View source for Ohi Day

{{Short description|Holiday in Greece on 28 October}}
{{Redirect|OXI}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name  = Ohi Day<br />(Ημέρα του όχι)
| image         = 
| imagesize     = 
| caption       = 
| official_name = 
| nickname      = 
| observedby    = [[Greece]], [[Cyprus]], and [[Greek diaspora]]
| litcolor      = 
| longtype      = 
| significance  = 
| begins        = 
| ends          = 
| date          = 28 October
| duration      = 1 day
| frequency     = Annual
| celebrations  = [[Family reunions]], military and student [[parades]]
| observances   = 
| relatedto     = 
| type          = 
| alt           = 
| weekday       = 
| month         = 
| firsttime     = 
| startedby     = 
}}

[[Image:Blason et drapeau grec commémoration jour du non.JPG|thumb|Emblem of the [[8th Infantry Division (Greece)|8th Infantry Division]], the first unit to face the Italian invasion: its motto is ''Ohi''.]]

'''Ohi Day'''  ({{langx|el|Επέτειος του Όχι|Epéteios tou Óchi|lit=Anniversary of the No}}; {{IPA|el|eˈpetios tu ˈoçi}}) is celebrated throughout [[Greece]], [[Cyprus]] and the [[Greek diaspora|Greek communities around the world]] on 28 October each year. ''Ohi  Day'' commemorates the rejection by the [[4th of August |Greek]] [[Ioannis Metaxas]] of the [[ultimatum]] made by Italian dictator [[Benito Mussolini]] on 28 October 1940 and the subsequent Hellenic counterattack against the invading Italian forces at the mountains of [[Pindus]] during the [[Greco-Italian War]] and [[Greek resistance]] during the [[Axis occupation of Greece|Axis occupation]].

==Background==
Shortly after 03:00 am on 28 October 1940, the Italian ambassador to Greece, [[Emanuele Grazzi]], departed from a party at the Italian embassy in [[Athens]] to visit [[Ioannis Metaxas]]. Ambassador Grazzi presented Metaxas with an ultimatum: either permit [[Axis powers|Axis forces]] to enter and occupy unspecified "strategic locations," or face the prospect of war. Metaxas is reported to have responded with a single [[laconic phrase|laconic]] word, {{Lang|el|όχι}} ("No!"). It was later determined that his actual reply was in [[French language|French]]: {{Lang|fr|"Alors, c’est la guerre!"}} ("Then, it is war!").<ref>{{cite news |author=Δημήτρης Σταθακόπουλος |date=25 October 2014 |title="Alors, c'est la guerre" "επομένως πόλεμος", ή αλλιώς το λεγόμενο ΟΧΙ |trans-title="Alors, c'est la guerre" "therefore war", or otherwise the so-called NO |url=http://www.kalavrytanews.com/2014/10/Alors-cest-la-guerre-to-oxi-toy-metaxa.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106052253/http://www.kalavrytanews.com/2014/10/Alors-cest-la-guerre-to-oxi-toy-metaxa.html |archive-date=6 January 2015 |access-date=6 January 2015 |work=Καλάβρυτα NEWS |language=el |trans-work=KALAVRITA - NEWS}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 October 2013 |title=Οχι. alors c'est la guerre |trans-title=No. alors c'est la guerre |url=http://www.iefimerida.gr/tag/%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%B9-alors-cest-la-guerre |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029015305/http://www.iefimerida.gr/tag/%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%B9-alors-cest-la-guerre |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=6 January 2015 |work=Iefimerida |language=el}}</ref>

Following Metaxas's refusal, Italian troops stationed in [[Albania]], which was then an [[Kingdom of Albania in personal union with Italy|Italian protectorate]], [[Greco-Italian War|attacked]] the Greek border at 05:30 am, initiating Greece's [[German invasion of Greece|participation]] in World War II.

Later that same morning, citizens across Greece, irrespective of political affiliation, took to the streets, shouting "''όχι''" as they marched in protest.

As a result, Ohi Day has been commemorated annually since 1942 on October 28. Originally observed by resistance members only, it became a national holiday after World War II and continues to be celebrated by Greek-speaking communities across the world today.<ref>{{cite web |date=2018-10-22 |title=October 28 Holiday In Greece - Oxi Day |url=https://www.xpatathens.com/living-in-athens/survival-guide/greek-traditions/item/2112-october-28-holiday-in-greece-oxi-day |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226172702/https://www.xpatathens.com/living-in-athens/survival-guide/greek-traditions/item/2112-october-28-holiday-in-greece-oxi-day |archive-date=2019-02-26 |access-date=2019-02-25 |website=XPat Athens}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=OHI Day - The 28th of October {{!}} Η Μέρα του ΟΧΙ - Η 28η Οκτωβρίου |url=http://www.ilearngreek.com/greek_traditions/ohi_day.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613085004/http://www.ilearngreek.com/greek_traditions/ohi_day.asp |archive-date=2018-06-13 |access-date=2019-02-25 |website=I Learn Greek}}</ref> 

Presently, Ohi Day is a national public holiday in Greece and Cyprus, and is marked by military parades, church services, and community gatherings celebrating the importance of national sovereignty and resilience in the face of adversity. This is meant to foster a sense of unity and remembrance, and pay tribute to those who stood against fascism during an exceptionally tumultuous period in Europe’s history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ochi Day (Greece and Cyprus) {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCO Research |url=https://www.ebsco.com/ |access-date=2025-10-28 |website=EBSCO |language=en}}</ref>

The word "''{{Lang|el|όχι}}''" first appeared in the newspaper ''Ellinikon Mellon'' ({{Translation|''Hellenic Future''}}) on October 30, 1940 as the title of an article written by Nikos P. Efstratiou.[[File:Ellinikon_Mellon_30_October_1940.jpg|thumb|Front page of Ellinikon Mellon newspaper with first usage of "ohi"]]

== In popular culture ==
* ''Kontserto gia polyvola'' (1967)
* ''Oxi'' (1969)
* ''The Battle of Crete'' (1970)
* ''October 28th, Time 5:30'' (1975)
* ''[[Lieutenant Natasha]]'' (1970)
* ''Oi gennaioi tou Vorra'' (1970)
* ''The Mediterranean in Flames'' (1970)
* ''Submarine Papanikolis'' (1971)<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 28, 2016 |title=Αγαπημένες ελληνικές ταινίες για το έπος του '40 |trans-title=Favorite Greek movies about the 40's epic |url=https://newpost.gr/media/agaphmenes-ellhnikes-tainies-gia-to-epos-toy-40/ |access-date=2017-10-28 |work=Newpost.gr}}</ref>
* The title track from [[Sabaton (band)|Sabaton]]'s ''[[Coat of Arms (Sabaton album)|Coat of Arms]]'' is about Ohi Day
* Greek-American Comedian [[Yannis Pappas]] & His Mr. Panos "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ig8sgY5vRWM Oxi Day]" Routine (2010)

==See also==
* [[Axis occupation of Greece]]
* [[Battle of Greece]]
* [[Greco-Italian War]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Symbols of Greece}}
{{Greece during World War II}}

[[Category:History of modern Greece]]
[[Category:Culture of Greece]]
[[Category:Culture of Cyprus]]
[[Category:October observances]]