View source for Oviedo

{{about|the city in Spain|the city in the United States|Oviedo, Florida|other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Oviedo
| settlement_type    = [[Municipalities of Spain|Municipality]]
| official_name      = Oviedo/Uviéu
| native_name        = {{nativename|ast|Uviéu}}
| image_skyline      = {{Multiple image
  | perrow = 1/2/2/1
  | border = infobox
  | total_width = 280 
  | caption_align = center
  | image1 = Catedral de Oviedo 03.jpg
  | caption1 = [[Cathedral of Oviedo|Cathedral of the Holy Saviour]]
  | image2 = Fachada principal del Teatro Campoamor.JPG
  | caption2 = Campoamor Theatre
  | image3 = 15. Junta General del Principado de Asturias (36143894785).jpg
  | caption3 = [[General Junta of the Principality of Asturias|Asturian parliament]]
  | image4 = Oviedo, Espanha - panoramio (9).jpg
  | caption4 = Fontán Square
  | image5 = Santa María Naranco.JPG
  | caption5 = [[Santa María del Naranco|St Mary at Naranco]]
  | image6 = Oviedo desde el monte Naranco.jpg
  | caption6 = View from Naranco mountain
}}
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = 
| image_flag         = Uvieu_flag.svg
| image_shield       = Escudo_de_Oviedo.svg
| nickname           = 
| motto = {{force singular}} Benemérita, invicta, heroica, buena, muy noble, muy leal<br /><small>(Meritorious, undefeated, heroic, good, very noble, very loyal)</small>
| image_map          = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=285|frame-height=180|frame-align=center|frame-coordinates={{Coord|39.8|N|3.7|W}}|zoom=4|type=point|title=Oviedo|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080|text=Interactive map of Oviedo.}}
| map_caption        = Location of Oviedo
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = [[Spain]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous community]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Asturias]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Provinces of Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Asturias]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[Comarcas of Spain|Comarca]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Oviedo (Asturian comarca)|Oviedo]]
| coordinates        = {{coord|43|21|36|N|5|50|42|W|region:ES_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 232
| elevation_min_m    = 
| elevation_max_m    = 
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="area">{{cite web|url=https://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/catalogo.do?Serie=NGMEN|title=Nomenclátor Geográfico de Municipios y Entidades de Población|trans-title=Geographical Nomenclature of Municipalities and Population Entities|publisher=National Center for Geographic Information (CNIG)|language=es}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 186.65
| established_title  = <!-- Founded -->
| established_date   = 
| population_as_of   = 2024
| population_footnotes = <ref name="population">{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/en/index.htm?padre=10607&capsel=11555|title=Annual population census 2021-2024|publisher=[[National Statistics Institute (Spain)|INE]]}}</ref>
| population_total   = 220027
| population_demonym = ''ovetense'' in Castilian <br />''uvieín/a'' in Asturian or, colloquially, ''carbayón''
| population_note    = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| blank_name_sec1    = [[Languages of Spain|Official language(s)]]
| blank_info_sec1    = [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| timezone           = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset         = +1
| timezone_DST       = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST     = +2
| postal_code_type   = [[List of postal codes in Spain|Postal code]]
| postal_code        = from 33001 to 33013
| area_code_type     = [[Telephone numbers in Spain|Dialing code]]
| area_code          = 
| leader_title       = [[Alcalde]]
| leader_name        = Alfredo Canteli (2019)
| leader_party       = [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]
| website            = {{URL|http://www.oviedo.es/}}
| module             = 
| footnotes          = 
}}
[[File:Santa María del Naranco. Oviedo.jpg|right|thumb|[[Santa María del Naranco]] (Pre-Romanesque shrine)]]
[[File:1. Iglesia San Julián de los Prados (35752657690).jpg|right|thumb|[[San Julián de los Prados]] (Pre-Romanesque shrine)]]
[[File:San Miguel de Lillo 01.jpg|thumb|right|[[San Miguel de Lillo]] (Pre-Romanesque shrine)]]
[[File:La-Regenta-y-Catedral.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Cathedral of San Salvador (founded in 781 AD), and the Statue of [[La Regenta]] ]]
[[File:Church of San Isidoro el Real, Oviedo 16.JPG|upright|right|thumb|[[San Isidoro, Oviedo|San Isidoro El Real Church]]]]
[[File:Real Monasterio de San Pelayo (Oviedo).jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Monastery of Saint Pelagius|San Pelayo Monastery]]]]
[[File:Oviedo02.jpg|thumbnail|right|Building at [[Plaza de la Escandalera|Plaza de La Escandalera]]]]

'''Oviedo''' ({{IPA|es|oˈβjeðo|lang|Pronunciation of Oviedo in Spanish.ogg}}) or '''Uviéu''' ([[Asturian language|Asturian]]: {{IPA|ast|uˈβjew|}}) is the capital city of the [[Asturias|Principality of Asturias]] in northern [[Spain]] and the administrative and commercial centre of the region. With a population of 220,027, it is also the [[List of municipalities in Asturias|2nd-largest city in Asturias]].<ref name="population" />

Oviedo is located approximately {{convert|24|km|0|abbr=on}} southwest of [[Gijón]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://esdistancia.com/route/oviedo/gij%C3%B3n|title=Distancia de Oviedo a Gijón en coche|website=esdistancia.com|language=es|access-date=2018-12-18|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806044802/https://esdistancia.com/route/oviedo/gij%C3%B3n|url-status=live}}</ref> and {{convert|23|km|0|abbr=on}} southeast of [[Avilés]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://esdistancia.com/route/oviedo/aviles|title=Distancia de Oviedo a Avilés en coche|website=esdistancia.com|language=es|access-date=2018-12-18|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806041823/https://esdistancia.com/route/oviedo/aviles|url-status=live}}</ref> both of which lie on the shoreline of the [[Bay of Biscay]]. Oviedo's proximity to the ocean of less than {{convert|30|km|mi}} in combination with its elevated position with areas of the city more than 300 metres above sea level causes the city to have a [[maritime climate]], even though it does not sit directly on the shore.

==History==
{{see also|Timeline of Oviedo}}
The [[Kingdom of Asturias]] began in 720, with the Visigothic aristocrat [[Pelagius of Asturias|Pelagius]]'s (685–737) revolt against the Muslims who at the time were occupying most of the [[Iberian Peninsula]]. The [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania|Moorish invasion]] that began in 711 had taken control of most of the peninsula, until the revolt in the northern mountains by Pelagius. The resulting Kingdom of Asturias, located in an economically poor region of Iberia, was largely ignored by the Muslims. In 720, the area where Oviedo is now located was still uninhabited.<ref>[[Linehan, Peter]]. ''History and the historians of medieval Spain''. Clarendon Press, 1993, p.83-4.</ref>

It is said that two monks, Máximo and Fromestano ({{Langx|la|Maximus et Fromestanus}}), founded the city in 761. That settlement was soon to be completed with the construction of a small church dedicated to [[Vincent of Saragossa|Saint Vincent]]. Oviedo was established on an uninhabited hillside, with no Visigothic or Roman foundation before it became an Asturian city.<ref>Linehan 1993, p.83-4</ref>  Following Pelagius, who died in 737, [[Alfonso I of Asturias|Alfonso I]] (739–57) founded a dynasty that reigned until 1037. The Asturian Kingdom was on hostile terms with southern Moorish Spain. In 794, Oviedo was sacked and pillaged by Emir [[Hisham I of Córdoba|Hisham I]] in one of his numerous campaigns against the Christian kingdoms.<ref>''Hisham I'', D.M. Dunlop, ''[[The Encyclopaedia of Islam]]'', Vol. III, ed. [[Bernard Lewis|B. Lewis]], V.L. Menage, [[Charles Pellat|C. Pellat]] and [[Jacob Schacht|J. Schacht]], (E.J. Brill, 1986), 495.</ref>

King Alfonso I is said to have "set in place the whole order of the Goths, as it had been in [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]], as much in the church as in the palace."<ref>''Chronica Albeldensia''. XV. 9: ed. Gil, Crónicas asturianas, p. 174.</ref>  The intention with Oviedo was to shape it into a city similar to that of Visigothic Toledo. Once kings had settled in Oviedo, they adopted as much of the architectural style and imagery of Toledo. Even with this in mind, Oviedo did not necessarily resemble the old Visigothic capital in Toledo. The churches and buildings of Oviedo follow instead late provincial Roman tradition. Since Asturias at the time was an agriculturally poor area of Spain the scale of the buildings is quite impressive.<ref>Wickham, Chris.''The Inheritance of Rome''. Penguin Books, 2009, p. 500-3</ref>

Oviedo's rich architectural tradition began with King Fruela I (757–768). King [[Fruela I of Asturias]], the fourth of the Asturian monarchs, was the first decided promoter of the city as may be witnessed by his construction of both a palace and a nearby church. This church was later restored by Alfonso II. Oviedo owes to a later king, [[Alfonso II of Asturias|Alfonso II]] The Chaste (791–842), its establishment as a capital city and ruling seat as a result of the moving of the court from [[Pravia]] and the creation of the Pilgrim's Route to [[Santiago de Compostela]], a major event in the history of Oviedo, a church dedicated to [[Jesus Christ|The Saviour]], the [[Oviedo Cathedral|Cathedral of San Salvador]], and a royal palace formed the nucleus of Oviedo. Also constructed during Alfonso II's reign was the San Julian de los Prados church, which is one of the best preserved Asturian churches. Alfonso II's successor, [[Ramiro I of Asturias|Ramiro I]] (842–850), continued Alfonso II's construction streak. Ramiro I constructed two buildings, the [[Santa María del Naranco|Church Santa Maria del Naranco]] and [[San Miguel de Lillo]]. The Church Santa Maria de Naranco was likely to originally be Ramiro I's palace and later changed into a church.<ref>Collins, Roger. ''Caliphs and Kings: Spain, 796-1031''. Wiley-Blackwell, 2012, p.109</ref>  By this time the Court of the Palace was centered in Oviedo, which was the main royal residence. This court was controlled by members of the Asturian nobility.<ref name="Collins 2012, p.71">Collins 2012, p.71</ref>

Ramiro I's (842–850) eight-year tenure was uneasy, he faced rebellions from the Counts of the Palace. The first rebellion against Ramiro I was led by Alroitus, and the second rebellion was led by Piniolus. Both of these rebellions were unsuccessful in removing Ramiro I. These rebellions may have been why Ramiro I built his palace in the mountains surrounding Oviedo, presumably away from the violence.<ref name="Collins 2012, p.71"/>  During the 9th century in Oviedo, Roman style property law is common. 9th century documents also indicate small scale aristocracies across the kingdom, as well as a large presence of a landowning peasantry.<ref name="Wickham 2009, p.500-3">Wickham 2009, p.500-3</ref>

Following Ramiro I's reign, [[Ordoño I]] (850–866) came into power and began the Asturian king's father-son succession. Ordoño I was the first king to push southwards into Arab territory.<ref name="Wickham 2009, p.500-3"/>  Following Ordoño I's death on 27 May 866, usurpers attempted to take the throne. The following [[Alfonso III of Asturias|king Alfonso III]] (866–910), who was thirteen at the time, took refuge in Castile until his followers had killed the usurper.<ref name="Collins 2012, p.78">Collins 2012, p.78</ref>

Alfonso III's contributions to building construction are not nearly as well documented as Ramiro I's or Alfonso II's contributions. The Chronicle of Alfonso III does not mention any buildings created by Alfonso III, neither does the Chronicle of Albelda. In 882, the body of the Cordoban martyr [[Eulogius of Córdoba|Eulogius]] was sent to Oviedo. This was meant a diplomatic gift from Emir Muhammad I (852–886). Eulogius was executed in 859. The body was probably accompanied by Eulogius's book collection.<ref name="Collins 2012, p.78"/>  In the 16th century, the only manuscript of Eulogius's writings was discovered in the Oviedo Cathedral Library. Here it was copied once before it disappeared completely from the library. Following an offensive in 881 against an Umayyad army, Alfsonso III returned to Oviedo to rebuild churches. It was at this time he constructed one or more palaces. [[The Chronicle of Albelda]] and the [[Sampiro|Chronicle of Sampiro]] tie Alfonso III's victories in battle to his program of church building in Oviedo.<ref name="Collins 2012, p.81">Collins 2012, p.81</ref>  In 908, Alfonso III commissioned a gold and jewelled cross to contain the cross carried by Pelagius I at Covadonga. This "Cross of Victory" is located in the [[Cámara Santa|Camara Sancta]] in the Oviedo Cathedral. However, recent Carbon14 analysis of the wooden cross indicates that it was no older than the golden casing created to surround the cross. The commission of the casing shows us Alfonso III's interest in perpetuating the legend of Pelagius I.

Towards the end of Alfonso III's reign, he faced many challenges. In 901, a prophet named Alhaman led a "great army of Muslims" and attempted to take Zamora.{{Citation needed|date=August 2015}} To add to this, Alfonso III's brother Vermudo revolted in Astorga. There were several attempts at the aging Alfonso III's life by his sons. Alfonso III was overthrown by sons, and died in Zamora. His body was taken to Oviedo for burial.

The moving of the royal court to [[León, León|León]], after the death of [[Alfonso III of León|Alfonso III]], 'The Great', links the life of the city to the relics preserved in its cathedral and the passing of pilgrims that visit El Salvador, and continue on their way to Santiago de Compostela. Kings spent less and less time in Oviedo following the change, and spent more time in the rich Duero Plains. León was built up after it became the capital, and eventually surpassed Oviedo in terms of construction.

During the 12th century, many Royal Charters were fabricated by [[Pelagius of Oviedo|Bishop Pelayo]] de [[Bishopric of Oviedo|Oviedo]], "el fabulador" ("the fabulist"). Since there were few checks on internal bookkeeping in the kingdom actions like this had become commonplace throughout Asturias. When original documents faded, they were copied onto cartularies and often with alterations that suited the needs of those who copied the documents. The most glaring example can be seen in the ''[[Liber Testamentorum]]'', which was compiled by Bishop Pelayo de Oviedo in 1109. This document contained many confirmation rights and property rights of the Oviedo cathedral by Asturian and Leonese Kings. Bishop Pelayo's intent behind this was to try to gain the independence of his see from the archbishop of [[Archbishopric of Toledo|Toledo]] or Santiago, as well as to promote Oviedo as a pilgrim destination.<ref>Collins 2012, p.51</ref>  According to Sánchez-Albornoz, "He (Bishop Pelayo) always, always, always falsified."<ref>'Siempre, siempre, siempre falsificó al service de las Gloria de su iglesia’: Hist. de España Espasa calpe, vii. I. p.589</ref>  It is assumed that Bishop Pelayo never committed forgery for the enjoyment, but primarily to promote the church of Oviedo.<ref>Linehan 1993, p.78-9</ref>

The following centuries (12th–16th) witness the development of the medieval city, the outlines of which are still preserved today, the construction of the city walls, a devastating fire which took place on Christmas Eve in 1521, and the [[aqueduct (watercourse)|aqueduct]] works, ''Los Pilares'', constructed in order to provide the city with water throughout the 16th century.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}} The city had a Jewish community, and after the [[Expulsion of Jews from Spain|expulsion of Spain's Jews]] in 1492, Oviedo was included in a royal investigation into the smuggling of Jewish property.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Beinart |first=Haim |author-link=Haim Beinart |title=The Expulsion of the Jews from Spain |publisher=The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization in association with Liverpool University Press |year=2001 |series=Littman Library of Jewish Civilization |volume=1 |location=Oxford |pages=297–298 |translator=Jeffrey M. Green}}</ref>

The foundation of the Arts College ([[University of Oviedo]]) by [[Fernando de Valdés Salas]], at the beginning of the 17th century, opened Oviedo to a progressive urban expansion. Further impulse was in the 18th century by the regional nobility and the construction of remarkable palaces; in the 19th century by industrial growth and the suburban development of Uría Street; and finally in the 20th century by administrative and commercial development.

In October 1934, there was a left-wing revolt against the conservative government, based in several cities. In Asturias, the fighting developed into a small, short-lived civil war: the [[Asturian miners' strike of 1934]]. 50,000 workers, mostly miners, armed themselves with dynamite and captured Oviedo after heavy fighting. They gained control of the arsenal with 30,000 rifles and machine guns. The Army Chief of Staff, General [[Francisco Franco]] sent in soldiers who overpowered the rebels after severe street fighting that left 3,000 rebels dead and 7,000 wounded. The cathedral was badly damaged, with its eighth-century chapel blown up by a mine. In the aftermath, many false atrocity stories circulated.<ref>Gerald Brennan, The Spanish Labyrinth: An Account of the Social and Political Background of the Spanish Civil War (2nd ed. 1950) pp 285-87</ref>

The [[Siege of Oviedo]] in 1936 was a memorable event in the [[Spanish Civil War]]. The army garrison rose in support of the [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|Nationalist]] [[Spanish coup of July 1936|coup d'état]] and withstood a siege of three months by an improvised [[Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)|Republican]] force until relieved in 1937.

==Geography==
Oviedo is located in the centre of Asturias between the [[Nalón (river)|Nalón River]] and [[Nora River]]. To the north lie [[Las Regueras]] and [[Llanera, Asturias|Llanera]], to the south [[Mieres|Mieres del Camino]] and [[Ribera de Arriba]], to the east [[Siero]] and [[Langreo]], and to the west [[Grado, Asturias|Grado]] and [[Santo Adriano]]. The altitude of Oviedo is between 80 and 709 metres above sea level. The city is protected against strong winds by [[Monte Naranco]] in the north and the [[Sierra del Aramo]] in the south. The city centre is rather hilly.
{{Gallery
| title        = Orthophotomaps of Oviedo
| align        =
| footer       =
| style        =
| state        =
| height       =
| width        =
| captionstyle =
| File: Ortofotomapa Asturias 2010-OVIEDO CENTRO.jpg
 | Oviedo city center
 | alt1=
| File: Ortofotomapa Asturias 2010-OVIEDO OESTE.jpg
 | West Oviedo
 | alt2=
| File: Ortofotomapa Asturias 2010-OVIEDO ESTE.jpg
 | East Oviedo
 | alt3=
}}

===Parishes===
[[File:Mapa Parroquial Uviéu (color).jpg|thumb|Map with the [[Parroquia (Spain)|parishes]] of Oviedo.]]
* [[Trubia]]
* [[Colloto]] (divided between two municipalities: Oviedo and [[Siero]])
* [[San Claudio]]
* [[San Esteban de les Cruces]]
* [[Latores]]
* [[Olloniego]]

===Climate===
Oviedo's climate is [[oceanic climate|oceanic]] (Cfb in the [[Köppen climate classification]]). Its climate is very similar to neighbouring city Gijón, with only slightly wider fluctuations in temperature due to its higher altitude and  more inland location. Oviedo's warmest month is in August with an average high of {{convert|23.7|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1249I&k=ast|title=Standard Climate values for Oviedo|publisher=Aemet.es|access-date=2015-07-22|archive-date=22 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722185330/http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1249I&k=ast|url-status=live}}</ref> The city centre is located at a lower elevation than the weather station so is probably somewhat milder year-round since both are located in an upwards gradient away from the sea. Its maritime position renders winters much milder than in continental Spain such as in the [[Madrid]] capital region, but summers naturally are far less hot than in the interior. There is a slight drying tendency during summer, albeit less than in other areas of Spain.

{{Weather box
|location = Oviedo, altitude {{convert|336|m|ft|abbr=on}} (1991-2020), extremes (1972-2023)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 23.4
|Feb record high C = 24.6
|Mar record high C = 28.0
|Apr record high C = 31.5
|May record high C = 32.4
|Jun record high C = 35.5
|Jul record high C = 39.0
|Aug record high C = 35.6
|Sep record high C = 36.4
|Oct record high C = 31.7
|Nov record high C = 26.6
|Dec record high C = 23.0
|year record high C = 
|Jan high C = 12.1
|Feb high C = 12.8
|Mar high C = 15.0
|Apr high C = 16.2
|May high C = 18.7
|Jun high C = 21.1
|Jul high C = 23.0
|Aug high C = 23.7
|Sep high C = 22.0
|Oct high C = 19.0
|Nov high C = 14.4
|Dec high C = 12.5
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = 8.4
|Feb mean C = 8.7
|Mar mean C = 10.6
|Apr mean C = 11.7
|May mean C = 14.3
|Jun mean C = 16.9
|Jul mean C = 18.8
|Aug mean C = 19.4
|Sep mean C = 17.6
|Oct mean C = 14.8
|Nov mean C = 10.8
|Dec mean C = 9.0
|year mean C = 
|Jan low C = 4.8
|Feb low C = 4.7
|Mar low C = 6.2
|Apr low C = 7.3
|May low C = 9.8
|Jun low C = 12.6
|Jul low C = 14.7
|Aug low C = 15.0
|Sep low C = 13.2
|Oct low C = 10.6
|Nov low C = 7.2
|Dec low C = 5.4
|year low C = 
|Jan record low C = -6.0
|Feb record low C = -3.8
|Mar record low C = -3.6
|Apr record low C = -1.7
|May record low C = 1.6
|Jun record low C = 5.6
|Jul record low C = 7.4
|Aug record low C = 8.6
|Sep record low C = 5.2
|Oct record low C = 1.0
|Nov record low C = -4.2
|Dec record low C = -3.6
|year record low C = 
|Jan precipitation mm = 102
|Feb precipitation mm = 89
|Mar precipitation mm = 88
|Apr precipitation mm = 97
|May precipitation mm = 80
|Jun precipitation mm = 62
|Jul precipitation mm = 44
|Aug precipitation mm = 57
|Sep precipitation mm = 66
|Oct precipitation mm = 104
|Nov precipitation mm = 134
|Dec precipitation mm = 105
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation days = 12.3
|Feb precipitation days = 10.1
|Mar precipitation days = 10.8
|Apr precipitation days = 12.1
|May precipitation days = 11.5
|Jun precipitation days = 8.9
|Jul precipitation days = 7.2
|Aug precipitation days = 7.7
|Sep precipitation days = 8.0
|Oct precipitation days = 11.6
|Nov precipitation days = 13.5
|Dec precipitation days = 11.6
|unit precipitation days = 1&nbsp;mm
|year precipitation days = 
| unit snow days = 
| Jan snow days  =1.1
| Feb snow days  =1.6
| Mar snow days  =0.7
| Apr snow days  =0.2
| May snow days  =0
| Jun snow days  =0
| Jul snow days  =0
| Aug snow days  =0
| Sep snow days  =0
| Oct snow days  =0
| Nov snow days  =0.1
| Dec snow days  =0.5
| year snow days =
|Jan humidity = 77
|Feb humidity = 75
|Mar humidity = 74
|Apr humidity = 76
|May humidity = 78
|Jun humidity = 79
|Jul humidity = 79
|Aug humidity = 79
|Sep humidity = 79
|Oct humidity = 79
|Nov humidity = 80
|Dec humidity = 77
|year humidity = 
|Jan sun = 112
|Feb sun = 124
|Mar sun = 158
|Apr sun = 165
|May sun = 177
|Jun sun = 171
|Jul sun = 177
|Aug sun = 183
|Sep sun = 174
|Oct sun = 146
|Nov sun = 108
|Dec sun = 108
|year sun = 
|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/datos_abiertos/AEMET_OpenData |title=AEMET OpenData|publisher=Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia|access-date=18 November 2024 }}</ref>
|date=November 2014
}}

== Demographics ==
{{Historical populations|1842|23603|1857|29777|1877|35983|1887|44814|1900|48374|1910|54572|1920|70096|1930|76147|1940|79287|1950|100813|1960|124407|1970|152453|1981|184473|1991|196051|2001|201154|2011|225005|2021|217164|source=[[National Statistics Institute (Spain)|INE]]<ref>{{cite web|title=INEbase. Alterations to the municipalities in the Population Censuses since 1842|url=https://www.ine.es/intercensal/intercensal.do|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Spain)|National Statistics Institute]]}}</ref>|align=right|cols=1}}
As of 2024, the foreign-born population is 32,460, equal to 14.8% of the total population. The 5 largest foreign nationalities are [[Colombians]] (4,233), [[Venezuelans]] (3,120), [[Ecuadorians]] (2,990), [[Cubans]] (1,990) and [[Romanians]] (1,901).<ref name="population" />
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+Foreign population by country of birth (2024)<ref name="population" />
!Country
!Population
|-
|{{flag|Colombia}}
|4,233
|-
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
|3,120
|-
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|2,990
|-
|{{flag|Cuba}}
|1,990
|-
|{{flag|Romania}}
|1,901
|-
|{{flag|Paraguay}}
|1,761
|-
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|1,642
|-
|{{flag|Morocco}}
|1,333
|-
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}
|1,323
|-
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|1,256
|-
|{{flag|Peru}}
|935
|-
|{{flag|Russia}}
|824
|-
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|750
|-
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|717
|-
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
|636
|}

==Economy==
The economy is strongly dependent on the [[service sector]], with many office buildings in the city centre. Oviedo's status as the administrative centre of the region supports a large number of jobs in public administration. The [[manufacturing sector]], which remains important in this part of Spain, is not prevalent in Oviedo itself, but is more important in the adjacent municipalities of [[Siero]] and [[Llanera, Asturias|Llanera]] which lie to the north of the city, between Oviedo and [[Gijon]]. In 2009, the municipality had a total debt of €135 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meh.es/Documentacion/Publico/AdministracionElectronica/Oficina%20Virtual%20Entidades%20Locales/Informe_Deuda_Local_2009.pdf |title=Microsoft Word - Informe_Deuda_Local_2009 |access-date=2013-03-12 |archive-date=4 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104012933/http://www.meh.es/Documentacion/Publico/AdministracionElectronica/Oficina%20Virtual%20Entidades%20Locales/Informe_Deuda_Local_2009.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Architecture==
Oviedo contains a very rich architectural history, with many buildings dating back to the early medieval period. Many of the building projects were undertaken during [[Alfonso II of Asturias|Alfonso II]]'s (791-842) reign and [[Ramiro I of Asturias|Ramiro I]]'s (842-850) reign. [[Alfonso III of Asturias|Alfonso III]]'s contributions are not as well documented.

Alfonso II is said to have built four churches, one dedicated to Christ the Saviour, the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Tyrsus, and SS Julian and Basilissa. There are few traces of the churches dedicated to the Saviour, the Virgin Mary, and St. Tyrsus. The [[Cathedral of San Salvador, Oviedo|San Salvador church]], which was dedicated to the Saviour, is probably beneath the Cathedral of Oviedo. The church of [[Church of Santa María de la Corte|Santa Maria de la Corte]], which was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, was demolished in 1702.<ref name="Collins 2012, p.109">Collins 2012, p.109</ref>  As for St. Tyrsus, the church dedicated to him exists today as the [[Church of San Tirso, Oviedo|church of San Tirso]]. Only a wall and a three light window are believed to have been built by Alfonso II, the majority of the rest of the church is dated to the 14th century.<ref>Collins, Roger. ''Spain: an Oxford archaeological guide''. Oxford University Press, 1998, p.217-219</ref> The best preserved church constructed during Alfonso II's time was [[San Julian de los Prados]].
[[File:Oviedo Landscape (230140305).jpeg|thumb|left|290px|Panoramic view of Oviedo]]
Two buildings are said to have been built during Ramiro I's reign, one was a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary and the other construction was a palace. These were built just outside Oviedo, on Monte Lignum. The church [[Santa María del Naranco|Santa Maria de Naranco]] seems to originally have been a palace, but later repurposed into a church. The church has an atypical plan from other churches at its time, possibly because it was supposed to contain a throne room for the king. The other church built during Ramiro I's time was [[San Miguel de Lillo]].<ref name="Collins 2012, p.109"/>

[[Codex Vigilanus|The Chronicle of Albelda]], one of the primary sources used to discern which King commissioned which building, only extends to 883. Because of this, constructions undertaken during Alfonso III's time as king were not documented.<ref name="Collins 2012, p.81"/>

The following is a list of the notable architectural sites in Oviedo:
* [[Cathedral of San Salvador (Oviedo)|Cathedral of San Salvador]], was erected in 1388 over the previous cathedral, which was founded in the 8th century. The original church was built by [[Fruela I of Asturias|Fruela I the Cruel]] (757), and then built upon by Alfonso II (791-842). The Tower on the south side of the church was erected in 1556. The north tower was never completed.<ref name="Collins 1998, p.217-9">Collins 1998, p.217-9</ref>
* [[Cámara Santa, Oviedo|Cámara Santa de Oviedo]]. Dating from 802. It is located within the Cathedral, attached to the southern transept of the cathedral, and it is a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]. Houses the [[Arca Santa]] chest reliquary of the [[Sudarium of Oviedo]]. The Cámara Sancta houses many Christian treasures. It contained the great gold and jeweled cross of victory for Alfonso III, which was made for housing a wooden cross used by the first Asturian king, Pelayo. The wooden cross was supposedly used in the Asturian victory at the battle of the Covadonga in 718. The Arca Sancta itself, which is covered with decorated silver plates, was commissioned by Alfonso VI (1072–1109).<ref name="Collins 1998, p.217-9"/>
* [[Santa María del Naranco]] Hall, 9th century. A relatively large pavilion, part of a palace complex built for the King Ramiro I.
* [[San Miguel de Lillo]] (small church), 9th century.
* Basilica of [[San Julián de los Prados]]. This church was originally constructed by Alfonso II (791-842), and is one of the best preserved Asturian churches. The church features a fresco decoration style. Although it was reported to have been placed near a palace, no trace of such palace has been found. Ideologically it would appear that church was opposed to religious imagery, which seems to parallel the iconoclast movement in the Byzantine Empire. However, there was no documentation of this ideal circulating in Spain at this point in time, so the Asturian stance on iconoclasm should not be inferred from this fact.<ref>Collins 1998, 217-9</ref>
* [[La Foncalada]]. Fountain of the 9th century. It is the only preserved [[Pre-Romanesque]] civil work in the whole of [[Europe]].
* The [[Universidad de Oviedo|University of Oviedo]] was created in 1574, but only inaugurated on 21 September 1608, the feast of [[Saint Matthew]]. It was funded by the terms of the will of Archbishop D. Fernando Valdés Salas, minister and General Inquisitor under [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] and [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]].
* Town Hall (Casa Consistorial). Dates from 1662.
* [[Capilla de la Balesquida|La Balesquida Chapel]] (13th century). Associated with Oviedo's taylors' guild. Repeatedly restored in the 17th, 19th and 20th centuries. It is dedicated to the Virgin of Hope.
* House of the Llanes (18th century). It is the best [[Baroque]] façade in the whole of Asturias.
* Deán Payarinos' House (20th century). A building on the Beaux Arts style. Nowadays, it houses the [[Eduardo Martínez Torner Conservatory]].
* The [[San Vicente de Oviedo|Monastery of San Vicente]] (8th century). At the moment, home of the [[Archaeological Museum of Asturias]].
* The Convent [[Santo Domingo de Guzmán, Oviedo|Church of Santo Domingo, Oviedo]] (16th century). One of the monastic settlements outside the city walls. The original building burnt down in 1934 and it was heavily reconstructed after the Civil War.
* El Fontán Market (17th-18th centuries). A simple but rather monumental complex; an 18th-century porticoed square, which housed the vegetable market. It fell victim to speculative manoeuvres. It was left to deteriorate on its own; claiming that it was beyond repair, it was then demolished in 1998 and rebuilt offering all modern amenities, but with its original proportions radically changed; the original complex being much lower than its modern replacement.
* Casas del Cuitu, early 20th century [[Art Nouveau]] apartment building.
* [[Palacio de Congresos de Oviedo]] projected by [[Santiago Calatrava]].
*[[Church of San Tirso, Oviedo|Church of San Tirso]], or the Church of Saint Thyrsus, is located south west of the main cathedral. Only the east end of the church can trace its roots to Alfonso II's reign, with the rest of the church created during the 14th century. The triple arcaded window and east wall are the only portions of the church made during the early 9th century.<ref name="Collins 1998, p.217-9"/>
* [[Camposagrado Palace (Oviedo)|Camposagrado Palace]] built in 1728 and 1744 combining baroque and neo-classical architectures. It is presently the home of the Regional Court of Asturias.<ref name="Vasquez de Prada (2011)">{{cite web|last1=Vasquez de Prada|first1=Fernanadez|title=Palacio de los Marqueses de Camposagrado en Oviedo/Arquitecto de la Riva Ladron de Guevara|url=http://patrimonioarquitectonicodeasturias.blogspot.mx/2011/11/palacio-de-los-marquese-de-camposafrado.html|website=Patrimonio Arquitectónico de Asturias|access-date=2015-05-05|language=es|date=4 November 2011|archive-date=20 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120081427/http://patrimonioarquitectonicodeasturias.blogspot.mx/2011/11/palacio-de-los-marquese-de-camposafrado.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Plazas and squares===
* [[Plaza de la Escandalera]], located in the [[downtown]] area
* '''Plaza del Fontán''', located in the old quarters of the city. It has been used as a marketplace for many centuries.
* '''Corrada del Obispo'''
* '''Plaza Porlier''', located by the cathedral in the downtown area.

==Culture==
[[File:Museo arte oviedo.jpg|thumb|180px|upright|[[Museum of Fine Arts of Asturias]]]]
[[File:Oviedo- Teatro Campoamor.jpg|180px|thumb|Campoamor Theatre]]
[[File:15. Junta General del Principado de Asturias (36143894785).jpg|180px|thumb|Parliament building of the Principality of Asturias]]
[[File:Oviedo Uría.jpg|thumb|180px|upright|The Uria Street, city centre]]

Oviedo inspired the fictional city of ''Vetusta'' in [[Leopoldo Alas]]'s ''[[La Regenta]]''. Other Spanish writers were inspired by the city, including [[Ramón Pérez de Ayala]] in ''[[Tigre Juan]]'' and [[Dolores Medio]] in her novel ''[[Nosotros los Rivero]]''.

Oviedo was featured prominently in [[Woody Allen]]'s movie ''[[Vicky Cristina Barcelona]]''.

'''Museums in Oviedo''':
* [[Archaeological Museum of Asturias]]
* [[Museum of Fine Arts of Asturias]]
* [[Camara Santa]] within the Cathedral houses the [[Arca Santa]] and Sudarium of Oviedo
* [[Diocesan Museum]]
* ''[[Tabularium Artis Asturiensis]]''
* [[Center for the reception and understanding of Preromanesque Art]]

'''Other cultural centres in Oviedo''':
* [[Teatro Campoamor|Campoamor Theatre]], opera house
* Filarmónica Theatre
* [[Palacio de Congresos de Oviedo]]
* Prince Felipe Auditorium

'''Cultural institutions''':
Orquesta Sinfonica del Principado de Asturias is the premier orchestra of the region, the Principality of Asturias. This full-time symphony orchestra performs a wide range of the classical repertoire with world class soloists and conductors. It is based in the Auditorio Principe Felipe in Oviedo, but it also performs regularly at the main concert venues in Gijón and Avilés. It is Internationally recognized as one of the best orchestras in Spain, it is also committed to adventurous programing with strong emphasis on education and community partnerships. Rossen Milanov is the Music Director.

Oviedo also hosts the annual [[Princess of Asturias Awards]] (previously called the '''Prince of Asturias Awards'''). This prestigious event, held in the city's Campoamor Theatre, recognizes international achievement in eight different categories. Previous award winners include [[Oscar Niemeyer]], [[Bob Dylan]] and [[Francis Ford Coppola]] in the category of [[Arts]]; [[Nelson Mandela]], the [[International Space Station]] and [[Al Gore]] in the category of International Cooperation; and [[Mario Bunge]], [[CNN]] and [[Quino]] in the category of Communications and Humanities.

[[Oviedo University]]'s international campus attracts many foreign scholars from all over the globe.

The city lends its name to the [[sudarium of Oviedo]] a religious relic<ref>{{cite book |last=Bennett |first=Janice |title=Sacred Blood, Sacred Image: The Sudarium of Oviedo, New Evidence for the Authenticity of the Shroud of Turin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fKk2cU_-Q8UC |access-date=2010-10-21 |date=January 2005 |publisher=Ignatius Press |isbn=978-0-9705682-0-5 |archive-date=25 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025183555/https://books.google.com/books?id=fKk2cU_-Q8UC |url-status=live }}</ref> revered there since the 9th century.

==Politics==
The current mayor is Alfredo Canteli ([[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]).

===Councillors distribution in local elections===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%;"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! colspan="3" |Councilors for Oviedo since 1979
|-
| colspan="3" | {{hidden begin|title=''Key to parties''|contentstyle=font-size:95%; border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}}
{{colbegin|colwidth=12.5em}}
{{legend|{{party color|Somos}}|Somos|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Communist Party of Asturias}}|[[Communist Party of Asturias|PCA–PCE]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|United Left of Asturias}}|[[United Left of Asturias|IU–IX]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Left Front (Asturias)}}|ASCIZ|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Asturian Socialist Federation}}|[[Asturian Socialist Federation|PSOE]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)}}|[[Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)|UCD]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Citizens (Spanish political party)}}|[[Citizens (Spanish political party)|Cs]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)}}|[[Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)|CDS]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Democratic Coalition (Spain)}}|[[Democratic Coalition (Spain)|CD]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Asturias Forum}}|[[Asturias Forum|FAC]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|People's Party of Asturias}}|[[People's Party of Asturias|PP]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|People's Coalition (Spain)}}|[[People's Coalition (Spain)|CP]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|People's Alliance (Spain)}}|[[People's Alliance (Spain)|AP]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Vox (political party)}}|[[Vox (political party)|Vox]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{colend}}
{{hidden end}}
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Election
! Distribution
!Mayor
|-
| align=center|[[Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish local elections (Asturias)#Oviedo|1979]]
|
{| style="width:45em; font-size:85%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;"
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of Asturias}}; width:7.41%; color:white;"| 2
| style="background:{{party color|Asturian Socialist Federation}}; width:40.74%; color:white;"| 11
| style="background:{{party color|Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)}}; width:44.44%; color:white;"| 12
| style="background:{{party color|Democratic Coalition (Spain)}}; width:7.41%; color:white;"| 2
|}
|Luis Riera Posada ([[Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)|UCD]])
|-
| align=center|[[Results breakdown of the 1983 Spanish local elections (Asturias)#Oviedo|1983]]
|
{| style="width:45em; font-size:85%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;"
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of Asturias}}; width:3.7%; color:white;"| 1
| style="background:{{party color|Asturian Socialist Federation}}; width:48.14%; color:white;"| 13
| style="background:{{party color|People's Coalition (Spain)}}; width:48.14%; color:white;"| 13
|}
| rowspan="2" |[[Antonio Masip Hidalgo]] ([[Asturian Socialist Federation|PSOE]])
|-
| align=center|[[Results breakdown of the 1987 Spanish local elections (Asturias)#Oviedo|1987]]
|
{| style="width:45em; font-size:85%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;"
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|United Left of Asturias}}; width:3.7%; color:white;"| 1
| style="background:{{party color|Asturian Socialist Federation}}; width:44.44%; color:white;"| 12
| style="background:{{party color|Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)}}; width:14.81%; color:white;"| 4
| style="background:{{party color|People's Alliance (Spain)}}; width:37.03%; color:white;"| 10
|}
|-
| align=center|[[Results breakdown of the 1991 Spanish local elections (Asturias)#Oviedo|1991]]
|
{| style="width:45em; font-size:85%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;"
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|United Left of Asturias}}; width:7.41%; color:white;"| 2
| style="background:{{party color|Asturian Socialist Federation}}; width:37.03%; color:white;"| 10
| style="background:{{party color|Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)}}; width:7.41%; color:white;"| 2
| style="background:{{party color|People's Party of Asturias}}; width:48.1%; color:white;"| 13
|}
| rowspan="6" |Gabino de Lorenzo ([[People's Party of Asturias|PP]])<br>{{Smaller|resigned January 2012}}
|-
| align=center|[[Results breakdown of the 1995 Spanish local elections (Asturias)#Oviedo|1995]]
|
{| style="width:45em; font-size:85%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;"
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|United Left of Asturias}}; width:11.11%; color:white;"| 3
| style="background:{{party color|Asturian Socialist Federation}}; width:22.22%; color:white;"| 6
| style="background:{{party color|People's Party of Asturias}}; width:66.66%; color:white;"| 18
|}
|-
| align=center|[[Results breakdown of the 1999 Spanish local elections (Asturias)#Oviedo|1999]]
|
{| style="width:45em; font-size:85%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;"
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|United Left of Asturias}}; width:7.41%; color:white;"| 2
| style="background:{{party color|Asturian Socialist Federation}}; width:37.03%; color:white;"| 10
| style="background:{{party color|People's Party of Asturias}}; width:55.55%; color:white;"| 15
|}
|-
| align=center|[[Results breakdown of the 2003 Spanish local elections (Asturias)#Oviedo|2003]]
|
{| style="width:45em; font-size:85%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;"
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|United Left of Asturias}}; width:7.41%; color:white;"| 2
| style="background:{{party color|Asturian Socialist Federation}}; width:29.63%; color:white;"| 8
| style="background:{{party color|People's Party of Asturias}}; width:62.96%; color:white;"| 17
|}
|-
| align=center|[[Results breakdown of the 2007 Spanish local elections (Asturias)#Oviedo|2007]]
|
{| style="width:45em; font-size:85%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;"
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Left Front (Asturias)}}; width:3.70%; color:white;"| 1
| style="background:{{party color|Asturian Socialist Federation}}; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 9
| style="background:{{party color|People's Party of Asturias}}; width:62.96%; color:white;"| 17
|}
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center" |[[Results breakdown of the 2011 Spanish local elections (Asturias)#Oviedo|2011]]
| rowspan="2" |
{| style="width:45em; font-size:85%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;"
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|United Left of Asturias}}; width:11.11%; color:white;"| 3
| style="background:{{party color|Asturian Socialist Federation}}; width:22.22%; color:white;"| 6
| style="background:{{party color|Asturias Forum}}; width:25.93%; color:white;"| 7
| style="background:{{party color|People's Party of Asturias}}; width:40.74%; color:white;"| 11
|}
|-
|Agustín Iglesias Caunedo (PP)<br>{{Smaller|from January 2012}}
|-
| align="center" |[[Results breakdown of the 2015 Spanish local elections (Asturias)#Oviedo|2015]]
|
{| style="width:45em; font-size:85%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;"
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|United Left of Asturias}}; width:11.11%; color:white;" | 3
| style="background:{{party color|Somos}}; width:22.22%; color:white;" | 6
| style="background:{{party color|Asturian Socialist Federation}}; width:18.52%; color:white;" | 5
| style="background:{{party color|Citizens (Spanish political party)}}; width:7.41%; color:white;" | 2
| style="background:{{party color|People's Party of Asturias}}; width:40.74%; color:white;" | 11
|}
|Wenceslao López Martínez (PSOE)
|-
| align="center" |[[Results breakdown of the 2019 Spanish local elections (Asturias)#Oviedo|2019]]
|
{| style="width:45em; font-size:85%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;"
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Somos}}; width:11.11%; color:white;" | 3
| style="background:{{party color|Asturian Socialist Federation}}; width:29.63%; color:white;" | 8
| style="background:{{party color|Citizens (Spanish political party)}}; width:18.52%; color:white;" | 5
| style="background:{{party color|People's Party of Asturias}}; width:33.33%; color:white;" | 9
| style="background:{{party color|Vox (political party)}}; width:7.41%; color:white;" | 2
|}
| rowspan=2|Alfredo Canteli Fernández (PP)
|-
|align="center" |[[Results breakdown of the 2023 Spanish local elections (Asturias)#Oviedo|2023]]
|
{| style="width:45em; font-size:85%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;"
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|United Left of Asturias}}; width:11.11%; color:white;" | 3
| style="background:{{party color|Asturian Socialist Federation}}; width:25.93%; color:white;" | 7
| style="background:{{party color|People's Party of Asturias}}; width:51.85; color:white;" | 14
| style="background:{{party color|Vox (political party)}}; width:11.11%; color:white;" | 3
|}
|}

===Traditions===
[[File:Día de América en Asturias-2015 35.jpg|thumb|right|The Cuban float during the ''American Day in Asturias'' parade]]
[[File:Oviedo-Plaza del Fontán.jpg|thumb|right|El Fontán square]]
[[File:Oviedo_cartel.jpg|thumb|right|3D letters]]
'''The Festive Calendar:'''
* Cabalgata de los Reyes Magos de Oriente: The traditional Twelve Night [[parade]], where the Three Wise Men of the East and their retinue parade through the city main streets, reaching the Cathedral Square, where they make their offering to the Child Jesus.
* ''L'Antroxu'' ([[Carnival]])
* The Sudarium of Oviedo is displayed to the public three times a year: [[Good Friday]], the [[Exaltation of the Holy Cross|Feast of the Triumph of the Cross]] on 14 September, and its octave on 21 September.
* The Feast of the ''Ascension''
* ''La Foguera de San Xuan'' ([[Saint John's Bonfire]]):
* ''La Balesquida'' or ''Martes del Bollu'' or ''Martes del campo'': A public holiday, on a Tuesday in mid-May, where people make a picnic in parks
* The Feast of San Mateo, a popular week-long festival with street food, music, concerts in the cathedral square and the ''Día de América en Asturias''
* ''El Desarme'' (Disarmament's Day), commemorating the cunning victory of the locals over a Carlist army during the First Carlist War, during the 1830s

'''Typical gastronomy of the province:'''

* ''Fabada'', bean stew with selected cuts of pork, etc.
* ''Callos'', tripe
* ''Carne gobernada'', (chunks of meat, prepared with onion, garlic and white wine sauce)
* ''Chorizo a la sidra'', ([[chorizo]] sausage prepared in [[cider]])
* ''Paxarines'', figures made from breadcrumb and egg coloured with saffron
* ''Carbayones'', Oviedo's typical almond pastry
* ''Sidra'', ([[cider]]), Asturian typical drink, fermented apple cider
* ''Arroz con leche'', similar to rice pudding
* ''Frixuelos'', similar to a crêpe

== Sport==

===Formula One===
The most famous athlete from Oviedo is [[2005 Formula One season|2005]] and [[2006 Formula One season|2006]] [[Formula One]] world champion [[Fernando Alonso]], famous for being Spain's only Formula One title winner, having raced for [[Minardi]], [[Renault F1|Renault]], [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]], [[McLaren]], [[Alpine F1 Team|Alpine]], and [[Aston Martin]]. Alonso has his official career and life museum, together with a karting circuit designed by himself, in Llanera, nearby Oviedo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fernandoalonso.com/en/museum/|title=Fernando Alonso museum|publisher=Fernando Alonso.com|access-date=2015-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514030429/http://www.fernandoalonso.com/en/museum|archive-date=2017-05-14|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Sports teams in Oviedo===
*''[[Real Oviedo]]'', [[football (soccer)|football]] team. ([[La Liga]], first division)
*''[[Oviedo RC|Real Oviedo Rugby]]'', [[rugby union]] team. ([[División de Honor B de Rugby|División de Honor B]], second division)
*''[[Oviedo CB]]'', [[basketball]] team. ([[LEB Oro]], second division)
*[[Balonmano Base Oviedo]], [[handball]] team. (División de Honor Plata, second division)
*''[[:es:Oviedo Booling Club|Oviedo Booling]]'', [[roller hockey]] team. (OK Plata, second division)
*[[Real Oviedo Femenino]], [[Women's association football|football]] team. ([[Segunda División Pro (women)|Segunda Federación]])

===Annual sports events===
[[File:Estadio Municipal Carlos Tartiere (Real Oviedo S.A.D.).jpg|220px|thumbnail|right|[[Estadio Carlos Tartiere]]]]
* International Showjumping Competition
* City of Oviedo Horse Show
* City of Oviedo San Silvestre* Outdoor Sports Climbing
* [[Vuelta a España]] (Cycling)
* [[Vuelta a Asturias]] (Cycling)
* [[Subida al Naranco|Ascent of Naranco]] (Cycling)
* City of Oviedo Mountain Bike Open
* City of Oviedo Cycle Criterium
* Base Hockey International Tournament
* Prince of Asturias International Rally
* National Auto-Cross Championship
* International Hurdles Competition
* International Chess Open
* Boxing Nights
* Ascension Bowls Tournament
* San Mateo Bowls Tournament
* Open de España (Disc Golf)

==Transport==

===Airports===
Oviedo is served by the [[Asturias Airport]], about {{convert|48|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} from the center of the city; it is located in the municipality of Castrillón. The airport is connected to the city by the A-8 motorway, the A-66 motorway and scheduled bus service ([[ALSA (bus company)|Alsa]]).

===Public transport===
Oviedo currently has 15 bus lines<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tua.es/es/lineas-y-horarios/|title=Líneas y Servicios en Oviedo|date=2020-07-09|website=TUA|access-date=9 July 2020|archive-date=24 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624211256/http://www.tua.es/es/lineas-y-horarios|url-status=dead}}</ref> and one {{lang|es|Búho}} (owl) line. The [[Night service (public transport)|owl services]] run on Saturdays, Sundays and on the eve of public holidays, except [[Christmas Day]] and [[Christmas Eve]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tua.es/es/lineas-y-horarios/linea-buho.html|title=Línea Búho en Oviedo|date=2020-07-09|website=TUA|access-date=9 July 2020|archive-date=5 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705144725/http://www.tua.es/es/lineas-y-horarios/linea-buho.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Last two lines (''Línea U'' y ''Línea V'') that connect rural zones of Oviedo were implemented in March 2020 and they only operate between Monday and Friday.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tua.es/es/avisos/nuevas-lineas-u-y-v-de-zonas-rurales-2-marzo-2020.html|title=Líneas U y V en Oviedo|date=2020-07-09|website=TUA|access-date=9 July 2020|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806023807/http://www.tua.es/es/avisos/nuevas-lineas-u-y-v-de-zonas-rurales-2-marzo-2020.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Rail===
The [[Oviedo railway station]] provides a wide range of long- and middle-distance services, in addition to regional and suburban (''[[cercanías]]'') services operated by [[Renfe Operadora|Renfe]]. Within the municipality, there are others rail stations on the [[Cercanías Asturias]] network, in La Corredoria, Llamaquique, El Caleyo, Olloniego, Santa Eulalia de Manzaneda, Tudela-Veguín, Parque Principado, Colloto, Argañosa-Lavapiés, Las Campas, Las Mazas, San Claudio, Soto-Udrión, Trubia, Fuso de la Reina, and Caces.

===Mining railway===
[[File:Locomotora de vapor nº 4 de Fábrica de Mieres en el Naranco, que llevaba el mineral de hierro desde el Naranco hasta la Estación del Norte de Oviedo, ca. 1895 (Museo del Ferrocarril de Asturias).jpg|thumb|[[Couillet (locomotive builder)|Couillet]] steam locomotive N° 4 of the [[Oviedo-Villapérez mining railway]]]]

The [[Oviedo-Villapérez mining railway]] was [[narrow gauge]] railway. It was just over {{convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}} long and ran from Oviedo to the iron ore mines in the ''Villapérez'' and ''Naranco'' mining areas from 1880 to 1916.

===Tramway===
From 1922 to 1956, there was a tramway system in Oviedo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavozdeasturias.es/noticia/oviedo/2019/04/11/oviedo-tenia-tranvia/00031554965731717399486.htm|publisher=[[La Voz de Asturias]]|title=Cuando Oviedo tenía tranvía|date=13 April 2019|access-date=2020-05-18|archive-date=19 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819111554/https://www.lavozdeasturias.es/noticia/oviedo/2019/04/11/oviedo-tenia-tranvia/00031554965731717399486.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Notable people==
[[File:Ceremonia de entrega de los Premios Príncipe de Asturias 2010.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Princess of Asturias Awards at Campoamor Theatre]]
*[[Letizia Ortiz Rocasolano|HM Queen Letizia of Spain]] the consort of the Spanish King [[Felipe VI]].
*[[Leopoldo Alas y Ureña|Leopoldo Alas ''Clarín'']], 19th century novelist and literary critic.
*[[Fernando Alonso]], racing driver, winner of the [[Formula One]] [[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|World Drivers' Championship]] in {{f1|2005}} and {{f1|2006}} and the [[24 Hours of Le Mans]] in 2018 and 2019.
*[[Galo Blanco]], professional tennis player and coach
*[[Quini|Enrique Castro ''Quini'']], retired footballer. He was widely regarded as one of the country's best strikers.
*[[Sabino Fernández Campo, 1st Count of Latores|Sabino Fernández-Campo]], chief of the [[Spanish royal family|Spanish Royal House]] between 1990 and 1993. Count of Latores and [[Grandee of Spain]] 
*[[Carmen Domínguez]] (born 1969), glaciologist
*[[Antonio Gamoneda]] winner of the 2006 [[Cervantes Prize]].
*[[Ángel González Muñiz|Ángel González]], poet.
*[[Sid Lowe]], well known international football journalist predominantly known for his contributions to [[The Guardian]], studied in the University of Oviedo.
*[[Juan Mata]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] footballer. [[2010 FIFA World Cup|World]] and [[UEFA Euro 2012|European champion]] along with [[2011–12 UEFA Champions League|2012 UEFA Champions League]] winner with [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]
*[[Melendi]], popular singer.
*[[Michu]], former [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] footballer.
*[[Ramón Pérez de Ayala]], writer.
*[[Carmen Polo]], wife of Spain's dictator [[Francisco Franco]].
*[[Indalecio Prieto]], socialist politician. One of the leaders of the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] up to the end of the Civil War and the posterior exile.
*[[Ángela Salvadores]], basketball player
*[[Samuel Sánchez]], cyclist. 2008 Olympic Road Race Champion.
*[[Jorge Suárez Carbajal]], Asturian piper
*[[Tioda]], 9th-century architect who designed several of the city pre-romanesque buildings.
*[[Tino Casal]], singer, songwriter and producer in the town of Tudela Veguín, in the municipality of Oviedo.
*[[El Sueño de Morfeo]], musical group
*[[:es:Noemí Pinilla-Alonso|Noemí Pinilla-Alonso]], planetary scientist, astrophysicist.

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain}}
[[File:Ayuntamiento-de-oviedo.jpg|thumb|200px|Oviedo's City Hall]]
[[File:Oviedo-ayuntamiento4.jpg|right|thumb|upright|"Estatua del León" (probably 17th century) outside at City Hall.]]

===Twin towns — sister cities===
Oviedo is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref name=CH>{{cite web |url=http://www.oviedo.es/la-ciudad/ciudades-hermanadas |title=Ciudades Hermanadas |publisher=Excelentísimo Ayuntamiento de Oviedo |language=es |location=Oviedo, Spain |access-date=2015-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715163313/http://www.oviedo.es/la-ciudad/ciudades-hermanadas |archive-date=2015-07-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Oviedo, Florida]] (U.S.) since 1877<ref name=CH/>
*{{flagicon|CHI}} [[Valparaíso]], [[Chile]], since 1976<ref name=CH/>
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Bochum]], [[Germany]], since 1979<ref name=CH/>
*{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]], since 1983<ref name=CH/>
*{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Veracruz, Veracruz|Veracruz]], [[Mexico]], since 1983<ref name=CH/>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Clermont-Ferrand]], [[France]], since 1988<ref name=CH/><ref name="Clermont-Ferrand twinnings">{{cite web| url = http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-region.asp?action=getRegion&id=3#tabs3| title = National Commission for Decentralised cooperation| access-date = 2013-12-26| work = Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères)| language = fr| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://archive.today/20131004135322/http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-region.asp?action=getRegion&id=3#tabs3| archive-date = 2013-10-04}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Tampa]], [[Florida]] (U.S.) since 1991<ref name=CH/><ref name="Tampa twinnings">{{cite web |url=http://www.tampagov.net/information_resources/miscellaneous_documents/archives/_sister_cities.asp |title=Tampa Sister Cities from City of Tampa website |publisher=Tampagov.net |access-date=2011-04-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018172325/http://www.tampagov.net/information_resources/miscellaneous_documents/archives/_sister_cities.asp |archive-date=2007-10-18 }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Santiago de Compostela]], Spain, since 1993<ref name=CH/>
*{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Santa Clara, Cuba|Santa Clara]], [[Cuba]], since 1995<ref name=CH/>
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Jersey City]], [[New Jersey]] (U.S.), since 1998<ref name=CH/>
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Holon]], [[Israel]], since 1999<ref name=CH/>
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Zamora, Spain|Zamora]], Spain, since 9 October 2001<ref name=CH/>
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Torrevieja]], Spain, since 2 January 2004<ref name=CH/>
*{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Hangzhou]], [[China]], since 2006<ref name=CH/>
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Valencia de Don Juan]], Spain, since 2006<ref name=CH/>
*{{flagicon|POR}} [[Viseu]], [[Portugal]], since 10 April 2007<ref name=CH/>
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Maranello]], [[Italy]], since 28 April 2010<ref name=CH/>
{{div col end}}
{{clear}}

==See also==
*[[Iglesia de Santa María (Oviedo)]]
* [[List of municipalities in Asturias]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Bibliography==
{{See also|Timeline of Oviedo#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Oviedo}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Oviedo|Oviedo}}
{{wikivoyage|Oviedo (Spain)}}
*{{in lang|en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070218023937/http://www.visitasturias.co.uk/ Asturias Cities]
*{{in lang|es}} [http://www.ayto-oviedo.es/ Municipality of Oviedo]
*{{in lang|en}} [http://www.ayto-oviedo.es/en/tourism/tourism.php Municipality of Oviedo and touristic informations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531110055/http://www.ayto-oviedo.es/en/tourism/tourism.php |date=31 May 2009 }}
*{{in lang|es}} [http://www.uniovi.es/ University of Oviedo]
*{{in lang|en}} [http://hitchhikershandbook.com/country-guides/spain-2/oviedo/ Oviedo city guide] at [http://www.hitchhikershandbook.com HitchHikers Handbook]
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[[Category:Oviedo| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities in Asturias]]
[[Category:Parishes in Oviedo|*]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 8th century]]
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