View source for Pączki

{{Short description|Polish filled pastry}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox food
| name = Pączki
| image = Polskie_pączki.jpg
| caption = Glazed {{lang|pl|pączki}}
| alternate_name = ''kreple'', ''pùrcle''
| country = [[Poland]]
| region = {{plainlist|
*[[Central Europe]]
*[[North America]]
}}
| creator = 
| course = 
| type = [[Doughnut]]
| served = 
| main_ingredient = [[Yeast]]-based [[dough]], [[grain alcohol]], [[confiture]] or other sweet filling, [[powdered sugar]], [[Icing (food)|icing]], [[glaze (cooking technique)|glaze]], or bits of dried orange [[Zest (ingredient)|zest]]
| variations = 
| calories = 
| other = 
| commons = Pączek
}}

'''{{lang|pl|Pączki}}''' ({{IPA|pl|ˈpɔ̃t͡ʂkʲi|lang|Pl-pączki.ogg}}; {{singular}}: {{lang|pl|pączek}}, {{IPA|pl|ˈpɔ̃t͡ʂɛk|lang}}; {{langx|csb|pùrcle}} {{IPA|csb|ˈpwʉrt͡slɛ|lang}}; [[Old Polish]] and {{langx|szl|kreple}} {{IPA|szl|ˈkrɛplɛ|lang}}) are filled [[doughnut]]s found in [[Polish cuisine]].

==Description==
A ''pączek'' is a [[Deep frying|deep-fried]] piece of [[dough]] shaped into a flattened ball and filled with [[confiture]] or other sweet filling. ''Pączki'' are usually covered with [[powdered sugar]], [[Icing (food)|icing]], [[glaze (cooking technique)|glaze]], or bits of dried [[orange (fruit)|orange]] [[Zest (ingredient)|zest]]. A small amount of [[grain alcohol]] (traditionally [[rectified spirit]]) is added to the dough before cooking; as it evaporates, it prevents the absorption of oil deep into the dough.<ref name="strybel">{{cite book |last1= Strybel |first1= Robert |last2= Strybel |first2= Maria |name-list-style= amp |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=UtA6-pyGJmMC&q=p%C4%85czki+traditional+rose&pg=PA670 |title= Polish Heritage Cookery |publisher= Hippocrene |year= 2005 |page= 270|isbn= 9780781811248 }}</ref> ''Pączki'' are commonly thought of as fluffy but somewhat collapsed, with a bright stripe around them; these features are seen as evidence that the dough was fried in fresh oil.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://tipy.interia.pl/artykul_15447,skad-wzial-sie-tlusty-czwartek.html | title = ''Skąd wziął się Tłusty Czwartek? Skąd wziął się Tłusty Czwartek?'' | author = Karolinas | work = Tipy.pl | publisher = [[Interia.pl|Grupa Interia.pl]] | access-date = 2016-02-03 | language=pl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://interia360.pl/artykul/tlusty-czwartek,18521 | title = ''Tłusty Czwartek'' | author = Anna Hudyka |editor = Magda Głowala-Habel | date = 2009-02-18 | work = Interia360.pl | publisher = [[Interia.pl|Grupa Interia.pl]] | access-date = 2016-02-03| language=pl}}</ref>

Although they look like German [[Berliner (doughnut)|berliners]] ([[Berliner (doughnut)#Names|bismarck]]s in North America) or [[jelly doughnut]]s, ''pączki'' are made from especially [[rich dough]] containing [[eggs as food|eggs]], [[Cooking fat|fats]], [[sugar]], [[yeast]], and sometimes [[milk]]. They feature a variety of fruit and creme fillings and can be glazed, or covered with [[granulated sugar|granulated]] or [[powdered sugar]]. ''[[Powidła]]'' (stewed [[plum]] [[jam]]) and [[Rosa canina|wild rose]] petal jam<ref name="strybel" /><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.catholic.org/hf/home/story.php?id=18850 |title= Pączki? Hard to say, culinary Lenten treat made by nuns |agency= [[Catholic News Service]] |access-date= November 23, 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140228051030/http://www.catholic.org/hf/home/story.php?id=18850 |archive-date= February 28, 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref> are traditional fillings, but many others are used as well, including [[strawberry]], [[Bavarian cream]], [[blueberry]], [[custard]], [[raspberry]], and [[apple]].<ref name="hamtramck">{{cite web |title=Pazcki day- eat and celebrate |url=http://www.hamtramck.us/events/pages/paczki.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315214103/http://www.hamtramck.us/events/pages/paczki.php |archive-date=March 15, 2008 |publisher=City of Hamtramck |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{lang|pl|Pączki}} have been known in [[Poland]] at least since the [[Middle Ages]]. [[Jędrzej Kitowicz]] wrote that during the reign of [[Augustus III]], under the influence of French cooks who came to Poland, ''pączki'' dough was improved so that ''pączki'' became lighter, spongier, and more resilient.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}

<gallery class="center" widths="170" heights="150">
File:Paczki - stos.JPG|''Pączki'' displayed for sale
File:00409 paczki z serem, sanok.jpg|Traditional ''pączki serowe'' (curd-based ''pączki'') or ''oponki''
File:HomePaczki.jpg|Home-made glazed pączki
File:Paczki.jpg|American-made ''pączki''
</gallery>

==Etymology, spelling, and pronunciation==
The Polish word {{lang|pl|pączek}} {{IPA|pl|ˈpɔ̃t͡ʂɛk|}} (plural: {{lang|pl|pączki}} {{IPA|pl|ˈpɔ̃t͡ʂkʲi|}}) is a diminutive of the Polish word {{lang|pl|pąk}} {{IPA|pl|ˈpɔŋk|}} "[[bud]]".{{sfn|Żmigrodzki|loc=[http://wsjp.pl/do_druku.php?id_hasla=12011 "pączek"]}} The latter derives from [[Proto-Slavic]] {{lang|sla-x-proto|[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pǫkъ|pǫkъ]]|italic=yes}}, which may have referred to anything that is round, bulging and about to burst (compare Proto-Slavic {{lang|sla-x-proto|[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pǫknǫti|pǫknǫti]]|italic=yes}} "to swell, burst"), possibly of ultimately onomatopoeic origin.{{sfnp|Bralczyk|2014|p=127}}{{sfnp|Derksen|2008|pp=416–417}} From Polish the word has been borrowed into several other Slavic languages, where the respective loanwords ({{Transliteration|ru|ponchik}},{{efn|{{langx|ru|пончик}}.}} {{Transliteration|uk|ponchyk}}{{efn|{{langx|uk|пончик}}, {{langx|be|пончык}}.}} or {{Transliteration|bg|ponichka}}{{efn|{{langx|bg|поничка}}.}}) refer to a similar ball-shaped pastry.{{sfnp|Ushakov|1940|loc=[https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/958698 пончик]}}{{sfnp|Boldyrev|2003|p=514}}{{sfnp|Georgiev|1999|p=517}}

English speakers typically use the plural form of the Polish word in both singular and plural. They pronounce it as {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ʊ|n|tʃ|k|i|,_|ˈ|p|ʊ|n|ʃ|-|,_|ˈ|p|ʌ|n|tʃ|-|,_|ˈ|p|ɒ|n|tʃ|-}}{{efn|Respelling: {{respell|PUUNCH|kee|,_|PUUNSH|-|,_|PUNCH|-|,_|PONCH|-}}.}} and often write it as "paczki", i.e., without the [[ogonek]] (hook-shaped diacritic).{{sfn|Dictionary.com|loc=[http://www.dictionary.com/browse/paczki paczki]}}{{sfn|American Heritage Dictionary|loc=[https://www.thefreedictionary.com/paczki paczki]}}{{sfn|Barber|2004|loc=[http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195418163.001.0001/m_en_ca0050049?result=50041 paczki]}}{{sfnp|Edge|2006|loc=chapter 7}} This should not be confused with the unrelated Polish word {{lang|pl|paczki}} {{IPA|pl|ˈpat͡ʂkʲi|}}, which is the plural form of {{lang|pl|paczka}} {{IPA|pl|ˈpat͡ʂka|}}, meaning "package" or "parcel".{{sfn|Żmigrodzki|loc=[http://wsjp.pl/do_druku.php?id_hasla=15665 "paczka"]}}

==Pączki Day==
<!-- "FAT THURSDAY" is not a typo; please do not change. It's Fat Thursday in Poland, and Fat Tuesday among the Polish diaspora in America. -->
{| class="wikitable" style="border:none;"
|+ Fat Thursday versus Fat Tuesday
|-
| width=14% style="background:LightGoldenrodYellow; color:crimson" | Sunday
| width=14% style="background:LightGoldenrodYellow"                | Monday
| width=14% style="background:LightGoldenrodYellow"                | Tuesday 
| width=14% style="background:LightGoldenrodYellow"                | Wednesday 
| width=14% style="background:LightGoldenrodYellow"                | {{flagicon|Poland}} '''[[Fat Thursday]]'''<br />(''Tłusty Czwartek'') 
| width=14% style="background:LightGoldenrodYellow"                | Friday 
| width=14% style="background:LightGoldenrodYellow"                | Saturday 
|-
| style="background:LightGoldenrodYellow; color:crimson"           | {{font color|crimson|Sunday}}
| style="background:LightGoldenrodYellow"                          | Monday 
| style="background:LightGoldenrodYellow"                          | {{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Fat Tuesday]]'''<br />(Pączki Day) 
| style="background:lavender"                                      | '''[[Ash Wednesday]]''' 
| style="background:lavender"                                      | Thursday 
| style="background:lavender"                                      | Friday 
| style="background:lavender"                                      | Saturday 
|- 
| colspan=7 align=center style="background:white; border:none;" |
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| width=50% align=center style="background:LightGoldenrodYellow" | [[Carnival]]
| align=center style="background:lavender"                       | [[Lent]]
|}
|}

In Poland, {{lang|pl|pączki}} are eaten especially on [[Fat Thursday]] ({{lang|pl|Tłusty Czwartek}}), the last Thursday prior to [[Ash Wednesday]] and the beginning of [[Lent]].<ref name="Ogrodowska1996">{{cite book|author=Barbara Ogrodowska|title=Święta polskie: tradycja i obyczaj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pFIkAQAAIAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Alfa|page=124|isbn=9788370019488|language=pl}}</ref> The traditional reason for making ''pączki'' was to use up all the [[lard]], [[sugar]], eggs and [[fruit]] in the house, because their consumption was forbidden by [[Religious fasting#Christianity|Christian fasting practices]] during the season of Lent.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brinn |first1=Janis |title=Pączki Day: A Polish tradition becomes an American tradition |url=https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/pczki_day_a_polish_tradition_becomes_an_american_tradition |website=4-H Global & Cultural Education |publisher=Michigan State University |access-date=24 June 2025 |ref=msu |language=en-us |date=9 February 2023}}</ref>

In North America, particularly the large [[Polish diaspora|Polish communities]] of [[Chicago]], [[Detroit]], [[Milwaukee]], and other large cities across the Midwest and Northeast, Paczki Day is celebrated annually by immigrants and locals alike. The date of this observance merges with that of pre-Lenten traditions of other immigrants (''e.g.'', [[Pancake Day]], ''Mardi Gras'') on [[Fat Tuesday]]. With its sizable Polish population, Chicago celebrates the festival on both Fat Thursday and Fat Tuesday.<ref name="Chicago Tribune days">{{Cite news |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/dining/ct-paczki-2017-restaurant-bakeries-chicago-20170222-story.html |title=Paczki day specials from 33 Chicago restaurants and bakeries |last=Lukach |first=Adam |date=23 February 2017 |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |access-date=26 February 2017 |quote=Whether you celebrate Paczki day on Fat Thursday or Fat Tuesday, or both, area bakeries are ready with thousands of the filled treats.}}</ref> ''Pączki'' are also often eaten on [[Casimir Pulaski Day]]. In [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]], [[Cleveland]], [[Detroit]], [[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]], [[St. Louis]], [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]], [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]], and [[Windsor, Ontario|Windsor]], Pączki Day is celebrated on Fat Tuesday.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}

The Pączki Day celebrations in some areas are even larger than many celebrations for [[St. Patrick's Day]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} In [[Hamtramck, Michigan]], an enclave of [[Detroit]], there is an annual Pączki Day ([[Shrove Tuesday]]) Parade,<ref name="hamtramck" /> which has gained a devoted following. Throughout the [[Metro Detroit]] area, it is so widespread that many bakeries attract lines of customers for ''pączki'' on Pączki Day.<ref>{{cite news |title= Fat Tuesday Can Be Paczki Pandemonium |url= http://detroit.cbslocal.com/2012/02/21/fat-tuesday-can-be-paczki-pandemonium/ |location= Southfield, MI |publisher= [[WWJ-TV]] |access-date=21 February 2012}}</ref> In suburban Cleveland, Eastern European bakery Rudy's Strudel hosts a large indoor and outdoor Paczki Day party in conjunction with neighboring record store, The Current Year. It is called "the Mardi Gras of the Midwest".<ref>{{cite news |title= Rudy's Strudel announces 2022 Paczki Day details|url= https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2022/02/rudys-strudel-announces-2022-paczki-day-details.html |location= Cleveland, OH |publisher= [[Cleveland.com]] |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref>

In some areas, Pączki Day is celebrated with ''pączki''-eating contests.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}

==United States==
{{More citations needed|date=February 2018}}
These pastries have become popular in the United States as a result of [[Polish diaspora|Polish immigrants]] and marketing by the bakery industry. Sold in bakeries mainly on both [[Fat Tuesday]] and [[Fat Thursday]] throughout Detroit and Chicago, they are particularly popular in areas where there is a large concentration of Polish immigrants: [[Milwaukee]], Northcentral and Southeastern [[Wisconsin]], [[Chicago]], [[Northern Illinois]], [[Northwest Indiana]], [[Metro Detroit]], [[Grand Rapids metropolitan area|Greater Grand Rapids]], [[Mid Michigan]], Greater [[Buffalo, New York]], Greater [[Rochester, New York]], [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]], Greater [[Cincinnati]], Greater [[Cleveland]], [[Youngstown]], [[Philadelphia]], [[Pittsburgh]], [[Wyoming Valley|Scranton/Wilkes-Barre]], Northern and Central [[New Jersey]], Central Connecticut, and [[Western Massachusetts]].

==See also==
{{portal|Food|Poland}}
* [[List of doughnut varieties]]
* [[List of Polish desserts]]

== Explanatory notes==
{{Notelist|2}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==  General and cited sources ==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite web
|title          = American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
|url            = https://www.thefreedictionary.com
|access-date    = 2018-02-02 
|ref            = {{harvid|American Heritage Dictionary}}
}}
* {{cite book
| editor-last1  = Bańkowski
| editor-first1 = Andrzej
| year          = 2000
| title         = Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego
| trans-title   = Polish etymological dictionary
| language      = pl
| publisher     = Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN
| volume        = 1
}}
* {{cite book
| editor-last   = Barber 
| editor-first  = Katherine 
| editor-link   = Katherine Barber
| title         = The Canadian Oxford Dictionary
| edition       = 2nd 
| publisher     = Oxford University Press
| year          = 2004
| url           = http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195418163.001.0001/acref-9780195418163
| access-date   = 2016-12-23
| url-access    = subscription
| doi           = 10.1093/acref/9780195418163.001.0001
| isbn          = 978-0-19-541816-3
}}
* {{cite book
| editor-last1  = Bizzarri
| editor-first1 = Amy
| year          = 2016
| title         = Iconic Chicago Dishes, Drinks and Desserts
| publisher     = American Palata
| location      = Charleston, SC
| isbn          = 978-1-46713-551-1
| url           = https://books.google.com/books?id=OANLDQAAQBAJ
}}
* {{cite book
| last          = Boldyrev
| first         = R. V.
| editor-last   = Melnichuk
| editor-first  = O. S.
| title         = Etimologichnyi slovnyk ukrayinskoi movi
| trans-title   = Etymological Dictionary of Ukrainian Language
| script-title  = uk:Етимологічний словник української мови
| location      = Kyiv
| publisher     = Naukova dumka
| volume        = 4
| url           = https://ukraineclub.net/etymologichnyii-slovnyk-ukraiinskoii-movy
| language=uk
| year          = 2003
| isbn          = 966-00-0590-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last1         = Bralczyk
| first1        = Jerzy
| year          = 2014
| title         = Jeść!!!
| trans-title   = Let me eat!
| publisher     = BOSZ
| language      = pl
| isbn          = 978-83-7576-218-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last1         = Czerniecki
| first1        = Stanisław
| author-link   = Stanisław Czerniecki
| year          = 1682
| title         = Compendium ferculorum, albo Zebranie potraw
| trans-title   = A Collection of Dishes
| url           = http://polona.pl/item/3490233/82/
| language      = pl
| location      = Kraków
| publisher     = Drukarnia Jerzego i Mikołaja Schedlów
}}
* {{cite web
| title         = Dictionary.com Unabridged
| url           = http://dictionary.reference.com/
| access-date   = 2018-02-02
| publisher     = Random House
| ref           = {{harvid|Dictionary.com}} }}
* {{cite web
| editor-last1  = Doroszewski
| editor-first1 = Witold
| title         = Słownik Języka Polskiego
| trans-title   = Polish Dictionary
| year          = 1969
| publisher     = Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe
| location      = Warszawa
| language      = pl
| url           = http://doroszewski.pwn.pl
}}
* {{cite book
| editor-last1  = Dumanowski
| editor-first1 = Jarosław
| editor-last2  = Jankowski
| editor-first2 = Rafał
| year          = 2011
| title         = Moda bardzo dobra smażenia różnych konfektów
| trans-title   = A Very Good Way of Frying Various Confections
| series        = Monumenta Poloniae Culinaria
| volume        = 2
| language      = pl
| location      = Warszawa
| publisher     = Muzeum Pałac w Wilanowie
| isbn          = 978-83-60959-18-3
}}
* {{cite web
| last1         = Dumanowski
| first1        = Jarosław
| year          = 2016
| url           = http://dumanowski.natemat.pl/170295,paczki-z-przeszlosci-czyli-tlusty-czwartek-historycznie
| title         = Pączki z przeszłości, czyli tłusty czwartek historycznie
| trans-title   = Pączki of the past, or Fat Thursday in history
| website       = naTemat.pl
| access-date   = 2018-02-06
}}
* {{cite book
| editor-last1  = Edge
| editor-first1 = John T.
| year          = 2006
| title         = Donuts: An American Passion
| publisher     = G.P. Putnam's Sons
| location      = New York
| isbn          = 978-1-440-62864-1
| url           = https://books.google.com/books?id=qP1TmIfv3_oC
}}
* {{cite book
| last          = Georgiev
| first         = Vladimir Ivanov
| title         = Blgarski etimologichen rechnik
| trans-title   = Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary
| script-title  = bg:Български етимологичен речник
| year          = 1999
| publisher     = Marin Drinov
| language      = bg
| volume        = 1
| isbn          = 978-95-4430-315-0
| url           = https://books.google.com/books?id=PpZiAAAAMAAJ
}}
* {{cite book
| last1         = Kitowicz
| first1        = Jędrzej
| year          = 1840
| title         = Opis obyczajów i zwyczajów za panowania Augusta III
|trans-title=Description of customs and habits under Augustus III
| publisher     = Edward Raczyński
| location      = Poznań
| language      = pl
}}
* {{cite book
| last          = Kuroń
| first         = Maciej
| author-link   = Maciej Kuroń
| title         = Kuchnia polska: Kuchnia Rzeczypospolitej wielu narodów
| trans-title   = Polish Cuisine: Cuisine of a Commonwealth of Many Nations
| year          = 2004
| publisher     = Czarna Owca
| language      = pl
| isbn          = 83-89763-25-7
}}
* {{cite book
| last1         = Lemnis
| first1        = Maria
| author1-link  = Tadeusz Żakiej
| last2         = Vitry
| first2        = Henryk
| author2-link  = Tadeusz Żakiej
| year          = 1979
| title         = W staropolskiej kuchni i przy polskim stole
|trans-title=Old Polish Traditions in the Kitchen and at the Table
| publisher     = Interpress
| location      = Warszawa
| language      = pl
}}
* {{cite web
 |title        = Lista produktów tradycyjnych
 |trans-title  = List of traditional products
 |url          = http://www.minrol.gov.pl/Jakosc-zywnosci/Produkty-regionalne-i-tradycyjne/Lista-produktow-tradycyjnych
 |access-date  = 2016-06-15
 |publisher    = Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi
 |language     = pl
 |ref          = {{harvid|Lista produktów tradycyjnych}}
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20180524011143/http://www.minrol.gov.pl/Jakosc-zywnosci/Produkty-regionalne-i-tradycyjne/Lista-produktow-tradycyjnych
 |archive-date = 2018-05-24
 |url-status   = dead
}}
* {{cite book
| last1         = Łozińska
| first1        = Maja
| last2         = Łoziński
| first2        = Jan
| year          = 2013
| title         = Historia polskiego smaku: kuchnia, stół, obyczaje
|trans-title=History of the Polish Taste: Kitchen, Table, Customs
| publisher     = Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN
| location      = Warszawa
| language      = pl
| isbn          = 978-83-7705-269-3
}}
* {{cite book
| last          = Mish
| first         = Frederick C.
| title         = Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
| edition       = 11th
| year          = 2004
}}
* {{cite book
| last1         = Neilson
| first1        = William Allan
| last2         = Knott
| first2        = Thomas A.
| last3         = Carhart
| first3        = Paul W.
| title         = Webster's New International Dictionary
| edition       = 2nd 
| year          = 1947
| orig-year      = 1934
}}
* {{cite book
| last1         = Strybel
| first1        = Robert
| last2         = Strybel
| first2        = Maria
| title         = Polish Heritage Cookery
| url           = https://books.google.com/books?id=UtA6-pyGJmMC
| orig-year      = 1993
| year          = 2005
| publisher     = Hippocrene Books
| location      = New York
| isbn          = 0-7818-1124-4
}}
* {{cite book
| last          = Szymula
| first         = Elzbieta
| chapter       = Polish Diet
| pages         = 277–295
| editor1-last  = Thaker
| editor1-first = Aruna
| editor2-last  = Barton
| editor2-first = Arlene
| title         = Multicultural Handbook of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics
| year          = 2012
| publisher     = Wiley-Blackwell
| isbn          = 978-1-4051-7358-2
| chapter-url           = https://books.google.com/books?id=YF1YCg5Ig-EC&pg=PA277
}}
* {{cite book
| last          = Szymanderska
| first         = Hanna
| title         = Kuchnia polska: Potrawy regionalne
|trans-title=Polish Cuisine: Regional Dishes
| year          = 2010
| publisher     = Świat Książki
| location      = Warszawa
| language      = pl
| isbn          = 978-83-7799-631-7
}}
* {{cite web
| last          = Ushakov
| first         = Dmitry Nikolayevich
| author-link    = Dmitry Ushakov
| title         = Tolkovy slovar russkogo yazyka
| trans-title   = Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language
| script-title  = ru:Толковый словарь русского языка
| location      = Moskva
| publisher     = Sovetskaya entsiklopediya
| website       = Akademik
| url           = https://dic.academic.ru/contents.nsf/ushakov/
| language=ru
| year          = 1940
}}
* {{cite web
| editor-last1  = Żmigrodzki
| editor-first1 = Piotr
| title         = Wielki Słownik Języka Polskiego
|trans-title=The Great Polish Dictionary
| publisher     = Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
| language      = pl
| url           = http://www.wsjp.pl/
}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
* [http://www.kitchenchick.com/2008/02/paczki-day-tomo.html Paczki Day PSA], an account of [[Detroit]] area [[Paczki Day]] traditions in 2008
* [http://video.wpt.org/video/1505789401/ Paczkis] Video produced by [[Wisconsin Public Television]]

{{Doughnut}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paczki}}
[[Category:Carnival foods]]
[[Category:Cuisine of Michigan]]
[[Category:Cuisine of the Midwestern United States]]
[[Category:Culture of Buffalo, New York]]
[[Category:Custard desserts]]
[[Category:Foods with jam]]
[[Category:Polish desserts]]
[[Category:Polish doughnuts]]
[[Category:Stuffed desserts]]
[[Category:Ukrainian desserts]]