View source for Parti rouge

{{other uses|Red Party (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = {{Lang|fr|Parti rouge|italic=no}}
| native_name      = 
| logo             = File:Red flag.svg
| logo_size        = 200px
| leader           = 
| president        = 
| spokesperson     = 
| foundation       = {{Start date|1847}}
| dissolution      = {{End date|1867|7|1}}
| merger           = 
| merged           = [[Liberal Party of Canada]]
| split            = 
| headquarters     = [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]
| ideology         = [[Radicalism (historical)|Radicalism]]<br />[[Anti-clericalism]]
| position         = 
| predecessor      = {{Lang|fr|[[Parti canadien]]}}
| successor        = 
| international    = 
| membership       = 
| membership_year  = 
| colours          = [[Red]]
| colorcode        = {{Canadian party colour|QC|Liberal}}
| blank1_title     = Policies
| blank1           = 
| seats1_title     = Seats in the [[National Assembly of Quebec|National Assembly]]
| seats1           = 
| website          = 
| country          = Canada
| state            = Quebec
| footnotes        = 
}}
The '''{{Lang|fr|Parti rouge|italic=no}}''' ({{IPA|fr|paʁti ʁuʒ}}, "Red Party"; or {{langx|fr|Parti démocratique}} {{IPA|fr|paʁti demɔkʁatik|}}, "Democratic Party") was a political group that contested elections in the [[Canada East|Eastern section]] of the [[Province of Canada]].<ref name="Brief History of Canada book">{{cite book|last1=Riendeau|first1=Roger|title=A Brief History of Canada|date=2007|publisher=Infobase Publishing|pages=167–168|isbn=9781438108223|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CFWy0EfzlX0C|access-date=9 October 2017}}</ref> It was formed around 1847 by radical [[French-Canadian]]s; the party was inspired by the ideas of [[Louis-Joseph Papineau]], the ''[[Institut canadien de Montréal]]'', and the reformist movement led by the {{Lang|fr|[[Parti patriote]]|italic=no}} of the 1830s.

The Red Party did not experience electoral success in the same manner as the [[Parti bleu|Blue Party]], their electoral rivals in Canada East. Because of their anti-clerical beliefs, the Red Party was condemned by the [[Catholic Church]], contributing to their lack of electoral success.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Raymond B. Blake |author-link1=Raymond B. Blake |author2=Jeffrey Keshen |author3=Norman J. Knowles  |author4=Barbara J. Messamore|title=Conflict and Compromise: Pre-Confederation Canada|date=2017|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|isbn=9781442635531|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4kwDwAAQBAJ|access-date=27 January 2018}}</ref> The party did form government as part of a coalition with the [[Clear Grits]] and Liberals from Canada West on some occasions before confederation; however, it never held a majority in their section of the province.<ref name="Cornell">{{cite book|last1=Cornell|first1=Paul|title=The Alignment of Political Groups in Canada, 1841-1867|url=https://archive.org/details/alignmentofpolit0000corn|url-access=registration|date=1962|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto}}</ref>  After [[Canadian Confederation|Confederation]], the party was dissolved, with members forming the [[Liberal Party of Canada]] at the federal level, and the [[Liberal Party of Quebec]] at the provincial level.

==History==
The party was a successor to the {{Lang|fr|[[Parti patriote]]|italic=no}}, a radical political movement in [[Lower Canada]] responsible for the [[rebellions of 1837–1838]]. The reformist rouges did not believe that the 1840 [[Act of Union (1840)|Act of Union]] had truly granted a [[responsible government]] to former Upper and Lower Canada. They advocated important [[democracy|democratic]] reforms, [[republic]]anism, and secularism (separation of the state and the church). They were perceived as [[anti-clericalism|anti-clerical]] and radical by their political adversaries. Some of its members desired the abolition of the semi-[[feudal]] [[Seigneurial system of New France|seigneurial system]] of land ownership, although Papineau was himself a seigneur and a vocal defender of the traditional system, which he wanted reformed, not abolished.

The elected rouges typically allied with the [[Clear Grits]] in the [[Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada|legislature]] of the [[Province of Canada]]. The party primarily sat in opposition to the Liberal-Conservative-Bleu government that governed the province for most of the period between the fall of the reform movement and confederation. However, the rouges did form government with the Clear Grits once, after the fall of the Macdonald-Cartier ministry on a vote of non-confidence.<ref name="Careless">{{cite book|last1=Careless|first1=JMS|title=The Union of the Canadas|url=https://archive.org/details/unionofcanadaoxf00jmsc|url-access=registration|date=1967|publisher=McClelland and Stewart Ltd|location=Toronto|isbn=9780771019128 }}</ref> This resulted in the shortest-lived government in Canadian history, falling four days after it was called by the Governor-General. After Confederation, its more moderate members (notably including Sir [[Wilfrid Laurier]], who would become Canada's first francophone Prime Minister) formed what became the [[Liberal Party of Canada]] in conjunction with their Upper Canadian Clear Grit allies.

== Ideology ==
The {{Lang|fr|Parti rouge|italic=no}} opposed the union of [[Upper Canada]] and [[Lower Canada]] into the United [[Province of Canada]], and demanded its termination. When talks for [[Canadian Confederation]] began, its members either opposed the idea, or suggested a decentralized confederation. Some elements of the party advocated for full sovereignty, or joining with the United States, for the French-speaking part of Canada.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Michael J. Goodspeed|title=How Different It Was: Canadians at the Time of Confederation|date=2017|publisher=Dundurn|page=94|isbn=9781459736955|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gRyvDAAAQBAJ|access-date=27 January 2018}}</ref> They were opposed to the [[ultramontane]] politics of the [[Catholic]] [[clergy]] of [[Quebec]] and the [[Parti bleu]].

=== Manifestos ===
The Red Party published the following manifestos:
* ''Manifeste du Comité constitutionnel de la réforme et du progrès'', 1847 ([[s:fr:Manifeste du Comité constitutionnel de la réforme et du progrès|online]])
* ''Manifeste du Club national démocratique'', 1849 ([[s:fr:Manifeste du Club national démocratique|online]])

==See also==
<!-- New links in alphabetical order please -->
*[[Canada]]
*[[Contributions to liberal theory]]
*[[Institut canadien de Montréal]]
*[[Liberal democracy]]
*[[Liberalism]]
*[[Liberalism in Canada]]
*[[Liberalism worldwide]]
*[[List of liberal parties]]
*[[Parti canadien]] - political party in Lower Canada, with similar ideological positions
*[[Politics of Quebec]]

==References==
<references />

===Additional references ===
* "[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/parti-rouge {{Lang|fr|Parti rouge|italic=no}}]", in ''The Canadian Encyclopedia''. Historica Foundation, 2008
* Claude Bélanger, "[http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/readings/PartiRougeParty.html Parti Rouge]", in ''The Quebec History Encyclopedia'', 2006
* "[http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/023001-3010.41-e.html The parti rouge]", in ''Canadian Confederation'', Library and Archives Canada, December 14, 2001, updated July 16, 2012

===Additional French-language information sources===
* Lamonde, Yvan (2000). ''{{lang|fr|Histoire sociale des idées au Québec, 1760-1896}}'', Montréal: {{Interlanguage link|Éditions Fides|fr}}, 576 p. {{ISBN|2-7621-2104-3}} ([https://archive.org/details/histoiresocialed01lamouoft online])
* Lamonde, Yvan (1994). ''{{lang|fr|Louis-Antoine Dessaulles, 1818-1895: un seigneur libéral et anticlérical}}'', Saint-Laurent: Fides, 369 p. {{ISBN|2-7621-1736-4}}
* Lamonde, Yvan (1990). ''{{lang|fr|Gens de parole: conférences publiques, essais et débats à l'Institut canadien de Montréal, 1845-1871}}'', Montréal: Boréal, 176 p. {{ISBN|2-89052-369-1}}
* de Lagrave, Jean-Paul (1976). ''{{lang|fr|Le combat des idées au Québec-Uni, 1840-1867}}'', Montréal: Editions de Lagrave, 150 p.
* Bernard, Jean-Paul (1971). ''{{lang|fr|Les Rouges; libéralisme, nationalisme et anticléricalisme au milieu du XIXe siècle}}'', Montréal: Presses de l'Université du Québec, 394 p. {{ISBN|0-7770-0028-8}}
* Dumont, Fernand, Montminy, Jean-Paul, and Hamelin, Jean ed. (1971). ''{{lang|fr|Idéologies au Canada français, 1850-1900}}'', Québec: Presses de l'Université Laval, 327 p.

{{Quebec provincial political parties}}
{{Liberal Party of Canada}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Political parties in Lower Canada]]
[[Category:Defunct liberal political parties|Canada 1848]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1848]]
[[Category:Radical parties]]
[[Category:Liberal parties in Canada]]
[[Category:History of the Liberal Party of Canada]]