View source for Oda clan

{{Short description|Medieval Japanese clan}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{One source|date=December 2016}}
{{More footnotes|date=December 2016}}
}}

{{Infobox Japanese clan
|surname         = Oda
|surname nihongo = 織田
|image  = Oda emblem.svg
|image size = 200px
|image caption = The emblem ([[Mon (emblem)|''mon'']]) of the Oda clan
|home province  ={{Plainlist|
* [[Echizen Province|Echizen]]
* [[Owari Province|Owari]]}}
|parent house   = [[Taira clan]] (claimed)<br>[[Fujiwara clan]] (claimed)<br>[[Inbe clan]] (most likely)
|titles         = Various
|founder        = [[Taira no Chikazane]] (claimed; dubious)
|final ruler    = [[Oda Nobutoshi]]
|current head   =
|founding year  = 13th century
|dissolution    = still extant
|ruled until    = 1871, [[abolition of the han system]]
}}

The {{nihongo|'''Oda clan'''|織田氏|Oda-shi|lead=yes}} is a Japanese [[samurai]] family who were [[daimyo]] and an important political force in the unification of Japan in the mid-16th century. Though they reached the peak of their power under [[Oda Nobunaga]] and fell soon after, several branches of the family continued as daimyo houses until the [[Meiji Restoration]]. After the Meiji Restoration, all four heads of the houses of the clan were appointed [[viscount]]s in the new system of hereditary peerage.

==History==
===Origins===
[[Oda Nobunaga]] first claimed that the Oda clan was descended from the [[Fujiwara clan]], and later claimed descent from [[:ja:平資盛|Taira no Sukemori]] of the [[Taira clan]]. According to the official genealogy of the Oda clan, after Taira no Sukemori was killed in the [[Battle of Dannoura]] in 1185, [[Taira no Chikazane]], the son of Sukemori and a concubine, was entrusted to a [[Shinto]] priest at a [[Shinto Shrine]] in Otanosho in the [[Echizen province]]. This Chikazane became the founder of the Oda clan.<ref name="kotooda">{{cite web|url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%B9%94%E7%94%B0%E6%B0%8F-40492|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317033424/https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%B9%94%E7%94%B0%E6%B0%8F-40492#w-822874|script-title=ja:織田氏|language=ja|publisher=Kotobank|date=|archive-date=17 March 2024|access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="jkoda">{{cite web|url=https://japanknowledge.com/introduction/keyword.html?i=31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314100237/https://japanknowledge.com/introduction/keyword.html?i=31|script-title=ja:織田信長|language=ja|publisher=Japan Knowledge|date=|archive-date=14 March 2024|access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="yhoda">{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/c91b25ad7862f809884763c495155a3f6cea08e5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323114550/https://news.yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/c91b25ad7862f809884763c495155a3f6cea08e5|script-title=ja:織田信長の先祖は平氏ではなく、源平交代思想も疑わしい|language=ja|publisher=Yahoo News|date=22 January 2024|archive-date=23 March 2024|access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref>

According to modern theories, there is no evidence that the Oda clan was descended from the Taira clan, and there is a theory that they were actually descended from the [[Inbe clan]], who were [[Shinto]] priests in Otanosho. Fujiwara no Nobumasa, an ancestor of Nobunaga, is believed to have been adopted from the Inbe clan by the Fujiwara.<ref name="inbe">{{cite web|url=http://www2.harimaya.com/sengoku/html/oda_keiz.html|script-title=ja:織田氏の系譜考察|language=ja|publisher=Kamon World|date=29 September 2022|access-date=3 May 2024}}</ref> One theory as to why Nobunaga came to claim descent from the Taira clan is that he justified his own seizure of power by exploiting {{nihongo|the belief at the time that the [[Minamoto clan|Minamoto]] and Taira clans were destined to alternate in power|源平交替思想|Genpei kōtai shisō}}. In other words, the idea was that the Minamoto clan, the [[shogun]] of the [[Kamakura shogunate]], the [[Hōjō clan]], descended from the Taira clan (''[[Shikken]]'' of the Kamakura shogunate), the [[Ashikaga clan]], descended from the Minamoto clan (shogun of the [[Ashikaga shogunate]]), and the Oda clan, descended from the Taira clan, were destined to seize power in that order.<ref name="kotooda"/><ref name="jkoda"/><ref name="yhoda"/>

However, there are theories that question whether the people of that time really believed in this idea,<ref name="yhoda"/> and whether the Hojo clan was really descended from the Taira clan.<ref name="nioda">{{cite web|url=https://www.nippon.com/ja/japan-topics/c10501/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218225747/https://www.nippon.com/ja/japan-topics/c10501/|script-title=ja:源平は名門の証しとして威光を保ち続けた|language=ja|publisher=nippon.com|date=28 September 2021|archive-date=18 December 2022|access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="rkoda">{{cite web|url=https://www.rekishijin.com/17683|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322215348/https://www.rekishijin.com/17683|script-title=ja:源氏政権樹立に尽力した「北条氏」のルーツは平氏だった？|language=ja|publisher=Rekishijin|date=2 February 2022|archive-date=22 March 2023|access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="proda">{{cite web|url=https://president.jp/articles/-/54436|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630163418/https://president.jp/articles/-/54436|script-title=ja:｢平家を捨て源氏に乗り換える｣教科書には載っていない北条時政と源頼朝の篤すぎる信頼関係|language=ja|publisher=Yahoo News|date=6 February 2022|archive-date=30 June 2022|access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref>

===Independence===
In the middle of the [[Muromachi period]], the Oda clan served the [[Shiba clan]], {{nihongo3||守護|[[Shugo]]}} of [[Echizen province]], and when Shiba Yoshishige was appointed ''Shugo'' of [[Owari province]] and moved to Owari, the Oda clan followed suit, and Oda Jōshō became a {{nihongo3||守護代|[[Shugodai]]}} serving the Shiba clan.<ref name="kotooda"/>

After the [[Onin War]], the Shiba clan split into two factions and began warring, and from around 1466, the Oda clan also split into two factions and began warring, with Iwakura Castle and [[Kiyosu Castle]] as their respective strongholds.<ref name="kotooda"/>

After the Onin War, the power of the Shiba clan declined, and in 1513, Oda Tatsusada rebelled against the Shiba clan, but the rebellion failed and he was killed. then, [[Oda Nobutomo]] increased his power and made the Shiba clan his puppets. During the [[Tenbun]] period, [[Oda Nobuhide]] overtook the main family and increased his power. In 1538, Nobuhide captured [[Nagoya Castle]] and became the most powerful [[daimyo|sengoku daimyo]] in Owari Province.<ref name="yhshiba">{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/b63636a5d6907e547e0ab0445d25316a61f1b0ac|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124413/https://news.yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/b63636a5d6907e547e0ab0445d25316a61f1b0ac|script-title=ja:かつて織田信長の主君だった、管領で尾張国守護の斯波氏の悲惨な末路とは|language=ja|publisher=Yahoo News|date=10 June 2023|archive-date=23 March 2024|access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="nj230324">{{cite web|url=https://www.touken-world.jp/history/history-important-word/oda-nobuhide/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124919/https://www.touken-world.jp/history/history-important-word/oda-nobuhide/|script-title=ja:織田信秀|language=ja|publisher=The Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum Nagoya Touken world|date=|archive-date=23 March 2024|access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref>

===Nobunaga's reign===
Oda Nobuhide took Nagoya Castle in 1538 (it was given to Nobunaga in 1542), and built [[Furuwatari Castle]]. [[Oda Nobutomo]] held Kiyosu Castle, but he was besieged and killed in 1555 by his nephew [[Oda Nobunaga]] who operated from Nagoya Castle. This led to the family being divided into several branches, until the branch led by [[Oda Nobunaga]] eclipsed the others and unified its control over Owari.

Then turning to neighboring rivals, it, one by one achieved dominance over the [[Imagawa clan|Imagawa]], [[Saitō clan|Saitō]], [[Azai clan|Azai]], [[Asakura clan|Asakura]], [[Takeda clan|Takeda]] and other clans, until Nobunaga held control over central Japan. However, Nobunaga's plans for national domination were thwarted when he fell victim to the treachery of his vassal [[Akechi Mitsuhide]] who forced Nobunaga into suicide during the [[Incident at Honnō-ji]] in the summer of 1582. The Oda remained titular overlords of central Japan for a short time, before being surpassed by the family of one of Nobunaga's chief generals, [[Hashiba Hideyoshi]].

===Edo period===
Though the Oda were effectively eclipsed by [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] following Nobunaga's death, it is not often known that the Oda continued to be a presence in Japanese politics. One branch of the family became ''hatamoto'' retainers to the Tokugawa shōgun, while other branches became minor ''daimyō'' lords. As of the end of the Edo period, these included [[Tendō Domain]] (also known as Takahata Domain, [[Dewa Province]], 20,000 ''koku''), [[Yanagimoto Domain|Yanagimoto han]] ([[Yamato Province]], 10,000 ''koku''), Kaiju han (also known as Shibamura han; Yamato Province, 10,000 ''koku''), and Kaibara han ([[Tanba Province]], 20,000 ''koku'').

During the reign of the ''daimyō'' Nobutoshi, the Oda of Tendō Domain were signatories to the pact that created the [[Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei]].

=== After Meiji Restoration ===
After the [[Meiji Restoration]] in 1871, the [[Han system|feudal domains]] were abolished, and all the four houses of the Oda clan were appointed [[viscount]]s in the new hereditary peerage (''[[kazoku]]'').<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |title=Nihon dai hyakka zensho |publisher=Shōgakkan |year=1989 |isbn=4-09-526001-7 |at=織田氏 |oclc=14970117}}</ref>

==Descendants==
Descendants of the Oda clan can be found throughout Japan, mainly in the south and southwest.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}

==Notable figures ==
[[Image:Oda-Nobunaga.jpg|thumb|right|Oda Nobunaga, the most famous member of the Oda clan]]
* [[Oda Chikazane]] (ca. 13th century)
* [[Oda Nobuhide]] (1510&ndash;1551)
* [[Oda Nobuhiro]] (died 1574)
* [[Oda Nobunaga]] (1534&ndash;1582)
* [[Oda Nobuyuki]] (1536&ndash;1557)
* [[Oda Nobukane]] (1548&ndash;1614)
* [[Oda Nagamasu]] (1548&ndash;1622)
* [[Oda Nobuharu]] (1549&ndash;1570)
* [[Oda Nobuzumi]] (1555&ndash;1583)
* [[Oda Nobutada]] (1557&ndash;1582)
* [[Oda Nobutaka]] (1558&ndash;1583)
* [[Oda Nobukatsu]] (1558&ndash;1630)
* [[Hashiba Hidekatsu]] (羽柴 秀勝, 1567&ndash;1593)
* [[Oda Katsunaga]] (1568&ndash;1582)
* [[Oda Hidekatsu]] (織田 秀雄, 1583&ndash;1610)
* [[Oda Hidenobu]] (1580&ndash;1605)
* [[Oda Nobutoshi]] (1853&ndash;1901)
* [[Nobunari Oda|Oda Nobunari]] (1987&ndash;)

=== Notable female members ===
*[[Oichi]] (1547–1583)
*[[Lady Otsuya]]
*[[Tokuhime (Oda)|Tokuhime]]
*[[Kitsuno]]
*[[Nōhime]]
*[[Dota Gozen]]

==Clan retainers==
{{col-start}}
{{col-4}}
'''Senior retainer families'''
* Hirate clan
* Takigawa clan
* Sakuma clan
* Fuwa clan
* [[Hayashi clan (Owari)|Hayashi clan]]
* [[Shibata clan]]
* [[Niwa clan]]
* [[Maeda clan]]
* Sassa clan
{{col-4}}
'''Notable retainer families'''
* [[Akechi clan]]
* [[Mori (Genji clan)|Mori clan]]
* [[Toyotomi clan|Hashiba clan]]
* [[Tokugawa clan]]
{{col-4}}
{{col-end}}

=== Nobunaga's notable retainers ===
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'''Senior retainers in Owari Province'''
* [[Hirate Masahide]]
* [[Hayashi Hidesada]]
* [[Murai Sadakatsu]]
* [[Kawajiri Hidetaka]]
* [[Mizuno Nobumoto]]
* [[Sakuma Nobumori]]
* [[Shibata Katsuie]]
* [[Takigawa Kazumasu]]
* [[Mori Yoshinari]]
* [[Sakai Masahisa]]
* [[Niwa Nagahide]]
* [[Ikeda Tsuneoki]]
* [[Sassa Narimasa]]
* [[Maeda Toshiie]]
* [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]]
* [[Hachisuka Masakatsu]]
* [[Hori Hidemasa]]
* [[Sakuma Morimasa]]
* [[Yamauchi Katsutoyo]]
* Hasegawa Hidekazu
* Naitō Shōsuke
* Harada Naomasa
* Yanada Masatsuna
* Ōta Gyūichi
* Iio Sadamune
{{col-4}}
'''Others'''
* [[Takenaka Shigeharu|Takenaka Hanbei]]
* [[Kuroda Yoshitaka]]
* [[Akechi Mitsuhide]]
* [[Mori Nagayoshi]]
* [[Ujiie Bokuzen]]
* [[Inaba Yoshimichi]]
* [[Andō Morinari]]
* [[Matsunaga Hisahide]]
* [[Kuki Yoshitaka]]
* [[Kani Saizō]]
* [[Kanamori Nagachika]]
* [[Gamō Katahide]]
* [[Gamō Ujisato]]
* [[Mori Ranmaru]]
* [[Asakura Kageakira]]
* [[Fuwa Mitsuharu]]
* [[Araki Murashige]]
* [[Hirate Kiyohide]]
* [[Hosokawa Fujitaka]]
* [[Ikeda Nobuteru]]
* [[Ikoma Ienaga]]
* [[Maeda Gen'i]]
* [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]]
{{col-4}}
'''Others (cont.)'''
* [[Murai Sadakatsu]]
* [[Nakagawa Kiyohide]]
* [[Takayama Ukon]]
* [[Tsutsui Junkei]]
* [[Wada Koremasa]]
* [[Yamauchi Kazutoyo]]
* [[Asano Nagamasa]]
* Hachisuka Hikoemon
* [[Ishida Mitsunari]]
* Murai Nagato
* [[Sakon Shima]]
* [[Kuroda Kanbei]]
* Yamanuchi Katsutoyo
* [[Horio Mosuke]]
* Kitabatake Toshikatsu
* Maeno Suemon
* [[Tōdō Takatora]]
* Akada Shigeyoshi
* Akada Shigetaka
* [[Aochi Shigetsuna]]
* [[Atagi Nobuyasu]]
* [[Chō Tsuratatsu]]
{{col-4}}
'''Others (cont.)'''
* Endō Taneshige
* Fukutomi Hidekatsu
* Gotō Takaharu
* [[Hachiya Yoritaka]]
* Hatakeyama Sadamasa
* Hayashi Shinjiro
* Hirate Norihide
* Horiuchi Ujiyoshi
* Ikai Nobusada
* [[Inaba Masashige]]
* [[Kaganoi Shigemochi]]
* Kanemitsu Masayoshi
* [[Katō Yoshiaki]]
* [[Kawajiri Hidetaka]]
* Kotsokuri Tomomasa
* [[Kyōgoku Takatsugu]]
* [[Maeba Yoshitsugu]]
* [[Maeda Toshiharu]]
* [[Maeno Nagayasu]]
* [[Ikoma Chikamasa]]
* Mikumo Shigemochi
* [[Yasuke]]
{{col-4}}
{{col-end}}

==Clan castles==
{{col-start}}
{{col-3}}
'''Castles of Nobunaga's Residence'''
# [[Nagoya Castle]]
# [[Kiyosu Castle]]
# [[Komakiyama Castle]]
# [[Gifu Castle]]
# [[Azuchi Castle]]
{{col-3}}
'''Prominent castles and commanders'''
:* [[Tamaru Castle]] : [[Oda Nobukatsu]]
:* [[Nagahama Castle]] : [[Hashiba Hideyoshi]]
:* [[Sakamoto Castle]] : [[Akechi Mitsuhide]]
:* [[Fukuchiyama Castle]] : Akechi clan
:* [[Kameyama Castle (Kyoto)|Kameyama Castle]] : Akechi clan
:* [[Kuroi Castle]] : Akechi clan ([[Saitō Toshimitsu]])
:* [[Shōryūji Castle]] : [[Hosokawa Fujitaka]]
:* [[Sawayama Castle]] : [[Niwa Nagahide]]
:* [[Maebashi Castle]] : [[Takigawa Kazumasu]]
:* [[Shigisan Castle]] : [[Matsunaga Hisahide]]
{{col-3}}
[[Image:Nagoya Castle(Edit2).jpg|thumb|right|Nagoya Castle]]
{{col-3}}
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[http://www2.harimaya.com/sengoku/html/oda_k.html Information on the Oda clan's background] {{in lang|ja}}

{{openhistory}}

[[Category:Oda clan| ]]
[[Category:Japanese clans]]
[[Category:Daimyo]]