View source for Panaji

{{Short description|Capital city of the Indian state of Goa}}
{{Redirect-distinguish|Panjim|Panjin}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Panaji
| native_name        = {{nativename|gom|Ponnjem}}
| other_name         = Panjim
| settlement_type    = [[List of capitals in India|State capital city]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| total_width              = 280
| image_style              = 
| perrow                   = 1/2/2/2/2
| image8    = 0437 Panaji - Church of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception 2006-02-13 13-44-45 (10543360026).jpg
| caption8= [[Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church, Goa|Church in Panaji]]
| image1     = Panaji City.JPG
| caption1   = Panaji city view
| image3 =Gallery de Fontainhas.jpg
|caption3 = People's Art Gallery & Café
| image9   = Goa Villa Paradiso.JPG
| caption9 = Goa Villa Paradiso
 | image6 = Road along Vasco-da-gama residence in Fontainhas, Panaji.jpg
| caption6= Road along Vasco-da-gama 
| image7 = Scenes of Panjim (Panaji), capital of Goa, India 08.jpg
|caption7 = Mandovi bridge
| image2      = Atal Setu and bridges across Rio de Ourem, Panaji.jpg
| caption2 =Atal Setu 
| image5= Relax Inn cafe in Fontainhas, Panaji.jpg
| caption5 = Relax Inn cafe 
| image4 = India Goa Panjim.jpg
| caption4 = Street of Panjim 
}}
| image_map          = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=center|plain=y|type=shape-inverse|id=Q1171|frame-width=270|frame-height=340|frame-lat=15.34|frame-long=74.06|stroke-width=3|zoom=9|type2=point|coord2={{coord|15|29|56|N|73|49|40|E}}|marker-size2=medium}}
| map_caption        = Location of Panaji in [[Goa]]
| pushpin_map        = 
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|15|29|56|N|73|49|40|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{Flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{flagicon image|Flag of Goa, India.svg}} [[Goa]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of districts of Goa|District]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[North Goa]]
| subdivision_type3  = Sub-district
| subdivision_name3  = [[Tiswadi]]
| established_title  = Elevated to Capital
| established_date   = 1843
| government_type    = [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title       = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name        = Rohit Monserrate
| leader_title1      = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader_name1       = Sanjeev Naik<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/rohit-gets-second-term-as-ccp-mayor/articleshow/90552266.cms | title=Rohit gets second term as CCP mayor | newspaper=The Times of India | date=31 March 2022 }}</ref>
| total_type         = City
| unit_pref          = Metric
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 8.27
| area_metro_km2     = 76.3
| area_metro_sq_mi   = 
| area_rank          = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 7
| population_total   = 40017
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_footnotes = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro   = 114,759
| population_rank    = 3rd in Goa
| population_demonym = Ponnjekar
| timezone1          = [[India Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1        = +5:30
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code        = 403001
| area_code          = 0832
| area_code_type     = Telephone code
| registration_plate = GA-01, GA-07
| website            = https://ccpgoa.com/
| leader_title2      = Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Goa]]
| leader_name2       = [[Atanasio Monserrate]] ([[Bharatiya Janta Party|BJP]])
| area_metro_footnotes = 
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_title2 = Additional/Cultural
| demographics1_info1 = {{hlist|[[Konkani language|Konkani]]|[[Indian English|English]]}}
| demographics1_info2 = {{hlist|[[Portuguese language in Goa|Portuguese]]<ref>Portuguese is culturally present as various creoles, and in places like churches.</ref>}}
| official_name      = 
}}

'''Panaji''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ʌ|n|ə|dʒ|i}}; {{langx|gom|Ponnjem}}, {{IPA|kok|pɵɳdʒĩ|IPA}}), also known as '''Panjim''', is the capital of the Indian state of [[Goa]] and the headquarters of [[North Goa]] district. Previously, it was the territorial capital of the former [[Portuguese India]]. It lies on the banks of the [[Mandovi river]] estuary in the [[Tiswadi]] sub-district (''[[taluka]]''). With a population of 114,759 in the metropolitan area, Panaji is Goa's largest [[urban agglomeration]], ahead of [[Margao]] and [[Mormugao]].

Panaji has terraced hills, concrete buildings with balconies and red-tiled roofs, churches, and a riverside promenade. There are avenues lined with [[gulmohar]], [[acacia]] and other trees. The [[baroque]] [[Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church, Goa|Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church]] is located overlooking the main square known as Praça da Igreja. Panaji has been selected as one of a hundred Indian cities to be developed as a [[smart city]] under the [[Smart Cities Mission]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPSCDL - Panaji Smart City |url=https://imaginepanaji.com/ |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=imaginepanaji.com}}</ref> Panaji's HDI is almost around 0.80, and is considered to be the best amongst other major Indian cities.

The city was built with stepped streets and a {{convert|7|km|mi|0|adj=mid|-long|abbr=off}} promenade on a planned [[Grid plan|grid]] system after the [[Portuguese Goa|Portuguese]] relocated the capital from [[Old Goa|Velha Goa]] in the 17th century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Corporation of The City of Panaji: Official Site |url=http://ccpgoa.com/index.php |access-date=7 May 2018 |website=ccpgoa.com |language=en |archive-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425061215/http://ccpgoa.com/index.php |url-status=live }}</ref> It was elevated from a town to a city on 22 March 1843.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 March 2017 |title=Panaji Completes 174 Years as State's Capital City |language=en |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/panaji-completes-174-years-as-states-capital-city/articleshow/57781746.cms |access-date=7 May 2018 |archive-date=8 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508061922/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/panaji-completes-174-years-as-states-capital-city/articleshow/57781746.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The city was renamed from ''Panjim'' in [[Indian English|English]] to ''Panaji'', its present official name in the 1980s. The [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] name is ''Pangim''. The city had been renamed ''Nova Goa'' (Portuguese for "New Goa") when it officially replaced the city of Goa (now [[Old Goa]]) as the capital of [[Portuguese India]], though the Viceroy had already moved there in 1759.{{cn|date=February 2025}}

The justification of the modern word ''Panaji'' is derived from the words ''panjani'' and ''khali'', which mean ''a boat'' and ''a small creek'' respectively, in [[Sanskrit]]. Thus the modern word Panjim is believed to be a corruption of the old word ''Panjanakhani'' as inscribed on the discovered Panjim copper-plates dated 1059 CE, belonging to the rule of Kadamba king Jayakesi I.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Union Territory Goa, Daman and Diu: District Gazetteer, Volume 1 |publisher=Gazetteer Dept., Govt. of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu |year=1979}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Rao |first=Gopala V. |title=Temples of Goa: An Architectural Study |date=2003 |degree=PhD |publisher=Goa University |language=en |hdl=10603/35652 |hdl-access=free |chapter=Epigraphical And Literary Sources On Worship In Goa's Past |chapter-url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/35652/10/10_chapter%203.pdf |access-date=1 April 2016 |archive-date=11 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411214111/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/35652/10/10_chapter%203.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> According to legend, this northern capital city was mentioned in a stone inscription of [[Kadambas of Goa|Kadamba]] king Jayakesi I dated 1054 CE as 'Panjanakhani', giving him the epithet of ''Padavalendra'' which is [[Kannada]] for  ''lord of the western ocean''.<ref name="De Souza">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dwYDPnEjTb4C&q=panjanakhani&pg=PA129 |title=Goa Through the Ages: An Economic History, Volume 2 |date=1990 |publisher=Concept Publishing |isbn=9788170222590 |editor-last=De Souza |editor-first=Teotonio R. |pages=129 |language=en |access-date=18 November 2020 |archive-date=15 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115155314/https://books.google.com/books?id=dwYDPnEjTb4C&q=panjanakhani&pg=PA129 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== History ==
Panaji was made the first neighbourhood of "Nova Goa" (New Goa) capital of [[Portuguese India]], after a devastating epidemic decimated the population of the [[Old Goa|City of Goa]] in the mid-18th century.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2016 |title=Rise and Fall of 'Old Goa' |url=https://itsgoa.com/rise-and-fall-of-old-goa/ |website=ItsGoa |language=en |access-date=13 September 2020 |archive-date=26 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226042420/http://www.itsgoa.com/rise-and-fall-of-old-goa/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Faria |first=Alice Santiago |date=2011 |title=Panaji [Panagi/Pangim/Panjim/Nova Goa] |url=https://hpip.org/en/Contents/Place/577 |access-date=31 May 2025 |website=HPIP. Heritage of Portuguese influence.}}</ref>

Panaji was annexed by India with the rest of Goa and the former [[Portuguese India|Portuguese territories]] after the [[Indian annexation of Portuguese India]] in 1961. It became a state-capital on Goa's elevation to statehood in 1987and between 1961 and 1987, it was the capital of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu. A new Legislative Assembly complex was inaugurated in March 2000, across the [[Mandovi River]], now full of casinos, in Alto [[Porvorim]]. Panaji is also the administrative headquarters of [[North Goa]] district.

== Geography ==
Panaji is located at {{Coord|15|29|56|N|73|49|40|E}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/33/Panaji.html |title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Panaji |publisher=Fallingrain.com |access-date=9 May 2012 |archive-date=7 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207070059/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/33/Panaji.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It has an average elevation of {{convert|7|m|ft|lk=out|abbr=off}}.

=== Suburbs ===
Panaji has various ''vāde'' or sub-divisions, including:

* [[São Tomé, Panaji|São Tomé]], [[Fontainhas (quarter)|Fontainhas]], [[Mala, Panaji|Mala]], [[Portais, Panaji|Portais]], [[Altinho, Goa|Altinho]], [[Cortin, Panaji|Cortin]], [[Praça da Igreja, Panaji|Praça da Igreja]], [[Tar, Panaji|Tar]], [[Bazar, Panaji|Bazar]], [[Japão, Panaji|Japão]], and [[Boca de Vaca, Panaji|Boca de Vaca]].

Some areas outlying it are:

* [[Campal]], [[Santa Inez, Panaji|Santa Inez]], [[Chinchollem, Panaji|Chinchollem]], [[Batulem, Panaji|Batulem]], [[Merces, Goa|Merces]], [[Bambolim]], [[Caranzalem]], [[Santa Cruz, Goa|Santa Cruz]], [[Siridao]], [[Dona Paula]], and [[Taleigão|Platô de Taleigão]].

Besides lying on the banks of the [[Mandovi River]], Panaji is bound by two creeks called ''pői'' by the locals, namely [[Ourém creek]] and [[St Inez Creek|Santa Inêz creek]].

== Demographics ==
During the [[2011 census of India]],<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web|title=Provisional Population Totals Paper 2, Volume 2 of 2011: Goa State Tables|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2-vol2/data_files/goa/Tables.pdf|work=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]|access-date=9 July 2013|archive-date=14 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114012327/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2-vol2/data_files/goa/Tables.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Panaji had a population of 114,405. Males constituted 52% of the population and females 48%. It had an average literacy rate of 90.9%; male literacy was 94.6% and female literacy 86.9%. In Panaji, 9.6% of the population was under 7 years of age.

=== Religion ===
Panaji comprises three major religions, with Hinduism being the majority with 64.08% followers, Christianity with 26.51% followers, and the smallest being Islam with 8.84% followers. 0.4% of the population count as other which include Buddhist, Jain, and Sikh followers.<ref>{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW30C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=19 March 2021 |archive-date=12 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112055139/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW30C-01%20MDDS.XLS |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Climate ==
Panaji features a [[tropical monsoon climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Am''). The climate in Panaji is hot in summer and equable in winter. During summers (from March to May) the temperature reaches up to {{convert|32|°C}} and in winters (from November to February) it is usually between {{convert|31|°C}} and {{convert|23|°C}}.

The [[monsoon]] period is from June to October with heavy rainfall and gusty winds. The annual average rainfall is {{convert|2932|mm|2|abbr=on}}.

{{Weather box
| location  = Panaji (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2012)
| metric first = Yes
| single line  = Yes
| Jan record high C = 36.7
| Feb record high C = 39.2
| Mar record high C = 39.0
| Apr record high C = 39.8
| May record high C = 38.6
| Jun record high C = 37.8
| Jul record high C = 33.5
| Aug record high C = 34.0
| Sep record high C = 33.4
| Oct record high C = 37.2
| Nov record high C = 37.2
| Dec record high C = 36.6
| year record high C = 39.8
| Jan high C = 32.5
| Feb high C = 32.4
| Mar high C = 32.6
| Apr high C = 33.4
| May high C = 33.8
| Jun high C = 30.9
| Jul high C = 29.3
| Aug high C = 29.5
| Sep high C = 30.2
| Oct high C = 32.0
| Nov high C = 33.5
| Dec high C = 33.1
| year high C = 32.0
| Jan mean C = 26.3
| Feb mean C = 26.6
| Mar mean C = 27.9
| Apr mean C = 29.5
| May mean C = 30.1
| Jun mean C = 27.8
| Jul mean C = 26.8
| Aug mean C = 26.9
| Sep mean C = 27.1
| Oct mean C = 28.0
| Nov mean C = 28.1
| Dec mean C = 27.0
|year mean C = 
| Jan low C = 20.0
| Feb low C = 20.6
| Mar low C = 23.3
| Apr low C = 25.4
| May low C = 26.3
| Jun low C = 24.9
| Jul low C = 24.2
| Aug low C = 24.2
| Sep low C = 24.0
| Oct low C = 24.0
| Nov low C = 22.7
| Dec low C = 20.9
| year low C = 23.4
| Jan record low C = 14.4
| Feb record low C = 13.3
| Mar record low C = 16.8
| Apr record low C = 20.2
| May record low C = 20.9
| Jun record low C = 20.7
| Jul record low C = 21.6
| Aug record low C = 21.7
| Sep record low C = 21.0
| Oct record low C = 20.0
| Nov record low C = 15.3
| Dec record low C = 15.7
| year record low C = 13.3
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 1.0
| Feb rain mm = 0.1
| Mar rain mm = 0.0
| Apr rain mm = 4.9
| May rain mm = 76.6
| Jun rain mm = 890.4
| Jul rain mm = 955.2
| Aug rain mm = 571.7
| Sep rain mm = 304.1
| Oct rain mm = 156.4
| Nov rain mm = 21.3
| Dec rain mm = 2.5
| year rain mm = 2984.1
| Jan rain days = 0.1
| Feb rain days = 0.0
| Mar rain days = 0.1
| Apr rain days = 0.3
| May rain days = 3.6
| Jun rain days = 21.2
| Jul rain days = 26.7
| Aug rain days = 23.0
| Sep rain days = 13.7
| Oct rain days = 6.8
| Nov rain days = 1.5
| Dec rain days = 0.2
| year rain days = 97.3
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 57
| Feb humidity = 59
| Mar humidity = 65
| Apr humidity = 67
| May humidity = 69
| Jun humidity = 83
| Jul humidity = 87
| Aug humidity = 86
| Sep humidity = 82
| Oct humidity = 76
| Nov humidity = 65
| Dec humidity = 58
| year humidity = 71
| Jan sun = 303.8
| Feb sun = 291.0
| Mar sun = 288.3
| Apr sun = 279.0
| May sun = 285.2
| Jun sun = 132.0
| Jul sun = 96.1
| Aug sun = 120.9
| Sep sun = 180.0
| Oct sun = 232.5
| Nov sun = 270.0
| Dec sun = 294.5
|year sun = 
| Jand sun = 9.8
| Febd sun = 10.3
| Mard sun = 9.3
| Aprd sun = 9.3
| Mayd sun = 9.2
| Jund sun = 4.4
| Juld sun = 3.1
| Augd sun = 3.9
| Sepd sun = 6.0
| Octd sun = 7.5
| Novd sun = 9.0
| Decd sun = 9.5
|yeard sun = 7.6
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]] (sun, 1971–2000)<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Panjim Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 585–586
| access-date = 19 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M47
| access-date = 19 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDsun>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042602/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Daily%20Normals%20of%20Global%20&%20Diffused%20Radiations%20%201971_2000.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Daily%20Normals%20of%20Global%20&%20Diffused%20Radiations%20%201971_2000.pdf
| title = Table 3 Monthly mean duration of Sun Shine (hours) at different locations in India
| work = Daily Normals of Global & Diffuse Radiation (1971–2000)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M-3
| access-date = 1 March 2020}}</ref>
|source 2 = Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)<ref name=TCC>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200301161822/https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=43192
| archive-date = 1 March 2020
| url = https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=43192
| title = Normals Data: Goa/Pangim - India Latitude: 15.48°N Longitude: 73.82°E Height: 58 (m)
| publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency
| access-date = 1 March 2020}}</ref>
| date = November 2010}}

== Cityscape ==
{{Wide image| Panorama of Panjim city.jpg|1280px|Skyline of the city}}
[[File:Panaji, Goa, India, Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church at night.jpg|thumb|[[Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church, Goa|Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church]]]]
[[File:AbaDeFaria.JPG|thumb|Statue of [[Abbe Faria]] one of the main freedom fighters of the [[Conspiracy of the Pintos]] at [[Panjim]], Goa]]
[[File:Gallery de Fontainhas.jpg|thumb|Panaji People's Art Gallery & Café]]
[[File:The Institute Menezes Braganza.jpg|thumb|The [[Institute Menezes Braganza|Menezes Bragança Institute]]]]
The heart of the city is the ''Praça da Igreja'' (Church Square) where the Jardim Garcia de Orta (municipal garden) with the Portuguese [[Baroque]] ''[[Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church, Goa|Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Imaculada Conceição]]'', originally built in 1541. Other tourist attractions include the old and rebuilt Adilshahi Palace (or ''Idalç''ão Palace), dating from the sixteenth century, the [[Institute Menezes Braganza]], the Chapel of St. Sebastian and the [[Fontainhas (quarter)|Fontainhas]] area—which is considered to be the old Latin Quarter—as well as the nearby beach of Miramar. Panaji hosted the relics of Saint [[John Bosco]] (also known as Don Bosco) until 21 August 2011 at the Don Bosco Oratory.

One of the capital city's most discerning assets is the Mahalaxmi Temple. Located on the Dada Vaidya road (Rua de Saudade during the Portuguese times), the Mahalaxmi deity is the chief object of veneration for all Panjimites, irrespective of caste, class, sex or creed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021|title=mahalakshmi temple|url=https://www.goa.gov.in/places/mahalaxmi-temple-panaji/|access-date=14 May 2021|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514105554/https://www.goa.gov.in/places/mahalaxmi-temple-panaji/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[carnival]] celebrations in February include a colourful parade on the streets. This is followed by the [[Shigmo]] / Xigmo, or [[Holi]]. The Narkāsūr parade on the night before Diwali in the city is very colourful.

Well-known places in Panaji are the [[18th June Road]] (a busy thoroughfare in the heart of the town and a shopping area for tourists and locals), Mala area, [[Miramar, Panaji|Miramar]] beach and the [[Kala Academy]] (a cultural centre known for its structure built by architect [[Charles Correa]]). Kala Academy is a place where [[Goa]] showcases its art and culture.

=== Palace of Adil Shah (Secretariat Building) ===

Situated on the banks of [[Mandovi River]] in the heart of Panaji is ‘Old Secretariat’ building popularly known as ‘Adil Shah's Palace’.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sayed |first=Nida |date=2017 |title=Adil Shah Palace Crowded, 18th Century Artefacts Left on Road |language=en |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/adil-shah-palace-crowded-18th-century-artefacts-left-on-road/articleshow/61192823.cms |access-date=10 January 2018 |archive-date=11 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111061140/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/adil-shah-palace-crowded-18th-century-artefacts-left-on-road/articleshow/61192823.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> It was built by [[Yusuf Adil Shah]] of the [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur Sultanate]] in around 1500, as a summer residence and fortress. The building was armed with 55 cannons and surrounded by a moat. The Palace was besieged by Portuguese admiral Afonso de Albuquerque in 1510<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adil Shah's Palace |url=https://www.goa.gov.in/places/adil-shahs-palace/ |website=Government of Goa |language=en |access-date=13 September 2020 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803232730/https://www.goa.gov.in/places/adil-shahs-palace/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and in the mid-1500s the Portuguese conquerors renamed it as ‘Idalcao's Palace’<ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Secretariat |url=https://goa-tourism.com/GTDC-holidays/adil-shahs-palace.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=10 January 2018 |archive-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108233514/https://goa-tourism.com/GTDC-holidays/adil-shahs-palace.htm }}</ref> and was the temporary residence of the first ‘Viceroy of Goa’. In 1963 this ancient structure was renovated by Goa government to house [[Goa Legislative Assembly]]. This structure today is 'The [[Goa State Museum]]'.

=== Other attractions ===
[[Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary]] is a bird [[sanctuary]] named after the ornithologist Dr. Salim Ali. The sanctuary, located in the village of Chorão, near Panaji, plays host to rare and endangered bird species—both migratory and resident.

[[Goa]] is famous for its beaches, and Miramar, [[Bambolim#Bambolim Beach|Bambolim]], and Dona Paula are three popular beaches located near Panaji.

Dona Paula is the meeting point for two of Goa's famous rivers, Zuari and Mandovi. These two rivers meet at the Arabian Sea. The official residence of the governor of Goa, known as Cabo Raj Bhavan, is situated on the westernmost tip of Dona Paula.

Miramar Beach is one of the more crowded beaches in Goa, which remains full with local and international tourists throughout the year.

Also located near Panaji, is the [[Goa Science Centre]] which was opened to the public in December 2001. The Caculo Mall is also located in [[St Inez Creek|St. Inez]] near Panaji. Also Madhuban Complex, at St. Inez is very popular among Panjimites.

Panaji is widely acknowledged as being both the Casino capital and Gin capital of India.

== Education ==
[[File:GMC building.jpg|thumb|The renovated building of [[Goa Medical College]] (established in 1842 as Escola Médico-Cirúrgica de [Nova] Goa) in Campal. The institution has since been relocated and this building now serves as the headquarters of the Entertainment Society of Goa.]]
[[Goa]]'s only state university, the [[Goa University]], is situated at [[Taleigão]] on the outskirts of Panaji. Some other educational institutes in Panaji are:

* [[Don Bosco College]], Panjim<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2024 |title=Higher Education |url=https://www.donboscosouthasia.org/What-we-do/Education/Higher-Education-Info?id=22 |website=Don Bosco South Asia |access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref>
* [[Goa Medical College]], Bambolim
* Goa College of Pharmacy
* Goa Polytechnic Panaji
* Goa College of Fine Arts
* The Rosary High School, Miramar
* Our lady of Rosary (Green Rosary), Dona Paula
* Santa Cruz High School, Santa Cruz
* [[Don Bosco High School (Panaji)|Don Bosco High School]]
* Goa Institute of Management
* Dempo College of Commerce and Economics, Altinho
* Dhempe College of Arts and Sciences, Miramar
* Mary Immaculate Girls High School, São Tomé/Fontainhas
*Sharada Mandir School, Miramar

=== Research centres ===
The [[National Institute of Oceanography, India|National Institute of Oceanography]] (CSIR-NIO) is situated at [[Dona Paula]], on the outskirts of Panaji city. It specialises in marine science research.

== Transport ==
[[File:Atal Setu and bridges across Rio de Ourem, Panaji.jpg|thumb|Atal Setu and bridges across Rio de Ourem]]
The nearest airport is [[Dabolim Airport]] which is {{convert|30|km|0|abbr=off}} away.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2011 |title=Goa |url=http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/goa_generalinfo.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421123224/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/goa_generalinfo.jsp |archive-date=21 April 2012 |access-date=9 May 2012 |website=Airports Authority of India |language=en}}</ref> Transport is done mainly by buses.

The other recently developed airport near to Panjim is [[Mopa Airport]] which is {{convert|40|km|0|abbr=off}} away.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2024 |title=Goa |url=https://goa.app/blog/mopa-airport-to-panjim-transport |website= Goa App |language=en}}</ref> Transport is done mainly by buses. Mapusa is the nearest city, from where you can find ample public transport to the coastal areas in the form of buses, cabs, etc

== Media and communications ==
Apart from leading national newspapers, there are few locally published newspapers which are readily available like "The Navhind Times," "The Herald," "Gomantak Times" and "The Goan".
  
Panaji has few local radio stations which transmit various programs of mass interest. Indigo 91.9, Big 92.7, Vividh Bharati 101.1 and FM Rainbow 105.4 are few FM radio stations available. The latter two are State-owned [[All India Radio]]. The annual [[International Film Festival of India]] (IFFI), is held in Panaji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 January 2021|title=International Film Festival of India to host its 51st edition in Goa, check details|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/international-film-festival-of-india-to-host-its-51st-edition-in-goa-check-details-2336121.html|access-date=14 August 2021|website=Zee News|language=en|archive-date=14 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814004130/https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/international-film-festival-of-india-to-host-its-51st-edition-in-goa-check-details-2336121.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Governance ==
The Goa government, as well as the [[Government of India|Indian government]], has its major offices in Goa.
*[[Bombay High Court]] – Goa bench
*Goa Education Development Corporation
*Industrial Development Corporation Goa
*Junta House – houses government offices
*Goa Passport Office.
*Press Information Bureau (Government of India's Press Office)
*[[Sports Authority of Goa]]
*[[All India Radio]], Altinho
*[[Doordarshan]] Complex, Altinho

The [[Goa Legislative Assembly]] is situated at Alto [[Porvorim]], about {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} from Panaji. The hillock called [[Altinho]] houses some major central government offices and the residences of prominent officials and politicians.

Panaji is part of [[Panaji (Goa Assembly constituency)]] and [[North Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

== Politics ==
The current chief minister of Goa, Pramod Sawant, resides here. The Corporation of the City of Panaji (CCP) administers the city and its Mayor is Rohit Monserrate.<ref name="The Navhind Times Chopdekar ">{{Cite news |date=15 March 2018 |title=Chopdekar is CCP Mayor |work=The Navhind Times |url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/chopdekar-is-ccp-mayor/ |access-date=23 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315124910/http://www.navhindtimes.in/chopdekar-is-ccp-mayor/ |archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref> Vasant Agshikar is the Deputy Mayor.<ref name="The Navhind Times Chopdekar " /><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 March 2018 |title=Goa: Vithal Chopdekar & Asmita Kerkar to Be Elected Unopposed as Mayor & DY Mayor |language=en |work=The Neutral View |url=http://theneutralview.com/goa-vithal-chopdekar-asmita-kerkar-to-be-elected-unopposed-as-mayor-dy-mayor/ |access-date=23 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313213539/http://theneutralview.com/goa-vithal-chopdekar-asmita-kerkar-to-be-elected-unopposed-as-mayor-dy-mayor/ |archive-date=13 March 2018}}</ref>

The governor of Goa stays at the [[Raj Bhavan (Goa)|Cabo Raj Bhavan]] at [[Dona Paula]], about {{convert|8|km|0|abbr=on}} from Panaji. The current governor is [[P. S. Sreedharan Pillai|S. Pillai]].

== Sports ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2017}}
Two of Goa's premier association football clubs [[Dempo S.C.]] and [[Sporting Clube de Goa]] are based in Panaji and they both compete in India's one of the top-tier league [[I-League]]. Clube Tennis de Gaspar Dias in Miramar was founded in the year 1926 and remains among the most sought after Tennis clubs in Goa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://gogoanow.com/item/club-tennis-de-gaspar-dias/|title=Club Tennis de Gaspar Dias – GoGoaNow !|work=GoGoaNow !|access-date=7 May 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=7 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507221840/http://gogoanow.com/item/club-tennis-de-gaspar-dias/|url-status=live}}</ref> The multipurpose Campal Indoor Complex is planned in Campal besides the existing football ground.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} The Don Bosco college football grounds on General Bernardo Guedes road has been long a long established sports field in the city. It also has a football club named [[FC Goa]] in [[Indian Super League]].

== International relations ==
=== Twin towns – Sister cities ===
Panaji is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|POR}} [[Lisbon]], Portugal<ref name="Lisbon twinnings 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais |title=Acordos de Geminação, de Cooperação e/ou Amizade da Cidade de Lisboa |access-date=23 August 2013 |work=Camara Municipal de Lisboa |language=pt |trans-title=Lisbon – Twinning Agreements, Cooperation and Friendship |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031202617/http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais |archive-date=31 October 2013 }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|SYC}} [[Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria]], Seychelles<ref name="India signed an agreement that now panaji is an twin city with Victoria">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/india-to-sign-twin-cities-agreement-with-seychelles/articleshow/64725268.cms |title=India to sign twin cities agreement with Seychelles |access-date=25 June 2018 |work=The Times of India |language=en-IN }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[1961 Indian annexation of Goa]]
* [[Tourism in Goa]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.ourgoa.com/ Goa: A complete Guide]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081205061436/http://goagovt.nic.in/ Government of Goa]
*{{Wikivoyage inline}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}

{{Goa topics}}
{{State and Union Territory capitals of India}}

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[[Category:Cities and towns in North Goa district]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in India]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns of the Arabian Sea]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in North Goa district]]
[[Category:Indian capital cities]]
[[Category:Panaji| ]]<!--please leave the empty space as standard-->
[[Category:Smart cities in India]]