View source for Partnership for Academic Competition Excellence

{{short description|Student quiz competition}}
{{Infobox organization
| name          = Partnership for Academic Competition Excellence
| image         = New PACE logo.png
| abbreviation  = PACE
| formation     = 1996
| type          = [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]]
| status        = 501(c)(3) non-profit organization
| purpose       = Promotion of [[quiz bowl]]
| services      = National Scholastic Championship high school quiz bowl tournament
| membership    = 50 members
| leader_title  = President
| leader_name   = Mia McGill
| website       = {{url|http://www.pace-nsc.org/}}
}}

The '''Partnership for Academic Competition Excellence''' ('''PACE''') is a [[United States]]–based [[501(c) organization#501.28c.29.283.29|501(c)(3)]] [[non-profit organization]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=16321|title=PACE 501(c)(3) Status|last=Rosenberg|first=Ryan|website=The Quizbowl Resource Center|date=August 28, 2014|accessdate=August 28, 2014|archive-date=September 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903063853/http://www.hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=16321|url-status=live}}</ref> that promotes high school [[quiz bowl]] and runs the National Scholastic Championship (NSC), an end-of-year [[Student competition|national tournament for high school]] [[quiz bowl]] teams. PACE was founded in 1996 by a group of quiz bowl players and coaches who were dissatisfied with the quality of high school quiz bowl at the time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pace-nsc.org/about/ |title=About PACE {{!}} Partnership for Academic Competition Excellence |access-date=2014-08-29 |archive-date=2014-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018092853/http://www.pace-nsc.org/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The NSC has been run in the June of every year since 1998. Beyond running the NSC, PACE offers advice and staff assistance to high schools and colleges who run high school quiz bowl tournaments. PACE does not currently supply questions for regular season tournaments or offer a collegiate competition program, unlike [[NAQT]] or Questions Unlimited.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What Is Quiz Bowl?|website=Northern California Quiz Bowl Alliance|url=http://www.norcalquizbowl.org/?page_id=18|accessdate=August 29, 2014|archive-date=2014-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309102928/http://www.norcalquizbowl.org/?page_id=18|url-status=live}}</ref>

In addition to running a national tournament, PACE awards the Benjamin Cooper Academic Ambassador Award each year at the opening ceremony of the NSC. The award is chosen by PACE members to honor "a high school academic competition team member, advisor, or organization whose character best promotes the spirit and honor of quiz bowl competition". It is named for Ben Cooper, who, as the captain of the [[It's Academic]] quiz bowl team at [[Georgetown Day School]], worked with the PACE founders to provide a player's perspective on the plans for the inaugural NSC. Ben Cooper died in an automobile accident just before the start of his senior year. In 2004, PACE expanded its recognition program to include a "Young Ambassador" Award to recognize individuals or recent alumni from high school or college quiz bowl programs for "valuable and significant contributions to the high school academic competition community".

==National Scholastic Championship==
PACE runs the National Scholastic Championship, a tournament for high school quiz bowl teams. Teams that attend the PACE NSC are mainly from [[Secondary education in the United States|schools in the United States]], with teams from [[Education in Canada|Canada]] and [[Secondary education in Singapore|Singapore]] having also attended.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pantagraph.com/news/local/education/underdog-bhs-places-th-in-national-scholastic-bowl-event/article_3b383278-9dfe-5f8a-8ccc-82e4866d4256.html|title='Underdog' BHS places 15th in national Scholastic Bowl event|website=Pantagraph.com|first=Maria|last=Nagle|date=May 29, 2014|accessdate=November 10, 2014|archive-date=August 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822035736/https://pantagraph.com/news/local/education/underdog-bhs-places-th-in-national-scholastic-bowl-event/article_3b383278-9dfe-5f8a-8ccc-82e4866d4256.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Teams qualify by placing well at a PACE-certified tournament. There are three levels of qualifier events, with higher levels allowing more teams to qualify from that event. A number of teams can also qualify via a wild card bid.<ref name="Qualification quidelines">{{cite web|url=http://www.pace-nsc.org/2022-nsc-team-qualification-guidelines/|title=2022 NSC Qualification Guidelines|accessdate=June 14, 2022}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> There is no limit to the number of teams from a single school that can qualify or attend. In order to qualify multiple teams from one school, multiple teams must concurrently qualify at the same tournament.<ref name="Qualification quidelines"/>

On March 18, 2020, PACE announced that the 2020 NSC would be cancelled due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic|2019-20 coronavirus pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?p=367508#p367508|title=2020 PACE NSC: June 6-7, Chicago - The Quizbowl Resource Center|website=hsquizbowl.org|access-date=2020-03-18|archive-date=2022-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822035735/https://hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?p=367508#p367508|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
===Format===
{{See also|Quiz bowl#Gameplay|l1=Gameplay of quiz bowl}}
The tournament takes place over two days during the weekend. On Saturday, teams are grouped into pools for preliminary rounds and play a [[Round robin tournament|round robin]] within that group, then are regrouped for playoff rounds based on their win–loss record in their preliminary group. On Sunday, teams are again regrouped into "superplayoff" brackets. Usually, a final will be played between the top two teams, though specific circumstances can make a final match unnecessary. Following the final rounds, an All-Star game featuring the top individual scorers is played and the closing ceremony is held.

Each round consists of two halves of ten tossups and ten bonuses.<ref name="PACE rules">{{Cite web|url=http://www.pace-nsc.org/concise-rules-of-tossupbonus-quizbowl/|title=Concise Rules of Tossup/Bonus Quizbowl|website=Partnership for Academic Competition Excellence|last=Pinyan|first=Jon|accessdate=August 30, 2014|archive-date=October 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012132420/http://www.pace-nsc.org/concise-rules-of-tossupbonus-quizbowl/|url-status=live}}</ref> Tossups are worth 10 points for a correct answer, though 20 points may be awarded if they are answered early. Teams are not penalized for incorrect answers.<ref name="PACE rules"/> [[Quiz bowl#Bonuses|Bouncebacks]] were allowed for bonuses until 2023. In the event of a tie, a sudden death tossup is read.<ref name="PACE rules"/>

From 1998 to 2009, the NSC used a slightly different gameplay format that was distinct from most other quiz bowl tournaments. The old format had three rounds with varying gameplay, the Related Tossup-Bonus round, the Category Quiz round, and the Stretch round.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.qbwiki.com/wiki/Old_PACE_format|title=Old PACE format|website=QBWiki|date=July 22, 2013|first1=Matt|last1=Jackson|first2=David|last2=Reinstein|accessdate=November 22, 2014|archive-date=August 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822035737/https://www.qbwiki.com/wiki/Old_PACE_format|url-status=live}}</ref>

===NSC results and Cooper award recipients===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Location !! Field size !!  Champion !! Runner-up !! Cooper Award !! Young Ambassador Award 
|-
| 1998<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pace-nsc.org/results/1998/index.html|title=1998 PACE NSC Results|accessdate=November 11, 2014|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023440/http://pace-nsc.org/results/1998/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Case Western Reserve University]] || 29 || [[State College Area High School]] || [[Henry Ford II High School]] || Sue Ikenberry, coach at [[Georgetown Day School]] in [[Washington, DC]], on behalf of Ben Cooper || {{n/a}}
|-
| 1999<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pace-nsc.org/results/1999/index.html|title=1999 PACE NSC Results|accessdate=November 11, 2014|archive-date=August 23, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823233525/http://pace-nsc.org/results/1999/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[University of Pennsylvania]] || 22<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hsquizbowl.org/db/tournaments/1026/|title=1999 PACE NSC|accessdate=November 11, 2014|archive-date=November 27, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127194403/http://www.hsquizbowl.org/db/tournaments/1026/|url-status=live}}</ref> || State College Area High School (2) || [[Rockville High School (Maryland)|Rockville High School]] || Joe Hermiller, coach at [[E.L. Bowsher High School]] || {{n/a}}
|-
| 2000<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pace-nsc.org/results/2000/index.html|title=2000 PACE NSC Results|accessdate=November 11, 2014|archive-date=March 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205836/http://pace-nsc.org/results/2000/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Furman University]] || 16  || State College Area High School (3) || [[Eisenhower High School (Michigan)|Eisenhower High School]] || Rick Barry, James Garrick, and Hodges Lewis, operators of Academic Competition Enterprises || {{n/a}}
|-
| 2001<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pace-nsc.org/results/2001/index.html|title=2001 PACE NSC Results|accessdate=November 11, 2014|archive-date=August 23, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823233539/http://pace-nsc.org/results/2001/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Bowling Green State University]] || 22 ||  State College Area High School (4) || Georgetown Day School || Robert C. Grierson, editor of Scholastic Visions, the newsletter of the Illinois High School Scholastic Bowl Coaches Association || {{n/a}}
|-
| 2002<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pace-nsc.org/results/2002/index.html|title=2002 PACE NSC Results|accessdate=November 11, 2014|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023419/http://pace-nsc.org/results/2002/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[The George Washington University]] || 40 ||  [[Richard Montgomery High School]]  || [[Detroit Catholic Central High School]] || Douglas Tyson, coach at [[Benjamin Banneker Academic High School]], and Sue Altman, producer of [[It's Academic]], on behalf of the entire It's Academic program || {{n/a}}
|-
| 2003<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pace-nsc.org/results/2003/index.html|title=2003 PACE NSC Results|accessdate=November 11, 2014|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023424/http://pace-nsc.org/results/2003/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> || Case Western Reserve University || 27 ||  [[Paul M. Dorman High School]] || [[Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology]] || Carolyn Hawkins, coach at [[Cookeville High School]] || {{n/a}}
|-
| 2004<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pace-nsc.org/results/2004/index.html|title=2004 PACE NSC Results|accessdate=November 11, 2014|archive-date=August 23, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823234000/http://pace-nsc.org/results/2004/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[University of Maryland, College Park]]  || 40 || [[Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for Government and International Studies]] || Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology || Paul Cain, coach at [[Ysleta High School]] || Matt Weiner, [[Virginia Commonwealth University]] and David Bykowski, formerly of [[Furman University]] and [[University of Michigan]]
|-
| 2005<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pace-nsc.org/results/2005/index.html|title=2005 PACE NSC Results|accessdate=November 11, 2014|archive-date=March 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211811/http://pace-nsc.org/results/2005/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Valencia Community College]] || 31 || Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology (1) || State College Area High School || Sue Korosa, coach at [[Copley High School]] || Thomas Egan, coach at [[Maine South High School]], formerly of the [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]]
|-
| 2006<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pace-nsc.org/results/2006/index.html|title=2006 PACE NSC Results|accessdate=November 11, 2014|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033028/http://pace-nsc.org/results/2006/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics]] || 29 || [[Raleigh Charter High School]] || Richard Montgomery High School || Bob Weiser, coach at [[Solon High School]] and Dr. John Barnes, coach at Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for Government and International Studies || Eric Grunden, coach at Raleigh Charter High School
|-
| 2007<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pace-nsc.org/results/2007/index.html|title=2007 PACE NSC Results|accessdate=November 11, 2014|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023428/http://pace-nsc.org/results/2007/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[University of Michigan]] || 36 || Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for Government and International Studies (2) || [[Martin Luther King Magnet at Pearl High School]] || Julie Gittings, coach at State College Area High School || Evan Silberman, It's Academic co-captain at Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology
|-
| 2008<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pace-nsc.org/2008-nsc-results/|title=2008 PACE NSC Results|accessdate=November 11, 2014|archive-date=August 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822035804/http://www.pace-nsc.org/2008-nsc-results/|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[George Mason University]] || 48  || [[Walt Whitman High School (Bethesda, Maryland)|Walt Whitman High School]] || Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology || Matt Knupp of [[Russell High School (Kentucky)|Russell High School]] (Award revoked on February 25, 2009<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=7343|title=PACE Revokes Matt Knupp's Cooper Award|website=The Quizbowl Resource Center|date=February 25, 2009|first=Trygve|last=Meade|access-date=February 26, 2009|archive-date=September 27, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927184241/http://www.hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=7343|url-status=live}}</ref>) || Lee Henry, coach at [[Brindlee Mountain High School]], and Chris Sewell
|-
| 2009<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pace-nsc.org/2009-nsc-results/|title=2009 PACE NSC Results|accessdate=November 11, 2014|archive-date=October 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021011857/http://www.pace-nsc.org/2009-nsc-results/|url-status=live}}</ref> || George Mason University || 64  || [[Charter School of Wilmington]] || State College Area High School || Eric Huff, coach for Paul M. Dorman High School || Christian Carter, player from [[Minneapolis South High School]] and webmaster of quizbowlpackets.com
|-
| 2010<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pace-nsc.org/results/2010/index.html|title=2010 PACE NSC Results|accessdate=November 11, 2014}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> || George Mason University || 64 || State College Area High School (5) || Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for Government and International Studies {{refn|group=nb|[[Southside High School (Greenville, South Carolina)|Southside High School]] was initially the runner-up, but, after evidence of cheating by one of their players was uncovered, their place was forfeited.}} || R. Robert Hentzel, President of [[National Academic Quiz Tournaments]] (NAQT) || Sarah Angelo, player and tournament director at Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for Government and International Studies
|-
| 2011<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pace-nsc.org/2011-nsc-results-2/|title=2011 PACE NSC Results|accessdate=November 11, 2014|archive-date=October 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021013441/http://www.pace-nsc.org/2011-nsc-results-2/|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Northwestern University]] || 60 || State College Area High School (6) || [[Hunter College High School]] || Matt Weiner, [[Virginia Commonwealth University]] || Charlie Dees, Jeffrey Hill, Paul Nelson, and Christine Whelehon, on behalf of the Missouri Quizbowl Alliance
|-
| 2012<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pace-nsc.org/2012-nsc-results/|title=2012 PACE NSC Results|accessdate=November 11, 2014|archive-date=October 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021013959/http://www.pace-nsc.org/2012-nsc-results/|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Washington University in St. Louis]] || 60 || Hunter College High School || [[Bellarmine College Preparatory]] || David Riley, coach of [[Loyola Academy]] and Linda Greene, coach of [[Rockford Auburn High School|Auburn High School]] || Lily Chen, player from Hunter College High School
|-
| 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pace-nsc.org/results/2013/index.html|title=2013 PACE NSC Results|accessdate=November 11, 2014}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> || University of Maryland, College Park || 72 || [[Ladue Horton Watkins High School]] || [[Liberal Arts and Science Academy]] || Chris Chiego of [[University of California, San Diego]] and Dwight Wynne of [[University of California, Irvine]] || Max Schindler, player from Ladue Horton Watkins High School
|-
| 2014<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pace-nsc.org/2014-nsc-results/|title=2014 PACE NSC Results|accessdate=November 11, 2014|archive-date=October 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021012901/http://www.pace-nsc.org/2014-nsc-results/|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Reston, Virginia]] || 96 || Liberal Arts and Science Academy (1) || [[Western Albemarle High School]] || Jeff Hoppes of NAQT || Matt Bollinger, player from the [[University of Virginia]]
|-
| 2015<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pace-nsc.org/2015-nsc-results/|title=2015 PACE NSC Results|accessdate=July 28, 2015|archive-date=August 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801224021/http://www.pace-nsc.org/2015-nsc-results/|url-status=live}}</ref> || Reston, Virginia || 96 || Detroit Catholic Central High School (1) || Liberal Arts and Science Academy || Joshua Rutsky, coach of [[Hoover High School (Alabama)|Hoover High School]] || Nicholas Karas, player from the [[University of California, Berkeley]]
|-
| 2016 || [[Rosemont, Illinois]] || 96 || Liberal Arts and Science Academy (2) || [[Stevenson High School (Lincolnshire, Illinois)|Adlai E. Stevenson High School]] || Sheryl and Michael Cvijanovich of [[Matt's Buzzers]] || Ankit Aggarwal, player from the University of California, Berkeley
|-
| 2017 || Rosemont, Illinois || 96 || Detroit Catholic Central High School (2) || [[Westview High School (San Diego)|Westview High School]] || Fred Morlan, [[University of Kentucky]] || Jackie Wu, player from [[Downingtown High School|Downingtown High School East]]
|-
| 2018 || Reston, Virginia || 96 || Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology (2) || [[Dublin Scioto High School]] || Chad Kubicek, [[National Academic Quiz Tournaments]] || Kady Hsu, player from [[Rancho Bernardo High School]]
|-
| 2019 || Reston, Virginia || 96 || Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology (3) || [[James E. Taylor High School]] || Matt Albert, Justin Sharp, and Paul Villaluz, [[Las Vegas Quiz Bowl Alliance]] || Connor Mayers, player from [[Penn Manor High School]]
|-
|2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?p=367508#p367508|title=2020 PACE NSC: June 6-7, Chicago - The Quizbowl Resource Center|website=hsquizbowl.org|access-date=2020-03-18|archive-date=2022-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822035735/https://hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?p=367508#p367508|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Cancelled due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/PACENSC/status/1240324134325964801|title="We regret to inform you that the 2020 National Scholastic Championship has been cancelled..." via PACE NSC Twitter|website=twitter.com|access-date=2021-07-10|archive-date=2021-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711011000/https://twitter.com/PACENSC/status/1240324134325964801|url-status=live}}</ref>
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|Chris Johnson, coach at [[Itawamba County School District|Itawamba Agricultural High School]]
|Ashish Kumbhardare, player from the [[Pennsylvania State University]]
|
|-
| 2021 || Virtual || 80 || Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology (4) || Hunter College High School || Ben Herman, [[Greater Pennsylvania QuizBowl]] || Em Gunter, player from [[Salem High School (Salem, Virginia)|Salem High School]]
|-
| 2022 || Rosemont, Illinois || 72 || [[Lambert High School]] || Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology || Kristin Strey, [[Scholastic Community Outreach Program]] || Kevin Kodama, player from the [[University of Washington]]
|-
| 2023 || Rosemont, Illinois || 72 || [[Barrington High School (Illinois)|Barrington High School]] (1) || Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology || Jay Winter, [[Iowa Quiz Bowl League]] and coach at [[Waukee Community School District|Waukee Northwest High School]] || Joy An, player from [[Choate Rosemary Hall]]
|-
| 2024 || Reston, Virginia || 72 || Barrington High School (2)|| [[Richard Montgomery High School]] || Tracey Hickman, Oklahoma Quiz Bowl Camp || Ben Weiner, player from [[University of Minnesota]]
|-
| 2025 || Rosemont, Illinois || 84 || [[Strake Jesuit College Preparatory]] || [[Lexington High School (Massachusetts)|Lexington High School]] || Andrew Nadig, former player and developer of quizbowl software YellowFruit || Geoffrey Wu, player from [[Columbia University]]
|}

====Notes====
{{reflist|group=nb}}

==Other ventures==
In March 2009, PACE organized the second annual "The Weekend of Quizbowl", a regular season invitational tournament at George Mason University that drew teams from across the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=20&t=7030&start=0|title=Weekend of Quizbowl II (3/14 + 3/15/09, Fairfax, VA)|first=Matt|last=Weiner|date=January 7, 2014|website=The Quizbowl Resource Center|accessdate=November 22, 2014|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924031636/http://www.hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=20&t=7030&start=0|url-status=live}}</ref> Part of the tournament ran on a custom question packets set that was also sold to other invitational tournaments. PACE did not run the tournament the following year. In 2014, PACE created an outreach fund to give monetary grants of up to {{usd}}200 to high school quiz bowl teams.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=16562|title=PACE Outreach Fund|date=October 11, 2014|first=Ryan|last=Rosenberg|website=The Quizbowl Resource Center|accessdate=November 22, 2014|archive-date=February 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218214056/http://hsquizbowl.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=16562|url-status=live}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[NAQT]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.pace-nsc.org}}

[[Category:Student quiz competitions]]
[[Category:1998 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1998]]
[[Category:Educational organizations based in the United States]]
[[Category:501(c)(3) organizations]]