View source for Oxycodone/aspirin

{{Short description|Combination drug}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2022}}
<!-- These were four of the same picture of a ten milligram cyclobenzaprine pill, not 40mg/400mg oxycodone/aspirin pills -->
{{Drugbox

<!--Combo data-->
 | type = combo
 | component1 = Oxycodone
 | class1 = [[Opioid|Opioid analgesic]]
 | component2 = Aspirin
 | class2 = [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug]]

<!--Clinical data-->
 | tradename = Percodan
 | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|parent|percodan}}
 | MedlinePlus = 
 | licence_EU = <!-- EMEA requires brand name -->
 | licence_US = Percodan
 | pregnancy_US = D 
 | legal_US = Schedule II
 | legal_status = 
 | dependency_liability = 
 | routes_of_administration = [[Mouth|Oral]]

<!--Identifiers-->
 | CAS_number = 64336-56-7
 | ATC_prefix = N02
 | ATC_suffix = AJ18
 | ATC_supplemental = 
 | PubChem = 
 | DrugBank = 
 | ChemSpiderID = 
 | KEGG = D11176

<!--Chemical data-->
}}

'''Oxycodone/aspirin''' (trade name '''Percodan''') is a combination drug marketed by [[Endo Pharmaceuticals]]. It is a tablet containing a mixture of 325&nbsp;mg  (5 [[Grain (unit)|grains]]) of [[aspirin]] and 4.8355&nbsp;mg of [[oxycodone|oxycodone HCl]] (equivalent to 4.3346&nbsp;mg of oxycodone as the free base); it is an opioid/non-opioid combination used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.endo.com/File%20Library/Products/Prescribing%20Information/percodan_pack_insert.pdf |title=Percodan Package Insert |date=July 2010 |publisher=Endo Pharmaceuticals |access-date=4 December 2012 |archive-date=14 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514014028/http://www.endo.com/File%20Library/Products/Prescribing%20Information/percodan_pack_insert.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The safety of the combination during pregnancy has not been established, although aspirin is generally contraindicated during pregnancy, and the drug has been placed in [[Pregnancy category|pregnancy category D]].<ref name=DailyMed>{{cite web |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/fdaDrugInfo.cfm?archiveid=10380 |title=PERCODAN - oxycodone hydrochloride and aspirin tablet |date=April 2009 |work=[[Daily Med|DailyMed]] |publisher=[[United States National Library of Medicine]] |access-date=10 January 2011}}</ref> Inactive ingredients include [[Quinoline Yellow WS|D&C Yellow 10]], [[FD&C Yellow 6]], [[microcrystalline cellulose]], and [[corn starch]].<ref name=DailyMed/> Percodan was first [[marketed]] by [[DuPont]] Pharmaceuticals and prescribed in the [[United States]] in 1950.  Once a widely prescribed painkiller, it has largely been replaced by alternative oxycodone compounds containing [[paracetamol]] (acetaminophen) instead of [[aspirin]], such as [[Percocet]].

== Adverse effects ==
{{See also|Aspirin#Adverse effects|Oxycodone#Adverse effects}}

==Pharmacology==
The [[oxycodone]] component in the combination is technically 14-hydroxy-7,8-dihydrocodein-6-one, a [[white]] [[odorless]], [[crystalline]] [[Powder (substance)|powder]] which is [[Chemical synthesis|synthesized]] from the [[opium]] [[alkaloid]] [[thebaine]]. Thebaine by itself has no therapeutic [[Value theory|value]]. Oxycodone is [[metabolized]] into [[oxymorphone]]. Unlike [[morphine]] and like [[codeine]], oxycodone has a good oral [[potency (pharmacology)|potency]]. Prior to the introduction of paracetamol, Percodan was the mainstay in post-operative oral pain treatment due to the potency and long [[half-life]] of oxycodone. It originally contained a small amount of [[caffeine]].

==Reformulation==

Percodan was reformulated in 2005; prior to 2005, it contained two oxycodone [[salts]]—4.62&nbsp;mg of oxycodone hydrochloride and 0.38&nbsp;mg of oxycodone terephthalate.  Since the latter salt is unusual in the [[pharmacopeia]], the manufacturer increased the amount of oxycodone hydrochloride to 4.8355&nbsp;mg and discontinued the oxycodone terephthalate.

==History==
Percodan was patented in 1953 by Mozes J. Lewenstein.<ref>[US Patent 2,646,385](https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/1e/54/42/699211b6c2a858/US2646385.pdf)</ref>

==Miscellaneous==
The combination oxycodone/aspirin is also sold under the brand name '''Endodan'''. All products containing oxycodone (including Percodan, Percocet, OxyContin) have the potential to be habit-forming. Oxycodone can produce [[drug abuse|drug]] [[Chemical dependency|dependence]] of the morphine type and, therefore, has the potential for being addictive.

“Percodan” is mentioned in a 1990 version of the song, [[Pennyroyal Tea]] by [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]]. It is implies the painkiller is being used to combat pain caused by “bad posture”. However, this line was not included in the final 1993 version recorded on the [[In Utero]] album.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Live Nirvana {{!}} LiveNIRVANA.com Song Guide |url=https://www.livenirvana.com/songguide/ |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=www.livenirvana.com}}</ref> The band’s lead singer, [[Kurt Cobain]], also admitted that he had taken the medication on recreational basis too.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azerrad |first=Michael |title=Come As You Are |date=1993 |isbn=978-0385471992}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Morphine/naltrexone|Embeda]]
* [[Fentanyl/fluanisone|Hypnorm]]
* [[Oxycodone/paracetamol|Percocet]]
* [[Oxycodone/naloxone|Targin]]
* [[Hydrocodone/paracetamol|Vicodin]]
* [[Hydrocodone/ibuprofen|Vicoprofen]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.endo.com/PDF/percodan_pack_insert.pdf Percodan Prescribing Information from Endo Pharmaceuticals.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031006212433/http://www.endo.com/PDF/percodan_pack_insert.pdf |date=2003-10-06 }}
* [https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/ Search "Percodan" in FDA Archives; shows approval in 1950.]

{{Analgesics}}
{{Opioidergics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oxycodone aspirin}}
[[Category:DuPont]]
[[Category:Combination analgesics]]

[[es:Percodan]]