8=Kichigin|first8=Dmitrii|last9=Pestereva|first9=Kjunnej|date=2018-06-12|title=Investigating Holocene human population history in North Asia using ancient mitogenomes|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=8|issue=1|page=8969|doi=10.1038/s41598-018-27325-0|issn=2045-2322|pmc=5997703|pmid=29895902|bibcode=2018NatSR...8.8969K}}</ref>

Its [[Neolithic]] culture is characterized by characteristic stone production techniques and the presence of pottery of eastern origin.<ref name=":0" /> The [[Bronze Age]] began during the 3rd millennium BCE,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dupuy|first=Paula Doumani|title=Online Only -- Archaeology |date=2016-06-02|chapter=Bronze Age Central Asia|chapter-url=http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935413.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935413-e-15|language=en|doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935413.013.15|isbn=978-0-19-993541-3}}</ref> with influences of [[Indo-Iranians|Indo-Iranian]] cultures as evidenced by the [[Andronovo culture]]. During the 1st millennium BCE, [[Polity|polities]] such as the [[Scythians]] and [[Xiongnu]]s emerged in the region, who often clashed with its Persian and [[Dynasties in Chinese history|Chinese]] neighbors in the south.

The [[Göktürks]] dominated southern Siberia during the 1st millennium CE, while in the early 2nd millennium, the [[Mongol Empire]] and its [[Division of the Mongol Empire|successor states]] ruled the region. The [[Khanate of Sibir]] was one of the last independent [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] states in North Asia before its [[Conquest of the Khanate of Sibir|conquest]] by the [[Tsardom of Russia]] in the 16th century. Russia would then gradually [[Amur Annexation|annex]] the region into its territory until the [[Convention of Peking]] was signed in 1860.
=== History of North Asia (1923–2025) ===

==== Soviet consolidation and conflict (1923–1945) ====
Following the [[Russian Civil War]], the [[Soviet Union]] solidified control over [[Siberia]] and the [[Russian Far East]]. The [[Far Eastern Republic]], which had served as a buffer state, was dissolved and absorbed by the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]] in 1922, officially bringing the region under Soviet authority by 1923.<ref>{{cite web |title=Far Eastern Republic |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Far-Eastern-Republic |website=Britannica |access-date=2025-05-22}}</ref>

Throughout the 1930s, the Soviet Union fortified the region militarily due to increasing tensions with [[Empire of Japan|Japan]]. The [[Soviet–Japanese border conflicts]] culminated in the [[Battles of Khalkhin Gol]] in 1939, where Soviet General [[Georgy Zhukov]] led a decisive victory over Japanese forces, leading to the [[Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact]] in 1941.{{efn|See [[Soviet–Japanese border conflicts]] for further information}}

==== Cold War industrialization (1945–1991) ====
After [[World War II]], North Asia played a critical role in Soviet industrialization and military strategy. Major industrial centers were developed in [[Norilsk]], [[Novosibirsk]], and [[Irkutsk]], supported by labor from the [[Gulag]] system.{{efn|See [[History of Siberia]] for further information}}

The [[Trans-Siberian Railway]], which spanned from [[Moscow]] to [[Vladivostok]], became vital for transporting natural resources such as timber, coal, and metals to western parts of the USSR.<ref>{{cite web |title=Trans-Siberian Railway |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Trans-Siberian-Railroad |website=Britannica |access-date=2025-05-22}}</ref>

==== Post-Soviet transition and modern era (1991–2025) ====
With the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]] in 1991, Eastern Russia faced economic turmoil and depopulation. Many towns built around single industries experienced sharp decline.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Siberian Exodus |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/11/15/the-siberian-exodus-a75506 |website=The Moscow Times |access-date=2025-05-22}}</ref>

In the 2000s and 2010s, the region gained strategic importance due to its vast reserves of [[natural gas]], [[oil]], and [[mineral resources]]. Russia began expanding infrastructure such as the [[Power of Siberia]] gas pipeline to [[China]], marking a strategic pivot to Asia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Russia's Power of Siberia pipeline opens new era in energy exports |url=https://www.ft.com/content/50e0fdec-15bb-11ea-8d73-6303645ac406 |website=Financial Times |access-date=2025-05-22}}</ref>

As of the 2020s, the [[Russian government]] continues efforts to develop the Russian Far East through the "Far Eastern Hectare" program and [[Special Economic Zone|special economic zones]], though progress remains mixed due to geographic challenges and demographic decline.<ref>{{cite web |title=Russia's Far East: Empty Land, Empty Promises |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/2023/05/01/russia-s-far-east-empty-land-empty-promises-pub-89560 |website=Carnegie Endowment |access-date=2025-05-22}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{See also|Geography of Siberia}}
{{Further|Geography of Russia#Northeast Siberia and Kamchatka}}
[[File:Koryaksky Volcano (24026021905).jpg|thumb|[[Kamchatka Peninsula]]]]
[[File:Тишина озера Дюпкун.jpg|thumb|[[Putorana Plateau]]]]

For geographical and statistical reasons, the [[United Nations geoscheme]] and various other classification schemes will not subdivide countries, and thus place all of Russia in [[Europe]] or the [[Eastern Europe]] subregion. There are no mountain chains in North Asia to prevent air currents from the [[Arctic]] flowing down over the [[plain]]s of [[Siberia]] and [[Turkestan]].<ref name="Chambers">{{cite book|title=Chambers's Information for the People|url=https://archive.org/details/chamberssinform02chamgoog|author=William Chambers and Robert Chambers|publisher=W. & R. Chambers|year=1875|location=London and Edinburgh|pages=274–276|isbn=978-0-665-46914-5 }}</ref>

The [[plateau]] and plains of North Asia comprise the [[West Siberian Plain|West Siberian Lowlands]]; the [[Siberia (continent)|Angara Shield]], with the [[Taymyr Peninsula]], the coastal lowlands (the [[East Siberian Lowland]] and the [[North Siberian Lowland]]), and the [[Central Siberian Plateau]] (the [[Anabar Plateau]], the [[Lena Plateau]], the [[Lena-Angara Plateau]], the [[Putorana Plateau]], the [[Tunguska Plateau]], and the [[Vilyuy Plateau]]); and the [[Central Yakutian Lowland]].<ref name="Bridges">{{cite book |author=Edwin Michael Bridges |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/worldgeomorpholo0000brid/page/124/mode/2up |title=World Geomorphology |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-521-28965-8 |pages=124–126 |chapter=Northern Asia |chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[Western Siberia]] is usually regarded as the Northwest Asia, [[Kazakhstan]] also sometimes included there. However, Northwest Asia sometimes refers to the [[South Caucasus]] or its nearby areas.{{Source needed|date=May 2020}}

===Geomorphology===
{{Further|Geology of Asia|Geology of Russia}}

The geomorphology of Northern Asia in general is imperfectly known, although the deposits and mountain ranges are well known.<ref name="Bridges" />

To compensate for new [[seabed|sea floor]] having been created in the Siberian basin, the whole of the [[Eurasian Plate]] has pivoted about a point in the [[New Siberian Islands]], causing compression in the [[Verkhoyansk Range|Verkhoyansk mountains]], which were formed along the eastern margin of the Angara Shield by [[tectonic uplift]] during the [[Mesozoic|Mesozoic Era]]. There is a southern boundary to this across the northern margin of the [[Alps|Alpine]] folds of Afghanistan, India, Nepal, and Bhutan, which at the east of [[Brahmaputra]] turns to run south towards the [[Bay of Bengal]] along the line of the [[Naga Hills]] and the [[Arakan Yoma]], continues around [[Indonesia]], and follows the edge of the [[continental shelf]] along the eastern seaboard of [[China]]. The [[Eurasian Plate]] and the [[North American Plate]] meet across the neck of [[Alaska]], following the line of the [[Aleutian Trench]], rather than meeting at the [[Bering Straits]].<ref name="Bridges" />

Northern Asia is built around the Angara Shield, which lies between the [[Yenisey River]] and the [[Lena River]]. It developed from fragments of [[Laurasia]], whose rocks were mainly [[Precambrian]] crystalline rocks, [[gneiss]]es, and [[schist]]s, and [[Gondwana]]. These rocks can be found in the Angara Shield, Inner Mongolian-Korean Shield, Ordes Shield, and Southeast Asia Shield. The fragments have been subject to [[orogenesis]] around their margins, giving a complex of plateaux and mountain ranges. One can find [[outcrop]]s of these rocks in unfolded sections of the Shields. Their presence has been confirmed below Mesozoic and later sediments.<ref name="Bridges" />

There are three main periods of mountain building in Northern Asia, although it has occurred many times. The outer fold mountains that are on the margins of the Shields and that only affected Asia north of the line of the [[Himalayas]], are attributed to the [[Caledonian orogeny|Caledonian]] and [[Variscan orogeny|Hercynian]] orogenies of the late [[Paleozoic|Palaeozoic Era]]. The Alpine orogeny caused extensive folding and faulting of Mesozoic and early [[Tertiary (period)|Tertiary]] sediments from the [[Tethys Ocean|Tethys]] [[geosyncline]]. The Tibetan and Mongolian plateaux, and the structural basins of [[Tarim Basin|Tarim]], [[Qaidam]], and [[Junggar]], are delimited by major east–west lithospheric faults that were probably the results of stresses caused by the impact of the [[Indian Plate]] against Laurasia. Erosion of the mountains caused by this orogeny has created a large amount of sediment, which has been transported southwards to produce the [[alluvial plain]]s of India, China, and Cambodia, and which has also been deposited in large amounts in the Tarim and [[Dzungarian Basin|Dzungarian]] basins.<ref name="Bridges" />

{{physical map of Siberia|width=200}}
Northern Asia was [[glaciation|glaciated]] in the [[Pleistocene]], but this played a less significant part in the geology of the area compared to the part that it played in [[North America]] and [[Europe]]. The Scandinavian ice sheet extended to the east of the Urals, covering the northern two thirds of the Ob Basin and extending onto the Angara Shield between the [[Yenisei River]] and the [[Lena River]]. There are legacies of mountain glaciation to be found on the east Siberian mountains, on the mountains of the [[Kamchatka Peninsula]], on the [[Altai Mountains|Altai]], on [[Tian Shan]], and on other small areas of mountains, [[ice cap]]s remain on the islands of [[Severnaya Zemlya]] and [[Novaya Zemlya]], and several [[Central Asia]]n mountains still have individual glaciers. North Asia itself has [[permafrost]], ranging in depths from 30 to 600 metres and covering an area of 9.6 million km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="Bridges" />

Several of the mountainous regions are volcanic, with both the [[Koryak Mountains]] and the Kamchatka Peninsula having active [[volcano]]es. The [[Anadyr Plateau]] is formed from [[igneous rock]]s. The [[Mongolian Plateau]] has an area of [[basalt]]ic [[lava]]s and [[volcanic cone]]s.<ref name="Bridges" />

The Angara Shield also underlies the lowlands of the [[Ob River]], but to the south and east in the Central Asian mountains and in the [[East Siberian Mountains]] there are folded and faulted mountains of [[Lower Palaeozoic]] rocks.<ref name="Bridges" />

==Demographics==
{{Further|Demographics of Siberia|Indigenous peoples of Siberia|Demographics of the Russian Far East}}
[[File:125 - Wladiwostok 2015 (24056935489).jpg|thumb|260px|[[Russians]] in [[Vladivostok]], on Russia's Pacific Coast]]

Most estimates are that there are around 33 million [[Russian nationality law|Russian citizens]] living east of the [[Ural Mountains]], a widely recognized geographical divide between Europe and Asia. Of these Russian citizens of Siberia, most are [[Slavs|Slavic]]-origin [[Russians]] and Russified [[Ukrainians in Russia|Ukrainians]].<ref>"[http://www.ukrweekly.com/old/archive/2003/180304.shtml Ukrainians in Russia's Far East try to maintain community life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051255/http://www.ukrweekly.com/old/archive/2003/180304.shtml |date=2016-03-04 }}". ''The Ukrainian Weekly''. 4 May 2003.</ref> The [[Turkic peoples]] who are native to some parts of Siberia and native [[Tungusic peoples|Tungusic]] and [[Mongolic peoples]] are now a minority in North Asia due to the [[Russification]] process during the last three centuries. Russian census records indicate they make up only an estimated 10% of the region's population, with the largest being the [[Buryats]] numbering at 445,175, and the [[Yakuts]] at 443,852. According to the 2002 census, there are 500,000 [[Siberian Tatars|Tatars in Siberia]], but 300,000 of them are [[Volga Tatars]] who settled in Siberia during periods of colonization.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newasp.omskreg.ru/hist/fotatlas/rezumeen.htm|title=Фотоатлас "Сибирские татары"|date=February 27, 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020227012304/http://newasp.omskreg.ru/hist/fotatlas/rezumeen.htm|archive-date=2002-02-27}}</ref> Other ethnic groups that live in the region and make a significant portion include ethnic [[Volga Germans|Germans]] numbering about 400,000.<ref>{{cite news |title=Siberian Germans |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/siberian-germans |work=Encyclopedia.com}}</ref>

In 1875, Chambers reported the population of North Asia to be 8 million.<ref name="Chambers" /> Between 1801 and 1914, an estimated 7 million settlers moved from [[European Russia]] to [[Siberia]], 85% during the quarter-century before [[World War I]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/pss/1848991|jstor=1848991|last1=Fisher|first1=Raymond H.|title=Reviewed work: The Great Siberian Migration: Government and Peasant in Resettlement from Emancipation to the First World War, Donald W. Treadgold|journal=The American Historical Review|year=1958|volume=63|issue=4|pages=989–990|doi=10.2307/1848991|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

{{Largest cities
| country      = North Asia
| stat_ref     = <ref>{{cite web|title=Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]|access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref> [[Russian Census (2010)|2010 Census]]<ref>{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>
| list_by_pop  = <!-- link to the list of cities in the given country, if possible sorted by population -->
| div_name     = Region
| div_link     = <!-- the template will automatically create a link for "div_name of country" (e.g. Provinces of Chile), if this doesn't work you can use this field -->

| city_1 = Novosibirsk| div_1 = Siberia| pop_1 = 1,633,595| img_1 = Оперный театр4.jpg
| city_2 = Yekaterinburg| div_2 = Ural (region)| pop_2 = 1,544,376| img_2 = E-burg asv2019-05 img46 view from VysotSky.jpg
| city_3 = Chelyabinsk| div_3 = Ural (region)| pop_3 = 1,189,525 | img_3 = Кировка.jpg
| city_4 = Krasnoyarsk| div_4 = Siberia| pop_4 = 1,187,771| img_4 = Krs riverport.jpg
| city_5 = Omsk| div_5 = Siberia| pop_5 = 1,125,695
| city_6 = Tyumen| div_6 = Ural (region)| pop_6 = 847,488
| city_7 = Barnaul| div_7 = Siberia| pop_7 = 630,877
| city_8 = Khabarovsk| div_8 = Russian Far East| pop_8 = 617,441
| city_9 = Irkutsk| div_9 = Siberia| pop_9 = 617,264
| city_10 = Vladivostok| div_10 = Russian Far East| pop_10 = 603,519

}}

==Administration==
[[File:Subdivisions of Asian Russia (Siberia).jpg|thumb|Subdivisions of Asian Russia (Siberia)]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Federal Subjects
! Capital
! Area<br />km<sup>2</sup>
! Population<br />2010
|-
| [[File:Flag of Kurgan Oblast.svg|50px|border]] [[Kurgan Oblast]]
| [[Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast|Kurgan]]
| style="text-align:right;"|71,000
| style="text-align:right;"|910,807
|-
| [[File:Flag of Sverdlovsk Oblast.svg|50px|border]] [[Sverdlovsk Oblast]]
| [[Yekaterinburg]]
| style="text-align:right;"|194,800
| style="text-align:right;"|4,297,747
|-
| [[File:Flag of Tyumen Oblast.svg|50px|border]] [[Tyumen Oblast]]
| [[Tyumen]]
| style="text-align:right;"|143,520
| style="text-align:right;"|3,395,755
|-
| [[File:Flag of Yugra.svg|50px|border]] [[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug|Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Yugra)]]
| [[Khanty-Mansiysk]]
| style="text-align:right;"|534,800
| style="text-align:right;"|1,532,243
|-
| [[File:Flag of Chelyabinsk Oblast.svg|50px|border]] [[Chelyabinsk Oblast]]
| [[Chelyabinsk]]
| style="text-align:right;"|87,900
| style="text-align:right;"|3,476,217
|-
| [[File:Flag of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District.svg|50px|border]] [[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]
| [[Salekhard]]
| style="text-align:right;"|750,300
| style="text-align:right;"|522,904
|- style="background: #DDD;"
| '''[[Ural Federal District]]'''
| '''[[Yekaterinburg]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"|1,818,500
| style="text-align:right;"|12,080,526
|-
| [[File:Flag of Altai Republic.svg|50px|border]] [[Altai Republic]]
| [[Gorno-Altaysk]]
| style="text-align:right;"|92,900
| style="text-align:right;"|206,168
|-
| [[File:Flag of Altai Krai.svg|50px|border]] [[Altai Krai]]
| [[Barnaul]]
| style="text-align:right;"|168,000
| style="text-align:right;"|2,419,755
|-
| [[File:Flag of Irkutsk Oblast.svg|50px|border]] [[Irkutsk Oblast]]
| [[Irkutsk]]
| style="text-align:right;"|774,800
| style="text-align:right;"|2,248,750
|-
| [[File:Flag of Kemerovo Oblast.svg|50px|border]] [[Kemerovo Oblast]]
| [[Kemerovo]]
| style="text-align:right;"|95,700
| style="text-align:right;"|2,763,135
|-
| [[File:Flag of Krasnoyarsk Krai.svg|50px|border]] [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]]
| [[Krasnoyarsk]]
| style="text-align:right;"|2,366,800
| style="text-align:right;"|2,828,187
|-
| [[File:Flag of Novosibirsk Oblast.svg|50px|border]] [[Novosibirsk Oblast]]
| [[Novosibirsk]]
| style="text-align:right;"|177,800
| style="text-align:right;"|2,665,911
|-
| [[File:Flag of Omsk Oblast.svg|50px|border]] [[Omsk Oblast]]
| [[Omsk]]
| style="text-align:right;"|141,100
| style="text-align:right;"|1,977,665
|-
| [[File:Flag of Tomsk Oblast.svg|50px|border]] [[Tomsk Oblast]]
| [[Tomsk]]
| style="text-align:right;"|314,400
| style="text-align:right;"|1,047,394
|-
| [[File:Flag of Tuva.svg|50px|border]] [[Tuva|Tuva Republic]]
| [[Kyzyl]]
| style="text-align:right;"|168,600
| style="text-align:right;"|307,930
|-
| [[File:Flag of Khakassia.svg|50px|border]] [[Khakassia|Republic of Khakassia]]
| [[Abakan]]
| style="text-align:right;"|61,600
| style="text-align:right;"|532,403
|- style="background: #DDD;"
| '''[[Siberian Federal District]]'''
| '''[[Novosibirsk]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"|4,361,800
| style="text-align:right;"|17,178,298
|-
| [[File:Flag of Amur Oblast.svg|50px|border]] [[Amur Oblast]]
| [[Blagoveshchensk]]
| style="text-align:right;"|361,900
| style="text-align:right;"|830,103
|-
| [[File:Flag_of_Buryatia.svg|border|50px]] [[Buryatia|Republic of Buryatia]]
| [[Ulan-Ude]]
| style="text-align:right;"|351,300
| style="text-align:right;"|971,021
|-
| [[File:Flag of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast.svg|50px|border]] [[Jewish Autonomous Oblast]]
| [[Birobidzhan]]
| style="text-align:right;"|36,300
| style="text-align:right;"|176,558
|-
|[[File:Flag_of_Zabaykalsky_Krai.svg|border|50px]] [[Zabaykalsky Krai]]
|[[Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai|Chita]]
|align="right"|431,900
|align="right"|1,107,107
|-
| [[File:Flag of Kamchatka Krai.svg|50px|border]] [[Kamchatka Krai]]
| [[Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky]]
| style="text-align:right;"|464,300
| style="text-align:right;"|322,079
|-
| [[File:Flag of Magadan Oblast.svg|50px|border]] [[Magadan Oblast]]
| [[Magadan]]
| style="text-align:right;"|462,500
| style="text-align:right;"|156,996
|-
| [[File:Flag of Primorsky Krai.svg|50px|border]] [[Primorsky Krai]]
| [[Vladivostok]]
| style="text-align:right;"|164,700
| style="text-align:right;"|1,956,497
|-
| [[File:Flag of Sakha.svg|50px|border]] [[Sakha Republic]]
| [[Yakutsk]]
| style="text-align:right;"|3,083,500
| style="text-align:right;"|958,528
|-
| [[File:Flag of Sakhalin Oblast.svg|50px|border]] [[Sakhalin Oblast]]
| [[Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk]]
| style="text-align:right;"|87,100
| style="text-align:right;"|497,973
|-
| [[File:Flag of Khabarovsk Krai.svg|50px|border]] [[Khabarovsk Krai]]
| [[Khabarovsk]]
| style="text-align:right;"|787,600
| style="text-align:right;"|1,343,869
|-
| [[File:Flag of Chukotka.svg|50px|border]] [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]]
| [[Anadyr (town)|Anadyr]]
| style="text-align:right;"|721,500
| style="text-align:right;"|50,526
|- style="background: #DDD;"
| '''[[Far Eastern Federal District]]'''
| '''[[Vladivostok]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"|6,952,600
| style="text-align:right;"|8,371,257
|- style="background: #DDD;" | class="sortbottom"
| '''North Asia'''
| –
| style="text-align:right;"|13,132,900
| style="text-align:right;"|37,630,081
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Asia|Geography|Russia|Siberia}}
<!-- {{main|Outline of North Asia|Index of North Asia-related articles}} -->
<!-- * [[Bibliography of North Asia]] -->
* [[Arctic|Arctic Region]]
* [[Far North (Russia)|Far North]]
* [[European Russia]]
* [[Asia]]
* [[Geography of Asia]]
* [[Northeast Asia]]
* [[Russian Far East]]
* [[Ural (region)|Ural region]]
* [[Siberian High]], a semipermament anticyclone

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
<!-- {{Wikipedia-Books}} -->
* {{Commons inline}}

{{Regions of Asia}}
{{Asia topics}}
{{Russia topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Asia-Pacific]]
[[Category:Geography of Asia]]
[[Category:Regions of Asia]]