View source for North Clyde Line

{{Short description|Railway line in Glasgow City, Scotland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2010}}
{{Infobox rail line
|name        = North Clyde Line
|color       = 3A75C4
|logo        = 
|logo_width  = 
|image       = 334001 - Dalreoch.jpg
|image_width = 300px
|caption     = A [[British Rail Class 334|Class 334]] crosses the [[River Leven, Dunbartonshire|River Leven]] between Dumbarton Central and Dalreoch
|type        = [[Heavy rail]]
|system      = [[National Rail]]
|status      = Operational
|locale      = [[Glasgow]]<br>[[Edinburgh]]<br>Scotland
|start       = West<br/>{{stnlink|Helensburgh Central}}<br>{{stnlink|Balloch}}<br>{{stnlnk|Dalmuir}}<br>{{stnlnk|Milngavie}}
|end         = East<br/>{{stnlink|Cumbernauld}}<br>{{stnlink|Airdrie}}<br>{{stnlink|Bathgate}}<br>{{stnlink|Edinburgh Waverley}}
|stations    = 57 (including Cumbernauld line)
|routes      = 
|daily_ridership   = 
|open        = 
|close       = 
|owner       = [[Network Rail]]
|operator    = [[ScotRail]]
|character   = 
|depot       = 
|stock       = [[British Rail Class 334|Class 334 "Juniper"]]<br/>[[British Rail Class 320|Class 320]]<br/>[[British Rail Class 318|Class 318]]
|linelength  = 
|tracklength = 
|tracks      = [[Double track]]
|gauge       = {{track gauge|sg}}
|electrification = [[25 kV AC|25 kV 50 Hz AC]]
|speed       =  Max {{convert|90|mph|km/h|abbr=on|0}}
|elevation   =
|map         = [[File:North Clyde Line.png|321px]]<br />([[:commons:File:North Clyde Line.png|Click to expand]])
|map_state   = expanded
}}
{{North Clyde Line|collapse=y}}

The '''North Clyde Line''' (defined by [[Network Rail]] as the ''Glasgow North Electric Suburban'' line) is a suburban railway in West Central Scotland. The route is operated by [[ScotRail]]. As a result of the incorporation of the [[Airdrie–Bathgate rail link]] and the [[Edinburgh–Bathgate line]], this route has become the [[Glasgow–Edinburgh lines|fourth rail link]] between Glasgow and Edinburgh.

== Route ==
[[File:Bowling Harbour 320301.jpg|thumb|left|Alongside the Clyde at [[Bowling, West Dunbartonshire|Bowling Harbour]]]]
The North Clyde Line (known as Dunbartonshire - Glasgow, Cumbernauld and Falkirk Grahamston in timetables), electrified by [[British Rail]] in 1960, ran east–west through the Greater Glasgow conurbation, linking northern Lanarkshire with western Dunbartonshire, by way of the city centre. Fifty years later, in 2010, the line was extended by [[Network Rail]] east from [[Airdrie, North Lanarkshire|Airdrie]], by way of re-opening the line to [[Bathgate]] meeting up with the line re-opened by [[British Rail]] from [[Edinburgh]].

The main core of the route runs from {{Stnlnk|Edinburgh Waverley}} to {{Stnlnk|Helensburgh Central}} via {{Stnlnk|Bathgate}} and [[Glasgow Queen Street railway station|Glasgow Queen Street (Low Level)]]. To the east of the Glasgow city centre, there is a short branch to {{Stnlnk|Springburn}}, while to the west there are two routes between {{Stnlnk|Hyndland}} and {{Stnlnk|Dalmuir}} (via {{Stnlnk|Singer}} and via {{Stnlnk|Yoker}}), as well as branches to {{Stnlnk|Milngavie}} and {{Stnlnk|Balloch}}.

The lines from {{Stnlnk|Partick}} to Dalmuir and Milngavie are also used by [[Argyle Line]] services, whilst [[West Highland Line]] services share the line between {{Stnlnk|Westerton}} and {{Stnlnk|Craigendoran}}. In the east, the line between Newbridge Junction and {{stnlnk|Edinburgh Waverley}} is shared with the [[Glasgow to Edinburgh via Falkirk Line]] and the [[Edinburgh to Dunblane Line]]. In addition to the interchange with services from Glasgow Queen Street (High Level) and Edinburgh Waverley, there are interchanges with the [[Cumbernauld Line]] at Springburn, with the [[Maryhill Line]] at {{Stnlnk|Anniesland}}, and with the [[Glasgow Subway]] at Partick. Some sections of the North Clyde Line are also traversed by freight trains.

The line runs through central [[Glasgow]], and the principal station on the line is Glasgow Queen Street (Low Level). The section through the city centre largely runs in tunnels between High Street and the former Finnieston station (west of Charing Cross at the intersection of [[Argyle Street, Glasgow|Argyle Street]] and Kent Road). This is the oldest stretch of underground railway in Glasgow, opened as the Glasgow City & District Railway in 1886 and predating the Glasgow Subway by some ten years.

== History ==

=== Lists of Openings, Closures, and Re-openings ===

====Constituents====
Like most of Glasgow's suburban railways, the North Clyde Lines as they are known today were built piecemeal from a patchwork of routes from various [[Victorian era|Victorian]]-era railway companies. In addition to the extension east of Airdrie, these are listed below:{{sfnp|Awdry|1990|p=}}{{page needed|date=August 2020}}

* 1842 - Haymarket to Newbridge Junction opened by [[Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway]];
* 1846 - Edinburgh Waverley to Haymarket opened by Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway;
* 1849 - Newbridge Junction to Polkemmet Junction opened by [[Edinburgh and Bathgate Railway]];
* 1850 - Dumbarton Central to Balloch Pier opened by [[Caledonian and Dunbartonshire Junction Railway]];
* 1858 - Cowlairs to Bowling and Dalreoch to Helensburgh Central opened by [[Glasgow, Dumbarton and Helensburgh Railway]];
* 1862 - Polkemmet Junction to Coatbridge Sunnyside opened by [[Bathgate and Coatbridge Railway]];
* 1863 - Westerton to Milngavie opened by [[Glasgow and Milngavie Junction Railway]];
* 1870 - Coatbridge Sunnyside to Bellgrove opened as the [[Coatbridge Branch (NBR)|Coatbridge Branch]] of [[North British Railway]];
* 1870 - Bellgrove to High Street Junction opened by [[City Union Line|City of Glasgow Union Railway]];
* 1871 - High Street Junction to College opened as the [[Coatbridge Branch (NBR)|Coatbridge Branch]] of [[North British Railway]];
* 1874 - Stobcross to Maryhill opened by [[Stobcross Railway]];
* 1874 - Anniesland to Whiteinch opened by [[Whiteinch Railway]];
* 1875 - Springburn to Bellgrove opened by City of Glasgow Union Railway;
* 1882 - Jordanhill to Clydebank East opened by [[Glasgow, Yoker and Clydebank Railway]];
* 1886 - High Street to Stobcross, Hyndland branch, Jordanhill cord, and Anniesland to Westerton cord opened by [[Glasgow City and District Railway]];
* 1891 - Bowling to Dumbarton Central opened by [[Lanarkshire and Dunbartonshire Railway]];
* 1892 - Bridgeton Central to High Street opened by [[Glasgow City and District Railway]];
* 1897 - Clydebank to Dalmuir opened by Glasgow, Yoker and Clydebank Railway;

The majority of these lines were absorbed by (or were subsidiaries of) the [[North British Railway]]; the exceptions being the [[Lanarkshire and Dunbartonshire Railway]], which was part of the [[Caledonian Railway]], and the western part of the [[Caledonian and Dunbartonshire Junction Railway]] (which was joint between the North British and the Caledonian). At the time of the [[Railways Act 1921|Grouping]] in 1923, the North British Railway became part of the [[London and North Eastern Railway]] (LNER), while the [[Caledonian Railway]] became part of the [[London, Midland and Scottish Railway]] (LMS).

====Closures====
Following nationalisation in 1948, all of the lines came under the ownership of [[British Rail]]ways. A number of former LNER branch lines which fed into the North Clyde system were closed during the 1950s because they duplicated former LMS lines. Other lines closed due to lack of traffic, or later because they were not selected for inclusion in the electrification project. Notable withdrawals of passenger service occurred on:

* 1 May 1930: Manuel and Bathgate to Coatbridge Central (via Blackstone);
* 2 April 1951: Whiteinch Victoria branch, also the Kelvin Valley Line (Maryhill to Kilsyth);
* 10 September 1951: Bothwell to Coatbridge Sunnyside;
* 15 September 1952: Hamilton to Bothwell;
* 4 July 1955: Bothwell to Shettleston;
* 9 January 1956: Ratho to Airdrie;
* 14 September 1959: Clydebank East terminus;
* 5 November 1960: Hyndland branch (replaced by new [[Hyndland railway station|Hyndland]] station on main line)
* 5 November 1979: {{Stnlnk|Bridgeton Central}} branch (replaced by {{Stnlnk|Bridgeton}} on the [[Argyle Line]])
* 28 September 1986: Balloch Central to Balloch Pier

====Re-openings====

* 24 March 1986: Newbridge Junction to Bathgate (passenger services)
* May 1989: Airdrie to Drumgelloch
* 18 October 2010: Drumgelloch to Bathgate (line open for driver training and charter trains)
* 12 December 2010: Drumgelloch to Bathgate (passenger services)

===Electrification===
[[File:Glasgow Suburban Electrification Commemorative Plaque.jpg|thumb|left|A plaque commemorating the Glasgow suburban electrification by the entrance to the North Clyde Line platforms at {{Stnlnk|Glasgow Queen Street}}]]
In 1960 the remainder of the North Clyde suburban system (Airdrie, Springburn and Bridgeton Central to Milngavie, Balloch Pier and Helensburgh Central, including both routes between Partick and Dalmuir) underwent [[Railway electrification in Great Britain|electrification]]. After a ceremony on Saturday 5 November 1960, a free public service of electric trains ran on Sunday, and the full normal advertised public service started on Monday 7 November 1960.<ref>{{cite magazine| title=Times, 7 November 1960| magazine=Railway Magazine| date=December 1960}}{{full citation needed|date=August 2020}}</ref> A new junction between the former LNER and LMS lines was built at Dunglass, just west of Bowling, allowing North Clyde Line services to use the former LMS (Lanarkshire and Dunbartonshire) line through {{Stnlnk|Dumbarton East}}, and the original LNER (Caledonian and Dunbartonshire Junction) line from Dunglass to Dumbarton Central was closed. The outer areas were electrified to the [[25 kV AC railway electrification|25&nbsp;kV AC 50 Hz]] standard, with the central area, the Springburn, Bridgeton, and Milngavie branches, and the Yoker line being at 6.25&nbsp;kV AC due to restricted clearances in tunnels. As insulation technology improved these lines were eventually converted to 25&nbsp;kV.

In October 2010, the line between Bathgate and Airdrie opened complete with electrification at 25&nbsp;kV for crew training and charter trains. The section between Bathgate and Haymarket (including the section that is common with the [[Glasgow to Edinburgh via Falkirk Line]] east of Newbridge Junction) was also electrified at 25&nbsp;kV. This work was carried out as part of the [[Airdrie-Bathgate Rail Link]].

===Argyle line===
{{main|Argyle Line}}
The former Caledonian Railway lines in north-west Glasgow and Dunbartonshire ([[Lanarkshire and Dunbartonshire Railway]] and [[Glasgow Central Railway]]) closed to passengers and then freight. However, the section from {{Stnlnk|Rutherglen}} through [[Glasgow Central railway station|Glasgow Central (Low Level)]] was reopened as the Argyle Line in 1979. A new [[flying junction]] was built east of Partick to connect the Argyle Line with the North Clyde Line. The Bridgeton Central branch closed to passengers on 5 November 1979, having been replaced by the re-opened [[Bridgeton railway station|Bridgeton Cross]] station on the Argyle Line, though Bridgeton Central station was retained as a carriage cleaning facility. On 17 December 1979, Partickhill station was replaced by the new [[Partick railway station|Partick (Interchange)]] slightly to the south, which provides a connection with the Subway.  

An short electrified link to the east of [[Blairhill railway station|Blairhill]] in the Gartsherrie area of [[Coatbridge]] also connects the two lines together, but is only used as a diversionary path for Argyle Line services to run over the North Clyde whenever the route via Glasgow Central (Low Level) is closed - an example of this was in December [[1994]] when severe flooding closed the main spine of the Argyle Line for nine months, forcing Dalmuir-Lanark services to run via Glasgow Queen Street (Low Level).

=== Balloch Pier ===
Pleasure steamer operations on [[Loch Lomond]] ceased in the 1980s, leading to the closure of [[Balloch Pier railway station|Balloch Pier]] on 28 September 1986. The Balloch branch was further truncated in April 1988 when [[Balloch Central railway station|Balloch Central]] was replaced by the new {{Stnlnk|Balloch}} station on the opposite site of Balloch Road, which allowed the elimination of a [[level crossing]]. The [[Overhead lines|catenary]] from the closed section to Balloch Pier was then used to reopen the line east of Airdrie to a new terminus at Drumgelloch in May 1989.{{Citation needed|date=September 2008}}

=== Airdrie–Bathgate rail link ===
[[File:334036 at Haymarket.jpg|thumb|A Class 334 at {{Stnlnk|Haymarket}} station in Edinburgh with a through service from Helensburgh]]
{{Main|Airdrie–Bathgate rail link}}
Passenger services from Edinburgh to Airdrie ceased in 1956, but the line between Edinburgh and Bathgate was reopened to passenger traffic on a trial basis in 1986 and proved an instant success. In 2005, the [[Scottish Executive]] declared that in line with plans to upgrade the remaining section of the [[A8 road (Great Britain)|A8 road]] to motorway standard, public transport links between [[Glasgow]] and [[Edinburgh]] must also be improved. Therefore, to create a fourth direct rail link between Glasgow and Edinburgh, the closed section of the [[Bathgate and Coatbridge Railway]] between {{Stnlnk|Bathgate}} and [[Drumgelloch railway station (1989)|the 1989 Drumgelloch station]] was re-opened, and the existing lines from Newbridge Junction to Bathgate and Drumgelloch to Airdrie were upgraded. The whole line is double track and electrified, with a maximum line speed of {{convert|90|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}. The existing 30-minute frequency Helensburgh–Drumgelloch and Milngavie–Airdrie services have been extended to {{stnlnk|Edinburgh Waverley}} providing an enhanced 15 minute frequency between Bathgate and Edinburgh.

The new link received the final approval of the [[Scottish Parliament]] on 28 March 2007 and gained [[Royal Assent]] on 9 May 2007. Work commenced with a sod cutting ceremony at {{Stnlnk|Livingston North}} in June 2007, with reinstatement of double track between Newbridge and Bathgate being the first stage, completed in October 2008.

The line opened for driver training and charter trains in October 2010, with the passenger service commencing on 12 December 2010.<ref name="Table226-Dec10">{{cite web| url=http://www.networkrail.co.uk/browse%20documents/eNRT/Dec10/timetables/Table226.pdf| title=National Rail Timetable 226; December 2010| access-date=17 November 2010}}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

=== Cumbernauld Line ===
{{Main|Cumbernauld Line}}
As part of the wider [[Edinburgh to Glasgow Improvement Programme]] (EGIP), plans were made to electrify the [[Cumbernauld Line]] and the Garngad Chord, adjacent to [[Springburn railway station|Springburn]], creating an electrified link between the Springburn branch of the North Clyde Line and the Cumbernauld Line - then operated by diesel multiple units into Glasgow Queen Street High Level - allowing electric service from Cumbernauld into the Low Level of Glasgow Queen Street, and thus connecting Cumbernauld to destinations west of Glasgow, whilst also freeing up capacity on the High Level lines out of Queen Street. Contracts for the improvements were let out in January 2013, with completion scheduled in time for the [[2014 Commonwealth Games]]. From May 2014, electric trains began running between Balloch/Dalmuir and Cumbernauld (Monday - Saturday) and Partick and Cumbernauld (Sunday) using class 318, 320, and 334.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/carillion-awarded-pound40m-cumbernauld-electrification-contract/archiv/2013/februar.html| title=Carillion awarded £40m Cumbernauld electrification contract|work=Railway Gazette International| access-date=1 February 2013| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628173257/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/carillion-awarded-pound40m-cumbernauld-electrification-contract/archiv/2013/februar.html| archive-date=28 June 2015}}</ref> As the reinstatement of the Garngad Chord was cancelled, the through-service trains had to reverse at Springburn station. Following the completion of EGIP, through electric services from Glasgow Queen Street High Level to [[Edinburgh Waverley railway station|Edinburgh Waverley]] via Cumbernauld were introduced using new [[British Rail Class 385|Class 385]] units, replacing the services which previously reversed at Springburn.

== Service pattern ==
{{Update|part=section|date=August 2021}}

=== Off peak Monday to Saturday ===
*2tph Helensburgh Central to Edinburgh (non-stop Dumbarton East-Dalmuir, Dalmuir-Hyndland until 8pm)
*2tph Balloch to Airdrie (via Singer, after 8pm to Springburn)
*2tph Milngavie to Springburn (After 8pm to Motherwell or Cumbernauld
Argyle Line services provide services from Glasgow Central (Low Level) to Milngavie, Dalmuir (via Yoker) and Dalmuir (via Singer) on 30 minute frequencies.

=== Sunday ===
* 2tph Helensburgh Central to Edinburgh (via Singer)
* 1tph Partick to Cumbernauld
Argyle Line services provide services from Glasgow Central (Low Level) to Balloch (via Yoker) and Milngavie on 30 minute frequencies.

== Rolling stock ==
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2017}}
[[File:Milngavie station - geograph.org.uk - 1691808.jpg|thumb|A Class 303 at Milngavie in 1985]]
[[File:ScotRail Train at Balloch - geograph.org.uk - 7484835.jpg|thumb|A Class 318 at Balloch]]
[[File:Class 334 and Class 320 stand at Helensburgh Central - geograph.org.uk - 5817015.jpg|thumb|A Class 334 and a Class 320 at Helensburgh Central]]
===Historic===
Prior to electrification, passenger services were operated primarily by [[Tank locomotives|tank engines]], notably [[GNR Class N2|Class N2 0-6-2T]] and [[LNER Class V1/V3|Class V1/V3 2-6-2T]], which were allocated to depots at Parkhead and Kipps (Coatbridge).

Electrification brought the introduction of the legendary and locally-built [[British Rail Class 303|Class 303]] [[electric multiple unit|EMUs]], operated from a new depot at the former Hyndland terminus station. From 1967 they were joined by the similar [[British Rail Class 311|Class 311]] EMUs, which were built for the [[Inverclyde Line]] electrification but which were initially allocated to Hyndland for maintenance and were occasionally used on the North Clyde Line. The Class 303 and 311 trains were nicknamed the "Blue Trains" because of the bright Caledonian Blue colour scheme they carried in the 1960s, at a time when most British Railways passenger stock was painted either green or maroon. In the late 1960s they began to be repainted in the new standard [[British Rail corporate liveries|Rail Blue]], and from the late 1970s they received coaching stock blue/grey livery. This was followed by the distinctive [[Strathclyde Passenger Transport|Strathclyde PTE]] orange-and-black scheme in the 1980s. A few of the last surviving Class 303s eventually received the new SPT carmine/cream livery in the late 1990s. In September 2008 [[Transport Scotland]] announced that the SPT carmine and cream livery would be discontinued; trains will start to be repainted in a new, blue livery with white [[Saltire]] motifs at the ends of each carriage.

In the 1970s, a new electric locomotive/EMU depot was built at [[Glasgow Shields Road TMD|Shields Road]] south of the Clyde, and this took over maintenance of the EMUs used on the [[Cathcart Circle Lines|Cathcart Circle]] and Inverclyde Lines, including all of the Class 311s. The reopening of the Argyle Line in 1979 resulted in the introduction of [[British Rail Class 314|Class 314]] EMUs, which were allocated to Hyndland. Although used almost exclusively on the Argyle Line, some North Clyde Line services were also operated by Class 314s. In 1987, Hyndland depot closed and was replaced by new carriage sidings at Yoker, with maintenance transferred to Shields Road. Thereafter, Class 311s began to appear more frequently on some North Clyde services. However, it was not until 1990 that a start was made on replacing the Class 303s, which still operated the great majority of services on the North Clyde Line.

[[British Rail Class 320|Class 320]] EMUs were introduced in 1990 and took over most North Clyde services, enabling the withdrawal of many Class 303s and all of the 311s. A few Class 303 units continued to operate on the North Clyde Line until December 2002, when they were finally withdrawn. They were replaced by the [[British Rail Class 334|Class 334]] [[Alstom]] ''[[Alstom Coradia Juniper|Juniper]]'' EMUs, together with [[British Rail Class 318|Class 318]] units which had been cascaded from the [[Ayrshire Coast Line]]s. The Class 318s and 334s also replaced the Class 314 units on the Argyle Line, and these were in turn displaced to the Cathcart Circle and Inverclyde Lines to replace the last 303s.

===Present stock===
[[British Rail Class 334|Class 334s]] currently operate services through to Edinburgh via [[Bathgate railway station|Bathgate]] and a handful of North Clyde Line services, with [[British Rail Class 320|Class 320s]] and [[British Rail Class 318|Class 318s]] operating the majority of North Clyde Line services and Argyle Line services. Class 318s and Class 320s are not permitted to operate in service east of Airdrie due to the lack of CCTV and platform mirrors for the driver to check the doors; the Class 334s have CCTV installed onboard.

== Future development ==

=== Crossrail Glasgow ===
{{Main|Crossrail Glasgow}}
With many passengers travelling north–south through the city centre having to walk or use a shuttle bus between Central and Queen Street stations, SPT has long proposed a direct rail link between the North Clyde system and the lines radiating from Glasgow Central (High Level). This would allow direct service from Renfrewshire and Ayrshire stations to Glasgow Queen Street (Low Level), and would also allow new cross-city services such as Airdrie to Paisley. The plan would involve re-opening to passenger traffic the freight-only [[City Union Line]] between Shields Junction and Bellgrove, and building a new curve between Gallowgate and High Street. Reopening of the closed line from Strathbungo to Gorbals would allow trains from Barrhead and East Kilbride to use Crossrail. Funding for the scheme has yet to be sought, and the project remains a long-term aspiration only.

== Accidents and incidents ==
* On 11 September 1986 two railwaymen were killed in a collision between two trains at Bridgeton Central carriage sidings;
* On 6 March 1989 two people were killed when [[Glasgow Bellgrove rail crash|two trains collided head-on at Bellgrove]].

==See also==
*[[Yoker line]]

== References ==

=== Notes ===
{{reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{Commons category}}
* {{Awdry-RailCo}}
* {{Jowett-Atlas}}

{{Transport in Edinburgh}}
{{Railway lines in Scotland}}

[[Category:Transport in Glasgow]]
[[Category:Railway lines in Scotland]]
[[Category:Standard gauge railways in Scotland]]