View source for Park Lane

{{short description|Road in London}}
{{About|the road in London|other uses|Park Lane (disambiguation)}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2021}}

{{Infobox street
| name=Park Lane
| location=[[City of Westminster]], [[Central London]]
| former_names=Tyburn Lane
| image=Park Lane, Mayfair - geograph.org.uk - 420019.jpg
| caption=Looking north on Park Lane. [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]] is to the left; the [[Grosvenor House Hotel]] to the right.
| namesake=[[Hyde Park, London]]
| part_of=A4202
| length_mi=0.7
| known_for={{ubl|[[The Dorchester]]|[[Grosvenor House Hotel]]|[[London Hilton on Park Lane]]|[[InterContinental London Park Lane]]|[[Londonderry House]]|[[Marriott London Park Lane]]|[[Sheraton Grand London Park Lane Hotel|Park Lane Hotel]]|[[Park Lane Mews Hotel]]|[[Somerset House, Park Lane|Somerset House]]}}
| map_type = United Kingdom London Westminster
| map_caption = Location within Central London
| coordinates = {{coord|51.508888|-0.155129|region:GB-WSM|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code={{postcode|W|1}}
| maint=[[Transport for London]]
| metro_system=Tube
| metro={{ubl|[[Hyde Park Corner tube station|Hyde Park Corner]]|[[Marble Arch tube station|Marble Arch]]}}
| inauguration_date=1741
}}

'''Park Lane''' is a dual carriageway [[road]] in the [[City of Westminster]] in [[Central London]]. It is part of the [[London Inner Ring Road]] and runs from [[Hyde Park Corner]] in the south to [[Marble Arch]] in the north. It separates [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]] to the west from [[Mayfair]] to the east. The road has a number of historically important properties and hotels and has been one of the most sought after streets in London, despite being a major traffic thoroughfare.

The road was originally a simple country lane on the boundary of Hyde Park, separated by a brick wall. Aristocratic properties appeared during the late 18th century, including Breadalbane House, [[Somerset House, Park Lane|Somerset House]], and [[Londonderry House]]. The road grew in popularity during the 19th century after improvements to [[Hyde Park Corner]] and more affordable views of the park, which attracted the [[nouveau riche]] to the street and led to it becoming one of the most fashionable roads to live on in London. Notable residents included the [[Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster|1st Duke of Westminster]]'s residence at [[Grosvenor House]], the [[Duke of Somerset|Dukes of Somerset]] at Somerset House, and the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British prime minister]] [[Benjamin Disraeli]] at No.&nbsp;93. Other historic properties include [[Dorchester House]], [[Brook House (Park Lane)|Brook House]] and [[Dudley House, London|Dudley House]]. In the 20th century, Park Lane became well known for its luxury hotels, particularly [[The Dorchester]], completed in 1931, which became closely associated with eminent writers and international film stars. Flats and shops began appearing on the road, including [[penthouse flat]]s. Several buildings suffered damage during [[World War II]], yet the road still attracted significant development, including the [[Sheraton Grand London Park Lane Hotel|Park Lane Hotel]] and the [[London Hilton on Park Lane]], and several [[sports car]] garages. A number of properties on the road today are owned by some of the wealthiest businessmen from the Middle East and Asia. Past and current residents include the business mogul [[Mohamed Al-Fayed]] and former council leader and Lord Mayor [[Shirley Porter]].

The road has suffered from [[traffic congestion]] since the mid-19th century. Various road enlargement schemes have taken place since then, including a major reconstruction programme in the early 1960s that transformed the road into a three-lane [[dual carriageway]] by removing a {{convert|20|acre|ha|adj=on}} section of Hyde Park. Improved crossings for [[cyclist]]s appeared in the early 21st century. Despite the changes, property prices along the road are still among the highest in London. Its prestigious status has been commemorated by being the second-most expensive property square on the London [[Monopoly (game)|Monopoly]] board.

==Location==
Park Lane is about {{convert|0.7|mi|km}} long, and runs north from [[Hyde Park Corner]] to [[Marble Arch]], along the eastern flank of [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]]. To its east is [[Mayfair]]. The road is a primary route, classified A4202.<ref name=map>{{cite web|url=http://www.az.co.uk/?nid=354&featureid=8590&zoom=3|title=Mayfair (District)|publisher=[[Geographers' A–Z Street Atlas|A-Z]]|access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=buses>{{cite web|url=https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/bus-route-maps/central-london-bus-map.pdf|title=Central London Bus Map|publisher=[[Transport for London]]|access-date=3 July 2015|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705012142/https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/bus-route-maps/central-london-bus-map.pdf|archive-date=5 July 2015}}</ref>

The street is one of the key bus corridors in Central London. It is used by [[London Buses|London bus]] routes [[London Buses route 2|2]], [[London Buses route 6|6]], [[London Buses route 13|13]], [[London Buses route 16|16]], [[London Buses route 23|23]], [[London Buses route 36|36]], [[London Buses route 74|74]], [[London Buses route 137|137]], [[London Buses route 148|148]], [[London Buses route 390|390]]<ref name=buses/> and night bus routes [[London Buses route N2|N2]], [[London Buses route N16|N16]], [[London Buses route N74|N74]] and [[London Buses route N137|N137]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Central London Night Bus Map|publisher=Transport for London|url=https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/bus-route-maps/central-london-night-bus-map.pdf|access-date=3 July 2015|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629031058/https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/bus-route-maps/central-london-night-bus-map.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2015}}</ref> The nearest [[London Underground|tube]] stations are [[Hyde Park Corner tube station|Hyde Park Corner]] on the [[Piccadilly line]] near the street's southern end and [[Marble Arch tube station|Marble Arch]] on the [[Central line (London Underground)|Central line]] near its northern end.<ref name=buses/> At Brook Gate, partway along the road, there is a [[traffic signal]] controlled pedestrian and cycle crossing connecting Hyde Park to London Cycle Route 39, the recommended cycling route from the park to the [[West End of London|West End]].<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www3.westminster.gov.uk/CSU/Cabinet%20Member%20Decisions/Archived%20Decisions/Environment_and_Transport/2008/36-%20London%20Cycle%20Network%20Plus%20Route%2039%20Section%202/Route_39_Cabinet_Member_Report.doc|title=Route 30 Cabinet Member Report|publisher=Westminster City Council|date=23 March 2006|access-date=3 July 2015|page=4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214200833/http://www3.westminster.gov.uk/CSU/Cabinet%20Member%20Decisions/Archived%20Decisions/Environment_and_Transport/2008/36-%20London%20Cycle%20Network%20Plus%20Route%2039%20Section%202/Route_39_Cabinet_Member_Report.doc|archive-date=14 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
===18th century===
[[File:LondonderryHouse.jpg|thumb|left|[[Londonderry House]], 19 Park Lane, {{Circa|1900}}]]
What is now Park Lane was originally a track running along farm boundaries.{{sfn|Moore|2003|p=274}} When [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]] was opened in the 16th century, the lane ran north–south along its eastern boundary from [[Piccadilly]] to [[Marble Arch]].{{sfn|Hibbert|Weinreb|2008|p=624}}

In the 18th century, it was known as Tyburn Lane and was separated from the park by a high wall with few properties along it, aside from a short terrace of houses approximately where Nos.&nbsp;93–99 are now.{{sfn|Hibbert|Weinreb|2008|p=624}} Tyburn Lane took its name from the former [[Tyburn]], a village which had declined in the 14th century. At the end of what is now Park Lane was the [[Tyburn gallows]] (also known as Tyburn Tree), London's primary public place of execution until 1783.{{sfn|Knight|1843|p=263}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hyde Park |first1=Residence |title=park lane's history: from narrow country lane to the height of luxury |url=https://hpr.co.uk/park-lanes-history-from-narrow-country-lane-to-the-height-of-luxury/ |website=Hyde Park Residence |date=18 April 2023 |publisher=Cultureshock |access-date=2 June 2023}}</ref> Author Charles Knight wrote in 1843, that by 1738 "nearly the whole space between Piccadilly and [[Oxford Street]] was covered with buildings as far as Tyburn Lane, except in the south-western corner about [[Berkeley Square]] and Mayfair".{{sfn|Knight|1843|p=263}}

In 1741, the Kensington Turnpike Trust took over its maintenance, as coach traffic caused wear on the road surface.<ref name=bho>{{cite journal|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol40/pt2/pp264-289|title=Park Lane|volume=40|publisher=Survey of London|editor=F H W Sheppard|year=1980|pages=264–289|access-date=1 July 2015}}</ref> Breadalbane House was built on the street in 1776.{{sfn|Hibbert|Weinreb|2008|p=624}} On the corner with [[Oxford Street]], [[Somerset House, Park Lane|Somerset House]] (No. 40), built in 1769–70, was successively the [[townhouse|town house]] of [[Warren Hastings]], a former [[Governor-General of India]], the third [[Earl of Rosebery]], and the [[Duke of Somerset|Dukes of Somerset]].<ref name=bho/> The politician and entrepreneur [[Richard Sharp (politician)|Richard Sharp]], also known as "Conversation Sharp", lived at No.&nbsp;28.{{efn|House numbers have changed twice in Park Lane; first in 1872, then in 1934<ref name=bho/>}}{{sfn|Knapman|2003|p=270}}

In the 1760s, [[Londonderry House]], on the corner of Park Lane and [[Hertford Street]], was bought by the Sixth [[Earl of Holdernesse]]. He purchased the adjacent property and converted the buildings into one mansion known for a period as Holdernesse House.{{sfn|Fleming|2005|p=8}} In 1819, Londonderry House was bought by The Rt. Hon. The 1st Baron Stewart, a British aristocrat, and later, during World War I, the house was used as a military hospital.<ref>{{cite book|title=National Service|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tik5AQAAMAAJ|year=1920|publisher=Military Training Publishing Corporation|page=27}}</ref> After the war, [[Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry|Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh]], and his wife, [[Edith Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Marchioness of Londonderry|Edith Helen Chaplin]], continued to use the house and entertained there extensively. After World War II, the house remained in the possession of the Londonderry family, until it was sold to make way for the 29-storey [[London Hilton on Park Lane|London Hilton]], which opened on Park Lane in 1963.{{sfn|Binder|2006|p=9}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/9345238/The-Marquess-of-Londonderry.html|title=Obituary : The Marquess of Londonderry|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=20 June 2012|access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|Hibbert|Weinreb|2008|p=545}}

===19th century===
[[File:Grosvenor House facade.jpg|thumb|left|The facade to [[Grosvenor House]] viewed from Park Lane in the early 19th century. The [[Grosvenor House Hotel]] now occupies this location.]]
The street was not particularly significant until 1820, when [[Decimus Burton]] constructed [[Hyde Park Corner]] at the lane's southern end, coinciding with [[Benjamin Dean Wyatt]]'s reconstruction of Londonderry House and [[Apsley House]].{{sfn|Hibbert|Weinreb|2008|p=624}}<ref name=bho/>
At the same time, the entrances to Hyde Park at Stanhope, Grosvenor, and Cumberland Gates were refurbished, and the park's boundary wall was replaced with iron railings. Park Lane subsequently became an in-demand residential address, offering views across Hyde Park and a position at the most fashionable western edge of London.{{sfn|Hibbert|Weinreb|2008|p=624}} No.&nbsp;93, at the junction of Park Lane and [[Upper Grosvenor Street]], was built between 1823 and 1825 by [[Samuel Baxter]]. The [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British prime minister]] [[Benjamin Disraeli]] lived at the house from 1839 to 1872. In 1845, a house on Park Lane was advertised as "one of the most recherché in London".<ref name=bho/>

[[File:Montefiore blue plaque.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|A [[blue plaque]] at 90&nbsp;Park Lane, marking the residence of [[Moses Montefiore]], who lived there for over 60 years]]
Much of the land to the east of Park Lane was owned by the Grosvenor Estate, whose policy was to construct large family homes attracting the [[nouveau riche]] to the area.{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2006|p=149}} The road became lined with some of the largest privately owned mansions in London, including the [[Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster|Duke of Westminster]]'s [[Grosvenor House]] (replaced by the [[Grosvenor House Hotel]]) and the Holford family's [[Dorchester House]] (demolished in 1929 and replaced in 1931 with [[The Dorchester]]) and the [[Marquess of Londonderry]]'s Londonderry House.<ref name=bho/> The philanthropist [[Moses Montefiore]] lived at No.&nbsp;90 for over 60 years, and a [[blue plaque]] marks its location.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://openplaques.org/plaques/2781|title=Moses Montefiore blue plaque|publisher=Open Plaques|access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref>

[[Brook House (Park Lane)|Brook House]], at No.&nbsp;113 Park Lane, was built in 1870 by T. H. Wyatt.{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2006|p=149}} It later became the residence of [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Lord Louis Mountbatten]] and his wife [[Edwina Mountbatten, Countess Mountbatten of Burma|Edwina]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/historybookreviews/9712754/Daughter-of-Empire-by-Pamela-Hicks-review.html|title=Daughter of Empire by Pamela Hicks:review|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=4 December 2012|access-date=1 July 2015}}</ref> [[Aldford House]] was constructed in 1897 for the South African diamond millionaire [[Alfred Beit|Sir Alfred Beit]].{{sfn|Sutcliffe|2006|p=149}} Another diamond mining magnate, [[Sir Joseph Robinson, 1st Baronet|Sir Joseph Robinson]] owned and lived at [[Dudley House, London|Dudley House]] at No.&nbsp;100.{{sfn|Colby|1967|p=107}}

===20th century===
[[File:Buildings at the north end of Park Lane, W1 - geograph.org.uk - 1521219.jpg|thumb|left|Buildings at the north end of Park Lane]]
The character of Park Lane evolved from its prestigious reputation in the early 20th century, as residents began to complain about motor traffic and the noise from buses. The first [[Apartment|flats]] were built at Nos.&nbsp;139–140 in 1915 despite local opposition, with shops following soon afterwards. However, buildings were redeveloped to allow [[penthouse flat]]s, which became popular.<ref name=bho/> The politician and art collector [[Philip Sassoon]] lived at No.&nbsp;25 in the 1920s and 1930s and held an extensive collection of objects at his house.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sothebys.com/fr/auctions/ecatalogue/lot.pdf.L15318.html/f/113/L15318-113.pdf|title=Lot 15318 : A Mansion – A Private Collection|publisher=Sothebys|date=28 April 2015|access-date=1 July 2015|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924151646/http://www.sothebys.com/fr/auctions/ecatalogue/lot.pdf.L15318.html/f/113/L15318-113.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dancing partners [[Fred Astaire|Fred]] and [[Adele Astaire]] moved into a penthouse flat at No.&nbsp;41 in 1923, and stayed there during their theatrical appearances at London's [[West End of London|West End]]. The couple were courted by the social scene in London and enjoyed dancing at Grosvenor House.{{sfn|Riley|2012|pp=80, 86}} American film star [[Douglas Fairbanks Jr.]] resided at No.&nbsp;99 when working in England in the 1930s.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.metro.news/property-hollywood-history-meets-mayfair-style-as-we-tour-douglas-fairbanks-jrs-former-pad/1470242/|title=Property: Hollywood history meets Mayfair style as we tour Douglas Fairbanks Jr's former pad|work=Metro|date=11 March 2019|access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref> The black market fraudster [[Sidney Stanley]] lived on Park Lane in the 1940s, and became known as "the Pole of Park Lane".{{sfn|Murphy|2003|p=68}}

[[File:The_Dorchester_Hotel_in_London_Mayfair,_England_United_Kingdom_(4579989922).jpg|thumb|[[The Dorchester]] opened in 1931 and retains its [[Art Deco]] style.]]

The [[Marriott London Park Lane]], at No.&nbsp;140 Park Lane, opened in 1919.{{sfn|Fodor's|2014|p=403}} The site was once occupied by [[Somerset House, Park Lane|Somerset House]] and Camelford House. The site also includes No.&nbsp;138 Park Lane, which was featured as a [[British Home Guard|Home Guard]] headquarters in the film ''[[The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]''. The [[Sheraton Grand London Park Lane Hotel|Park Lane Hotel]] was built in 1927, designed by the architects [[Adie, Button and Partners]]. Despite its name, its postal address is on Piccadilly and it overlooks [[Green Park]] rather than Hyde Park.{{sfn|Hibbert|Weinreb|2008|p=625}}

[[The Dorchester]], designed by Sir [[Owen Williams (engineer)|Owen Williams]], opened on Park Lane in 1931. With the development of the hotel, concerns were raised that Park Lane would soon become [[New York City]]'s [[Fifth Avenue]].{{sfn|Weightman|Humphries|2007|p=113}} The Dorchester quickly gained a reputation as a luxury hotel and one of the most prestigious buildings on the road.{{sfn|Richardson|1997|pp=41–42}} During the 1930s it became known as a haunt of numerous writers and artists, such as poet [[Cecil Day-Lewis]], novelist [[Somerset Maugham]], and painter Sir [[Alfred Munnings]], and it became known for its distinguished literary gatherings, including "Foyles Literary Luncheons", an event the hotel still hosts.<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=http://www.thedorchester.com/the-dorchester-history|title=History of The Dorchester|publisher=The Dorchester|access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Bookseller|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_rcqAQAAIAAJ|access-date=2 July 2015|year=1978|publisher=J. Whitaker|page=3078}}</ref>{{Sfn|Rennison|2007|p=37}} From World War II onwards, the hotel and Park Lane became renowned for accommodating numerous international film stars, and it was closely associated with [[Elizabeth Taylor]] and [[Richard Burton]] in the 1960s and 1970s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/For+stars+hotel%3b+She+is+the+grand+old+lady+of+London+hotels+and+a...-a0329333439|author=McComb, Richard|title=For Stars Hotel; She Is the Grand Old Lady of London Hotels and a Favourite of the Rich and Famous|newspaper=Birmingham Mail|publisher=Birmingham Post & Mail|via =[[TheFreeLibrary]] |date=11 May 2013|access-date=24 October 2023}}</ref>

During World War II, several properties on Park Lane were hit by bombs. [[Dudley House, London|Dudley House]], at No.&nbsp;100, suffered major structural damage, including the destruction of the ballroom and gallery, though the building was partially restored.<ref name=bho/> However, the strength of construction of the Dorchester Hotel gave it the reputation of being one of London's safest buildings,{{sfn|Russell|1988}} and it was a safe haven for numerous luminaries. General [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] took a suite on the first floor in 1942, and later made it his headquarters.{{sfn|Stafford|2010|p=25}}

The [[British Iron and Steel Research Association]], an institution responsible for much of the automation of modern steelmaking,  was originally established at No.&nbsp;11 Park Lane in June 1944.{{sfn|Hodgson|1962|p=149}} It has since moved to No.&nbsp;24 Buckingham Gate. The [[contact lens]] pioneer [[Keith Clifford Hall]] held a practice at No.&nbsp;139, later expanding to No&nbsp;140, from 1945 to 1964. The site of his practice is now commemorated by a green heritage plaque.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college-optometrists.org/en/college/museyeum/online_exhibitions/contact_lenses/pioneers.cfm|title=Pioneers map|publisher=College of Optometrists|access-date=2 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702203319/http://www.college-optometrists.org/en/college/museyeum/online_exhibitions/contact_lenses/pioneers.cfm|archive-date=2 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film and stage actress [[Anna Neagle]] lived at Alford House on Park Lane between 1950 and 1964 with her husband [[Herbert Wilcox]]; the location of which is now marked with a green heritage plaque.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www3.westminster.gov.uk/CSU/Cabinet%20Member%20Decisions/Built_Environment/2011-12/Post%2010%20May%202011/24%20-%20Westminster%20Green%20Plaque%20Scheme%20Review%20of%20Criteria%20and%20Funding/Cabinet%20Member%20Rpt%2012%20Jan%202012.pdf|title=Westminster Green Plaques Scheme – review of criteria and funding|page=20|publisher=City of Westminster Council|date=12 January 2012|access-date=2 July 2015|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703053153/http://www3.westminster.gov.uk/CSU/Cabinet%20Member%20Decisions/Built_Environment/2011-12/Post%2010%20May%202011/24%20-%20Westminster%20Green%20Plaque%20Scheme%20Review%20of%20Criteria%20and%20Funding/Cabinet%20Member%20Rpt%2012%20Jan%202012.pdf|archive-date=3 July 2015}}</ref> The hotel trade continued to prosper; construction of the [[London Hilton on Park Lane]] at 22 Park Lane began in 1960 and opened in 1963 at a construction cost of £8m (now £{{Inflation|UK|8000000|1963|r=-6|fmt=c}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parklanehilton.com/50thAnniversary|title=50th Anniversary|publisher=London Hilton on Park Lane|access-date=1 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702001915/http://www.parklanehilton.com/50thAnniversary|archive-date=2 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 5 September 1975, a [[Provisional IRA]] bomb exploded at the hotel, killing two people and injuring over 60. The blast also damaged neighbouring properties.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/5/newsid_2499000/2499203.stm|title=On this day – London hotel bombed|work=BBC News|access-date=1 July 2015}}</ref>

At the south end of Park Lane, on the west side, gates in honour of [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]] (widow of [[George VI]]) were erected in 1993. The gates were designed by Giuseppe Lund and David Wynne and bear motifs in an interpretation of her coat of arms.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TTdJ_fQ3GVYC&q=%22park+lane%22+%22queen+mother%22&pg=PA145|title=London|page=145|publisher=Lonely Planet|first1=Tom|last1=Masters|first2=Steve|last2=Fallon|first3=Vesna|last3= Maric|year=2010|isbn=978-1-742-20400-0}}</ref>

===21st century===
[[File:Animals In War Memorial - Park Lane - geograph.org.uk - 1325854.jpg|thumb|The [[Animals in War Memorial]] was erected at the northeast side of Park Lane in 2004.]]
The [[Animals in War Memorial]] was opened at the northeast edge of Park Lane in 2004 by [[Anne, Princess Royal]]. It commemorates animals that served in wars, and alongside servicemen.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4037873.stm|title=Animal war heroes statue unveiled|work=BBC News|date=24 November 2004|access-date=1 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=New animal war memorial unveiled|author=Philips, Carol|publisher=[[Horse & Hound]] Magazine|url=http://www.horseandhound.co.uk/news/397/59397.html|date=24 November 2004|access-date=6 November 2008|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604012721/http://www.horseandhound.co.uk/news/397/59397.html|archive-date=4 June 2008}}</ref> In June 2007, a [[2007 London car bombs|car bomb]] was successfully defused in an underground car park on Park Lane. The road was closed for most of the day for police investigation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6255960.stm|title=Two car bombs found in West End|work=BBC News|date=29 June 2007|access-date=1 July 2015}}</ref>

The road still attracts notable residents. In 2002, [[Robert B. Sherman]], composer of the musicals ''[[Chitty the Musical|Chitty Chitty Bang Bang]]'' and ''[[Mary Poppins (film)|Mary Poppins]]'', moved to an apartment on Park Lane following the death of his wife. He enjoyed the views of Hyde Park and in 2003 painted an eponymous portrait, ''Park Lane''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Moose|first=Robert B|last=Sherman|pages=342, 435|chapter=Observations from Hyde Park|publisher=AuthorHouse|year=2013|isbn=978-1-491-88365-5}}</ref> The business mogul [[Mohamed Al-Fayed]] has offices in 55 and 60 Park Lane.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/al-fayed-firm-faces-tax-inquiry-1353910.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/al-fayed-firm-faces-tax-inquiry-1353910.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Al Fayed firm faces tax inquiry|first=Chris|last=Blackhurst|newspaper=The Independent|date=24 November 1996|access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref> [[Trevor Rees-Jones (bodyguard)|Trevor Rees-Jones]], the only survivor of the [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|car crash]] that killed al-Fayed's son [[Dodi Fayed]] and [[Diana, Princess of Wales]] in 1997, briefly recuperated in a flat on Park Lane following the accident.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/diana-inquiry-inside-the-mind-of-alfayed-428841.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/diana-inquiry-inside-the-mind-of-alfayed-428841.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Diana inquiry: Inside the mind of al-Fayed|newspaper=The Independent|date=17 December 2006|access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref>

Property prices on Park Lane remain some of the highest in London. In 2006, former [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] leader of [[Westminster City Council]], [[Shirley Porter|Dame Shirley Porter]] moved into a new £1.5m development on Curzon Square after twelve years of exile in Israel.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/after-12-years-dame-shirley-is-back-in-westminster-411001.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/after-12-years-dame-shirley-is-back-in-westminster-411001.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=After 12 years, Dame Shirley is back in Westminster|first=Guy|last=Adams|newspaper=The Independent|date=8 August 2006|access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref> In 2015, a report showed the average monthly rent for a 2-bedroom apartment on the road was £5,200.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/583893/Monopoly-huge-rise-property-prices|title=Monopoly board charts the huge rise in property prices|newspaper=Daily Express|first=Tony|last=Brooks|date=11 June 2015|access-date=1 July 2015}}</ref> [[Homelessness|Rough sleepers]] also made use of the road's surroundings from at least 2012, with large [[begging]] gangs or other homeless groups sleeping in subways or covered shopping parades despite occasionally being cleared or moved on by police.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Romanians are sleeping rough again in Park Lane|last=Churchill|first=David|date=14 July 2014|work=[[London Evening Standard]]|page=9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Rough sleepers return to Park Lane|last=Pettit|first=John|date=22 August 2014|work=London Evening Standard|page=8}}</ref>

Many of the hotels and establishments on Park Lane are today owned by some of the wealthiest Middle Eastern and Asian businessmen, sheikhs and sultans. The Dorchester was purchased by the [[Sultan of Brunei]] in 1985,{{sfn|O'Loughlin|1996|p=26}} and since 1996 has been part of the [[Dorchester Collection]], owned by the [[Brunei Investment Agency]] (BIA), an arm of the Ministry of Finance of Brunei. The Dorchester Collection connects The Dorchester on Park Lane to other luxury hotels internationally, including [[The Beverly Hills Hotel]] and [[Hotel Bel-Air]] of Los Angeles, and the [[Hôtel Meurice]] of Paris.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2014/07/beverly-hill-hotel-celebrity-boycott-sultan-of-brunei|title=The Beverly Hills Hotel Celebrity Boycott—Who Is It Really Hurting?|magazine=Vanity Fair|date=16 July 2014|access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref> In 1978, a new branch of the [[Allied Arab Bank]] opened at 131–2 Park Lane,<ref>{{cite book|title=Middle East Economic Digest 1978|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8lxp-cGtsVEC|year=1978|page=18}}</ref> facilitating the interests of both Arab world and western clients.<ref>{{cite book|title=Middle East Annual Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sdjsAAAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Middle East Review.|pages=178–182|isbn = 9780904439175}}</ref> ''Mamasino'' restaurant at 102 Park Lane serves African cuisine and is African-owned.<ref>{{cite book|title=Directory of African Businesses & Organisations in the UK.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sYCRAAAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Adonis & Abbey Publishers Limited|isbn = 9781905068784}}</ref> [[Wolfgang Puck]]'s restaurant at No.&nbsp;45 has been described by ''[[GQ Magazine]]'' as serving one of the best breakfasts in London, with a mixture of American, European and Asian food.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/entertainment/articles/2015-06/25/best-breakfast-in-london-breakfast-ideas|title=Where to get the best breakfasts in London|journal=GQ|date=25 June 2015|access-date=3 July 2015}}</ref>

==Traffic==
[[File:Park Lane, W1 - geograph.org.uk - 843250.jpg|thumb|left|Park Lane was remodelled between 1960 and 1963, including re-routing traffic closer to [[Apsley House]].]]
Owing to property on the road becoming more desirable, traffic began to increase on Park Lane during the 19th century. A short section of the lane was widened in 1851 as part of the redevelopment work on Marble Arch.{{sfn|Hibbert|Weinreb|2008|p=624}} In July 1866, following the destruction of the boundary railings after a demonstration supporting the [[Second Reform Bill]], the road was widened as far as Stanhope Gate. In 1871, Hamilton Place was widened to allow an alternative traffic flow to Piccadilly.{{sfn|Hibbert|Weinreb|2008|p=625}}

[[File:Park Lane Road sign.jpg|thumb|Park Lane in 2007, when the road was a free through route through the [[London congestion charge]] zone]]

{{anchor|Park Lane Improvement Act 1958}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title           = Park Lane Improvement Act 1958
| type                  = Act
| parliament            = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title            = An Act to authorise the London County Council to carry out certain street improvements in the vicinity of Park Lane partly on lands comprised in Hyde Park and the Green Park and partly on other lands; and for purposes connected therewith.
| year                  = 1958
| citation              = [[6 & 7 Eliz. 2]]. c. 63
| introduced_commons    = 
| introduced_lords      = 
| territorial_extent    = 
| royal_assent          = 1 August 1958
| commencement          = 
| expiry_date           = 
| repeal_date           = 
| amends                = 
| replaces              = 
| amendments            = 
| repealing_legislation = 
| related_legislation   = 
| status                = 
| legislation_history   = 
| theyworkforyou        = 
| millbankhansard       = 
| original_text         = 
| revised_text          = 
| use_new_UK-LEG        = 
| UK-LEG_title          = 
| collapsed             = yes
}}
By the 1950s, motor traffic levels along Park Lane had reached saturation point. A 1956 survey by the [[Metropolitan Police]] reported "at peak hours it is overloaded", with traffic surveys showing 91,000 and 65,000 vehicles travelling around Hyde Park Corner and Marble Arch respectively in a twelve-hour period, making Park Lane the link between the busiest and third busiest road junctions in London.<ref name=plib/> Between 1960 and 1963, the road was widened to three lanes each way either side of a central reservation.{{sfn|Hibbert|Weinreb|2008|p=625}} This required the demolition of Nos.&nbsp;145–148 Piccadilly, near Hyde Park Corner, which had previously formed a line east of Apsley House.<ref name=bho/><ref name=plib/> The work also re-appropriated East Carriage Drive inside Hyde Park as the northbound carriageway, moving the park's boundary westwards.<ref name=plib/> Additionally, a car park was installed under the road, which became the largest underground parking area in London.{{sfn|Moore|2003|p=275}} Despite the claims to preserve as much of the park as possible during the widening works; around {{convert|20|acre|ha}} of park was removed and around 95 trees were felled.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1962/nov/22/royal-parks#S5CV0667P0_19621122_HOC_514|title=Royal Parks|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]|date=22 November 1962|access-date=3 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1958/jun/11/park-lane-improvement-scheme#S5LV0209P0_19580611_HOL_15|title=Park Lane Improvement Scheme|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]|date=11 June 1958|access-date=1 July 2015}}</ref> At the time of opening, the project was the largest road widening scheme in Central London since the construction of [[Kingsway, London|Kingsway]] in 1905.<ref name=plib>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1957/dec/11/park-lane-improvement-bill#S5CV0579P0_19571211_HOC_408|title=Park Lane Improvement Bill|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]|date=11 December 1957|access-date=1 July 2015}}</ref> The total estimated cost was £1,152,000 (now £{{Inflation|UK|1152000|1963|r=-4|fmt=c}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1961/jun/08/major-road-projects#S5CV0641P0_19610608_CWA_86|title=Major Road Projects|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]|date=8 June 1961|access-date=1 July 2015}}</ref> Further [[traffic signal]]s were installed at the junction of Park Lane and Hyde Park corner in 1983.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1983/mar/18/traffic-lights-hyde-park-corner#S6CV0039P0_19830318_CWA_5|title=Traffigh Lights (Hyde Park Corner)|date=18 March 1983|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]|access-date=3 July 2015}}</ref>

The road forms part of the [[London Inner Ring Road]] and is part of the [[London congestion charge]] zone's boundary. When the zone was extended westward in February 2007, Park Lane was designated as one of the "free through routes", on which vehicles could cross the zone during its hours of operation without paying the charge.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/central-london-congestion-charging-impacts-monitoring-sixth-annual-report.pdf|title=Central London Congestion Charging|publisher=Transport for London|page=9|date=July 2008|access-date=1 July 2015}}</ref> The western extension was removed in January 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2011/june/tfl-announces-initial-results-following-removal-of-the-western-extension-of-the-congestion-charging-zone|title=TfL announces initial results following removal of the Western Extension of the Congestion Charging Zone|publisher=Transport for London|date=3 June 2011|access-date=1 July 2015}}</ref>

In November 2008, the [[mayor of London]], [[Boris Johnson]] announced plans to build a tunnel beneath the street, allowing land to be released for development and green spaces.<ref>{{cite web|title=Way To Go!: Planning for better transport|author=Greater London Authority|author-link=Greater London Authority|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/publications/2008/docs/way-to-go.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710221447/http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/publications/2008/docs/way-to-go.pdf|archive-date=10 July 2009|date=November 2008|access-date=6 November 2008}}</ref> The traffic improvements and remodelling have diminished the appeal of Park Lane as a residential address since it became one of the busiest and noisiest roads in central London. In 2011, Johnson introduced spot fines for coaches idling on Park Lane.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/motorists-face-20-fines-for-leaving-engines-idling-while-stationary-in-west-end-10127609.html|title=Motorists face £20 fines for leaving engines idle while stationary in West End|newspaper=London Evening Standard|date=23 March 2015|access-date=1 July 2015}}</ref> The widening of the road distanced the houses on the east side of Park Lane from Hyde Park itself, access to which is now by underpass.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/we-cant-find-work-and-want-to-go-home-say-romanians-back-sleeping-rough-at-park-lane-9604598.html|title=We can't find work and want to go home, say Romanians back sleeping rough at Park Lane|newspaper=London Evening Standard|date=14 July 2014|access-date=1 July 2015}}</ref> Despite the traffic noise the road is still upmarket, featuring five-star hotels (such as The Dorchester, the Grosvenor House Hotel and the [[InterContinental London Park Lane Hotel]]) and showrooms for several [[sports car]] models, including [[BMW]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/classiccars/8064947/BMW-Classics-on-display-at-Park-Lane.html|title=BMW Classics on display at Park Lane|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|first=Chris|last=Knapman|date=15 October 2010|access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref> [[Aston Martin]] and [[Mercedes-Benz]].{{sfn|Moore|2003|p=275}}

==Cultural references==
[[File:Monopoly expensive squares.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|On a British ''[[Monopoly (game)|Monopoly]]'' board, Park Lane is the second most expensive property square, after [[Mayfair]].]]

Park Lane is the second most valuable property in the London edition of the [[board game]] ''[[Monopoly (game)|Monopoly]]''. The street had a prestigious social status when the British version of the ''Monopoly'' board was first produced, in 1936. On the board, Park Lane forms a pair with [[Mayfair]], the most expensive property in the game. The squares were designed to be equivalents of Park Place and Boardwalk, respectively, on the original board, which used streets in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]].{{sfn|Wharton|2001|p=92}} In 1988, the World Monopoly Championships were held at the Park Lane Hotel, sponsored by [[Waddingtons]], manufacturers of the British version.{{sfn|Watson|2008|p=86}} Since the game's original production, prices on the real Park Lane have held their value, though average rent costs have been overtaken by [[Bond Street]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cityam.com/217730/london-house-prices-how-would-monopoly-board-look-2015-london-rents-keep-rising |title=London house prices: As rents keep rising, here's how the Monopoly board looks in 2015 |work=City AM |date=11 June 2015 |access-date=1 July 2015}}</ref>

In [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]'s short story "[[The Adventure of the Empty House]]" (1903), [[Sherlock Holmes]] investigates and solves a [[locked-room murder]] which took place at No. 427 Park Lane (the old numbering), and which is referred to as the "Park Lane Mystery". The story is set in 1894.{{sfn|Wheeler|2011|p=161}}<ref>{{cite book |author=John Christopher |title=The London of Sherlock Holmes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DFaoAwAAQBAJ |date=15 July 2012 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |page=51 |isbn=978-1-4456-1568-4}}</ref> The writer [[Jasper Fforde]] refers to the street and its ''Monopoly'' square in his novel ''[[The Eyre Affair]]'' (2001), via the character [[Landen Parke-Laine]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jasperfforde.com/compwinners.html |title=Competition Winners |publisher=Jasper Fforde |access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref>{{efn|Readers of Fforde's novels have claimed the character is a [[bowlderisation]] of either "land on (as in playing ''Monopoly'') Park Lane" or "London, Park Lane"}}

The street has several mentions in [[John Galsworthy]]'s 1922 trilogy, ''[[The Forsyte Saga]]''. The [[The Forsyte Saga (1967 TV series)|1967 BBC television adaptation]] used [[Croxteth Hall]] in [[Liverpool]] for footage of James and Emily's house on Park Lane.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/masterpiece/forsyte/notes.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031219094556/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/masterpiece/forsyte/notes.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 December 2003 |title=The Forsyte Saga |work=Masterpiece Theatre |publisher=CBS |access-date=6 July 2015}}</ref>  The road is mentioned in the second stanza of [[Noël Coward]]'s patriotic song "[[London Pride (song)|London Pride]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/london-pride-mt0035012965/lyrics |title=London Pride -Noël Coward – lyrics |website=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref>

In [[George Orwell]]'s '' [[Coming Up for Air]]'' (1939) several conservative and imperialist politicians are derogatively referred to as "the Park Lane riff-raff".<ref>{{cite book |first=George |last=Orwell |author-link=George Orwell |title=[[Coming Up for Air (book)|Coming Up for Air]] |date=1939 |page=45}}</ref>

The [[Mini Countryman|Mini Countryman Park Lane]] is a high-end [[four wheel drive]] [[Mini sport utility vehicle|sport utility vehicle]] named after the road, where the company has a showroom.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.carbuyer.co.uk/news/147307/mini-launches-4x4-countryman-park-lane |title=MINI launches 4x4 Countryman Park Lane |work=Car Buyer |date=2 March 2015 |access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref> In [[Walter Lord]]'s book ''[[A Night to Remember (book)|A Night to Remember]]'', which documents the fate of the [[Titanic|RMS ''Titanic'']], a broad, lower-deck working corridor on E Deck, which ran the length of the ship, was referred to by officers as "Park Lane" (and by crew as "[[Scotland Road]]").<ref>{{cite book |first=Walter |last=Lord |author-link=Walter Lord |title=[[A Night to Remember (book)|A Night to Remember]] |date=1955 |chapter=2}}</ref>

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{notelist}}
'''Citations'''
{{reflist}}
'''Sources'''

{{refbegin|30em}}
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*{{cite book|last=Colby|first=Reginald|title=Mayfair: a town within London|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2IDAAAAMAAJ|year=1967|publisher=A. S. Barnes}}
*{{cite book|last=Fleming|first=N. C.|title=The Marquess of Londonderry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pDT7MKDYARIC&pg=PA8|date=22 July 2005|publisher=I. B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-85043-726-0}}
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*{{cite book|last=Hodgson|title=Industrial Research in Britain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yes3AQAAIAAJ|year=1962|publisher=F. Hodgson}}
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*{{cite book|last=Knight|first=Charles|title=London|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OjgQAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA263|year=1843|publisher=C. Knight & Company}}
*{{cite book|last=Moore|first=Tim|title=Do Not Pass Go|publisher=Vintage|year=2003|isbn=978-0-099-43386-6}}
*{{cite book|last=Murphy|first=Robert|title=Realism and Tinsel: Cinema and Society in Britain 1939–48|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xtGIAgAAQBAJ|date=2 September 2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-90150-0}}
*{{cite book|last=O'Loughlin|first=John Vianney|title=Social Polarization in Post-industrial Metropolises|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=udyriDoGod8C&pg=PA26|date=1 January 1996|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-013728-6}}
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* {{cite book|last= Richardson |first=Bruce |title=The Great Tea Rooms of Britain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQJKQ_CHJ10C&pg=PA41|date=1 January 1997|publisher=BENJAMIN PRESS|isbn=978-1-889937-09-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Riley|first=Kathleen|title=The Astaires: Fred & Adele|url=https://archive.org/details/astairesfredadel00rile|url-access=registration|date=1 February 2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-991307-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Russell|first=Iain F.|title=Sir Robert McAlpine and Sons: The Early Years|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N0ybPQAACAAJ|date=1 April 1988|publisher=CRC Press LLC|isbn=978-1-85070-191-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Stafford|first=David|title=Ten Days To D-Day: Countdown to the Liberation of Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Hf9hffqEfYC&pg=PT25|date=2 September 2010|publisher=Little, Brown Book Group|isbn=978-0-7481-2229-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Sutcliffe|first=Anthony|title=London: An Architectural History|url=https://archive.org/details/londonarchitectu0000sutc|url-access=registration|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-300-11006-7}}
*{{cite book|last=Watson|first=Victor|title=The Waddingtons Story: From the early days to Monopoly, the Maxwell bids and into the next|publisher=Jeremy Mills Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-906-60036-5}}
* {{cite book|last1=Weightman|first1=Gavin|last2=Humphries|first2=Stephen|title=The Making of Modern London|url=https://archive.org/details/makingofmodernlo0000weig|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/makingofmodernlo0000weig/page/113 113]|year=2007|publisher=Ebury Press|isbn=978-0-09-192004-3}}
*{{cite book|last=Wharton|first=Annabel Jane|title=Building the Cold War: Hilton International Hotels and Modern Architecture|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2001|isbn=978-0-226-89419-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Wheeler|first=Thomas Bruce|title=The London of Sherlock Holmes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gui6BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT161|date=27 September 2011|publisher=Andrews UK Limited|isbn=978-1-78092-211-9}} 
{{refend}}

{{Commons category|Park Lane (road)|Park Lane}}
{{London landmarks}}
{{GB A road zone 4}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Park Lane, London}}
[[Category:Mayfair]]
[[Category:Streets in the City of Westminster]]