View source for PMR446

{{Short description|Licence-free radio in Europe and some Asian territories}}
[[File:MOT-TA-288 (cropped).png|thumb|Motorola TA288 PMR446 licence-free radio]]
[[File:Motorola TLKR T40, front.jpg|thumb|upright|Motorola TLKR T40 radio tuned to PMR channel 1]]

'''PMR446''' ([[Professional mobile radio |Private Mobile Radio]], 446&nbsp;[[MHz]]) is a licence-exempt service or [[UHF CB]] in the [[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] [[radio frequency]] band, as [[personal radio service]] or [[citizens band radio]], and is available for business and personal use in most countries throughout the [[European Union]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/85156/ir_2009_analogue_and_digita1.pdf |title=Analogue and Digital PMR446 Information Sheet |publisher=Ofcom |access-date=2013-10-03}}</ref> [[Malaysia]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mcmc.gov.my/en/media/announcements/class-assignment-no-1-of-2022 |title=Class Assignment No. 1 of 2022 |publisher=MCMC}}</ref> [[Singapore]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/imda/files/regulation-licensing-and-consultations/ict-standards/telecommunication-standards/radio-comms/imda_ts_lmr.pdf |title=Telecommunications Standards Advisory Committee (TSAC): Technical Specification: Land Mobile Radio Equipment |publisher=IMDA}}</ref> [[Norway]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frekvensplan |url=https://frekvens.nkom.no/#/main |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=frekvens.nkom.no}}</ref> and the [[United Arab Emirates]].

PMR446 is typically used for small-site, same-building and line of sight outdoor activities. Equipment use ranges from consumer-grade to professional quality [[walkie-talkie]]s (similar to those used for [[Family Radio Service|FRS]]/[[General Mobile Radio Service|GMRS]] in the United States and Canada). Depending on surrounding terrain range can vary from a few hundred metres (in a city) to a few kilometres (flat countryside) to many kilometres from high ground.

Historically, analogue [[frequency modulation|FM]] is used but a digital voice mode has been available in radios conforming to [[digital private mobile radio]] (dPMR446) and [[digital mobile radio]] (DMR Tier 1) standards designed by [[ETSI]].

Originally 8 channels were available in analogue mode but this has now been increased to 16 channels.
Typically PMR446 is used for both recreational and business use, additionally it has been utilized by [[Amateur radio|amateur-radio]] operators and radio enthusiasts as a license-free experimental band.

==History==
The first steps towards creating licence-free short range radio communications were taken in April 1997 when the [[European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations|European Radio Communications Committee]] decided on a 446&nbsp;MHz frequency band to be used for the new radios. In November 1998, ERC Decision (98)25 allocated frequency band 446.0–446.1&nbsp;MHz  for analogue PMR446; another two decisions established licence exemption for PMR446 equipment and free circulation of the PMR446 equipment. The first country which introduced these frequencies for licence-free use was Ireland on 1 April 1998. The United Kingdom introduced PMR446 service in April 1999; since 2003, it has replaced the former short-range business radio (SRBR) service.

In October 2005, ECC Decision (05)02 added unlicensed band 446.1–446.2&nbsp;MHz for use by digital DMR/dPMR equipment.

In July 2015, ECC Decision (15)05 doubled the number of analog channels to 16 by extending analog operation onto the 446.1–446.2&nbsp;MHz band previously used by digital DMR/dPMR equipment, effective January 2016; from January 2018, the number of digital channels was doubled by extending onto the 446.0–446.1&nbsp;MHz band used by analog FM.

==Range==
Until recently, PMR446 radios were handheld [[transceiver]]s with fixed antennas (see [[#Technical information|Technical information]]). In November 2015, [[Midland Radio]] announced the release of the GB1 mobile PMR446 radio for vehicular use.<ref name=stw>[http://simonthewizard.com/2015/11/26/world-first-pmr-446-mobile-attached-antenna/ World First Midland GB1 PMR 446 Mobile Attached Antenna]</ref><ref name="rt1">[http://www.radiotronics.co.uk/midland-gb1 Midland GB1 First Look Midland GB1 Mobile PMR446 - Manual Download Includes Specs]</ref><ref name="sw2">[http://simonthewizard.com/2015/12/02/midland-gb1-first-look/ Midland GB1 First Look *Updated With English Manual*]</ref>

The range of PMR446, just like any VHF or UHF radio, is dependent on many factors like environment (in-city range is far less than in an open field), height above surrounding obstructions,  and, to a lesser extent, weather conditions. The antenna type and location, transmit power and receive sensitivity also affect range. However, with PMR446 most of these variables are fixed at manufacturing to comply with the PMR446 specifications. Most of the time the maximum range that a user in a city can expect is a few hundred metres or less.

Range may be many kilometres, for example between hilltops, or only a few hundred metres, if for example a hill or large metal object is in the transmission path between radios. The best known long-distance record is 333&nbsp;mi (536&nbsp;km) from [[Blyth, Northumberland|Blyth]] in the United Kingdom to [[Almere]], Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.delboyenterprises.dsl.pipex.com/446_2003/UK_Amsterdam_DX_Contact.htm | title=Delboy's DX Contact UK to Amsterdam |publisher=Delboy Enterprises |date=5 August 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209180929/http://www.delboyenterprises.dsl.pipex.com/446_2003/UK_Amsterdam_DX_Contact.htm |archive-date=2008-02-09 }}</ref> This was the result of enhanced [[Radio propagation|propagation conditions]], not a [[line-of-sight propagation|line-of-sight]] signal.

==Use worldwide==
PMR446-compliant equipment may be used anywhere throughout Europe,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docdb.cept.org/download/1491 |title=CEPT ECC Decision (15)05 |publisher=cept.org |date=2018-02-03 |access-date=2023-10-03}}</ref> [[Malaysia]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Class-Assignment-No-3-of-2015.pdf |title=Class Assignment No. 3 of 2015 |publisher=MCMC}}</ref> and [[Singapore]].<ref>Wider Choice of Radio-Communication & Wireless Devices for Consumers and Total Annual Savings of $200,000 for Telecom Equipment Dealers: http://www.ida.gov.sg/News%20and%20Events/20050712103130.aspx?getPagetype=20 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228191329/http://www.ida.gov.sg/News%20and%20Events/20050712103130.aspx?getPagetype=20 |date=2012-02-28 }}</ref>

Type approved PMR446 radios with power up to 500&nbsp;mW can be used without any licence in India<ref>{{cite web|url=https://email.gov.in/home/support-sacfa@nic.in/Briefcase/Allfiles/License%20Exemption%20for%20SRD%20Device%20G_S_R_1047(E)%20dated%2018th%20October,%202018.pdf |title=Wireless Planning and Coordination Wing Notification G.S.R. 1047(E) |publisher=The Gazette of India |date=2018-10-18 |access-date=2020-01-03}}</ref> and Vietnam.<ref>[http://www.cuctanso.vn/en-us/legaldocuments/pages/detail.aspx?ItemID=71 Ministry Of Information And Communications, Socialist Republic Of Vietnam. No. 46 /2016/TT-BTTTT, Circular, Regulation on the list of radio devices exempted from frequency license, together with their technical and operational conditions. Annex 2, Authorized Frequency Bands And Emission Level. Annex 18, Technical And Operation Conditions For Low-Power Radio Communication Device].</ref>  The devices may not be base stations or repeaters, and must use integrated antennas only.

PMR446 radios use frequencies that in Australia, the U.S., and Canada are allocated to [[amateur radio]] operators, and military [[radar]] systems.<ref>{{cite web
 |url         = https://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/compendium/0420.00-0450.00_01MAR14.pdf
 |title       = 420-450 MHz
 |date        = March 1, 2014
 |publisher   = [[National Telecommunications and Information Administration]]
 |access-date = July 23, 2019
 |quote       = The band 420-450 MHz is used extensively by the military agencies for land-based, shipborne, and airborne radar systems to perform important national security functions.
}}</ref>

Instead, the U.S., Canada and Mexico use the [[Family Radio Service]] (FRS) system, which provides a similar service on different frequencies, around 462 and 467&nbsp;MHz. These frequencies are allocated to the emergency services in Europe, notably the fire brigade in the UK, police in Russia and commercial users in Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://britishexpats.com/forum/showthread.php?t=301925 |title=Can I bring my FRS / GMRS Radio to Europe - Austria, Germany, Switzerland : British Expat Discussion Forum |publisher=Britishexpats.com |date=2005-05-10 |access-date=2010-11-18}}</ref> Interference with licensed radio services may result in prosecution.

Australia, New Zealand, Vanuatu use the [[UHF CB|UHF Citizen's Band]] system in the 476–477&nbsp;MHz range and a maximum power output of 5&nbsp;W giving improved range over the lower power PMR system.

==Technical information==
PMR446 covers band 446.0–446.2&nbsp;MHz. The general ECC decision<ref>{{cite tech report |url=http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/pdf/ECCDEC1505.PDF |title=ECC Decision (15)05 |collaboration=Electronic Communications Committee |date=3 July 2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819055247/http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/pdf/ECCDEC1505.PDF |archive-date=19 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> however still requires integral antennas and the actual implementation varies between different countries.

=== Analogue FM and digital [[Time division multiple access|TDMA]]===
{{anchor|Analogue FM|Digital TDMA}}
[[File:TK3401 and TK3501D.jpg|thumb|Kenwood TK3301 and TK3501 PMR446 radios]]
'''Analogue PMR446''' uses 16 [[Frequency modulation|FM]] channels separated by 12.5&nbsp;kHz from each other. Maximum power is 500&nbsp;mW ERP and equipment must be used on a mobile basis. [[CTCSS]] is usually used, with more upmarket models also featuring [[Digital-Coded Squelch|DCS]] and/or fixed-carrier [[voice inversion]]. Before January 2016, only the lower 8 channels were allowed for analog FM operation.{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}}

For those older PMR446 radios with 38 codes, the codes 0 to 38 are CTCSS Tones:
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="6" |'''PMR446 CTCSS Privacy Codes'''
|-
|'''Code'''
|'''Tone Hz'''
|'''Code'''
|'''Tone Hz'''
|'''Code'''
|'''Tone Hz'''
|-
|'''0'''
|Off
|'''13'''
|&nbsp; 103.5
|'''26'''
|&nbsp; 162.2
|-
|'''1'''
|&nbsp; &nbsp; 67.0
|'''14'''
|&nbsp; 107.2
|'''27'''
|&nbsp; 167.9
|-
|'''2'''
|&nbsp; &nbsp; 71.9
|'''15'''
|&nbsp; 110.9
|'''28'''
|&nbsp; 173.8
|-
|'''3'''
|&nbsp; &nbsp; 74.4
|'''16'''
|&nbsp; 114.8
|'''29'''
|&nbsp; 179.9
|-
|'''4'''
|&nbsp; &nbsp; 77.0
|'''17'''
|&nbsp; 118.8
|'''30'''
|&nbsp; 186.2
|-
|'''5'''
|&nbsp; &nbsp; 79.7
|'''18'''
|&nbsp; 123.0
|'''31'''
|&nbsp; 192.8
|-
|'''6'''
|&nbsp; &nbsp; 82.5
|'''19'''
|&nbsp; 127.3
|'''32'''
|&nbsp; 203.5
|-
|'''7'''
|&nbsp; &nbsp; 85.4
|'''20'''
|&nbsp; 131.8
|'''33'''
|&nbsp; 210.7
|-
|'''8'''
|&nbsp; &nbsp; 88.5
|'''21'''
|&nbsp; 136.5
|'''34'''
|&nbsp; 218.1
|-
|'''9'''
|&nbsp; &nbsp; 91.5
|'''22'''
|&nbsp; 141.3
|'''35'''
|&nbsp; 225.7
|-
|'''10'''
|&nbsp; &nbsp; 94.8
|'''23'''
|&nbsp; 146.2
|'''36'''
|&nbsp; 233.6
|-
|'''11'''
|&nbsp; &nbsp; 97.4
|'''24'''
|&nbsp; 151.4
|'''37'''
|&nbsp; 241.8
|-
|'''12'''
|&nbsp; 100.0
|'''25'''
|&nbsp; 156.7
|'''38'''
|&nbsp; 250.3
|}


For those newer PMR446 radios with 121 codes, codes 0 to 38 are as above while codes 39 to 121 are DCS codes:
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''DCS'''
!'''Code'''
!'''DCS'''
!'''Code'''
!'''DCS'''
!'''Code'''
!'''DCS'''
|-
|'''39'''
|023
|'''67'''
|174
|'''95'''
|445
|-
|'''40'''
|025
|'''68'''
|205
|'''96'''
|464
|-
|'''41'''
|026
|'''69'''
|223
|'''97'''
|465
|-
|'''42'''
|031
|'''70'''
|226
|'''98'''
|466
|-
|'''43'''
|032
|'''71'''
|243
|'''99'''
|503
|-
|'''44'''
|043
|'''72'''
|244
|'''100'''
|506
|-
|'''45'''
|047
|'''73'''
|245
|'''101'''
|516
|-
|'''46'''
|051
|'''74'''
|251
|'''102'''
|532
|-
|'''47'''
|054
|'''75'''
|261
|'''103'''
|546
|-
|'''48'''
|065
|'''76'''
|263
|'''104'''
|565
|-
|'''49'''
|071
|'''77'''
|265
|'''105'''
|606
|-
|'''50'''
|072
|'''78'''
|271
|'''106'''
|612
|-
|'''51'''
|073
|'''79'''
|306
|'''107'''
|624
|-
|'''52'''
|074
|'''80'''
|311
|'''108'''
|627
|-
|'''53'''
|114
|'''81'''
|315
|'''109'''
|631
|-
|'''54'''
|115
|'''82'''
|331
|'''110'''
|632
|-
|'''55'''
|116
|'''83'''
|343
|'''111'''
|654
|-
|'''56'''
|125
|'''84'''
|346
|'''112'''
|662
|-
|'''57'''
|131
|'''85'''
|351
|'''113'''
|664
|-
|'''58'''
|132
|'''86'''
|364
|'''114'''
|703
|-
|'''59'''
|134
|'''87'''
|365
|'''115'''
|712
|-
|'''60'''
|143
|'''88'''
|371
|'''116'''
|723
|-
|'''61'''
|152
|'''89'''
|411
|'''117'''
|731
|-
|'''62'''
|155
|'''90'''
|412
|'''118'''
|732
|-
|'''63'''
|156
|'''91'''
|413
|'''119'''
|734
|-
|'''64'''
|162
|'''92'''
|423
|'''120'''
|743
|-
|'''65'''
|165
|'''93'''
|431
|'''121'''
|754
|-
|'''66'''
|172
|'''94'''
|432
|
|
|}

'''Digital PMR446''' [[Digital Mobile Radio#DMR Tier I|DMR Tier I]] (TDMA) uses 16 digital voice channels separated by 12.5&nbsp;kHz from each other with 4-level FSK modulation at 3.6&nbsp;kbit/s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.ntlworld.com/tony.ling/radio/begin/frequencies/PMR446/pmr446_freq.htm |title=PMR446 Frequencies - Analogue and Digital |publisher=Homepage.ntlworld.com |access-date=2010-11-18 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528010820/http://homepage.ntlworld.com/tony.ling/radio/begin/frequencies/PMR446/pmr446_freq.htm |archive-date=2008-05-28 }}</ref> Before January 2018, only the higher 8 channels were allowed for digital TDMA operation.

Some Digital PMR446 radios (Hytera BD305LF, Retevis RT40, ...) support Dual Capacity Direct Mode (DCDM), which allows for the use of two timeslots during simplex (radio-to-radio) communication. This effectively doubles the channel capacity by allowing two simultaneous transmissions on one channel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mototrbo Simple Connection & Direct Mode|url=https://www.mototrbo.sk/en/mototrbo-systems/simple-connection-direct-mode-gb|access-date=2021-12-11|website=www.mototrbo.sk}}</ref>

<u>Color Code</u> (0 to 16) is the equivalent of CTCSS for digital. It's used to isolate a population of users (a company, an association, a family, ...).

By convention CC1 is used for public contact.

<u>TalkGroups</u> are used to separate groups of users (ex: TG1 for direction and TG2 for room service in a hotel using channel 12 CC7).

By contacting a specific TG, each user subscribing to this TG will hear you (Group Call).

A user can subscribe to many TGs (RX Group List).

It is also possible to contact all users in your color code (All Call).

<u>Radio ID</u> One for each user, to be contacted directly (Private Call).

{| class="wikitable"
|+Analogue (NFM) and digital TDMA (DMR)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://kenwoodcommunications.co.uk/files/file/comms/uk/pmr446/PMR446-White-Paper-V6_18AUG2016_JT_KB.pdf|title=A guide to the new PMR446 licence-free radio frequencies following ECC Decision (15)05 and what it means to you|date=August 2016|website=Kenwood Communications|access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref>
|-
! Channel !! Frequency (MHz)
!Channel Spacing (kHz)
!Channel Spacing
Known As
! Comments (Channel/CTCSS) {{Not in ref|date=July 2025}}
|-
| 1 || 446.00625
|12.5 
|Narrow [NFM]|| FM: Emergency communication (1/12)
FM: Trucker (1/9)

FM: [[Baby monitor]] (1/0)

FM: Children's channel (1/10)
|-
| 2 || 446.01875
|12.5 
|Narrow [NFM]
| FM: [[Geocaching]]
FM: Camping

FM: Mountain (German-speaking countries)<ref>{{cite web
 |url         = https://www.alpenverein.de/dav-services/panorama-magazin/funk-im-outdooreinsatz_aid_33504.html
 |title       = Funk im Outdooreinsatz
 |publisher   = [[Deutscher Alpenverein]]
 |access-date = 2020-11-13
 |quote       = Es gibt im PMR-Funk einen „Bergsteigerkanal“ der sich etabliert hat (Kanal 2: Bergsteiger- und Geocachingkanal).
}}</ref> 
|-
| 3 || 446.03125
|12.5
|Narrow [NFM]
| FM: [[Prepper]] Channel (3/1), in disasters
FM: Bicycle, Mountain bike

FM: Mountain (Poland) (3/14)
|-
| 4 || 446.04375
|12.5
|Narrow [NFM]
| FM: [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|Drone-Pilot]] Intercom (4/14)
FM: [[4WD]] (4/4)

FM: Boat (4/16)
|-
| 5 || 446.05625
|12.5 
|Narrow [NFM]
| FM: [[Scouts]] (5/5)
|-
| 6 || 446.06875
|12.5
|Narrow [NFM]
| FM: Event Channel <ref name="Bandplan433MHz">{{cite web |title=Bandplan 433 MHz |url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mfMNIHTwauAEW_kc0h99aiN1HLcOm417iSlvETWIztM/edit?usp=sharing |website=docs.google.com |access-date=29 July 2022 |language=de}}</ref>
FM: [[Hunting|Hunters]] (6/12)

FM: Fisherman

FM: Inland [[sailing]] (Poland) (6/16)

FM: [[Free Radio Network]] (6/20)
|-
| 7 || 446.08125
|12.5
|Narrow [NFM]
| FM: Mountain (7/7). Mountaineers in Spain propose using channel 7 subtone 7 for mountain safety.<ref name="Canal77">{{cite web |title=Iniciativa Canal 7-7 |url=http://www.canal77pmr.com/ |website=www.canal77pmr.com |access-date=7 January 2021 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
| 8 || 446.09375
|12.5
|Narrow [NFM]
|FM: DX & Calling Channel (8/8)

FM: Distress, European emergency channel

FM: Mountain - Hill Walking Radio Network (Ireland) (8)

FM: Mountain (Italy) <ref name="ReteRadioMontana">{{cite web |title=Rete Radio Montana |url=https://www.reteradiomontana.it/ |website=www.reteradiomontana.it |access-date=5 September 2024 |language=it}}</ref> (8/16)
|-
| 9 || 446.10625
|12.5
|Narrow [NFM]
|DMR: [[Digital Calling Channel]] (CC1 TG99)
DMR: Distress (CC1 TG9112), EmCOMM other channel with same TG

FM: AIRSOFT
|-
| 10 || 446.11875
|12.5
|Narrow [NFM]

|FM: Fox Hunting, A.R.D.F.
|-
| 11 || 446.13125
|12.5
|Narrow [NFM]
|
|-
| 12 || 446.14375
|12.5
|Narrow [NFM]
|
|-
| 13 || 446.15625
|12.5
|Narrow [NFM]
|
|-
| 14 || 446.16875
|12.5
|Narrow [NFM]
|
|-
| 15 || 446.18125
|12.5
|Narrow [NFM]
|
|-
| 16 || 446.19375
|12.5
|Narrow [NFM]
|
|}

===Digital [[FDMA]]===
Digital PMR446 [[dPMR446|dPMR]] (FDMA) uses 32 digital voice channels separated by 6.25&nbsp;kHz from each other with 4-level FSK modulation at 3.6&nbsp;kbit/s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmlmicro.com/press/briefs/dpmr_1.htm |title=dPMR: A low cost digital successor to PMR446 is on the Horizon |publisher=Cmlmicro.com |access-date=2010-11-18 |archive-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165048/http://www.cmlmicro.com/press/briefs/dpmr_1.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Before January 2018, only the upper 16 channels were allowed for digital FDMA operation.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Digital FDMA (dPMR446)<ref name=":0" />
|-
! Channel !! Frequency (MHz)
!Channel Spacing (kHz)!! Comments 
|-
| 1 || 446.003125
|6.25
|
|-
| 2 || 446.009375
|6.25
|
|-
| 3 || 446.015625
|6.25
|
|-
| 4 || 446.021875
|6.25
|
|-
| 5 || 446.028125
|6.25
|
|-
| 6 || 446.034375
|6.25
|
|-
| 7 || 446.040625
|6.25
|
|-
| 8 || 446.046875 
|6.25
|
|-
| 9 || 446.053125
|6.25
|
|-
| 10 || 446.059375
|6.25
|
|-
| 11 || 446.065625
|6.25
|
|-
| 12 || 446.071875
|6.25
|
|-
| 13 || 446.078125
|6.25
|
|-
| 14 || 446.084375
|6.25
|
|-
| 15 || 446.090625
|6.25
|
|-
| 16 || 446.096875
|6.25
|
|-
| 17 || 446.103125
|6.25
|
|-
| 18 || 446.109375
|6.25
|
|-
| 19 || 446.115625
|6.25
|dPMR => Calling Channel (CC1 TG99)

dPMR => Mutual assistance (CC1 TG9112)
|-
| 20 || 446.121875
|6.25
|
|-
| 21 || 446.128125
|6.25
|
|-
| 22 || 446.134375
|6.25
|
|-
| 23 || 446.140625
|6.25
|
|-
| 24 || 446.146875
|6.25
|
|-
| 25 || 446.153125
|6.25
|
|-
| 26 || 446.159375
|6.25
|
|-
| 27 || 446.165625
|6.25
|
|-
| 28 || 446.171875
|6.25
|
|-
| 29 || 446.178125
|6.25
|
|-
| 30 || 446.184375
|6.25
|
|-
| 31 || 446.190625
|6.25
|
|-
| 32 || 446.196875
|6.25
|
|}

==PMR446 gateways==
Recently some users have implemented the '''simplex repeater''' system, a cheap and easy way to extend the radio range by using extra radios connected to a small repeater controller. This is also known as "Parrot", "ATX-2000" or just "Echo Repeater" after how it sounds repeating every transmission it receives.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://radiopixie.blogspot.com/2012/10/pmr446-parrot-repeater.html|title=RADIO PIXIE: PMR446 Parrot Repeater|last=Sowden|first=Dave|date=2012-10-07|website=RADIO PIXIE|access-date=2019-10-20}}</ref>

PMR446 gateways extend the range of PMR446. These gateways are connected through internet using a client/server [[VoIP]] system such as [[eQSO]] or the Free Radio Network ([http://www.freeradionetwork.eu FRN]).

==Law==
*[http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/pdf/DEC9825E.pdf Decision ERC (98) 25] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924001849/http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/pdf/Dec9825e.pdf |date=2015-09-24 }}
*[http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/pdf/DEC9826E.pdf Decision ERC (98) 26]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/pdf/DEC9827E.pdf Decision ERC (98) 27]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/pdf/ECCDEC0512.PDF Decision ECC (05) 12] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413120134/http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/pdf/ECCDEC0512.PDF |date=2015-04-13 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170819055247/http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/pdf/ECCDEC1505.PDF Decision ECC (15) 05]

==See also==
*[[70-centimeter band]]
*[[KDR 444]] 
*[[LPD433]]
*[[Personal radio service]]
*[[Public Radio Service]]
*[[Business band]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|PMR446 radios}}
*[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mfMNIHTwauAEW_kc0h99aiN1HLcOm417iSlvETWIztM/edit?usp=sharing Bandplan 433MHz (LPD and PMR Frequencies)]
*[https://pmr446.net/ General PMR446 Website (and UK forum)]

{{Two-way radio}}

[[Category:Bandplans]]
[[Category:Radio hobbies]]
[[Category:Radio technology]]
[[Category:Radio regulations]]