View source for Palace of Whitehall

{{Short description|English royal residence in London (1530–1698)}}
{{redirect|York Place|the street in Edinburgh|York Place, Edinburgh|the tram stop|York Place tram stop}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox historic site
| name = 
| image = The Old Palace of Whitehall by Hendrik Danckerts.jpg
| image_size = 350px
| caption = The Old Palace of Whitehall by [[Hendrick Danckerts]], {{c.|1675}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gac.culture.gov.uk/search/Artist.asp?maker_id=130455 |title=Hendrick Danckerts |publisher=Government Art Collection |access-date=4 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015737/http://www.gac.culture.gov.uk/search/Artist.asp?maker_id=130455 |archive-date=28 June 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The view is from the west, in [[St. James's Park]]. The [[Horse Guards (building)|Horse Guards barracks]] are on the extreme left, with the taller [[Banqueting House]] behind it. The four-towered building left of centre is the palace gatehouse, the "[[Holbein Gate]]".<ref>The buildings are identified in a pictorial map of 1682 by [[William Morgan (cartographer)|William Morgan]]. Reproduced in {{cite book |last1=Barker |first1=Felix |last2=Jackson |first2=Peter |title=The History of London in Maps |publisher=Barrie and Jenkins |location=London |year=1990 |pages=42–43 |isbn=0-7126-3650-1}}; the so-called "[[Holbein Gate]]" as it was known in the 18th century, though any connection with [[Hans Holbein the Younger|Hans Holbein]] was fanciful (John Summerson, ''Architecture in Britain 1530–1830'', 9th ed. 1993: 32) survived the fire and was demolished in 1769.</ref>
| locmapin = United Kingdom Central London
| map_width = 275
| map_caption = Location of the Palace of Whitehall in central London
| coordinates = {{coord|51|30|16|N|00|07|32|W|scale:10000_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[City of Westminster]], [[Middlesex]], [[Kingdom of England]]
| area = 
| built = {{c.|1240}}, 15–17th century
| demolished = 1698 (due to fire)
| rebuilt = 
| architect = 
| architecture = 
}}
[[File:Ingo Jones plan for a new palace at Whitehall 1638.jpg|thumb|upright=1.27|[[Inigo Jones]]'s plan, dated 1638, for a new palace at Whitehall, which was realised only in part.]]

The '''Palace of Whitehall''' – also spelled '''White Hall''' – at [[Westminster]] was the main residence of the [[Kingdom of England|English]] [[List of English monarchs|monarchs]] from 1530 until 1698, when most of its structures, with the notable exception of [[Inigo Jones]]'s [[Banqueting House]] of 1622, were destroyed by fire. [[Henry VIII]] moved the royal residence to Whitehall after the old royal apartments at the nearby [[Palace of Westminster]] were themselves destroyed by fire. Although the Whitehall palace has not survived, the area where it was located is still called [[Whitehall]] and has remained a centre of the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British government]].

Whitehall was at one time the largest palace in Europe, with more than 1,500 rooms, before itself being overtaken by the expanding [[Palace of Versailles]], which was to reach 2,400 rooms.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/politics97/diana/whitehall.html |title=Whitehall |publisher=BBC |access-date=15 August 2012 |archive-date=28 October 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041028104745/http://www.bbc.co.uk/politics97/diana/whitehall.html |url-status=live }}</ref> At its most expansive, the palace extended over much of the area bordered by [[Northumberland Avenue]] in the north; to [[Downing Street]] and nearly to Derby Gate in the south; and from roughly the elevations of the current buildings facing [[Horse Guards (road)|Horse Guards Road]] in the west, to the then banks of the River [[Thames]] in the east (the construction of [[Victoria Embankment]] has since reclaimed more land from the Thames)—a total of about {{convert|23|acre|ha}}. It was about {{convert|710|yards|m}} from [[Westminster Abbey]].

== History ==
By the 13th century, the [[Palace of Westminster]] had become the centre of government in England, and had been the main metropolitan residence of the king since 1049. The surrounding area became a popular and expensive location. [[Walter de Grey]], [[Archbishop of York]], bought a nearby property as his Westminster residence soon after 1240, calling it York Place.<ref>{{cite ODNB |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-11566 |title=Gray, Walter de |year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/11566 |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8 |access-date=28 June 2018 |last1=Haines |first1=Roy Martin}}</ref>

[[File:Wyngaerde_Palace_of_Whitehall.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.25|A sketch of Whitehall Palace in 1544, by [[Anton van den Wyngaerde]].]]

King [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] stayed at York Place on several occasions while work was carried out at Westminster, and enlarged it to accommodate his entourage. York Place was rebuilt during the 15th century and was expanded so much by [[Thomas Wolsey|Cardinal Wolsey]] that it was rivalled by only [[Lambeth Palace]] as the greatest house in the capital city, the King's palaces included. Consequently, when King [[Henry VIII]] removed the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] from power in 1530, he acquired York Place to replace Westminster (the royal residential, or 'privy', area of which had been gutted by fire in 1512) as his main residence, inspecting its possessions in the company of [[Anne Boleyn]]. The name 'Whitehall' was first recorded in 1532; it had its origins in the white stone used for the buildings.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/49055/old_war_office_build.pdf |title=War Office Buildings: a history |publisher=Ministry of Defence |access-date=27 June 2018 |archive-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628022621/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/49055/old_war_office_build.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

King Henry VIII hired the Flemish artist [[Anton van den Wyngaerde]] to redesign York Place, and he extended it during his lifetime. Inspired by [[Richmond Palace]], he included sporting facilities, with a [[bowling green]], [[Real tennis|indoor real tennis court]], a pit for [[cockfight|cock fighting]] (on the site of [[Cabinet Office|the Cabinet Office, 70 Whitehall]]) and a [[tiltyard]] for [[jousting]] (now the site of [[Horse Guards Parade]]). It is estimated that more than [[Pound Sterling|£]]30,000 (several million at present-day value)<ref>[http://www.measuringworth.com/aboutus.html Measuring Worth calculator] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115101608/http://www.measuringworth.com/aboutus.html |date=15 January 2008 }}</ref> were spent during the 1540s, half as much again as the construction of the entire [[Bridewell Palace]]. Henry VIII decorated his gardens with [[King's Beasts, Hampton Court Palace|carved heraldic beasts]], including unicorns, set on wooden posts. The posts were painted by the [[Serjeant Painter]]s Nicholas Lafore and [[Anthony Toto]].<ref>[[Howard Colvin]], ''History of the King's Works'', 4:2 (London: HMSO, 1982), pp. 314–315.</ref>

Henry VIII married two of his wives at the palace—Anne Boleyn in 1533 and [[Jane Seymour]] in 1536, and died there in January 1547.<ref>{{cite web |title='Whitehall Palace: History', in Survey of London: Volume 13, St Margaret, Westminster, Part II: Whitehall I |first1=Montagu H. |last1=Cox |first2=Philip |last2=Norman |location=London |year=1930 |pages=10–40 |publisher=British History Online |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol13/pt2/pp10-40 |access-date=25 August 2021 |archive-date=28 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828025609/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol13/pt2/pp10-40 |url-status=live }}</ref> The body of [[Elizabeth I]] was brought by barge from [[Richmond Palace]] in March 1603 to lie in state at Whitehall Palace.<ref>[[Susan Doran]], ''From Tudor to Stuart: The Regime Change from Elizabeth I to James I'' (Oxford University Press, 2024), p. 17.</ref>

[[Anne of Denmark]]'s secretary, [[William Fowler (makar)|William Fowler]] wrote Latin verses and anagrams for a sundial in the garden, restored by the orders of [[James VI and I]].<ref>Allison L. Steenson, ''The Hawthornden Manuscripts of William Fowler'' (Routledge, 2021), 121–23, 206–8.</ref> In 1611, the palace hosted the first known performance of [[William Shakespeare]]'s play ''[[The Tempest]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/tempest-first-performed |title=The Tempest first performed |date=1 November 2011 |access-date=27 June 2018 |archive-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015844/https://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/tempest-first-performed |url-status=live }}</ref> In February 1613 it was the venue for the [[wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Frederick V of the Palatinate]].<ref>John Nichols, ''Progresses of James the First'', vol. 2 (London, 1828), p. 527.</ref> Anne of Denmark's apartments were painted in "antique work" by [[John de Critz]] and the fireplaces carved by [[Maximilian Colt]]. A withdrawing chamber for [[James VI and I]] featured a wind dial or compass connected to a [[weather vane]] on the roof, and the room was painted by John de Critz with a scheme of the four winds, the four corners of the earth, and the four elements.<ref>[[Howard Colvin]], ''History of the King's Works'', 4:2 (London: HMSO, 1982), p. 326.</ref>

The forty rooms of the lodgings provided for King James's favourite [[Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset]] included a picture gallery in a converted bowling alley.<ref name=wilks>Tim Wilks, 'The Picture Collection of the Earl of Somerset', ''Journal of the History of Collections'', 1:2 (December 1989), pp. 167–177: Robert Hill, 'Sir Dudley Carleton and Jacobean Collecting', [[Edward Chaney]], ''The Evolution of English Collecting'' (Yale, 2003), pp. 240–55.</ref> James VI and I made significant changes to the buildings, notably the construction in 1622 of a new [[Banqueting House]] built to a design by [[Inigo Jones]] to replace a series of previous banqueting houses dating from the time of [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]]. Its decoration was finished in 1634 with the completion of a ceiling by [[Peter Paul Rubens]], commissioned by [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] (who was to be [[Execution of Charles I|executed]] in front of the building in 1649).<ref>[[Simon Thurley]], ''Palaces of the Revolution, Life, Death & Art at the Stuart Court'' (William Collins, 2021), p. 92.</ref>

By 1650 Whitehall Palace was the largest complex of secular buildings in England, with more than 1,500 rooms. Its layout was irregular, and its constituent parts were of many different sizes and in several different architectural styles, making it look more like a small town than a single building.<ref>"...nothing but a heap of Houses, erected at divers times, and of different Models, which they made Contiguous in the best Manner they could for the Residence of the Court...", noted the French visitor [[Samuel de Sorbiere|Samuel de Sorbière]] about 1663, in {{cite book |last1=Sorbière |first1=Samuel |title=A Voyage to England |date=1709 |publisher=J. Woodward |location=London |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8thAAAAcAAJ |access-date=13 April 2018}}.</ref> The irregularity of the buildings was increased by the penchant of courtiers to build onto their assigned lodgings, either at their own expense or that of the king's. [[Stephen Fox]], Charles II's [[Clerk of the Green Cloth]], obtained permission from the [[Office of Works]] in the 1660s to build additions to the three rooms he was assigned. By the time he was finished he had constructed a grand mansion with coach house, stables, and a view over the Thames, all within the palace network.<ref>{{cite book |title=Behind the Throne: A Domestic History of the British Royal Household |author=Adrian Tinniswood |year=2018 |page=103}}</ref>
 
[[File:Whitehall1680.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|A plan of Whitehall Palace in 1680.]]
[[File:WhitehallWren.jpg|thumb|Part of a proposal for the replacement of the palace drawn by [[Christopher Wren]] in 1698. The palace was never rebuilt.]]
 
[[Charles II of England|Charles II]] commissioned minor works, but made extensive renovations.<ref>Jesse, J. Heneage. [https://books.google.com/books?id=7t-ziaQ-pbcC ''London: Its Celebrated Characters and Remarkable Places'', Vol. II], p.40, Richard Bentley, London, 1871.</ref> Like his father, he died at the palace, but from a stroke.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/the-collectors/charles-ii-king-of-great-britain-1630-85#/type/subject |title=King Charles II, Born 1630, St James's Palace; Died 1685, Palace of Whitehall, London |publisher=The Royal Collection |access-date=27 June 2018 |archive-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015759/https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/the-collectors/charles-ii-king-of-great-britain-1630-85#/type/subject |url-status=live }}</ref> [[James II of England|James II]] ordered various changes by [[Christopher Wren]], including a chapel finished in 1687, rebuilding of the queen's apartments ({{c.|1688}}), and the queen's private lodgings (1689).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol13/pt2/pp41-115 |title='Whitehall Palace: Buildings', in Survey of London: Volume 13, St Margaret, Westminster, Part II: Whitehall I, ed. Montagu H Cox and Philip Norman |publisher=London |year=1930 |pages=41–115 |access-date=28 June 2018 |archive-date=20 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620021239/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol13/pt2/pp41-115 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Roman Catholic chapel of James II, constructed during a period of fierce anti-Catholicism in England, attracted much criticism and also awe when it was completed in December 1686.<ref name="Tinniswood">{{cite book |title=Behind the Throne: A Domestic History of the British Royal Household |author=Adrian Tinniswood |year=2018 |page=116}}</ref> The ceiling was adorned with 8,132 pieces of gold leaf, and at the east end of the nave an enormous marble [[altarpiece]] ({{cvt|40|ft}} high by {{cvt|25|ft}} wide) designed by Wren and carved by [[Grinling Gibbons]] dominated the room.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol13/pt2/pp41-115#h3-0024 |title=Survey of London: Volume 13, St. Margaret, Westminster, Part II: Whitehall |author=London County Council |year=1930 |access-date=10 November 2018 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325231358/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol13/pt2/pp41-115#h3-0024 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Destruction ==
 
By 1691 the palace had become the largest and most complex in [[Europe]]. On 10 April a fire broke out in the much-renovated apartment previously used by the [[Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth|Duchess of Portsmouth]], damaging the older palace structures, though apparently not the [[state apartment]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.londononline.co.uk/history/stuart/20/ |publisher=London Online |title=Fire in Whitehall ends an age of palaces |access-date=1 January 2011 |archive-date=5 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605175311/http://www.londononline.co.uk/history/stuart/20/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This actually gave a greater cohesiveness to the remaining complex. At the end of 1694 [[Mary II of England|Mary II]] died in [[Kensington Palace]] of [[smallpox]], and on the following 24 January lay in state at Whitehall; [[William III of England|William and Mary]] had avoided Whitehall in favour of their palace at Kensington.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrp.org.uk/kensington-palace/history-and-stories/william-iii-and-mary-ii/ |title=William III and Mary II |publisher=Historic Royal Palaces |access-date=6 November 2018 |archive-date=7 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107171834/https://www.hrp.org.uk/kensington-palace/history-and-stories/william-iii-and-mary-ii/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

A second fire on 4 January 1698 destroyed most of the remaining residential and government buildings.<ref name="Thurley1999">{{cite book |last=Thurley |first=Simon |title=Whitehall Palace: an architectural history of the royal apartments, 1240–1698 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eT-2q_wPk8kC&pg=PA142 |access-date=2 January 2012 |year=1999 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-07639-4 |page=142}}</ref> It was started inadvertently by a servant in an upper room who had hung wet linen around a burning charcoal [[brazier]] to dry.<ref name=HRPwebsite>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrp.org.uk/banqueting-house/history-and-stories/the-whitehall-fire-of-1698/#gs.lc7R0Ho |title=Whitehall fire of 1698 |publisher=Historic Royal Palaces |access-date=10 November 2018 |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310153202/https://www.hrp.org.uk/banqueting-house/history-and-stories/the-whitehall-fire-of-1698/#gs.lc7R0Ho |url-status=live }}</ref> The linen caught fire and the flames quickly spread throughout the palace complex, raging for 15 hours before firefighters could extinguish them. The following day, the wind picked up and re-ignited the fire farther north. Christopher Wren, then the King's Surveyor of Works, was ordered expressly by William III to focus manpower on saving the architectural jewel of the complex, the Banqueting House.<ref name="HRPwebsite" /> Wren ordered bricklayers to block up the main window on the building's south side to block the flames from entering. Around 20 buildings were destroyed to create a [[firebreak]], but this did little to inhibit the westward spread of the flames.<ref>{{cite book |title=Behind the Throne: A Domestic History of the British Royal Household |author=Adrian Tinniswood |year=2018 |page=127}}</ref>

[[John Evelyn]] noted succinctly on 5 January: "Whitehall burnt! nothing but walls and ruins left."<ref name="Evelyn1906">{{cite book |last=Evelyn |first=John |title=The diary of John Evelyn |url=https://archive.org/details/diaryofjohnevely03evel |access-date=2 January 2012 |year=1906 |publisher=Macmillan and co., limited |page=[https://archive.org/details/diaryofjohnevely03evel/page/334 334]}}</ref> Besides the [[Banqueting House, Whitehall|Banqueting House]], some buildings survived in [[Great Scotland Yard|Scotland Yard]] and some facing the park, along with the so-called [[Holbein Gate]], eventually demolished in 1769.<ref>{{cite web |title='The Holbein Gate and the Tiltyard Gallery', in Survey of London: Volume 14, St Margaret, Westminster, Part III: Whitehall II |first1=Montagu H |last1=Cox |first2=G Topham |last2=Forrest |location=London |year=1931 |pages=10–22 |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol14/pt3/pp10-22 |access-date=28 June 2018 |archive-date=29 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629022241/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol14/pt3/pp10-22 |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the fire many works of art were destroyed, probably including [[Michelangelo]]'s ''[[Cupid (Michelangelo)|Cupid]]'', a famous sculpture bought as part of the [[List of artworks in the Gonzaga collection|Gonzaga]] collections in the seventeenth century. Also lost were [[Hans Holbein the Younger]]'s iconic [[Whitehall Mural]], including his ''[[Portrait of Henry VIII]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw03080/King-Henry-VIII-King-Henry-VII?LinkID=mp02144&role=sit&rNo=2 |title=King Henry VIII; King Henry VII |publisher=National Portrait Gallery |access-date=28 June 2018 |archive-date=29 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629022501/https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw03080/King-Henry-VIII-King-Henry-VII?LinkID=mp02144&role=sit&rNo=2 |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]]'s marble [[Bust of King Charles I (Bernini)|portrait bust of King Charles I]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Wittkower |first=Rudolf |title=Bernini: The Sculptor of the Roman Baroque |location=London |publisher=Phaidon Press |year=1997 |page=258 |isbn=978-0714837154}}</ref>

== Present day ==
[[File:King Henry the VIII's Wine Cellar Underneath the MoD Main Building in London MOD 45152145.jpg|thumbnail|Henry VIII's wine cellar]]
The [[Banqueting House]] is the only integral building of the complex now standing, although it has been somewhat modified. Various other parts of the old palace still exist, often incorporated into new buildings in the [[Whitehall]] government complex. These include a tower and other parts of the former covered tennis courts from the time of Henry VIII, built into the Old Treasury and [[Cabinet Office]] at 70 Whitehall.<ref>{{cite book |last=Duncan |first=Andrew |title=Secret London |publisher=New Holland |location=London |year=2006 |edition=5 |page=111 |chapter=Cabinet Office |isbn=978-1-84537-305-4}}</ref>
[[File:Queen Mary's Steps Whitehall Palace - geograph.org.uk - 1125758.jpg|thumb|Queen Mary's Steps, Palace of Whitehall]]

Beginning in 1938, the east side of the site was redeveloped with the building now housing the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] (MOD), now known as the [[Ministry of Defence Main Building]]. An [[undercroft]] from [[Thomas Wolsey|Wolsey]]'s Great Chamber, now known as Henry VIII's Wine Cellar, a fine example of a Tudor brick-vaulted roof some {{convert|70|ft|m|0}} long and {{convert|30|ft|m|0}} wide, was found to interfere not just with the plan for the new building but also with the proposed route for [[Horse Guards Avenue]]. Following a request from Queen [[Mary of Teck|Mary]] in 1938 and a promise in Parliament, provision was made for the preservation of the cellar. Accordingly, it was encased in steel and concrete and relocated {{convert|9|ft|m|0}} to the west and nearly {{convert|19|ft|m|0}} deeper in 1949, when construction resumed on the site after the Second World War. This was carried out without any significant damage to the structure and it now rests within the basement of the building.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/49055/old_war_office_build.pdf |title=The Old War Office Building; a History |publisher=Ministry of Defence |access-date=28 June 2018 |archive-date=13 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413211851/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/49055/old_war_office_build.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Banqueting House London.jpg|thumb|Banqueting House London, the only remaining component of the Palace of Whitehall]]
 
A number of marble carvings from the former chapel at Whitehall (which was built for James II) are present in [[St Andrew's Church, Burnham-on-Sea]], in Somerset, to where they were moved in 1820 after having originally been removed to [[Westminster Abbey]] in 1706.<ref>{{NHLE | desc=Church of St. Andrew | num=1262914 | access-date=10 December 2006}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|United Kingdom|England|London|Architecture|History|Monarchy}}
* [[List of demolished buildings and structures in London]]
* [[List of palaces in the United Kingdom#England|Official royal residences in London]]:
** [[Palace of Westminster]] – The principal residence of the English kings from 1049 until 1530
** [[Kensington Palace]] – The principal residence of English and later British monarchs between 1689 and 1760
** [[St. James's Palace]] – The principal royal residence from 1702 until 1837, which continues today as the formal palace of the monarchy as the [[Court of St James's]]; [[Clarence House]] built on the St James's grounds and connected to the palace has been used as the royal London residence during the reigns of [[William IV]] (1830–1837) and [[Charles III]] (2022-present).
** [[Bushy House]] – future [[William IV]] took up residence here in 1797 when appointed Ranger of Bushy Park, and remained through his reign as king (1830–1837)
** [[Buckingham Palace]] – The principal royal residence since 1837

== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Palace of Whitehall}}
{{NIE Poster|Whitehall}}
* Information about the Palace of Whitehall from the ''[[Survey of London]]'': [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol13/pt2/pp10-40 Whitehall Palace: History]; [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol13/pt2/pp41-115 Whitehall Palace: Buildings]; [https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol13/pt2/pp116-139 The Banqueting House]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100203154255/http://www.hrp.org.uk/BanquetingHouse/stories/timelineBanqueting.aspx Palace of Whitehall timeline]
* [http://www.londonancestor.com/maps/whitehall-palace.htm Enlarged 1680 plan of Whitehall, showing the location of the tennis courts, cockpit, tiltyard on the St. James's Park side, and the configuration of buildings on the river side]
* [https://www.buildinghistory.org/primary/magalotti/whitehall.shtml View of Whitehall in 1669], showing the [[Banqueting House]] and Holbein Gate
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110728103846/http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=404943 A historical record of Whitehall Palace]
 
{{Royal palaces in the United Kingdom}}
{{London history}}
 
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Whitehall, Palace of}}
[[Category:1240 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1240]]
[[Category:1698 disestablishments in England]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures demolished in the 1690s]]
[[Category:Burned buildings and structures in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Former buildings and structures in the City of Westminster]]
[[Category:Royal buildings in London]]
[[Category:Royal residences in England]]
[[Category:Tudor royal palaces in England]]
[[Category:Episcopal palaces of archbishops of York|York Place, Westminster]]
[[Category:Episcopal palaces in London|York Place, Westminster]]
[[Category:Whitehall]]
[[Category:Royal residences in the City of Westminster]]
[[Category:Jane Seymour]]
[[Category:Anne Boleyn]]
[[Category:Henry VIII]]