View source for Otto Grotewohl

{{Short description|German politician (1894–1964)}}
{{Refimprove|date=May 2014}}
{{more footnotes|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox politician
| name                = Otto Grotewohl
| image               = Otto Grotewohl Anefo.jpg
| caption             = Grotewohl in 1964
| office              = [[Council of Ministers of East Germany#Chairmen|Chairman]] of the<br />[[Council of Ministers of East Germany|Council of Ministers]]{{efn|Titled "Minister-President" until 8 December 1958.}}
| 2blankname          = {{nowrap|First Deputy}}
| 2namedata           = {{ubl|[[Walter Ulbricht]]|Willi Stoph}}
| term_start          = 7 October 1949
| term_end            = 21 September 1964{{efn|Though de jure in office until his death, Willi Stoph was acting Chairman since November 1960 because of Grotewohl's declining health.}}
| predecessor         = ''Position established''
| successor           = [[Willi Stoph]]
| office1             = [[Socialist Unity Party of Germany#General Secretaries of the Central Committee of the SED|Chairman of the<br />Socialist Unity Party]]
| deputy1             = {{ubl|Walter Ulbricht|[[Max Fechner]]}}
| alongside1          = [[Wilhelm Pieck]]
| term_start1         = [[Merger of the KPD and SPD|22 April 1946]]
| term_end1           = 25 July 1950
| predecessor1        = ''himself'' (as [[History of the Social Democratic Party of Germany#Chairmen|Co-Chairman of the Central Committee of the SPD]])
| successor1          = [[Walter Ulbricht]]<br />(as General Secretary)
| office2             = [[History of the Social Democratic Party of Germany#Chairmen|Chairman of the<br />Central Committee of the SPD]]
| alongside2          = Erich Gniffke, [[Max Fechner]]
| term_start2         = 15 June 1945
| term_end2           = [[Merger of the KPD and SPD|22 April 1946]]
| predecessor2        = [[Hans Vogel]]<br />(as Chairman of the [[Sopade]])
| successor2          = ''himself'' (as [[Lists of political office-holders in East Germany#Leaders of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED)|Co-Chairman of the Socialist Unity Party]])
{{Collapsed infobox section begin |last=yes |[[Free State of Brunswick]] Government
 |titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes
| office3             = Minister of Justice
| 1blankname3         = {{nowrap|[[Free State of Brunswick#Ministers-President, 1919–1946|Minister-President]]}}
| 1namedata3          = {{ubl|Heinrich Jasper}}
| term_start3         = 13 February 1923
| term_end3           = 24 December 1924
| predecessor3        = Ewald Vogtherr
| successor3          = Johannes Lieff
| 1blankname4         = {{nowrap|[[Free State of Brunswick#Ministers-President, 1919–1946|Minister-President]]}}
| 1namedata4          = {{ubl|Otto Antrick}}
| term_start4         = 28 March 1922
| term_end4           = 23 May 1922
| predecessor4        = August Junke
| successor4          = Heinrich Jasper (acting)
| office5             = Minister of Public Education
| 1blankname5         = {{nowrap|[[Free State of Brunswick#Ministers-President, 1919–1946|Minister-President]]}}
| 1namedata5          = {{ubl|[[Sepp Oerter]]|August Junke|Otto Antrick}}
| term_start5         = 25 November 1920
| term_end5           = 23 May 1922
| predecessor5        = Sepp Oerter (acting)
| successor5          = Rudolf Kaefer{{Collapsed infobox section end}}}}
{{Collapsed infobox section begin |last=yes |Parliamentary constituencies
 |titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes
| office6            = Member of the [[Volkskammer]]<br />for [[East Berlin|Berlin]]
| term_start6        = [[German People's Council#First people's council|18 March 1948]]
| term_end6          = 21 September 1964
| predecessor6       = ''Constituency established''
| successor6         = Eberhard Alff (1965)
| office7             = Member of the [[Reichstag (Weimar Republic)|Reichstag]] <br /> for [[South Hanover–Braunschweig]]
| term_start7         = 31 October 1925
| term_end7           = 22 June 1933
| predecessor7        = Elise Bartels
| successor7          = ''Constituency abolished''
| office8            = Member of the<br />[[Landtag]] of the [[Free State of Brunswick]]
| term_start8        = [[Brunswick Landtag elections in the Weimar Republic#1920|22 June 1920]]
| term_end8          = 1926
| predecessor8       = ''multi-member district''
| successor8         = Robert Oppermann{{Collapsed infobox section end}}}}
| birth_name          = Otto Emil Franz Grotewohl
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|1894|3|11|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Braunschweig]], [[Duchy of Brunswick|Duchy of Braunschweig]], [[German Empire]] (now [[Lower Saxony]], [[Germany]])
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|1964|9|21|1894|3|11|df=y}}
| death_place         = [[East Berlin]], [[East Germany]]
| party               = [[Socialist Unity Party of Germany|Socialist Unity Party]]<br />(1946–1964)
| otherparty          = [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]] (1912–1918; 1922–1946)<br />[[Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany|Independent Social Democratic Party]] (1918–1922)
| occupation          = {{hlist|Politician|Printer}}
| spouse              = Marie Martha Louise
| children            = 2
| allegiance          = {{flag|German Empire}}
| branch              = [[German Imperial Army|Army]]
| unit                = 137th Infantry Regiment
| battles             = [[World War I]]
| module2             = {{collapsible list
| title = Central institution membership
| bullets = on
| 1949–1964: Full member,<br />[[Socialist Unity Party of Germany#Politburo of the Central Committee|Politburo of the Central Committee]]
| 1946–1964: Full member,<br />[[Socialist Unity Party of Germany#Central Committee|Central Committee]]{{refn|group=note|Party Executive Committee until 1950}}
}}
----
{{collapsible list
| title = Other offices held
| bullets = on
| 1960–1964: Deputy Chairman,<br />[[State Council of East Germany|State Council]]
| 1960–1964: Member, [[State Council of East Germany|State Council]]
| 1960–1964: Member,<br />[[National Defence Council (East Germany)|National Defence Council]]
}}
}}

'''Otto Emil Franz Grotewohl''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɔtoː ˈɡʁoːtəvoːl}}; 11 March 1894 – 21 September 1964) was a German politician who served as the first [[prime minister]] of the [[East Germany|German Democratic Republic]] (East Germany) from [[Foundation of East Germany|its founding]] in October 1949 until his death in September 1964. 

Grotewohl was a [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]] (SPD) politician in the [[Free State of Brunswick]] during the [[Weimar Republic]] and leader of the party branch in the [[Soviet Occupation Zone]] after World War II. Grotewohl led the [[Merger of the KPD and SPD into the Socialist Unity Party of Germany|SPD's merger]] with the [[Communist Party of Germany|Communist Party]] (KPD) to form the [[Socialist Unity Party of Germany]] (SED) in 1946 and served as co-chairman of the party with KPD leader [[Wilhelm Pieck]] until 1950. Grotewohl [[Leadership of East Germany#Heads of government|chair]]ed the [[Council of Ministers of East Germany|Council of Ministers]] after the [[Foundation of East Germany|formal establishment]] of the GDR in 1949 and served as the ''[[de jure]]'' [[head of government]] under First Secretary [[Walter Ulbricht]] until his death in 1964.

==Biography==
===Early years===
Grotewohl was born on 11 March 1894 in [[Braunschweig]] to a middle-class [[Protestantism in Germany|Protestant]] family, the son of a [[master tailor]],<ref name=oup>{{cite book|title=A Dictionary of Political Biography|year=1998|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=Oxford|page=199|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199569137.001.0001/acref-9780199569137-e-290|isbn=9780199569137|url-access=subscription|editor-last=Kavanagh|editor-first=Dennis |editor-last2=Riches|editor-first2=Christopher|chapter=Grotewohl, Otto}}</ref> and was apprenticed to a printer. At the age of 16 he joined the youth wing of the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]]. Grotewohl served in the [[Imperial German Army|German Army]] during [[World War I]],<ref name=AHG>{{cite book|title=Area Handbook for Germany|publisher=[[U.S. Government Printing Office]]|year=1960|page=706|author=[[American University]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qlEsAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> and started his political career after the war as a leader of the [[Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany]] (USPD), and in 1920 was elected to the ''[[Landtag]]'' of the [[Free State of Brunswick]] in the Weimar Republic. Grotewohl served as a minister in numerous cabinets of the Brunswick state government, including Minister of Justice and Education from March to May 1922, and Minister of Justice from February 1923.<ref>Dierk Hoffmann: ''Otto Grotewohl (1894–1964): eine politische Biographie'', S. 148 ff. (online [https://books.google.com/books?id=vtzoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA148 bei google books])</ref>

[[File:Otto Grotewohl 1930.jpg|thumb|left|Grotewohl's official [[Reichstag (Weimar Republic)|Reichstag]] portrait, 1930]]

In 1922, Grotewohl and the majority of the USPD members joined the Social Democratic Party, and on 31 October 1925 he became a member of parliament in the national ''[[Reichstag (Weimar Republic)|Reichstag]]'' to replace the SPD representative [[Elise Bartels]] after her death. Grotewohl was elected to the Reichstag in his own right in the [[1930 German federal election|September 1930 election]] and re-elected in the [[July 1932 German federal election|July 1932]], [[November 1932 German federal election|November 1932]], and [[March 1933 German federal election|March 1933]] elections.

===Nazi era===
Grotewohl was eventually dismissed as a representative in the Reichstag after the ''[[Machtergreifung]]'', the establishment of [[Nazi Germany]], and like other SPD members was subject to discrimination.<ref>Dierk Hoffmann (2009), ''Otto Grotewohl (1894–1964): eine politische Biographie'', S. 158 ff. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=vtzoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA161 online])</ref> On 23 March 1933, Grotewohl had voted against Chancellor [[Adolf Hitler]]'s [[Enabling Act of 1933|Enabling Act]], a constitutional amendment allowing Hitler to enact laws without the Reichstag's approval, which passed. Grotewohl was brutally beaten, arrested and imprisoned several times by Nazi police and subsequently forced to leave Braunschweig, first moving to Hamburg then from 1938 to Berlin, where he worked as a greengrocer and industrial representative. Grotewohl joined a resistance group centered around Erich Gniffke, an SPD politician he knew from Braunschweig, but the group ended up ensuring the contact and economic survival of its members rather than resisting Nazi rule.  In August 1938, Grotewohl was again brutally beaten, arrested and charged by Nazi police with treason before the [[People's Court (Germany)|People's Court]]. On 4 March 1939, Grotewohl was released from pre-trial detention and the court's procedure against him was discontinued after seven months.<ref name="hof189">Dierk Hoffmann: ''Otto Grotewohl (1894–1964): eine politische Biographie'', Oldenbourg 2009, S. 189 ff. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=vtzoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA189 online])</ref> Grotewohl was again brutally beaten and arrested by Nazi police after [[Georg Elser]]'s attempted assassination of Adolf Hitler and other high-ranking Nazis on 8 November 1939, spending about eight weeks in custody before being released.<ref name="hof189"/> Grotewohl worked as a clerk in Berlin after his release and increasingly devoted his time to painting. Grotewohl had been scheduled for arrest again on 20 July 1944, but the Gestapo was unable to locate him because he was now living off-the-grid.<ref>Dierk Hoffmann: ''Otto Grotewohl (1894–1964). Eine politische Biographie.'' Oldenbourg, 2009, S. 192 ff.</ref> According to Heinz Voßke's 1979 biography of Grotewohl, this lifestyle allowed him to avoid being conscripted into the ''[[Volkssturm]]'' during the closing months of World War II.

===Formation of the Socialist Unity Party===
{{Main|Merger of the KPD and SPD into the Socialist Unity Party of Germany}}

After German defeat in World War II in May 1945, the country was occupied by the Allied forces and divided into four zones governed by the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and France, respectively. Grotewohl and several other former SPD politicians founded a branch of the re-established Social Democratic Party of Germany in the [[Soviet Occupation Zone]], and he became the branch leader as Chairman of the Central Committee. Immediately after the war, the Soviets believed the Communist Party of Germany (KPD), rebuilt by the "[[Ulbricht Group]]" and led by [[Wilhelm Pieck]], would naturally develop into the strongest political force in their zone with some guidance. However, Soviet leader [[Joseph Stalin]] and KPD deputy leader Walter Ulbricht began to push for a merger with the eastern SPD after the poor performance of communist parties in elections in Hungary and Austria in November 1945. The SPD in the Soviet zone faced increasing pressure from the [[Soviet Military Administration in Germany|Soviet Military Administration]] (SVAG) to merge with the KPD, despite historic animosity between the two parties. Unification was pushed by some members of Grotewohl's SPD in the Soviet zone and Berlin, under the belief that division between the main left-wing parties had led to Nazi rise to power. Grotewohl initially opposed the merger, but under duress from Ulbricht and SVAG soon yielded and became a proponent of a quick unification. Grotewohl's change of heart was fiercely opposed by [[Kurt Schumacher]], a prominent member of the eastern SPD and anti-communist, who subsequently became leader of the western SPD after the merger.

In April 1946, the KPD and the eastern branch of the SPD merged as the Socialist Unity Party (SED), with Pieck and Grotewohl serving as co-chairmen. Grotewohl's hand appeared alongside Pieck's on the SED's "handshake" logo derived from the SPD-KPD congress establishing the party where he symbolically shook hands with Pieck. Grotewohl's position allowed him to avoid the systematic sidelining and exclusion of former SPD members that began soon after the merger. The few recalcitrant SPD supporters were condemned as "Agents of Schumacher" and shunted aside, accelerating a process that left the SED as essentially the KPD under a new name. Eventually, Grotewohl was one of the few holdovers from the SPD half of the merger to have a prominent post in the merged party.

In 1948, Grotewohl became Chairman of the constitutional committee of the [[German People's Council]], the predecessor of the ''[[Volkskammer]]''.

===Prime minister===
[[File:Fotothek df pk 0000172 011 Porträt, Ernst.jpg|thumb|left|21 April 1946: Grotewohl (right) and Wilhelm Pieck (left) sealing the unification of the SPD and KPD with a symbolic handshake. Walter Ulbricht in the foreground to the right of Grotewohl.]]

On 12 October 1949, a few days after the [[Foundation of East Germany|formal proclamation]] of the new country, Grotewohl became the first prime minister (''Ministerpräsident'') of the German Democratic Republic (commonly known as East Germany or the GDR), five days after its establishment from the Soviet Occupation Zone with the SED as the ruling party. Grotewohl was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers (''Ministerrat''), the ''de jure'' government of the GDR, while Pieck served as [[President of East Germany|State President]]. Although Grotewohl and Pieck were officially on equal footing, Grotewohl wielded far more real political power in state affairs than Pieck.In the East German political hierarchy, the prime minister was the highest state official, with the president nominally ranking second. Thus, for the GDR's first year of existence, Grotewohl was the most powerful politician in the country.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

Grotewohl's power was significantly reduced in July 1950, when the SED restructured along more orthodox Soviet lines. Ulbricht became First Secretary of the SED's Central Committee, the ''de facto'' power center of the GDR, and thus the ''de facto'' leader of East Germany. Grotewohl remained as Chairman of the Council of Ministers and the official head of government without challenge from the SED. However, the Council of Ministers, despite being officially defined as the "government" of East Germany, was reduced to a transmission belt for policies made by the SED's Politburo. Grotewohl was thus left as mostly a figurehead without any real influence on state affairs. Grotewohl was a member of the delegation that signed the [[Treaty of Zgorzelec]] on the recognition of the Oder-Neisse border as a border between the GDR and the [[People's Republic of Poland]]. In 1957, Grotewohl advocated for the [[Rapacki Plan]] for a nuclear weapon-free zone in Central Europe.

Unlike Ulbricht and most of his other SED colleagues, Grotewohl was known to openly favour a more humane way of governing. He condemned abuses in the legal system in a major speech at the SED party conference on 28 March 1956. He also denounced illegal arrests, called for more respect for civil rights, and even called for lively debate in the Volkskammer. Grotewohl also made a veiled criticism of Justice Minister [[Hilde Benjamin]]'s notoriously high-handed handling of political trials. Despite his open criticism of the SED's increasingly heavy-handed rule, Grotewohl retained his posts without reprisal because the Kremlin maintained its trust in him.

===Last years and death===
Grotewohl, who was 55 years old upon coming to power, faced rapidly declining health during his premiership. Grotewohl was repeatedly taken to a government hospital during the 1950s, typically minor examinations in which he was released on the same day, but also multi-day stays. However, Grotewohl was not only examined by specialist physicians in the GDR, who identified [[arteriosclerosis]] and incipient calcification of the coronary system in his heart in 1953, but also took advantage of the medical care of top Soviet politicians in Moscow. On 12 November 1953, Grotewohl visited the [[:ru:Здание Кремлёвской поликлиники на Воздвиженке|Kremlin Polyclinic]] in Moscow. Afterwards, Grotewohl completed a three-and-a-half-week cure on the Black Sea. He reportedly took advantage of these unofficial stays in Moscow to conduct political talks with the Kremlin, but there are no official records. From 1955, Grotewohl's doctors were worried about the condition of his cardiovascular system. In 1959, they finally diagnosed incipient heart failure and pushed for a reduction in workload. Due to the persistent high blood pressure and the chronic arrhythmia, the physicians feared a heart attack. 

In 1960, Grotewohl was diagnosed with [[leukemia]], and the course of the year saw his health deteriorate rapidly to the point he was barely able to participate in daily political business.<ref name=einebiographie>{{cite book|title=Otto Grotewohl 1894-1964 : Eine politische Biographie|year=2009|publisher=Veröffentlichungen zur SBZ-/DDR-Forschung im Institut für Zeitgeschicht|pages=466–468|author=Dierk Hoffmann}}</ref> On 4 April 1960, Grotewohl traveled to a four-week relaxing holiday on the Black Sea; eight months later, he arrived again for several weeks in the Soviet sanatorium in [[Barvikha]]. After his return from the Soviet Union, he reluctantly moved with his wife from Pankow to [[Wandlitz]], giving in to a previous decision from Ulbricht.<ref name=einebiographie/> At the end of October 1960, Grotewohl had commissioned his top deputy, [[Willi Stoph]], as acting prime minister, although he officially remained in office. The permanent cardiovascular disorders prevented Grotewohl's return to politics, and he was no longer able to participate actively in the meetings of the leadership committees of the party and the government. As his eyesight also faded, he could no longer read any script, which is why there are hardly any public speeches from him at the beginning of 1961.<ref name=einebiographie/> Despite the clear medical situation, his resignation was out of the question. On the contrary, in September 1960 Grotewohl became Deputy Chairman of the [[State Council of the German Democratic Republic|State Council]], the collective body that was created on the base of the Presidency which was abolished after Wilhelm Pieck's death in 1960. 

Grotewohl died on 21 September 1964, at 12:35 noon, in the [[Niederschönhausen]] area of Pankow, East Berlin, from the complications of a [[brain haemorrhage]].<ref>Heinz Voßke: ''Otto Grotewohl. Biographischer Abriß.'' Dietz, Berlin 1979, S. 316.</ref> A few hours later, the GDR flag on the [[Brandenburg Gate]] was lowered half-mast and the [[Deutscher Fernsehfunk]] broadcasting was interrupted. The GDR Council of Ministers ordered 3-day mourning period and Grotewohl was [[lying in state]] in the [[Former Reichsbank building|SED Headquarters]]. On 15 October, his ashes were buried at the ''Memorial to the Socialists'' ({{langx|de|Gedenkstätte der Sozialisten}}) in the [[Zentralfriedhof Friedrichsfelde|Friedrichsfelde Central Cemetery]], [[Berlin]].

==Legacy==
After his death, the ''[[Wilhelmstrasse]]'' in East Berlin was renamed ''Otto-Grotewohl-Straße'' in his honor; the street retained this name until 1991, following [[German reunification]]. On 15 April 1986, the present-day Mohrenstraße U-Bahn station in eastern Berlin, then known as the ''Thälmannplatz'' station, was also renamed ''Otto-Grotewohl-Straße''. The Third German School in Chapayesky Lane, Moscow, was named the Otto Grotewohl School.

==Personal life==
[[image:MajakowskiringGrotewohl.JPG|thumb|Grotewohl's house in 46 [[Majakowskiring]] in Berlin]]
Grotewohl was married to Marie Martha Louise (''née'' Ohst) from 1919 until 1949. The couple had two children, a son Hans and daughter Dorle.<ref>Dierk Hoffmann: ''Otto Grotewohl (1894–1964).'' Oldenbourg, München 2009, S. 36 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=XZQ1glcB3w0C&pg=PA36 online]).</ref> Hans Grotewohl (1924–1999), was an architect who was sent by his father to lead a German Work Team for rebuilding [[Hamhung]], North Korea, in 1954 after the Korean War. Grotewohl married his secretary, Johanna Schumann (''née'' Danielzig) the same year as his divorce from Ohst.<ref>Heinz Voßke: ''Otto Grotewohl. Biographischer Abriß.'' Dietz, Berlin 1979, S. 298 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=8h0FAAAAMAAJ&q=Johanna+Schumann Ausschnitt]).</ref> 

He was an avid painter and amateur filmmaker.<ref>[http://www.argus.bstu.bundesarchiv.de/dy30apb/index.htm?kid=d4967cf1-0e9a-44a8-93c1-fc5ea78026a9 ''Begräbnisse und Ehrungen für Parteiveteranen''] bei argus.bstu.bundesarchiv.de</ref>

==Further reading==
{{Commons category|Otto Grotewohl}}
* Roth, Gary. "Review of Hoffmann, Dierk, ''Otto Grotewohl (1894–1964): Eine politische Biographie''" H-German, H-Net Reviews. November 2010. [https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=31618 online]
* Loeding, Matthias: ''Der Handlungsspielraum des Zentralausschusses (ZA) der SPD in Berlin im Jahre 1945''. Dissertation, Hannover 2002.
* Loeding, Matthias: ''Führungsanspruch und Einheitsdrang. Der Zentralausschuss der SPD in Berlin im Jahre 1945''. Kovac, Hamburg 2002, {{ISBN|3-8300-0770-1}}.
* Loeding, Matthias: ''Otto Grotewohl kontra Kurt Schumacher. Die Wennigsener Konferenz im Oktober 1945''. Kovac, Hamburg 2004, {{ISBN|3-8300-1391-4}}.
* Loeding, Matthias: ''Wie Phönix aus der Asche: Zur Rolle Otto Grotewohls bei der Gründung des Zentralausschusses der SPD in Berlin im Frühjahr/Sommer 1945''. Grin-Verlag, München 2008, {{ISBN|978-3-638-94173-0}}. (Online Resource). 
* Hoffmann, Dierk: ''Otto Grotewohl (1894–1964). Eine politische Biographie''. Oldenbourg, München 2009, {{ISBN|978-3-486-59032-6}} (Veröffentlichungen zur SBZ-/DDR-Forschung im Institut für Zeitgeschichte).<ref>Max Bloch: [http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/rezensionen/2009-4-201 ''Rezension zu: Hoffmann, Dierk: Otto Grotewohl (1894–1964). Eine politische Biographie. München 2009'']. In: ''[[H-Soz-u-Kult]]'', 4. Dezember 2009.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
{{reflist|group=note}}

==External links==
* {{PM20|FID=pe/006601}}

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{{Succession box|
 title=[[Ministerrat|Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the GDR]]|
 before=[[Count Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk]] as ''[[Chancellor of Germany (German Reich)|Leading Minister of the German Reich]]''|
 after=[[Willi Stoph]]|
 years=1949–1964}}
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{{succession box|
title=Chairman of the [[Socialist Unity Party of Germany]] <br><small>(with [[Wilhelm Pieck]])</small>|
before=Post created|
after=[[Walter Ulbricht]] (as First Secretary)|
years=1946–1950}}
{{s-end}}

{{Heads of government of the German Democratic Republic}}
{{Leaders of the Ruling Parties of the Eastern Bloc}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Grotewohl, Otto}}
[[Category:1894 births]]
[[Category:1964 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Braunschweig]]
[[Category:People from the Duchy of Brunswick]]
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[[Category:Members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany]]
[[Category:Prime ministers of East Germany]]
[[Category:Members of the State Council of East Germany]]
[[Category:Members of the Reichstag 1924–1928]]
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[[Category:German Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Karl Marx]]
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