View source for Pandeiro

{{Short description|Musical instrument}}
{{Infobox instrument
| image                 = Pandeiro.jpg
| image_size            =
| alt                   =
| caption               =
| background            = percussion
| names                 = 
| classification        = [[Frame drum]]
| hornbostel_sachs      = 211.311
| hornbostel_sachs_desc = [[Directly struck membranophone]]
}}
[[File:Pandeiro.stl|thumb|3D model]]
The '''pandeiro''' ({{IPA|pt|pɐ̃ˈdejɾu}}) is a type of hand [[frame drum]] popular in [[Brazil]]. The pandeiro is used in a number of [[Music of Brazil|Brazilian music]] forms, such as [[samba]], [[choro]], [[Coco (music)|coco]], [[capoeira]], and [[bossa nova]] music.

The drumhead is tunable, and the rim holds metal jingles (''platinelas'') which are cupped, creating a crisper, drier and less sustained tone on the pandeiro than on the [[tambourine]]. It is held in one hand, and struck on the head by the other hand to produce the sound. Typical pandeiro patterns are played by alternating the thumb, fingertips, heel, and palm of the hand. A pandeiro can also be shaken to make sound, or one can run a finger along the head to produce a [[drum roll]].

==Medieval instrument==
The term ''pandeiro'' was previously used to describe a square double-skinned frame drum, often with a bell inside; such an instrument is now known by the term ''[[adufe]]'' in [[Iberia|Spain and Portugal]].

The term ''pandeiro'' (''pandero'' in [[Asturian language|Asturian]]) is still used in parts of [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], [[Asturias]] and Portugal to describe the square-shaped drum, while the round drum with jingles is known as ''pandeira'' in Galicia and ''pandeireta'' in Portugal.<ref name="Molina2006">{{cite book|author=Mauricio Molina|title=Frame Drums in the Medieval Iberian Peninsula|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1hsE_kG53NgC&pg=PA101|access-date=25 December 2012|year=2006|isbn=978-0-542-85095-0|pages=101–}}</ref>

==Players==
[[Image:Pandeiro in hands.jpg|thumb|A Brazilian-style pandeiro being played]]
Some of the best-known pandeiro players today are [[Paulinho da Costa]], [[ Nanny Assis]], [[Airto Moreira]], [[Marcos Suzano]], [[Cyro Baptista]], [[Zé Maurício]], and [[Carlinhos Pandeiro de Ouro]].

Other notable pandeiro players were [[Scott Feiner]], bringing the pandeiro to jazz, and [[Milt Holland]], a [[Los Angeles]]–based studio percussionist and drummer who travelled the world extensively to collect and study various ethnic percussion types.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0hiSDgAAQBAJ&q=milt+holland+exotic&pg=PA242 | title=I'm Just Dead, I'm Not Gone| isbn=9781496811202| last1=Dickinson| first1=Jim| date=2017-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Milt Holland {{!}} Credits |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/milt-holland-mn0000895553/credits |website=AllMusic |publisher=AllMusic, member of the RhythmOne group |access-date=19 January 2020 |language=en-us}}</ref>
===Non-traditional usage===
Artists such as [[Stanton Moore]] use it non-traditionally by tuning it low to sound like a bass drum with jingles, mounting it on a stand and integrating it into the modern drum kit.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} Others, such as Sule Greg Wilson on the [[Carolina Chocolate Drops]] album ''Genuine Negro Jig'', use it in tandem with a tunable [[bodhran]]—also mounted—and play them as a pair with brushes to create drum kit effects, as well as their original intent as hand-held instruments.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wiktionary}}
* [http://www.viradadrums.com/product-category/pandeiro/ ViradaDrums.com]
* [http://www.pandeiro.com/ Pandeiro.com]
* [http://www.emiliano.com/pandeiro.html ''Pandeiro'' by Emiliano Benevides] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106180653/http://emiliano.com/pandeiro.html |date=2012-01-06 }} at Emiliano.com
* [https://www.amazon.com/Pandeiro-Philosophy-Daniel-Allen/dp/1505813042 "The Philosophy of... Pandeiro!" by Daniel Allen]

{{Frame drums}}
{{Percussion}}

[[Category:Brazilian musical instruments]]
[[Category:Hand drums]]
[[Category:Brazilian percussion]]
[[Category:Portuguese musical instruments]]
[[Category:Capoeira music]]