View source for Orders of magnitude (mass)

{{Short description|Comparison of a wide range of masses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
To help compare different ''[[Order of magnitude|orders of magnitude]]'', the following lists describe various ''[[mass]]'' levels between 10<sup>&minus;67</sup> [[kilograms]] (kg) and 10<sup>52</sup> kg.  The least massive thing listed here is a [[graviton]], and the most massive thing is the [[Mass of the observable universe|observable universe]].  Typically, an object having greater mass will also have greater weight (see [[mass versus weight]]), especially if the objects are subject to the same  [[gravitational field|gravitational field strength]].

==Units of mass==
{{SI multiples
| unit = gram
| symbol = g
| note = Common prefixes are in bold face.<ref>Criterion: A combined total of at least 250,000 Google hits on both the modern spelling ({{nbhyph}}gram) and the dated British spelling ({{nbhyph}}gramme).<sub>{{nbsp}}</sub></ref>
| n= | μ= | m= | c= | k= |  mc=
| xM = megagram ('''[[tonne]]''')
| xmc = microgram (mcg)
}}

The table above is based on the [[kilogram]], the base unit of mass in the [[International System of Units]] ([[SI]]). The kilogram is the only standard unit to include an [[SI prefix]] (''kilo-'') as part of its name. The ''[[gram]]'' (10<sup>−3</sup> kg) is an SI derived unit of mass. However, the ''names'' of all SI mass units are based on ''gram'', rather than on ''kilogram''; thus 10<sup>3</sup> kg is a ''megagram'' (10<sup>6</sup>&nbsp;g), not a *''kilokilogram''.

The ''[[tonne]]'' (t) is an SI-compatible unit of mass equal to a megagram (''Mg''), or 10<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;kg. The unit is in common use for masses above about 10<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;kg and is often used with SI prefixes. For example, a gigagram (''Gg'') or 10<sup>9</sup>&nbsp;g is 10<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;tonnes, commonly called a ''kilotonne''.

=== Other units ===
Other units of mass are also in use.  Historical units include the [[Stone (imperial mass)|stone]], the [[Pound (mass)|pound]], the [[Carat (mass)|carat]], and the [[Grain (unit)|grain]].

For subatomic particles, physicists use the mass-equivalent of an [[electronvolt]] (eV). At the atomic level, chemists use the mass of one-twelfth of a carbon-12 atom (the [[Dalton (unit)|dalton]]). Astronomers use the [[Solar mass|mass of the sun]] ({{Solar mass|link=y}}).
{{Clear}}

===The least massive things: below 10<sup>&minus;24</sup> kg ===

Unlike other physical quantities, mass–energy does not have an ''a priori'' expected minimal quantity, or an observed basic quantum as in the case of [[Elementary charge|electric charge]]. [[Planck's law]] allows for the existence of [[photons]] with arbitrarily low energies. Consequently, there can only ever be an experimental upper bound on the mass of a supposedly massless particle; in the case of the photon, this confirmed upper bound is of the order of {{val|3|e=−27|u=eV/c2}} = {{val|e=−62|u=kg}}.

{| class="wikitable sortable"

!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]])
!Value
!Item
|-
||10<sup id="-67">&minus;67</sup>
|1.07{{e|&minus;67}} kg
|[[Graviton]], upper bound (6{{e|&minus;32}} eV/''c''<sup>2</sup>)<ref name="Particle_table_2020">{{cite web  |last=Zyla |first=P.  |display-authors=etal  |collaboration=[[Particle Data Group]]  |year=2020  |url=https://pdg.lbl.gov/2020/tables/rpp2020-sum-gauge-higgs-bosons.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930163307/https://pdg.lbl.gov/2020/tables/rpp2020-sum-gauge-higgs-bosons.pdf |archive-date=2020-09-30 |url-status=live  |title=Review of Particle Physics: Gauge and Higgs bosons }}</ref>
|-
||10<sup id="-40">&minus;40</sup>
|4.2{{e|&minus;40}} kg
|[[Mass–energy equivalence|Mass equivalent]] of the energy of a [[photon]] at the peak of the spectrum of the [[cosmic microwave background radiation]] (0.235 meV/''c''<sup>2</sup>)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fixsen |first1=D. J. |year=2009 |title=The Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]] |volume=707 |issue=2 |pages=916–920 |arxiv=0911.1955 |bibcode=2009ApJ...707..916F |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/916|s2cid=119217397 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-36">&minus;36</sup>
|1.8{{e|&minus;36}} kg
|1 eV/''c''<sup>2</sup>, the [[Mass–energy equivalence|mass equivalent]] of one [[electronvolt]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=0&num=1&From=ev&To=kg&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor |title= Conversion from eV to kg |publisher= NIST | website = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |access-date=2011-10-19 }}</ref>
|-
|3.6{{e|&minus;36}} kg
|[[Neutrino|Electron neutrino]], upper limit on mass (2 eV/''c''<sup>2</sup>)<ref>
"The most sensitive analysis on the neutrino mass [...]  is compatible with a neutrino mass of zero. Considering its uncertainties this value corresponds to an upper limit on the electron neutrino mass of m<2.2 eV/c<sup>2</sup> (95% Confidence Level)" [http://www.physik.uni-mainz.de/exakt/neutrino/en_experiment.html The Mainz Neutrino Mass Experiment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220947/http://www.physik.uni-mainz.de/exakt/neutrino/en_experiment.html |date=2016-03-03 }}
</ref> 
|-
|10<sup id="-33">&minus;33</sup><br/>quectogram&nbsp;(qg)  <!-- 10e-33 Kilograms is 10e-30 grams-->
|
|
|-
|10<sup id="-31">&minus;31</sup>
|9.11{{e|&minus;31}} kg
|[[Electron]] (511 keV/''c''<sup>2</sup>), the lightest [[elementary particle]] with a measured nonzero [[rest mass]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?me |title=CODATA Value: electron mass |publisher= NIST | website = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |access-date=2011-08-21 }}</ref>
|-
|10<sup id="-30">&minus;30</sup><br/>rontogram&nbsp;(rg)  <!-- 10e-30 Kilograms is 10e-27 grams-->
|3.0–5.5{{e|&minus;30}} kg
|[[Up quark]] ([[Quark#Mass|as a current quark]])  (1.7–3.1 MeV/''c''<sup>2</sup>)<ref name="PDG2011">
{{cite web
  |author=K. Nakamura
  |author2=Particle Data Group
  |author2-link=Particle Data Group
  |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/tables/rpp2011-sum-quarks.pdf
  |title=PDGLive Particle Summary 'Quarks (u, d, s, c, b, t, b', t', Free)'
  |publisher=[[Particle Data Group]]
  |date=2011
  |access-date=2011-08-08
}}</ref>
|-
|10<sup id="-28">&minus;28</sup> 
|1.9{{e|&minus;28}} kg
|[[Muon]] (106 MeV/''c''<sup>2</sup>)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mmu |title=CODATA Value: muon mass |publisher= NIST | website = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |access-date=2011-08-23 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="-27">&minus;27</sup><br/>yoctogram&nbsp;(yg)  <!-- 10e-27 Kilograms is 10e-24 grams-->
|1.661{{e|&minus;27}} kg
|[[Dalton (unit)|Dalton]] (Da), a.k.a. unified atomic mass unit (u)
|-
|1.673{{e|&minus;27}} kg
|[[Proton]] (938.3 MeV/''c''<sup>2</sup>)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mp |title=CODATA Value: proton mass |publisher= NIST | website = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |access-date=2011-08-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mpc2mev |title=CODATA Value: proton mass energy equivalent in MeV |publisher= NIST | website = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |access-date=2011-08-23 }}</ref>
|-
|1.674{{e|&minus;27}} kg
|[[Hydrogen]] atom, the lightest atom
|-
|1.675{{e|&minus;27}} kg
|[[Neutron]] (939.6 MeV/''c''<sup>2</sup>)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mn |title=CODATA Value: neutron mass |publisher= NIST | website = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |access-date=2011-08-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mnc2mev |title=CODATA Value: neutron mass energy equivalent in MeV |publisher= NIST | website = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |access-date=2011-08-23 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3|10<sup id="-26">&minus;26</sup>
|1.2{{e|&minus;26}} kg
|[[Lithium]] atom (6.941 Da)
|-
|3.0{{e|&minus;26}} kg
|[[Water molecule]] (18.015 Da)
|-
|8.0{{e|&minus;26}} kg
|[[Titanium]] atom (47.867 Da)
|-
|rowspan=7|10<sup id="-25">&minus;25</sup>
|1.1{{e|&minus;25}} kg
|[[Copper]] atom (63.546 Da)
|-
|1.6{{e|&minus;25}} kg
|[[W and Z bosons|Z boson]] (91.2 GeV/''c''<sup>2</sup>)<ref name="Amsler2008">{{Cite journal | last1 = Amsler | first1 = C. | last2 = Doser | first2 = M. | last3 = Antonelli | first3 = M. | last4 = Asner | first4 = D. | last5 = Babu | first5 = K. | last6 = Baer | first6 = H. | last7 = Band | first7 = H. | last8 = Barnett | first8 = R. | last9 = Bergren | first9 = E. | last10 = Beringer | first10 = J. | last11 = Bernardi | first11 = G. | last12 = Bertl | first12 = W. | last13 = Bichsel | first13 = H. | last14 = Biebel | first14 = O. | last15 = Bloch | first15 = P. | last16 = Blucher | first16 = E. | last17 = Blusk | first17 = S. | last18 = Cahn | first18 = R. N. | last19 = Carena | first19 = M. | last20 = Caso | first20 = C. | last21 = Ceccucci | first21 = A. | last22 = Chakraborty | first22 = D. | last23 = Chen | first23 = M. -C. | last24 = Chivukula | first24 = R. S. | last25 = Cowan | first25 = G. | last26 = Dahl | first26 = O. | last27 = d'Ambrosio | first27 = G. | last28 = Damour | first28 = T. | last29 = De Gouvêa | first29 = A. | last30 = Degrand | first30 = T. | title = Review of Particle Physics⁎ | doi = 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018 | journal = Physics Letters B | volume = 667 | issue = 1 | page = 1 | year = 2008 | url = http://pdglive.lbl.gov/Rsummary.brl?nodein=S044&fsizein=1 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120712165412/http://pdglive.lbl.gov/Rsummary.brl?nodein=S044&fsizein=1 | archive-date = 2012-07-12 | bibcode = 2008PhLB..667....1A | display-authors = 29 | hdl = 1854/LU-685594 | s2cid = 227119789 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>
|-
|2.2{{e|&minus;25}} kg
|[[Higgs boson]] (125 GeV/''c''<sup>2</sup>)
|-
|3.1{{e|&minus;25}} kg
|[[Top quark]] (173 GeV/''c''<sup>2</sup>),<ref>
{{cite web
 |author=K. Nakamura
 |author2=Particle Data Group
 |author2-link=Particle Data Group
 |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/tables/rpp2011-sum-quarks.pdf
 |title=PDGLive Particle Summary 'Quarks (u, d, s, c, b, t, b', t', Free)'
 |publisher=[[Particle Data Group]]
 |date=2011
 |access-date=2011-08-08
}}</ref> the heaviest known [[elementary particle]]
|-
|3.2{{e|&minus;25}} kg
|[[Caffeine]] molecule (194 Da)
|-
|3.5{{e|&minus;25}} kg
|[[Lead]]-208 atom
|-
|4.9{{e|&minus;25}} kg
|[[Oganesson]]-294 atom, the heaviest known [[nuclide]]
|}

=== 10<sup>−24</sup> to 10<sup>−18</sup> kg ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]])
!Value
!Item
|-
|10<sup id="-24">&minus;24</sup><br/>zeptogram&nbsp;(zg)
|1.2{{e|&minus;24}} kg
|[[Buckminsterfullerene|Buckyball]] molecule (720 Da)
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-23">&minus;23</sup>
|1.4{{e|&minus;23}} kg
|[[Ubiquitin]], a small ubiquitous protein (8.6 [[Dalton (unit)|kDa]])<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.channel-proteomes.com/projects/cav2env/proteins/P62989 |title= Ubiquitin |publisher= Channel Proteomes |access-date= 2011-10-12 |archive-date= 4 October 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151004152502/http://www.channel-proteomes.com/projects/cav2env/proteins/P62989 }}</ref><!-- 8.6e3 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/dalton = 1.4e−23 kg -->
|-
|5.5{{e|&minus;23}} kg
|A typical [[protein]] (median size of roughly 300 [[amino acid]]s ≈ 33 kDa)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.weizmann.ac.il/plants/Milo/images/proteinSize110623Clean.pdf |title= How big is the "average" protein? |author= Ron Milo |access-date= 2011-10-13 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110808031350/http://www.weizmann.ac.il/plants/Milo/images/proteinSize110623Clean.pdf |archive-date= 2011-08-08 }}</ref><!-- 300 amino acids × 110 daltons/amino acid ≈ 3.3e4 daltons.   3.3e4 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/ dalton = 5.5e−21 kg -->
|-
|10<sup id="-22">&minus;22</sup>
|1.1{{e|&minus;22}} kg
|[[Hemoglobin|Haemoglobin A]] molecule in blood (64.5 kDa)<ref>{{cite journal |author=Van Beekvelt MC |author2=Colier WN |author3=Wevers RA|author4=Van Engelen BG |title=Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle |journal=J Appl Physiol |volume=90 |issue=2 |pages=511–519 |date=Feb 2001 |pmid=11160049  |issn=8750-7587 |doi=10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.511|s2cid=15468862 }}</ref><!-- 6.45e4 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/dalton = 1.1e−22 kg -->
|-
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="-21">&minus;21</sup><br/>attogram&nbsp;(ag)
|1.65{{e|&minus;21}} kg
|Double-stranded [[DNA]] molecule consisting of 1,578 [[base pair]]s (995 kDa)<ref>From attograms to Daltons: Cornell NEMS device detects the mass of a single DNA molecule [https://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/May05/DNAcount.ws.html]. Retrieved 2010-10-14</ref>
|-
|4.3{{e|&minus;21}} kg
|Prokaryotic [[ribosome]] (2.6 [[Dalton (unit)|MDa]])<ref name="ETH_ribosome">{{cite web |url= http://www.mol.biol.ethz.ch/groups/ban_group/Ribosome |title= Eukaryotic Ribosome |publisher= ETH Zurich |access-date= 2011-10-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110911130032/http://www.mol.biol.ethz.ch/groups/ban_group/Ribosome |archive-date= 2011-09-11 }}</ref><!-- 2.6e6 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/dalton = 4.3e−21 kg -->
|-
|7.1{{e|&minus;21}} kg
|Eukaryotic [[ribosome]] (4.3 MDa)<ref name=ETH_ribosome /><!-- 4.3e6 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/ dalton = 7.1e−21 kg -->
|-
|7.6{{e|&minus;21}} kg
|[[Brome mosaic virus]], a small [[virus]] (4.6 MDa)<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Bockstahler | first1 = L. | last2 = Kaesberg | first2 = P. | title = The Molecular Weight and Other Biophysical Properties of Bromegrass Mosaic Virus | doi = 10.1016/S0006-3495(62)86836-2 | journal = Biophysical Journal | volume = 2 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–9 | year = 1962 | pmid =  19431313| pmc =1366384 |bibcode = 1962BpJ.....2....1B }}</ref><!-- 4.6e6 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/ dalton = 7.6e−21 kg -->
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-20">&minus;20</sup>
|3{{e|&minus;20}} kg
|[[Synaptic vesicle]] in rats (16.1 ± 3.8 MDa)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=102736 |title= Atomic mass of synaptic vesicle – Rat Rattus |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-09 }}</ref><!-- 16.1e6 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/dalton = 2.67e−20 kg and round to 3e−20 kg -->
|-
|6.8{{e|&minus;20}} kg
|[[Tobacco mosaic virus]] (41 MDa)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=y&id=105958&lnsh=1 |title= Molecular weight – Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) – BNID 105958 |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-09 }}</ref><!-- 4.08e7 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/dalton = 6.78e−20 kg -->
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-19">&minus;19</sup>
|1.1{{e|&minus;19}} kg
|[[Nuclear pore complex]] in yeast (66 MDa)<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Rout | first1 = M. P. | last2 = Blobel | first2 = G. | title = Isolation of the yeast nuclear pore complex | doi = 10.1083/jcb.123.4.771 | journal = The Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 123 | issue = 4 | pages = 771–783 | year = 1993 | pmid =  8227139| pmc =2200146 }}</ref><!-- 6.6e7 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/dalton = 1.1e−19 kg -->
|-
|2.5{{e|&minus;19}} kg
|Human [[adenovirus]] (150 MDa)<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Liu | first1 = H. | last2 = Jin | first2 = L. | last3 = Koh | first3 = S. B. S. | last4 = Atanasov | first4 = I. | last5 = Schein | first5 = S. | last6 = Wu | first6 = L. | last7 = Zhou | first7 = Z. H. | doi = 10.1126/science.1187433 | title = Atomic Structure of Human Adenovirus by Cryo-EM Reveals Interactions Among Protein Networks | journal = Science | volume = 329 | issue = 5995 | pages = 1038–1043 | year = 2010 | pmid =  20798312| pmc = 3412078| url = https://virology.cornell.edu/Liu.pdf|bibcode = 2010Sci...329.1038L }}</ref><!-- 1.5e8 daltons × 1.661e−27 kg/dalton = 2.5e−19 kg -->
|}

=== 10<sup>−18</sup> to 10<sup>−12</sup> kg ===
{{anchor|femtogram|picogram}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]])
!Value
!Item
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-18">&minus;18</sup><br/>femtogram&nbsp;(fg)
|1{{e|&minus;18}} kg
|[[HIV|HIV-1]] virus<ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?&id=101667&ver=10 |title= Virus diameter of HIV-1 - HIV |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-11-01 }}</ref><ref>Calculated :  volume = 4/3 × ''π'' × (126e−9 m / 2)<sup>3</sup> = 1.05e−21 m<sup>3</sup>.  Assume density = 1 g/cm<sup>3</sup> => mass = 1.05e−21 m<sup>3</sup> × 1e3 kg/m<sup>3</sup> = 1.05e−18 kg</ref>
|-
|4.7{{e|&minus;18}} kg
|[[DNA]] sequence of length 4.6 Mbp,<!-- This mass entry is calculated, not measured, as follows:  4.63e6 base pairs × 616 daltons / polymerized base pair × 1.66e−27 kg/dalton = 4.74e−18 kg.  Care has been taken to say this is the mass of a sequence, not the genome itself. --> the weight of the ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'' genome<ref>{{cite journal| journal=Science| author=Frederick R. Blattner| author2=Guy Plunkett III| display-authors= etal | volume=277| doi=10.1126/science.277.5331.1453 | title=The Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli K-12 |pmid= 9278503| pages=1453–1462 | date=1997| issue=5331 | doi-access=free}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-17">&minus;17</sup>
|~1{{e|&minus;17}} kg
|[[Vaccinia]] virus, a large virus<ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?&id=106860&ver=2 |title= Mass of virion - Virus Vaccinia |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-11-01 }}</ref>
|-
|1.1{{e|&minus;17}} kg
|[[Mass–energy equivalence|Mass equivalent]] of 1 [[joule]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=0&num=1&From=j&To=kg&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor |title= Conversion from J to kg |publisher= NIST | website = The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |access-date=2011-08-23 }}</ref>
|-
|10<sup id="-16">&minus;16</sup>
|3{{e|&minus;16}} kg
|''[[Prochlorococcus]]'' cyanobacteria, the smallest (and possibly most plentiful)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://genome.jgi-psf.org/prom9/prom9.home.html |title= Prochlorococcus marinus MIT 9313 - Home |publisher= Joint Genome Institute |access-date= 2011-11-01 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150520090323/http://genome.jgi-psf.org/prom9/prom9.home.html |archive-date= 2015-05-20 }}</ref> photosynthetic organism on Earth<ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?&id=101520&ver=6 |title= Size (diameter) of most abundant cyanobacteri - Prochlorococcus - BNID 101520 |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-11-01 }}</ref><ref name="mass_from_v_times_rho_1"/>
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-15">&minus;15</sup><br/>picogram&nbsp;(pg)
|1{{e|&minus;15}} kg
|''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'' bacterium (wet weight)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ccdb.wishartlab.com/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi |title=E. coli Statistics |publisher=The [[CyberCell]] Database |access-date=2011-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318223046/http://ccdb.wishartlab.com/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi |archive-date=2012-03-18 }}</ref>
|-
|6{{e|&minus;15}} kg
|[[DNA]] in a typical [[diploid]] human [[cell (biology)|cell]] (approximate)
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-14">&minus;14</sup>
|2.2{{e|&minus;14}} kg
|Human [[sperm]] cell<ref name="mass_from_v_times_rho_1"/><ref>M. R. Curry, J. D. Millar, S. M. Tamuli & P. F. Watson, "[[doi:10.1095/biolreprod55.6.1325|Surface Area & Volume Measurements for Ram & Human Spermatozoa]]," ''Biology of Reproduction'', 55, 6 (1996‑12‑01): 1325–32.</ref>
|-
|6{{e|&minus;14}} kg
|[[Yeast]] cell (quite variable)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.weizmann.ac.il/plants/Milo/images/YeastSize-Feb2010.pdf |title= How big is a yeast cell |author= Ron Milo |access-date= 2011-10-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110808031933/http://www.weizmann.ac.il/plants/Milo/images/YeastSize-Feb2010.pdf |archive-date= 2011-08-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=y&id=101795&hlid=64639 |title= "Rule of thumb" for cell mass |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-09 }}</ref>
|-
|10<sup id="-13">&minus;13</sup>
|1.5{{e|&minus;13}} kg
|''[[Dunaliella salina]]'', a [[green algae|green alga]] (dry weight)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=106042 |title= Cell dry weight - Green algae Dunaliella salina |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-14 }}</ref>
|}

=== 10<sup>−12</sup> to 10<sup>−6</sup> kg ===
[[File:Sand under electron microscope.jpg|thumb|[[Scanning electron micrograph]] showing grains of sand]]
{{anchor|nanogram}}{{anchor|microgram}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]])
!Value
!Item
|-
|rowspan=3|10<sup id="-12">&minus;12</sup><br/>nanogram&nbsp;(ng)
|1{{e|&minus;12}} kg
|Average human [[cell (biology)|cell]] (1 nanogram)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ebi.ac.uk/microarray/biology_intro.html  |title= A quick introduction to elements of biology - cells, molecules, genes, functional genomics, microarrays |publisher= European Bioinformatics Institute |quote=if we estimate the average weight of a human cell as about 10^-9 g}}</ref>
|-
|2–3{{e|&minus;12}} kg
|[[HeLa]] human cell<ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=103721 |title= Measured HeLa cell mass |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-09 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=103720 |title= Estimated HeLa cell mass |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-09 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Measurement of Single Cell Refractive Index, Dry Mass, Volume, and Density Using a Transillumination Microscope|first1=Kevin G.|last1=Phillips|first2=Steven L.|last2=Jacques|first3=Owen J. T.|last3=McCarty|date=13 September 2012|volume=109|issue=11|article-number = 118105|doi=10.1103/physrevlett.109.118105|pmid=23005682|bibcode = 2012PhRvL.109k8105P|journal=Physical Review Letters|pmc=3621783}}</ref>
|-
|8{{e|&minus;12}} kg
|Grain of [[birch]] [[pollen]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Schäppi | first1 = G. F. | last2 = Suphioglu | first2 = C. | last3 = Taylor | first3 = P. E. | last4 = Knox | first4 = R. B. | title = Concentrations of the major birch tree allergen Bet v 1 in pollen and respirable fine particles in the atmosphere | doi = 10.1016/S0091-6749(97)70170-2 | journal = Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology | volume = 100 | issue = 5 | pages = 656–661 | year = 1997 | pmid =  9389296| url = http://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(97)70170-2/fulltext| url-access = subscription }} "the total pollen grain mass of approximately 7.85 ng"</ref>
|-
|10<sup id="-11">&minus;11</sup>
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-10">&minus;10</sup>
|2.5{{e|&minus;10}} kg
|Grain of [[maize]] [[pollen]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Fonseca | first1 = A. E. | last2 = Westgate | first2 = M. E. | last3 = Grass | first3 = L. | last4 = Dornbos | first4 = J. | title = Tassel Morphology as an Indicator of Potential Pollen Production in Maize | doi = 10.1094/CM-2003-0804-01-RS | journal = Crop Management | year = 2003 | url = http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/cm/research/2003/tassel/ | volume = 2 | pages = 1–15 | access-date = 2015-08-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130331145618/http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/cm/research/2003/tassel/ | archive-date = 2013-03-31 | url-access = subscription }} "The dry weight of individual pollen grains has been estimated at 250 ng"</ref>
|-
|3.5{{e|&minus;10}} kg
|[[Particle size (grain size)|Very fine grain]] of [[sand]] (0.063&nbsp;mm diameter, 350 nanograms)
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-9">&minus;9</sup><br/>[[microgram]]&nbsp;(μg)
|3.6{{e|&minus;9}} kg
|Human [[ovum]]<ref name="mass_from_v_times_rho_1">Mass calculated from volume assuming density of 1 g/mL</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?&id=101664&ver=7 |title= Volume of human oocyte - Human Homo sapiens  |publisher= BioNumbers |access-date=2011-11-01 }}</ref>
|-
|2.4{{e|&minus;9}} kg
|US [[Recommended Dietary Allowance|RDA]] for [[vitamin B12]] for adults<ref>{{cite web |url= https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/ |title= Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin B12 |publisher= Office of Dietary Supplements |access-date=2011-10-02 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=5|10<sup id="-8">&minus;8</sup>
|{{val|e=-8|u=kg}}
|Speculated approximate lower limit of the mass of a [[primordial black hole]]
|-
|{{val|1.5|e=-8|u=kg}}
|US [[Recommended Dietary Allowance|RDA]] for [[vitamin D]] for adults<ref>{{cite web |url= https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind-HealthProfessional/ |title= Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin D |publisher= Office of Dietary Supplements |access-date=2011-10-02 }}</ref>
|-
|~2{{e|&minus;8}} kg
|Uncertainty in the mass of the [[International Prototype of the Kilogram]] (IPK) (±~20{{nbsp}}μg)<ref>Report to the CGPM, 14th meeting of the Consultative Committee for Units (CCU), April 2001, 2. (ii); ''General Conference on Weights and Measures, 22nd Meeting, October 2003'', which stated "The kilogram is in need of a new definition because the mass of the prototype is known to vary by several parts in 10<sup>8</sup> over periods of time of the order of a month ..." ([http://www.bipm.org/utils/en/zip/CGPM22.zip 3.2{{nbsp}}MB ZIP file, here]).</ref>
|-
|2.2{{e|&minus;8}} kg
|[[Planck mass]],<ref>{{cite web |title=CODATA Value: Planck mass |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?plkm |access-date=2011-09-30 |website=The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty |publisher=NIST}}</ref> can be expressed as the mass of a 2 [[Orders of magnitude (length)#1 quectometre and less|Planck Length]] radius black hole
|-
|~7{{e|&minus;8}} kg
|One eyelash hair (approximate)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.national.com/en/videos/MiligramScale.html |title=Weigh An Eyelash |publisher=National Semiconductor |access-date=2011-10-02 |archive-date=7 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207230146/http://www.national.com/en/videos/MiligramScale.html }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-7">&minus;7</sup>
|1.5{{e|&minus;7}} kg
|US [[Recommended Dietary Allowance|RDA]] for [[iodine]] for adults<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-Consumer/ |title=Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Iodine |publisher=Office of Dietary Supplements |access-date=2011-10-02 }}</ref>
|-
|2–3{{e|&minus;7}} kg
|[[Drosophila melanogaster|Fruit fly]] (dry weight)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?id=102570 |title=Mean dry mass (male) - Fruit fly |publisher=BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-14 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=102571 |title=Mean dry mass (female) - Fruit fly |publisher=BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-14 }}</ref><!-- Citations give ranges of "0.219–0.304 mg" for males and "0.281–0.351 mg" for females. -->
|}

=== 10<sup>−6</sup> to 1 kg ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]])
!Value
!Item
|-
|10<sup id="-6">&minus;6</sup><br/>[[milligram]]&nbsp;(mg)
|2.5{{e|&minus;6}} kg
|[[Mosquito]]es, common smaller species (about 2.5 milligrams),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mosquito.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=45&Itemid=122#weigh |title=Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=American Mosquito Control Association |access-date=2011-08-23 |quote=Smaller species found around houses commonly weigh about 2.5 milligrams. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918143050/http://www.mosquito.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=45&Itemid=122#weigh |archive-date=2011-09-18 }}</ref> grain of salt or sand,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mathsisfun.com/measure/metric-mass.html|access-date=2019-09-19|title=Metric Mass (Weight)}}</ref> medicines are typically expressed in milligrams<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thinkmetric.org.uk/basics/mass/|access-date=2019-09-19|title=Mass|date=8 July 2017}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="-5">&minus;5</sup><br/>centigram&nbsp;(cg)
|1.1{{e|&minus;5}} kg
|Small granule of quartz (2&nbsp;mm diameter, 11 milligrams)<ref>Quartz has a density of 2.65.  Mass = Volume × Density = (4/3 × ''π'' × (1e−3 m)<sup>3</sup>) × (2.65 × 1e3 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) = 1.1e−5 kg.</ref>
|-
|2{{e|&minus;5}} kg
|Adult [[housefly]] (''Musca domestica'', 21.4 milligrams)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Price |first1=G. M. |date=1961 |title=Some Aspects of Amino Acid Metabolism in the Adult Housefly, Musca domestica |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=420–8 |pmc=1244018 |pmid=16748919|doi=10.1042/bj0800420 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3|10<sup id="-4">&minus;4</sup><br/>decigram&nbsp;(dg)
|0.27–2.0{{e|&minus;4}} kg
|Range of amounts of [[caffeine]] in one cup of [[coffee]] (27–200 milligrams)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/caffeine/AN01211 |title=Caffeine content for coffee, tea, soda and more |publisher=Mayo Clinic |access-date=2011-08-23 }}</ref>
|-
|1.5{{e|&minus;4}} kg
|A frame of 35mm motion picture film (157 milligrams)<ref name=NIST_units />
|-
|2{{e|&minus;4}} kg
|Metric [[Carat (unit)|carat]] (200 milligrams)<ref name=NIST_units />
|-
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="-3">&minus;3</sup><br/>[[gram]]&nbsp;(g)
|1{{e|&minus;3}} kg
|One [[millilitre|cubic centimeter]] of water (1 gram)<ref>{{cite web|title=Mass, Weight, Density or Specific Gravity of Water at Various Temperatures|url=http://www.simetric.co.uk/si_water.htm|website=SiMetric|access-date=13 December 2011}}</ref>
|-
|1{{e|&minus;3}} kg
|US dollar bill (1&nbsp;gram)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bep.treas.gov/faqlibrary.html |title=FAQ Library |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing |access-date=2011-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929124820/http://www.bep.treas.gov/faqlibrary.html |archive-date=2011-09-29 }}</ref>
|-
|~1{{e|&minus;3}} kg
|Two [[raisin]]s (approximately 1&nbsp;gram)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/|title=FoodData Central|website=fdc.nal.usda.gov|access-date=2019-04-22}}</ref>
|-
|~8{{e|&minus;3}} kg
|Coins of one [[Euro coins|euro]] (7.5 grams),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/economic_and_monetary_affairs/introducing_euro_practical_aspects/l25028_en.htm |title=Denominations and technical specifications of Euro coins |quote=weight (g): 7.5 |access-date=2013-06-22 }}</ref> one [[Dollar coin (United States)|U.S. dollar]] (8.1 grams)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/?action=coin_specifications |title=Coin specifications |publisher=United States Mint |access-date=2011-08-23 |archive-date=18 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218061037/http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/?action=coin_specifications }}</ref> and one Canadian [[loonie]] (7 grams [pre-2012], 6.27 grams [2012-])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mint.ca/store/mint/learn/1-dollar-5300014 |title=the 1-dollar coin - Royal Canadian Mint |publisher=Royal Canadian Mint |access-date=2014-05-24 }}</ref> 
|-
| rowspan="5" |10<sup id="-2">&minus;2</sup><br/>[[Kilogram#SI multiples|decagram]]&nbsp;(dag)
|1.2{{e|&minus;2}} kg
|Mass of one [[Mole (unit)|mole]] ([[Avogadro constant|6.02214{{e|23}}]] atoms) of [[carbon-12]] (12 grams)
|-
|1.37{{e|&minus;2}} kg
|Amount of [[ethanol]] defined as one [[standard drink]] in the U.S. (13.7 grams)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/faqs.htm#standDrink |title=Alcohol and Public Health: Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=CDC |access-date=2011-08-23 |date=2018-03-29 }}</ref>
|-
|2–4{{e|&minus;2}} kg
|Adult mouse (''[[Mus musculus]]'', 20–40 grams)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://research.uiowa.edu/animal/?get=mouse |title=Biomethodology of the Mouse |publisher=Animal Research, The University of Iowa |access-date=2011-10-17 |archive-date=18 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118151045/http://research.uiowa.edu/animal/?get=mouse }}</ref>
|-
|2.8{{e|&minus;2}} kg
|[[Ounce]] ([[avoirdupois]]) (28.3495 grams)<ref name=NIST_units />
|-
|4.7{{e|&minus;2}} kg
|[[Mass–energy equivalence|Mass equivalent]] of the energy that is 1 megaton of [[TNT equivalent]]<ref name="NIST_units">{{cite journal|title=Appendix B8—Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically|url=http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/appenB8.html|journal=NIST|access-date=29 October 2011|date=2009-07-02}}</ref><ref>Calculated: 1e6 tons of TNT-equivalent × 4.184e9 J/ton of TNT-equivalent × 1.1e−17 kg of mass-equivalent/J = 4.7e−2 kg of mass-equivalent</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3|10<sup id="-1">−1</sup><br/>[[Kilogram#SI multiples|hectogram]] &nbsp; (hg)
|0.1-0.2&nbsp;kg
|An [[Orange fruit|orange]] (100–200&nbsp;grams)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/human-nutrition-and-food-safety/dri-calculator |title=Oranges, raw, with peel (NDB No. 09205 and 09200) |website=USDA Nutrient Database |publisher=USDA |access-date=2011-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303184216/http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ |archive-date=2015-03-03 |url-status=live }}</ref><!-- Source (USDA NDB No. 09200 gives a small orange as 96 grams, a large orange as 184, so we use the range of 100–200 grams. -->
|-
|0.142-0.149&nbsp;kg
|A [[baseball (ball)|baseball]] used in the [[major league baseball|major league]].<ref>Christina Lee, [https://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/ChristinaLee.shtml "Mass of a Baseball"], The Physics Factbook, 1999. Retrieved 2018-07-04</ref>
|-
|0.454&nbsp;kg
|[[Pound (mass)|Pound]] ([[avoirdupois]]) (453.6 grams)<ref name=NIST_units />
|}
<!-- Break up the long table into two: masses less than 1 kilogram above, and greater below. -->

=== 1 kg to 10<sup>5</sup> kg ===
[[File:Poids fonte.jpg|thumb|right|Iron weights up to 50 [[kilogram]]s depicted in ''{{lang|fr|Dictionnaire encyclopédique de l'épicerie et des industries annexes}}''.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]])
!Value
!Item
|-
|rowspan=8|1&nbsp;kg<br/>[[kilogram]]&nbsp;(kg)
|1&nbsp;kg
|One [[litre]] (0.001 m<sup>3</sup>) of water<ref name=water_density>{{cite web|title=Water - Density and Specific Weight|url=http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html|publisher=The Engineering Tool Box}}</ref>
|-
|1–3&nbsp;kg
|Smallest breed of dog ([[Chihuahua (dog)|Chihuahua]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Chihuahua Weight Chart|url=http://members.shaw.ca/crystaljems/weight.htm|access-date=14 December 2011|quote=907 g ... 2722 g}}</ref>
|-
|1–3&nbsp;kg
|Typical [[laptop]] computer, 2010<ref>{{cite web|title=Laptop Buyer's Guide|url=http://compreviews.about.com/od/buyers/a/Laptop-Size-and-Weight-Guide.htm|publisher=About.com|access-date=14 December 2011|quote=2.0 lbs ... > 6 lbs|archive-date=2 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502053937/http://compreviews.about.com/od/buyers/a/Laptop-Size-and-Weight-Guide.htm}}</ref>
|-
|1–3&nbsp;kg
|Adult domestic [[tortoise]]
|-
|2.5–4&nbsp;kg
|Newborn human [[baby]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Baby birth weight Information|url=http://www.baby2see.com/baby_birth_weight.html|access-date=14 December 2011|quote=2500 g ... 4000 g|archive-date=29 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129055914/http://www.baby2see.com/baby_birth_weight.html}}</ref>
|-
|4.0&nbsp;kg 
|Women's [[shot put|shot]]<ref name=shot_put>{{cite web|title=Shot Put - Introduction|url=http://www.iaaf.org/community/athletics/trackfield/newsid=9444.html|publisher=IAAF|access-date=12 December 2011}}</ref>
|-
|4–5&nbsp;kg
|[[cat|Housecat]]<ref name="Mattern">{{Cite journal
 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x
 |volume=16
 |issue=2
 |pages=232–253
 |last1=Mattern
 |first1=Michelle Y.
 |title=Phylogeny and Speciation of Felids
 |journal=Cladistics
 |year=2000
 |last2=McLennan
 |first2=Deborah A.
 |pmid=34902955
 |s2cid=85043293
 |doi-access=free
 }}</ref>
|-
|7.26&nbsp;kg
|Men's [[shot put|shot]]<ref name=shot_put />
|-
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="1">1</sup>
|9–27&nbsp;kg
|Medium-sized [[dog]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Dog Services - Adoptable Dogs |url=http://www.clackamas.us/k9man/adoptpet.jsp |access-date=2 July 2013 |quote=medium (30lbs to 60lbs) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707082838/http://www.clackamas.us/k9man/adoptpet.jsp |archive-date=7 July 2013 }}</ref>
|-
|10–30&nbsp;kg
|A [[cathode-ray tube|CRT]] computer [[computer display|monitor]] or [[television]] set{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}
|-
|50&nbsp;kg
|Large dog breed ([[Great Dane]])
|-
|70&nbsp;kg
|[[Adult]] [[human]]<ref name="Mass of an Adult">{{cite web|title=Mass of an Adult|url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/AlexSchlessingerman.shtml|website=The Physics Factbook|access-date=13 December 2011|quote=70 kg}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=7|10<sup id="2">2</sup>
|130–180&nbsp;kg
|Mature [[lion]], female (130&nbsp;kg) and male (180&nbsp;kg)<ref>{{Cite book|author=Nowell, Kristin|author2=Jackson, Peter |title= Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan|chapter-url=http://carnivoractionplans1.free.fr/wildcats.pdf |date=1996 |publisher=IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group |location= Gland, Switzerland |isbn=978-2-8317-0045-8 |page= 17 |chapter= Panthera Leo |quote=adult males (>4 years) 181 kg (n=14) and females 126 kg (n=25)}}</ref>
|-
|200–250&nbsp;kg
|[[Giant tortoise]]
|-
|240–450&nbsp;kg
|Grand [[piano]]<ref>{{cite web |title=GRAND PIANO GUIDE TO STEINWAY AND INDUSTRY STANDARD SIZES |url=http://www.bluebookofpianos.com/sizes.html |publisher=Bluebook of Pianos |access-date=13 December 2011 |quote=540 lbs ... 990 lbs}}</ref><ref>Calculated: 540 lbs × 0.4536 kg/lb = 240 kg.  990 lb × 0.4536 kg/lb = 450 kg.</ref>
|-
|400–900&nbsp;kg
|[[Dairy cattle|Dairy cow]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Cow (Cattle) breed comparisons|url=http://www.bovinebazaar.com/whythisbreed.htm|access-date=14 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209125453/http://www.bovinebazaar.com/whythisbreed.htm|archive-date=9 December 2015}}</ref>
|-
|500–500,000&nbsp;kg
|A [[Orders of magnitude (volume)#-6|teaspoon]] (5 ml) of [[white dwarf]] material (0.5–500 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~jaj/Ast162/lectures/notesWL22.html |title=Lecture 22: Extreme Stars: White Dwarfs & Neutron Stars |author=Jennifer Johnson |publisher=Ohio State Department of Astronomy |access-date=2011-10-17 |archive-date=15 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115223455/http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~jaj/Ast162/lectures/notesWL22.html }}</ref><ref>Using the quoted density of 1e5 to 1e8 kg/m<sup>3</sup> for white dwarf material, 1 teaspoon = 5mL = 5e−3 m<sup>3</sup> has a calculated mass of:  Low end:  5e−3 m<sup>3</sup> × 1e5 kg/m<sup>3</sup> = 5e2 kg    High end:  5e−3 m<sup>3</sup> × 1e8 kg/m<sup>3</sup> = 5e5 kg</ref>
|-
|635&nbsp;kg
|Heaviest human in recorded history ([[Jon Brower Minnoch]])
|-
|907.2&nbsp;kg
|1 [[short ton]] (2000 pounds - U.S.)<ref name=NIST_units />
|-
|rowspan=5|10<sup id="3">3</sup><br/>[[megagram]]&nbsp;(Mg)
|1000&nbsp;kg
|1 [[tonne]] (U.S. spelling: metric ton)<ref name=NIST_units />
|-
|1000&nbsp;kg
|1 [[cubic metre]] of water<ref name=water_density />
|-
|1016.05&nbsp;kg
|[[Ton]] (British) / 1 [[long ton]] (2240 pounds - U.S.)<ref name=NIST_units />
|-
|1300–1600&nbsp;kg
|Typical passenger [[car]]s<ref>{{cite journal |title=Light-Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2016 |journal=United States Environmental Protection Agency|date=November 2016|volume=EPA-420-R-16-010|pages=28, 30|url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/420r16010.pdf|access-date=2 November 2017}}</ref>
|-
|2700–6000&nbsp;kg
|Adult [[elephant]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Norton|first1=C.A. Spinage; illustrated by Larry|title=Elephants|date=1994|publisher=T & A D Poyser|location=London|isbn=978-0-85661-088-2}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=8|10<sup id="4">4</sup>
|1.1{{e|4}} kg
|[[Hubble Space Telescope]] (11 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Alpha&Letter=H&Alias=Hubble%20Space%20Telescope |title=Solar System Exploration: Hubble Space Telescope |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619154844/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Alpha&Letter=H&Alias=Hubble%20Space%20Telescope |archive-date=2015-06-19 }}</ref>
|-
|1.2{{e|4}} kg
|Largest [[elephant]] on record (12 tonnes)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ward|first1=Rowland|title=Records of Big Game|date=1935|location=London|edition=10th}}</ref>
|-
|1.4{{e|4}} kg
|[[Big Ben]] (bell) (14 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.whitechapelbellfoundry.co.uk/bigben.htm |title=The Story of Big Ben |publisher=Whitechapel Bell Foundry |access-date=2011-10-17 }}</ref>
|-
|2.7{{e|4}} kg
|[[ENIAC]] computer, 1946 (30 tonnes)<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kennedy Jr.|first1=T.R.|title=Electronic Computer Flashes Answers, May Speed Engineering|url=http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/birth-of-the-computer/4/78/323?position=0|access-date=2 November 2017|work=The New York Times|issue=2–15–1946|date=Feb 15, 1946}}</ref>
|-
|4{{e|4}} kg
|Maximum gross mass (truck + load combined) of a [[semi-trailer truck]] in the [[European Union|EU]] (40–44 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=EN&numdoc=31996L0053&model=guichett |format=PDF |page=12 |title=Council Directive 96/53/EC of 25 July 1996 |access-date=2011-10-18 |date=1996-09-17 }}</ref>
|-
|5{{e|4}}–6{{e|4}} kg
|[[Tank]]; [[Bulldozer]] (50–60 tonnes)
|-
|6.0{{e|4}} kg
|Largest single-piece [[meteorite]], [[Hoba West Meteorite]] (60 tonnes)<ref>{{metbull|11890|Hoba}}</ref>
|-
|7.3{{e|4}} kg
|[[Largest prehistoric organisms#Dinosaurs (Dinosauria)|Largest dinosaur]], ''[[Argentinosaurus]]'' (73 tonnes)<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mazzetta|first=Gerardo V.|author2=Christiansen, Per |author3=Fariña, Richard A. |date=2004|title=Giants and Bizarres: Body Size of Some Southern South American Cretaceous Dinosaurs|journal=Historical Biology|volume=16|issue=2–4|pages=71–83|doi=10.1080/08912960410001715132|bibcode=2004HBio...16...71M |url=http://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/papers/Mazzetta-et-al_04_SA-dino-body-size.pdf|access-date=2009-01-23|citeseerx=10.1.1.694.1650|s2cid=56028251}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="5">5</sup>
|1.74-1.83{{e|5}} kg
|Operational empty weight of a [[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-300]]
|-
|1.8{{e|5}} kg
|[[Largest organisms#Vertebrates|Largest animal]] ever, a [[blue whale]] (180 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/zoology/all-about-animals/question687.htm |title=What is the biggest animal ever to exist on Earth? |publisher=How Stuff Works | access-date=2011-10-17|date=2001-07-25 }}</ref>
|-
|4.2{{e|5}} kg
|[[International Space Station]] (417 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/isstodate.html |title=International Space Station: The ISS to Date |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-08-23 |archive-date=11 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611163133/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/isstodate.html }}</ref>
|-
|6{{e|5}} kg
|World's heaviest aircraft:  [[Antonov An-225]] (maximum take-off mass: 600 tonnes, payload: 250 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vectorsite.net/avantgt.html#m3 |title=The Antonov Giants: An-22, An-124, & An-225 |website=Air Vectors |author=Greg Goebel |access-date=2011-10-17 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629113925/http://vectorsite.net/avantgt.html#m3 |archive-date=June 29, 2011 }}</ref>
|}

=== 10<sup>6</sup> to 10<sup>11</sup> kg ===

{{anchor|gigagram}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]])
!Value
!Item
|-
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="6">6</sup><br/>gigagram&nbsp;(Gg)
|1{{e|6}} kg
|Trunk of the [[Sequoiadendron giganteum|giant sequoia]] tree named [[General Sherman Tree|General Sherman]], [[Tree#Largest trees|largest living tree]] by trunk volume (1121 tonnes)<ref>{{cite book |title=Big Trees |first1=Walter |last1=Fry |first2=John Roberts |last2=White |date=1942 |publisher=Stanford University Press |location=Palo Alto, California}}</ref><!-- _Big Trees_ gives an estimated trunk mass of "2,471,994 pounds":  2471994 pounds / (2.205 pounds/kilo) = 1121 tonnes ~= 1e6 kg since theirs was only a rough estimate -->
|-
|2.0{{e|6}} kg
|Launch mass of the [[Space Shuttle]] (2041 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/reference/basics/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000817064244/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/reference/basics/index.html |archive-date=2000-08-17 |title=Space Shuttle Basics |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-08-24 }}</ref>
|-
|6{{e|6}} kg
|Largest [[clonal colony]], the [[quaking aspen]] named [[Pando (tree)|Pando]] (largest living organism) (6000 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/1997-08/868768324.Bt.r.html |title=Re: What is the biggest tree in the world? |publisher=MadSci Network |author=David Hershey |access-date=2011-10-17 }}</ref>
|-
|7.8{{e|6}} kg
|[[Virginia class submarine|''Virginia''-class nuclear submarine]] (submerged weight)<ref>{{cite web|title=The US Navy|url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_print.asp?cid=4100&tid=100&ct=4&page=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060403115851/https://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_print.asp?cid=4100&tid=100&ct=4&page=1|archive-date=3 April 2006|publisher=US Navy|access-date=17 December 2011}}</ref> 
|-
|rowspan=3|10<sup id="7">7</sup>
|1{{e|7}} kg
|Annual production of [[Darjeeling tea]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.darjeelingtea.com/files/teafaqs.asp#02 |title=Darjeeling Tea: Questions and Answers |publisher=Darjeeling Tea Association |access-date=2011-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905055506/http://www.darjeelingtea.com/files/teafaqs.asp#02 |archive-date=2011-09-05 }}</ref>
|-
|5.2{{e|7}} kg
|[[RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic'']] when fully loaded (52,000 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.markchirnside.co.uk/Olympic-Titanic66000-ton_displacement_myth.html |title=THE 66,000 TON MYTH |publisher=Mark Chirnside |access-date=2011-08-24 }}</ref>
|-
|9.97{{e|7}} kg
|Heaviest train ever: Australia's BHP Iron Ore, 2001 record (99,700 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/hamersley-freight-line/ |title=Hamersley Freight Line - Railway Technology |publisher=Railway Technology |access-date=2011-10-17 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="8">8</sup>
|6.6{{e|8}} kg
|Largest ship and largest mobile man-made object, ''[[Seawise Giant]]'', when fully loaded (660,000 tonnes)<ref>{{cite web |title=Knock Nevis - The world's largest ship ever |url=http://www.container-transportation.com/knock-nevis.html |website=Container-Transportation |access-date=19 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
|7{{e|8}} kg
|Heaviest (non-pyramid) building, ''[[Palace of the Parliament]]'' in Bucharest, Romania<ref>{{cite web|title=Heaviest building |website= Guinness World Records|url=http://guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/heaviest-building/|access-date=13 March 2015}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="9">9</sup><br/>[[Megatonne|teragram]]&nbsp;(Tg)
|4.3{{e|9}} kg
|Amount of matter converted into energy by the [[Sun]] each second<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solar-center.stanford.edu/FAQ/Qshrink.html |title=Is the Sun Shrinking? |publisher=Stanford Solar Center |access-date=2011-08-24 }}</ref>
|-
|6{{e|9}} kg
|[[Great Pyramid of Giza]]<ref>{{cite book |title=The Great Pyramid of Giza: Measuring Length, Area, Volume, and Angles| first=Janey |last=Levy |date=2005 |isbn=978-1-4042-6059-7 |publisher=Rosen Publishing Group}}</ref>
|-
|<div id="1_E_10_kg">10<sup id="10">10</sup></div>
|6{{e|10}} kg
|Amount of [[concrete]] in the [[Three Gorges Dam]], the world's largest concrete structure<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/chinesehistory/contents/07spe/specrep01.html#Quick%20Facts |title=The Three Gorges Dam Project |author=Richard R. Wertz |access-date=2011-10-17 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/KatrinaJones.shtml |title=Density of Concrete |website=The Physics Factbook |access-date=2011-10-17 }}</ref><!-- Value given for mass assumes a density of concrete of 2.3e3 kg/m<sup>3</sup>.  2.72e7 m<sup>3</sup> of concrete × 2.4e3 kg/m<sup>3</sup> = 6.3e10 kg -->
|-
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="11">11</sup>
|~1{{e|11}} kg
|The mass of a [[primordial black hole]] with an [[Black hole evaporation#Black hole evaporation|evaporation]] time equal to the [[age of the universe]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://casa.colorado.edu/~ajsh/hawk.html |title=Hawking Radiation |author=Andrew Hamilton |publisher=University of Colorado at Boulder |access-date=2011-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203060328/http://casa.colorado.edu/~ajsh/hawk.html |archive-date=2007-02-03 }}</ref>
|-
|2{{e|11}} kg
|Amount of water stored in London storage reservoirs (0.2&nbsp;km<sup>3</sup>)<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Area |date=2001 |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=95–97 |title=London's Water Resources: Threat or Opportunity |author=Chris Birks |author2=Mike Owen |author3=Brian Arkell |jstor=20004131}}</ref>
|-
|6{{e|11}} kg
|Total mass of the world's human population<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.spektrum.de/news/die-menschheit-wiegt-so-viel-wie-alle-termiten/1566852 | title=Biomasse: Die Menschheit wiegt so viel wie alle Termiten }}</ref>
|-
|5{{e|11}} kg
|Total biomass of [[Antarctic krill]], one of the most plentiful animal species on the planet in terms of [[biomass]]<ref>{{cite book |author=Stephen Nicol |author2=Yoshinari Endo |name-list-style=amp |date=1997 |url=http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/W5911E/W5911E00.HTM |series=Fisheries Technical Paper 367 |title=Krill Fisheries of the World |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] |isbn=978-92-5-104012-6}}</ref>
|}

=== 10<sup>12</sup> to 10<sup>17</sup> kg ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]])
!Value
!Item
|-
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="12">12</sup><br/>petagram&nbsp;(Pg)
|0.8–2.1{{e|12}} kg
|[[Biomass (ecology)#Global biomass|Global biomass]] of [[fish]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Wilson | first1 = R. W. | last2 = Millero | first2 = F. J. | last3 = Taylor | first3 = J. R. | last4 = Walsh | first4 = P. J. | last5 = Christensen | first5 = V. | last6 = Jennings | first6 = S. | last7 = Grosell | first7 = M. | doi = 10.1126/science.1157972 | title = Contribution of Fish to the Marine Inorganic Carbon Cycle | journal = Science | volume = 323 | issue = 5912 | pages = 359–362 | year = 2009 | pmid =  19150840| url = https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1157972 |bibcode = 2009Sci...323..359W | s2cid = 36321414 | url-access = subscription }}</ref>
|-
|4{{e|12}} kg
|Global annual human food production<ref>{{cite web|title=World Environment Day - Food Waste Facts|url=http://unep.org/wed/2013/quickfacts/|access-date=13 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402154253/http://unep.org/wed/2013/quickfacts/|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|4{{e|12}} kg
|World crude [[Petroleum|oil]] production in 2009 (3,843 Mt)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2010/key_stats_2010.pdf |publisher=International Energy Agency |title=Key World Energy Statistics 2010 |date=2010 |access-date=2011-09-13 |page=10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430050152/http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2010/key_stats_2010.pdf/ |archive-date=2015-04-30 }}</ref>
|-
|5.5{{e|12}} kg
|A [[Orders of magnitude (volume)#-6|teaspoon]] (5 ml) of [[neutron star]] material (5000 million tonnes)<ref>The average density of material in a neutron star of radius 10 km is {{val|1.1|u=kg cm<sup>−3</sup>|e=12}}. Therefore, 5 ml of such material is {{val|5.5|u=kg|e=12}}, or 5 500 000 000 t. This is about 15 times the total mass of the human world population. Alternatively, 5 ml from a neutron star of radius 20&nbsp;km radius (average density {{val|8.35|u=kg cm<sup>−3</sup>|e=10}}) has a mass of about 400 Mt, or about the mass of all humans.</ref><!-- Taken from [[Neutron star]] -->
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="13">13</sup>
|1{{e|13}} kg
|Mass of comet [[67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=A homogeneous nucleus for comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko from its gravity field|first1=M.|last1=Pätzold|first2=T.|last2=Andert|first3=M.|last3=Hahn|first4=S. W.|last4=Asmar|first5=J.-P.|last5=Barriot|first6=M. K.|last6=Bird|first7=B.|last7=Häusler|first8=K.|last8=Peter|first9=S.|last9=Tellmann|first10=E.|last10=Grün|first11=P. R.|last11=Weissman|first12=H.|last12=Sierks|first13=L.|last13=Jorda|first14=R.|last14=Gaskell|first15=F.|last15=Preusker|first16=F.|last16=Scholten|date=4 February 2016|journal=Nature|volume=530|issue=7588|pages=63–65|doi=10.1038/nature16535|pmid=26842054|bibcode = 2016Natur.530...63P |s2cid=4470894}}</ref>
|-
|4{{e|13}} kg
|Global annual human carbon dioxide emission<ref>{{Cite news|title=BBC News - Carbon dioxide satellite mission returns first global maps|journal=BBC News|url=http://bbc.com/news/science-environment-30399073|access-date=13 March 2015|date=2014-12-18|last1=Amos|first1=Jonathan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Carbon dioxide monitoring rocket blasts off – News – ABC Environment (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)|website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|url=http://abc.net.au/environment/articles/2014/07/03/4038407.htm|access-date=13 March 2015}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="14">14</sup>
|1.05{{e|14}} kg
|Global net [[primary production]] – the total mass of carbon fixed in organic compounds by photosynthesis each year on Earth<ref name=behrenfeld98>{{cite journal |last1=Field|first1=C.B. |last2=Behrenfeld|first2=M.J. |last3=Randerson|first3=J.T. |last4=Falkowski|first4=P. |date=1998 |title=Primary production of the Biosphere: Integrating Terrestrial and Oceanic Components |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=281 |pages=237–240 |doi=10.1126/science.281.5374.237 |pmid=9657713 |issue=5374 |bibcode=1998Sci...281..237F |url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9gm7074q |type=Submitted manuscript }}</ref>
|-
|7.2{{e|14}} kg
|Total carbon stored in [[Earth's atmosphere]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=100967 |title=Total carbon stored in the atmosphere |publisher=BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-19 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="15">15</sup><br/>exagram&nbsp;(Eg)
|2.0{{e|15}} kg
|Total carbon stored in the terrestrial [[biosphere]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=100974 |title=Total carbon stored in the terrestrial biosphere |publisher=BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-19 }}</ref>
|-
|3.5{{e|15}} kg
|Total carbon stored in [[coal]] deposits worldwide<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=100979 |title=Total carbon stored in coal deposits worldwide |publisher=BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-19 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="16">16</sup> 
|1{{e|16}} kg
|[[951 Gaspra]], the first asteroid ever to be closely approached by a spacecraft (rough estimate)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/asteroidfact.html |title=Asteroid Fact Sheet |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-10-15 }}</ref><!-- Note [[951 Gaspra currently lists a mass of 2–3e16kg. This discrepancy should be investigated. -->
|-
|1{{e|16}} kg
|Rough estimate of the total [[carbon]] content of all organisms on Earth.<ref>{{cite journal |author=William B. Whitman |author2=David C. Coleman |author3=William J. Wiebe |date=1998 |title=Prokaryotes: The unseen majority |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=95 |issue=12 |pages=6578–6583 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.95.12.6578|pmc=33863 |pmid=9618454|bibcode = 1998PNAS...95.6578W |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|-
|3{{e|16}} kg
|Rough estimate of everything produced by the human species.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Scale and diversity of the physical technosphere: A geological perspective |journal=The Anthropocene Review |volume=4 |pages=9–22 |doi=10.1177/2053019616677743 |year=2017 |last1=Zalasiewicz |first1=Jan |last2=Williams |first2=Mark |last3=Waters |first3=Colin N. |last4=Barnosky |first4=Anthony D. |author-link4=Anthony David Barnosky |last5=Palmesino |first5=John |last6=Rönnskog |first6=Ann-Sofi |last7=Edgeworth |first7=Matt |last8=Neal |first8=Cath |last9=Cearreta |first9=Alejandro |last10=Ellis |first10=Erle C. |last11=Grinevald |first11=Jacques |last12=Haff |first12=Peter |last13=Ivar Do Sul |first13=Juliana A. |last14=Jeandel |first14=Catherine |author-link14=Catherine Jeandel|last15=Leinfelder |first15=Reinhold |last16=McNeill |first16=John R. |last17=Odada |first17=Eric |last18=Oreskes |first18=Naomi |author18-link=Naomi Oreskes |last19=Price |first19=Simon James |last20=Revkin |first20=Andrew |last21=Steffen |first21=Will |last22=Summerhayes |first22=Colin |last23=Vidas |first23=Davor |last24=Wing |first24=Scott |last25=Wolfe |first25=Alexander P. |issue=1 |bibcode=2017AntRv...4....9Z |hdl=11250/2553087 |s2cid=55431583 |url=http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/11295/106930/1/jan.pdf }}</ref>
|-
|3.8{{e|16}} kg
|Total carbon stored in the oceans.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&id=100968 |title=Total carbon stored in the oceans (mostly inorganic) |publisher=BioNumbers |access-date=2011-10-19 }}</ref>
|-
|10<sup id="17">17</sup>
|1.6{{e|17}} kg
|[[Prometheus (moon)|Prometheus]], a shepherd satellite for the inner edge of [[Saturn]]'s F Ring<ref name="ThomasPC_Saturn">{{cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.025| last1 = Thomas| first1 = P. C.| date = July 2010| title = Sizes, shapes, and derived properties of the saturnian satellites after the Cassini nominal mission| journal = Icarus| volume = 208| issue = 1| pages = 395–401| url = http://www.ciclops.org/media/sp/2011/6794_16344_0.pdf| bibcode = 2010Icar..208..395T| access-date = 4 September 2015| archive-date = 23 December 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181223003125/http://www.ciclops.org/media/sp/2011/6794_16344_0.pdf}}</ref>
|}

=== 10<sup>18</sup> to 10<sup>23</sup> kg ===

{{anchor|yottagram}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]])
!Value
!Item
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="18">18</sup><br/>zettagram&nbsp;(Zg)
|5.1{{e|18}} kg
|[[Earth's atmosphere]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/abstracts/files/kevin2003_6.html |title=The Mass of the Atmosphere: a Constraint on Global Analyses |last1=Trenberth |first1=Kevin E. |last2=Smith |first2=Lesley |publisher=National Center for Atmospheric Research |access-date=2011-09-09 |archive-date=25 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725230200/http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/abstracts/files/kevin2003_6.html }}</ref>
|-
|5.6{{e|18}} kg
|[[Hyperion (moon)|Hyperion]], a moon of Saturn<ref name="ThomasPC_Saturn"/>
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="19">19</sup>
|3{{e|19}} kg
|[[3 Juno]], one of the larger asteroids in the [[asteroid belt]]<ref>
{{cite web
  |date=2010
  |title=Recent Asteroid Mass Determinations
  |publisher=Personal Website
  |author=Jim Baer
  |url=http://home.earthlink.net/~jimbaer1/astmass.txt
  |access-date=2011-10-16
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702212735/http://home.earthlink.net/~jimbaer1/astmass.txt
  |archive-date=2013-07-02
  }}
</ref>
|-
|3{{e|19}} kg
|The [[rings of Saturn]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/planets/SaturnRings.html |title=Saturn's Rings |author=Brainerd, Jerome James |publisher=The Astrophysics Spectator |access-date=2011-09-09 }}</ref>
|-
|10<sup id="20">20</sup>
|9.4{{e|20}} kg
|[[Ceres (dwarf planet)|Ceres]], [[dwarf planet]] within the asteroid belt<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Carry |first1=B. |last2=Dumas |first2=C. |last3=Fulchignoni |first3=M. |last4=Merline |first4=W. J. |last5=Berthier |first5=J. |last6=Hestroffer |first6=D. |last7=Fusco |first7=T. |last8=Tamblyn |first8=P. |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078166 |title=Near-infrared mapping and physical properties of the dwarf-planet Ceres |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=478 |issue=1 |pages=235–244 |year=2008 |url=http://www2.keck.hawaii.edu/inst/people/conrad/nsfGrantRef/2007-arXiv-Benoit.Carry.pdf |bibcode=2008A&A...478..235C |arxiv=0711.1152 |s2cid=6723533 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530130946/http://www2.keck.hawaii.edu/inst/people/conrad/nsfGrantRef/2007-arXiv-Benoit.Carry.pdf |archive-date=May 30, 2008 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="21">21</sup><br/>yottagram&nbsp;(Yg)
|1.4{{e|21}} kg
|Earth's [[World Ocean|oceans]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1998/AvijeetDut.shtml |title=Mass of the Oceans |website=The Physics Factbook |access-date=2011-09-09 }}</ref>
|-
|1.5{{e|21}} kg
|[[Charon (moon)|Charon]], the largest moon of Pluto<ref name="doi10.1086/504422">{{cite journal| doi = 10.1086/504422| last1 = Buie| first1 = Marc W.| last2 = Grundy| first2 = William M.| last3 = Young| first3 = Eliot F.| last4 = Young| first4 = Leslie A.| last5 = Stern| first5 = S. Alan| year = 2006| title = Orbits and Photometry of Pluto's Satellites: Charon, S/2005 P1, and S/2005 P2| journal = The Astronomical Journal| volume = 132| issue = 1| pages = 290–298| bibcode = 2006AJ....132..290B| arxiv = astro-ph/0512491| s2cid = 119386667}}</ref><!-- The mass is derived from the citation using their result that Charon is "0.1165" times the mass of Pluto and that Charon+Pluto have a mass of 1.457e22 kg:  1.457e22 × 0.1165/(1+0.1165) = 1.520e21 kg ~= 1.5e21 kg after accounting for the uncertainty in the "0.1165" number -->
|-
|2.9–3.7{{e|21}} kg
|The [[asteroid belt]]<ref name="Krasinskyetal2002">{{cite journal
|last1=Krasinsky |first1=G. A. |author-link=Georgij A. Krasinsky 
|last2=Pitjeva |first2=E. V. |author-link2=Elena V. Pitjeva
|last3=Vasilyev |first3=M. V.
|last4=Yagudina |first4=E. I.
|bibcode=2002Icar..158...98K |title=Hidden Mass in the Asteroid Belt |journal=Icarus |volume=158 |issue=1 |pages=98–105 |date=July 2002 |doi=10.1006/icar.2002.6837}}</ref>
|-
|4{{e|21}} kg
|[[Haumea]]<ref name="RagozzineBrown2009">{{cite journal |doi=10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4766 |last1=Ragozzine |first1=Darin |last2=Brown |first2= Michael E. |year=2009 |title=Orbits And Masses Of the Satellites of the Dwarf Planet Haumea (2003 EL61) |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=137 |number=6|arxiv=0903.4213 }}</ref><br />
|-
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="22">22</sup>
|1.3{{e|22}} kg
|[[Pluto]]<ref name="doi10.1086/504422"/><!-- The mass is derived from the citation using their result that Pluto+Charon together have a mass of 1.457e22kg and Charon is "0.1165" times the mass of Pluto.  Therefore Pluto's mass is 1.457e22 × 1/(1+0.1165) = 1.3e22 kg -->
|-
|2.1{{e|22}} kg
|[[Triton (moon)|Triton]], largest moon of Neptune<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Triton |title=Solar System Exploration: Triton: Overview |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015074425/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Triton |archive-date=2011-10-15 }}</ref>
|-
|2.7{{e|22}} kg
|Earth's [[Earth's crust|crust]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.V33A1161P/abstract |title=Mass and Composition of the Continental Crust Estimated Using the CRUST2.0 Model |access-date=2007-12-01 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250821141844/https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.V33A1161P/abstract |archive-date=2025-08-21}}</ref>
|-
|7.3{{e|22}} kg
|Earth's [[Moon]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Moon&Display=Facts |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20040224174315/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Moon&Display=Facts |archive-date= 2004-02-24 |title= Earth's Moon: Facts & Figures |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-10-13 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=4|10<sup id="23">23</sup>
|1.3{{e|23}} kg
|[[Titan (moon)|Titan]], largest moon of Saturn<ref>{{cite journal| doi=10.1086/508812| last1=Jacobson | first1=R. A.| last2=Antreasian | first2=P. G.| last3=Bordi | first3=J. J.| last4=Criddle | first4=K. E.| last5=Ionasescu | first5=R.| last6=Jones | first6=J. B.| last7=Mackenzie | first7=R. A.| last8=Meek | first8=M. C.| last9=Parcher | first9=D.| first10=F. J. | last10=Pelletier| first11=W. M. | last11=Owen Jr.| first12=D. C. | last12=Roth| first13=I. M. | last13=Roundhill| first14=J. R. | last14=Stauch| date=December 2006| title=The Gravity Field of the Saturnian System from Satellite Observations and Spacecraft Tracking Data| journal=The Astronomical Journal| volume=132 | issue=6 | pages=2520–2526| bibcode=2006AJ....132.2520J | doi-access=free}}</ref>
|-
|1.5{{e|23}} kg
|[[Ganymede (moon)|Ganymede]], largest moon of Jupiter<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Showman | first1 = A. P. | last2 = Malhotra | first2 = R. | title = The Galilean Satellites | doi = 10.1126/science.286.5437.77 | journal = Science | volume = 286 | issue = 5437 | pages = 77–84 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10506564 | url = http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~showman/publications/showman-malhotra-1999.pdf | access-date = 28 August 2015 | archive-date = 14 May 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110514231040/http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~showman/publications/showman-malhotra-1999.pdf }}</ref>
|-
|3.3{{e|23}} kg
|[[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mercury&Display=Facts |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713203942/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mercury&Display=Facts |archive-date=2012-07-13 |title=Mercury: Facts & Figures |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-09-22 }}</ref>
|-
|6.4{{e|23}} kg
|[[Mars]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mars&Display=Facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031215145455/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mars&Display=Facts |archive-date=2003-12-15 |title=Mars: Facts & Figures |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-09-22 }}</ref>
|}

=== 10<sup>24</sup> to 10<sup>29</sup> kg ===
[[File:Hubble Visible View of Jupiter.jpg|thumb|[[Jupiter]] is the most massive planet in the [[Solar System]].]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]])
!Value
!Item
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="24">24</sup><br/>ronnagram&nbsp;(Rg)  <!-- 10e24 Kilograms is 10e27 grams-->
|4.9{{e|24}} kg
|[[Venus]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Venus&Display=Facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031216111739/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Venus&Display=Facts |archive-date=2003-12-16 |title=Venus: Facts & Figures |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-09-22 }}</ref>
|-
|6.0{{e|24}} kg
|[[Earth]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Earth&Display=Facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031216035125/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Earth&Display=Facts |archive-date=2003-12-16 |title=Earth: Facts & Figures |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-09-29 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="25">25</sup>
|3{{e|25}} kg
|[[Oort cloud]]<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Weissman | first1 = Paul R | date = 1983 | title = The mass of the Oort cloud | bibcode=1983A&A...118...90W | journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume = 118 | issue = 1| pages = 90–94 }}</ref>
|-
|8.7{{e|25}} kg
|[[Uranus]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Uranus&Display=Facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031214200402/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Uranus&Display=Facts |archive-date=2003-12-14 |title=Uranus: Facts & Figures |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-09-22 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="26">26</sup>
|1.0{{e|26}} kg
|[[Neptune]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Neptune&Display=Facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031215224327/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Neptune&Display=Facts |archive-date=2003-12-15 |title=Neptune: Facts & Figures |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-09-22 }}</ref>
|-
|5.7{{e|26}} kg
|[[Saturn]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn&Display=Facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040224191458/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn&Display=Facts |archive-date=2004-02-24 |title=Saturn: Facts & Figures |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-09-22 }}</ref>
|-
|10<sup id="27">27</sup><br/>quettagram&nbsp;(Qg)  <!-- 10e27 Kilograms is 10e30 grams-->
|1.9{{e|27}} kg
|[[Jupiter]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jupiter&Display=Facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031215141351/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jupiter&Display=Facts |archive-date=2003-12-15 |title=Jupiter: Facts & Figures |website=Solar System Exploration |publisher=NASA |access-date=2011-09-22 }}</ref>
|-
|10<sup id="28">28</sup>
|2–14{{e|28}} kg
|[[Brown dwarf]]s (approximate)<ref>{{cite web|first = Alan|last = Boss|date = 2001-04-03|url = http://www.carnegieinstitution.org/News4-3,2001.html|title = Are They Planets or What?|publisher = Carnegie Institution of Washington|access-date = 2006-06-08 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060928065124/http://www.carnegieinstitution.org/News4-3,2001.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2006-09-28}}</ref><!-- Carnegie citation gives a range of roughly 13–75 Jupiter masses => low end is 13 × 1.9e27 = 2.47e28 kg; high end is ~75 × 1.9e27 = ~14e28 kg => range is 2–14e28 kg. -->
|-
|10<sup id="29">29</sup>
|3{{e|29}} kg
|[[Barnard's Star]], a nearby [[red dwarf]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dawson | first1 = P. C. | last2 = De Robertis | first2 = M. M. | doi = 10.1086/383289 | title = Barnard's Star and the M Dwarf Temperature Scale | journal = The Astronomical Journal | volume = 127 | issue = 5 | page = 2909 | year = 2004 |bibcode = 2004AJ....127.2909D | doi-access = free }}</ref><!-- 0.15-0.17 solar masses => mass = 3.0–3.4e29 kg -->
|}

=== 10<sup>30</sup> to 10<sup>35</sup> kg ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]])
!Value
!Item
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="30">30</sup>
|2{{e|30}} kg
|The [[Sun]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html |title= Sun Fact Sheet |publisher= NASA |access-date= 2011-10-15 }}</ref> (one [[solar mass]] or {{Solar mass}} = 1.989{{e|30}} kg)<!-- Note that the main entry for Sun and the entry for solar mass give slightly different masses in the 4th significant digit as of 2011-10-15. -->
|-
|2.8{{e|30}} kg
|[[Chandrasekhar limit]] ({{Solar mass|1.4}})<ref>p. 55, How A Supernova Explodes, Hans A. Bethe and Gerald Brown, pp. 51–62 in ''Formation And Evolution of Black Holes in the Galaxy: Selected Papers with Commentary'', Hans Albrecht Bethe, Gerald Edward Brown, and Chang-Hwan Lee, River Edge, NJ: World Scientific: 2003. {{ISBN|981-238-250-X}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Mazzali | first1 = P. A. | last2 = Röpke | first2 = F. K. | last3 = Benetti | first3 = S. | last4 = Hillebrandt | first4 = W. | title = A Common Explosion Mechanism for Type Ia Supernovae | doi = 10.1126/science.1136259 | journal = Science | volume = 315 | issue = 5813 | pages = 825–828 | year = 2007 | pmid =  17289993| arxiv = astro-ph/0702351v1 | type = PDF|bibcode = 2007Sci...315..825M | s2cid = 16408991 }}</ref>
|-
|10<sup id="31">31</sup>
|4{{e|31}} kg
|[[Betelgeuse]], a red [[supergiant]] star ({{Solar mass|20}})<ref>Kaler, Jim. [http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/betelgeuse.html "Betelgeuse"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216023607/http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/betelgeuse.html |date=2008-12-16 }} (2008).  ''Stars''. University of Illinois. Retrieved on 2009-02-08.</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="32">32</sup>
|4–7{{e|32}} kg
|[[R136a1]], [[List of most massive stars|the most massive of known stars]] (230 to 345 {{Solar mass}})<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Crowther |first1=Paul A. |display-authors=4 |last2=Schnurr |first2=Olivier |last3=Hirschi |first3=Raphael |last4=Yusof |first4=Norhasliza |last5=Parker |first5=Richard J. |last6=Goodwin |first6=Simon P. |last7=Kassim |first7=Hasan Abu |date=2010 |title=The R136 star cluster hosts several stars whose individual masses greatly exceed the accepted {{Solar mass|150}} stellar mass limit |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |volume=408 |issue=2 |pages=731–751 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17167.x |doi-access=free |arxiv=1007.3284  |bibcode = 2010MNRAS.408..731C |s2cid=53001712 }}</ref>
|-
|6–8{{e|32}} kg
|[[Hyades (star cluster)|Hyades]] star cluster (300 to 400 {{Solar mass}})<ref>[http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/milkyway/OpenClusters.html The Astrophysics Spectator: Open Star Clusters]. Retrieved 2008-09-15</ref>
|-
|10<sup id="33">33</sup>
|1.6{{e|33}} kg
|[[Pleiades]] star cluster ({{Solar mass|800}})<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Adams | first1 = J. D. | last2 = Stauffer | first2 = J. R. | last3 = Monet | first3 = D. G. | last4 = Skrutskie | first4 = M. F. | last5 = Beichman | first5 = C. A. | title = The Mass and Structure of the Pleiades Star Cluster from 2MASS | doi = 10.1086/319965 | journal = The Astronomical Journal | volume = 121 | issue = 4 | page = 2053 | year = 2001 |arxiv = astro-ph/0101139 |bibcode = 2001AJ....121.2053A | s2cid = 17994583 }}</ref>
|-
|10<sup id="34">34</sup>
|
|
|-
|rowspan=3|10<sup id="35">35</sup>
|~10<sup id="-20">35</sup> kg
|Typical [[globular cluster]] in the [[Milky Way]] (overall range:  3{{e|3}} to 4{{e|6}} {{Solar mass}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.astro.lsa.umich.edu/~ognedin/gc/go97_table1.ascii |title=Globular cluster parameters |publisher=Oleg Y. Gnedin and Jeremia P. Ostriker |access-date=2011-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523233550/http://www.astro.lsa.umich.edu/~ognedin/gc/go97_table1.ascii |archive-date=2011-05-23 }}</ref>
|-
|2{{e|35}} kg
|Low end of mass range for giant [[molecular cloud]]s (1{{e|5}} to 1{{e|7}} {{Solar mass}})<ref>{{cite web |url= http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/cosmic_reference/molecular_clouds.html |title= Cool Cosmos |publisher= Infrared Processing and Analysis Center |access-date= 2011-10-16 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/milkyway/MolecularClouds.html |title = Milky Way Galaxy: Molecular Clouds |publisher= The Astrophysics Spectator |access-date= 2011-10-16 }}</ref>
|-
|7.3{{e|35}} kg
|[[Jeans mass]] of a giant [[molecular cloud]] at 100&nbsp;[[Kelvin|K]] and density 30 atoms per cubic centimeter;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/milkyway/MolecularClouds.html |title=Molecular Clouds |work=The Astrophysics Spectator. Issue 5.02 |date=January 30, 2008 |access-date=2008-09-15 |quote=A cool cloud with a temperature of 100K and a density of 30 hydrogen atoms per cubic centimeter has a Jeans length of approximately 50 parsecs and a Jeans mass of approximately 365,000 solar masses. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080204133518/https://www.astrophysicsspectator.com/topics/milkyway/MolecularClouds.html |archive-date=2008-02-04}}</ref><br />possible example: [[Orion molecular cloud complex]]
|}

=== 10<sup>36</sup> to 10<sup>41</sup> kg ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]])
!Value
!Item
|-
| rowspan="4" |10<sup id="36">36</sup>
|1.79{{e|36}} kg
|The entire [[Carina Nebula|Carina complex]].
|-
|2.4{{e|36}} kg
|The [[Gould Belt]] of stars, including the Sun ({{Solar mass|1.2{{e|6}}}})<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Olano | first1 = C. A. | date = 1982 | title = On a model of local gas related to Gould's belt| bibcode=1982A&A...112..195O| journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume = 112 | issue = 2| pages = 195–208 }}</ref>
|-
|7–8{{e|36}} kg
|The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, associated with the radio source [[Sagittarius A*]] ({{Solar mass|3.7±0.2{{e|6}}}})<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ghez | first1 = A. M. | last2 = Salim | first2 = S. | last3 = Hornstein | first3 = S. D. | last4 = Tanner | first4 = A. | last5 = Lu | first5 = J. R. | last6 = Morris | first6 = M. | last7 = Becklin | first7 = E. E. | last8 = Duchene | first8 = G. | doi = 10.1086/427175 | title = Stellar Orbits around the Galactic Center Black Hole | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 620 | issue = 2 | pages = 744–757 | year = 2005 |arxiv = astro-ph/0306130 |bibcode = 2005ApJ...620..744G | s2cid = 8656531 }}</ref>
|-
|8{{e|36}} kg
|[[Omega Centauri|Omega centauri]], the largest globular cluster in the Milky Way, containing approximately 10 million stars.
|-
|10<sup id="37">37</sup>
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|-
|10<sup id="38">38</sup>
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|-
|10<sup id="39">39</sup>
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|-
|10<sup id="40">40</sup>
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|-
|rowspan="2"|10<sup id="41">41</sup>
| 1.98{{e|41}} kg
|[[Phoenix A]], the largest [[supermassive black hole]], weighing 100 billion [[solar mass]]es ({{Solar mass|1{{e|11}}}})
|-
|4{{e|41}} kg
|Visible mass of the [[Milky Way galaxy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://physics.uoregon.edu/~jimbrau/astr123/Notes/Chapter23.html#mass|title=The Milky Way Galaxy|quote=total mass (within 15 kpc) = 2 x 10^11 solar masses|author=Jim Brau|access-date=2011-09-12|author-link=James E. Brau}}</ref>
|}

===The most massive things: 10<sup>42</sup> kg and greater ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Factor ([[kilogram|kg]])
!Value
!Item
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="42">42</sup>
|1.2{{e|42}} kg
|[[Milky Way galaxy]] ({{Solar mass|5.8{{e|11}}}})<ref name=Karachentsev2006>{{cite journal | last1 = Karachentsev | first1 = I. D. | last2 = Kashibadze | first2 = O. G. | date = 2006 | title = Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field | bibcode=2006Ap.....49....3K | journal = Astrophysics | volume = 49 | issue = 1| pages = 3–18 | doi = 10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6 | s2cid = 120973010 }}</ref>
|-
|2–3{{e|42}} kg
|[[Local Group]] of galaxies, including the Milky Way ({{Solar mass|1.29±0.14{{e|12}}}})<ref name=Karachentsev2006/><!-- Low end of mass is:  (1.29-0.14)×1e12 × 1.989e30 = 2.3e42 kg; high end is:  (1.29+0.14)×1e12 × 1.989e30 = 2.8e42 kg -->
|-
|10<sup id="43">43</sup>
|5.37{{e|43}} kg
|[[ESO 146-5]], the heaviest known galaxy in the universe<ref>Durrer, R., & Parnovsky, S. (2023). Catastrophic Dark Matter Particle Capture, 11. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.08843.pdf</ref>
|-
|10<sup id="44">44</sup>
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|-
|10<sup id="45">45</sup>
|1–2{{e|45}} kg
|Local or [[Virgo Supercluster]] of galaxies, including the Local Group ({{Solar mass|1{{e|15}}}})<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Einasto | first1 = M. | display-authors = 4 | last2 = Saar | first2 = E. | last3 = Liivamägi | first3 = L. J. | last4 = Einasto | first4 = J. | last5 = Tago | first5 = E. | last6 = Martínez | first6 = V. J. | last7 = Starck | first7 = J.-L. | last8 = Müller | first8 = V. | last9 = Heinämäki | first9 = P. | last10 = Nurmi | first10 = P. | last11 = Gramann | first11 = M. | last12 = Hütsi | first12 = G. | year = 2007 | title = The richest superclusters: I. Morphology | journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume = 476 | issue = 2| pages = 697–711 | doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:20078037 | bibcode=2007A&A...476..697E|arxiv = 0706.1122 | s2cid = 15004251 }}</ref>
|-
|10<sup id="46">46</sup>
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|-
|10<sup id="47">47</sup>
|2{{e|47}} kg
|[[Laniakea Supercluster]] of galaxies, which encompasses the Virgo supercluster
|-
|10<sup id="48">48</sup>
|2{{e|48}} kg
|[[Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex]], a [[galaxy filament]] that includes the [[Laniakea Supercluster]].
|-
|10<sup id="49">49</sup>
|4{{e|49}} kg
|[[Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall]], the largest structure in the known universe
|-
|10<sup id="50">50</sup>
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|-
|10<sup id="51">51</sup>
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|-
|rowspan=2|10<sup id="52">52</sup>
|4.4506{{e|52}} kg
|[[Mass of the observable universe]] as estimated by [[NASA]]
|-

|1.4{{e|53}} kg
|[[Mass of the observable universe]] as estimated by the U.S. [[National Solar Observatory]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.cs.umass.edu/~immerman/stanford/universe.html|title=Mass, Size, and Density of the Universe}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Lists of astronomical objects]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/massunits.html Mass units conversion calculator]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080401234327/http://www.pixeling.net/conversions/mass.htm Mass units conversion calculator JavaScript]

{{Orders of magnitude}}
{{Portal bar|Physics|Mathematics|Astronomy|Stars|Outer space|Solar System|Science}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Orders Of Magnitude (Mass)}}
[[Category:Orders of magnitude|Mass]]
[[Category:Mass]]