View source for Nowa Ruda, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

{{Short description|Town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland}}
{{other places|Nowa Ruda (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nowa Ruda
| image_skyline = 2014 Nowa Ruda, rynek 01.JPG
| image_caption = Market Square and Town Hall in Nowa Ruda
| image_flag = POL Nowa Ruda flag.svg
| image_shield = POL Nowa Ruda COA.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = right
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Lower Silesian Voivodeship|name=Lower Silesian}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of Polish counties|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kłodzko County|Kłodzko]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = Nowa Ruda <small>(urban gmina)</small>
| established_title = First mentioned
| established_date = 1337
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Tomasz Jacek Kiliński
| area_total_km2 = 37.04
| population_as_of = 2019-06-30<ref>{{cite web |title=Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/population/population/population-size-and-structure-and-vital-statistics-in-poland-by-territorial-division-in-2019-as-of-30th-june,3,26.html |publisher=Statistics Poland |date=2019-10-15|access-date=2020-02-14}}</ref>
| population_total = 22067
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|50|35|N|16|30|E|region:PL-02_type:city|display=title,inline}}
| elevation_m = 402
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 57-400
| blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
| blank_info = DKL
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Voivodeship road]]s
| blank_info_sec2 = [[File:DW381-PL.svg|32px|link=Voivodeship road 381]] [[File:DW384-PL.svg|32px|link=Voivodeship road 384]] [[File:DW385-PL.svg|32px|link=Voivodeship road 385]]
| website = [http://www.um.nowaruda.pl www.um.nowaruda.pl]
}}
'''Nowa Ruda''' {{IPAc-pl|'|n|o|w|a|-|'|r|u|d|a}} ({{langx|cs|Nová Ruda}}, {{langx|de|Neurode}}) is a town in south-western [[Poland]] near the [[Czech Republic|Czech]] border, lying on the Włodzica river in the central [[Sudetes]] mountain range.{{TERYT}} {{As of|2019}} it had 22,067 inhabitants. The town is located in [[Kłodzko County]], [[Lower Silesian Voivodeship]]. It is the seat of the rural district of [[Gmina Nowa Ruda]], but is not part of its territory (the town is a separate urban [[gmina]] in its own right).

==History==
===Under Polish and Bohemian rule===
[[File:Nowa Ruda - widok z ratusza 02.jpg|thumb|left|Historic townhouses at the Market Square with the Saint Nicholas church in the background]]
A [[Middle Ages|medieval]] village situated in the rich [[Kłodzko Valley]], Nowa Ruda developed in the mid-13th century as part of the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]].<ref name=um>{{cite web|url=http://www.um.nowaruda.pl/asp/pl_start.asp?typ=14&menu=136&strona=1&sub=16|title=Historia miasta|website=Gmina Miejska Nowa Ruda|access-date=9 February 2020|language=pl}}</ref> [[Germans|German]]-speaking immigrants settled there as part of the ''[[Ostsiedlung]]''. The oldest known mention of the settlement comes from 1337 from a document issued in nearby [[Kłodzko]],<ref name=um/> when it was part of the Polish [[Piast dynasty|Piast]]-ruled [[Duchy of Ziębice|Duchy of Ziębice/Münsterberg]] under the suzerainty of the [[Bohemian Crown|Bohemian (Czech) Crown]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. It passed directly to Bohemia in the next decades. Officially, the settlement was granted a [[city charter]] in 1363 and received the name of ''Newenrode''. In the [[Late Middle Ages]], [[weaving]], clothmaking and shoemaking developed in the town.<ref name=um/><ref name=pwn>{{cite web|url=https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Nowa-Ruda;3948594.html|title=Nowa Ruda|website=Encyklopedia PWN|access-date=9 February 2020|language=pl}}</ref> In the years 1427-1429 the town was invaded by the [[Hussites]].<ref name=um/> The city was rechartered under a local variant of the [[Magdeburg Law]] in 1434 and then again in 1596. From 1459 it was part of the Bohemian-ruled [[County of Kladsko]]. The city was invaded and devastated again during the [[Thirty Years' War]] in 1622.

===Under Prussia and Germany===
In 1742 it passed to [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]].<ref name=um/> In the second half of the 19th century the town developed due to [[coal mining]] and the textile industry.<ref name=um/><ref name=pwn/> In 1884 it suffered a great fire.<ref name=um/> During [[World War I]], the German government operated three forced labour camps for [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] [[World War I prisoners of war in Germany|prisoners of war]] at local coal mines.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kujat|first=Janusz Adam|year=2000|title=Pieniądz zastępczy w obozach jenieckich na terenie rejencji wrocławskiej w czasie I i II wojny światowej|journal=Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny|location=Opole|language=pl|volume=23|page=13|issn=0137-5199}}</ref> After World War I, it suffered an economic crisis.<ref name=um/> The town was no longer a district seat after 1932, when it was reincorporated into the ''Landkreis Glatz'' (Kłodzko district).<ref name=um/>

During [[World War II]], the Germans established three labour units for [[French prisoners of war in World War II|French]], Belgian and [[German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war|Soviet]] [[prisoners of war]], as well as two [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] camps.<ref name=pwn/> Also during the war, the largest mining disaster in the town's history took place; 187 miners were killed.<ref name=um/>

{{multiple image |align=right |caption_align=center |perrow=2 |total_width=360 |header=Historic churches of Nowa Ruda
| image1 = 2016 Kościół Świętego Krzyża w Nowej Rudzie.jpg
| image2 = Nowa Ruda, 6 lipca 2024, KsP 12.jpg
| image3 = Nowa Ruda - kosciol Bozego Ciala 02.jpg
| image4 = 2016 Kościół św. Katarzyny w Słupcu.jpg
| caption1 = Holy Cross
| caption2 = St. Nicholas
| caption3 = Corpus Christi
| caption4 = St. Catherine
}}

===After World War II===
Following the defeat of [[Nazi Germany]] in [[World War II]] the region became part of Poland, and the town took on its present name, with the German population being [[expulsion of Germans after World War II|expelled]] in accordance to the [[Potsdam Agreement]]. It was repopulated by [[Polish people|Poles]], expellees from [[Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union|former eastern Poland]] annexed by the [[Soviet Union]], settlers from central Poland and miners returning from [[France]].<ref name=um/> In 1973 the settlement of Słupiec was included within the town limits as a new district.<ref name=pwn/> In 1976 and 1979 mining disasters occurred, in which 17 and 7 miners respectively died.<ref name=um/> After the adoption of [[Ostpolitik]] by the German [[Chancellor]] [[Willy Brandt]], the former German inhabitants were allowed to travel to their hometowns and tried to establish relations with the current population and the [[Holy See]] redrew the boundaries of the [[ecclesiastical province]]s along the post-war borders. On 28 June 1972 the Catholic parishes of Nowa Ruda were transferred from the traditional [[Diocese of Hradec Králové|Hradec Králové diocese]] (est. 1664; [[List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Europe#Ecclesiastical Province of Bohemia|Ecclesiastical Province of Bohemia]]) to the [[Archdiocese of Wrocław]].<ref>[[Pope Paul VI|Paulus VI]], [[Apostolic constitution|Constitutio Apostolica]] [https://www.vatican.va/holy father/paul vi/apost constitutions/documents/hf p-vi apc 19720628 vratislaviensis lt.html "Vratislaviensis - Berolinensis et aliarum"], in: ''[[Acta Apostolicae Sedis]]'', 64 (1972), n. 10, pp. 657seq.</ref>

From 1975 to 1998 it was administratively located in the former [[Wałbrzych Voivodeship]].

The area was notable in the Middle Ages as a source of rich iron ore deposits. Until 2000 there was also a coal mine and a [[gabbro]] mine in Nowa Ruda's borough of Słupiec.

==Transport==
[[File:2017 Rondo Wolności w Nowej Rudzie.jpg|thumb|''Rondo Wolności'' (Freedom Roundabout)]]
There is a train station in Nowa Ruda. The [[Voivodeship road]]s 381, 384 and 385 pass through the town.

==Sport==
[[Piast Nowa Ruda]] is the local [[multi-sports club]].

== Culture ==
* The [[Literary Heights Festival]], a Polish [[literary festival]] founded in 2015 which takes place in the vicinity of [[Gmina Nowa Ruda]] at the foot of the [[Owl Mountains]] in the [[Kłodzko Valley]]. The event's organizers include the Olga Tokarczuk Foundation, the city and commune of Nowa Ruda, while the hosts are Karol Maliszewski and [[Olga Tokarczuk]]. The festival's program includes educational sessions, debates, concerts, panels, shows, meetings, poetry, literary workshops, film screenings, culinary workshops and various exhibitions.
* [[Nowa Ruda Literary Club Ogma]]
* [[Polish-Czech Group of Poets '97]].

==Notable people==
*[[Franz Eckert]] (1852–1916), composer
*[[Joachim von Pfeil]] (1857–1924), German explorer 
*[[Friedrich Kayßler]] (1874–1945), actor and writer
*[[Joseph Wittig]] (1879–1949), German theologian and writer
*[[Friedrich-Wilhelm Otte]] (1898–1944), [[Wehrmacht]] general
*{{Interlanguage link|Werner Steinberg|de}} (1913–1992), writer
*[[Gero Trauth]] (born 1942), painter, graphic artist, porcelain illustrator and designer
*[[Edyta Geppert]] (born 1953), singer
*{{Interlanguage link|Krzysztof Tyniec|pl}} (born 1956), actor
*[[Karol Maliszewski]] (born 1960), poet
*[[Olga Tokarczuk]] (born 1962), writer, Nobel laureate
*[[Robert Więckiewicz]] (born 1967), actor

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}

Nowa Ruda is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Miasta partnerskie|url=http://www.um.nowaruda.pl/asp/pl_start.asp?typ=23&sub=16&menu=90&strona=1|website=um.nowaruda.pl|publisher=Nowa Ruda|language=pl|access-date=2019-09-25}}</ref>

* {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Broumov]], Czech Republic
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Castrop-Rauxel]], Germany
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Wallers]], France

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Nowa Ruda}}
* {{in lang|pl|cap=yes}} [http://www.nowaruda24.pl/ Online radio and hottest news website]
* {{in lang|pl|cap=yes}} [http://www.nowaruda.info/ Private Internet Wortal of Nowa Ruda]
* {{in lang|pl|cap=yes}} [http://www.nowa-ruda.com/ Nowa Ruda online – citizens' site]

{{Kłodzko County}}
{{Gmina Nowa Ruda}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Nowa Ruda| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Silesia]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Lower Silesian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Kłodzko County]]
[[Category:Populated riverside places in Poland]]