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{{Short description|Fifth Sunday in Lent}}
{{Infobox holiday|holiday_name = Passion Sunday
|type =  Christian
|image = StMartin43-53.JPG
|caption = [[Crucifix]] veiled for [[Passiontide]] in the [[Parish Church]] of [[Martin of Tours|St. Martin]], [[Tannheim, Biberach|Tannheim]], [[Baden Württemberg]], [[Germany ]].
|observedby = [[Anglicanism|Anglicans]]<br>[[Lutheranism|Lutherans]]<br>[[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholics]] ([[Tridentine Mass|Extraordinary Form]])<br>[[Methodists]]
|date = Fifth Sunday in Lent; Second Sunday before [[Easter]], or the [[Palm Sunday|Sunday following this]] ([[Roman Rite]])
|date{{LASTYEAR}} = {{#time: F j| {{Calendar date |holiday=Laetare Sunday |year={{LASTYEAR}} }}+7 days}}
|date{{CURRENTYEAR}} = {{#time: F j| {{Calendar date |holiday=Laetare Sunday |year={{CURRENTYEAR}} }}+7 days}}
|date{{NEXTYEAR}} = {{#time: F j| {{Calendar date |holiday=Laetare Sunday |year={{NEXTYEAR}} }}+7 days}}
|date{{NEXTYEAR|2}} = {{#time: F j| {{Calendar date |holiday=Laetare Sunday |year={{NEXTYEAR|2}} }}+7 days}}
|litcolor = Violet
|observances = Veiling of [[crucifix]]es and images
|longtype =
|nickname = Care Sunday (Scotland)
|relatedto = [[Passiontide]], [[Palm Sunday]]
}}

'''Passion Sunday''' is the fifth Sunday in [[Lent]] in several [[Christianity|Christian]] traditions, marking the beginning of [[Passiontide]]. In 1969, Passiontide was removed from the [[liturgical year|liturgical calendar]] of the [[Latin Church|Western Catholic Church]] for the [[Mass of Paul VI]], but it is still observed in the [[Tridentine Mass|Traditional Latin Mass]] and in the [[Anglican Use]]. It is also observed by some [[Anglican Communion|Anglicans]] and [[Lutheranism|Lutherans]].

In [[Scotland]], the day is known as '''Care Sunday'''.<ref>{{cite OED|Care Sunday}}</ref>

==Fifth Sunday in Lent==
{{Lent_calendar.svg}}
Until 1959, the fifth Sunday in Lent was officially known in the Roman Catholic Church as “Passion Sunday”.<ref>''Dominica de Passione'' – [http://www.sanctamissa.org/en/resources/missale-romanum-pdf.html Missale Romanum, 1920 typical edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301085135/http://www.sanctamissa.org/EN/resources/missale-romanum-pdf.html |date=2020-03-01 }}, p. 156</ref> It marked the beginning of a two-week-long period known as [[Passiontide]], which is still observed by Catholics who attend the [[Traditional Latin Mass]] or [[Anglican Ordinariate|Anglican Ordinariates]], as well as [[Western Rite Orthodoxy|Western Rite Orthodox Christians]], and various [[Christian denomination|denomination]]s in [[Protestantism]]. 

In 1960, [[Pope John XXIII]]'s [[Code of Rubrics]] changed the name of that Sunday to “First Sunday of the Passion”,<ref>''Dominica I Passionis'' – [http://www.sanctamissa.org/en/resources/books-1962/missale-romanum-1962.pdf Missale Romanum 1962] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215054059/https://sanctamissa.org/en/resources/books-1962/missale-romanum-1962.pdf |date=2020-02-15 }}, p. 118</ref> bringing the name into harmony with the name that [[Pope Pius XII]] gave five years earlier to the sixth Sunday in Lent, “Second Sunday of the Passion or Palm Sunday”.

[[Pope Paul VI]] in 1969 removed a distinction that existed (although with overlap) between Lent and [[Passiontide]], which began with the fifth Sunday in Lent. The distinction, explicit in the 1960 Code of Rubrics,<ref>The Code of Rubrics speaks of Lent (''tempus quadragesimale'') as comprising Passiontide (''tempus Passionis''), but at the same time distinguishes Lent in a narrower sense (''tempus Quadragesimae'') from Passiontide.</ref> predates it.<ref>The distinction is found repeatedly in, for instance, the pre-1960 ''Ritus servandus in celebratione Missae'', which speaks of Passiontide as following Lent (without suggesting that Lenten observances should end at that point), but which also speaks of Lent as extending at least to Wednesday of Holy Week, as in: "In Quadragesima autem a Feria IV Cinerum usque ad Feriam IV Majoris Hebdomadae ..." (Ritus servandus in celebratione Missae, XI, 2).</ref> He deleted the reference to the Passion from the fifth Sunday in Lent.

Although Passiontide as a distinct liturgical season was abolished, the Roman Rite liturgy continues to bring the Passion of Christ to mind, from Monday of the fifth week in Lent onward, through the choice of hymns, the use on the weekdays of the fifth week of Lent of [[Preface (liturgy)|Preface]] I of the Passion of the Lord, with Preface II of the Passion of the Lord being used on the first three weekdays of Holy Week, and the authorization of the practice of [[Lenten shrouds|covering crosses and images]] from the fifth Sunday in Lent onward, if the [[Conference of Bishops]] so permits. Where this practice is followed, crucifixes remain covered until the end of the [[Good Friday]] celebration of the Lord’s Passion; statues remain covered until the [[Easter Vigil]].{{cn|date=March 2018}}

The [[Introit|entrance antiphon]] of the [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] on the fifth Sunday in Lent begins with the word "''Iudica''" (older spelling, "''Judica''"). This provides another name for the day: "Iudica Sunday" or "Judica Sunday",<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11535a.htm Mershman, Francis. "Passion Sunday." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 6 April 2019{{PD-notice}}</ref> similar to the name "[[Laetare Sunday]]" for the fourth Sunday. Due to of the custom of veiling crucifixes and statues before Mass on the fifth Sunday in Lent, this Sunday was called “Black Sunday” in [[Germany]] where the veils were black, which elsewhere were generally purple.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Monthly Packet of Evening Readings for Members of the English Church|editor-first=Charlotte M.|editor-last=Yonge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vG43AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA514|year=1879|publisher=J. and C. Mozley|page=514}}</ref>

Those who continue to observe earlier forms of the Roman Rite or of liturgies modelled on it refer to the fifth Sunday in Lent by one or other of its previous names.

===Lutheran readings===

The historical readings for the fifth Sunday in Lent in the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] tradition are [[Book of Genesis|Genesis]] 12:1–3, [[Hebrews]] 9:11–15, [[Gospel of John|John]] 8:46–59, and [[Psalm 43]]. [[I Corinthians]] 1:21–31 and [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] 26:17–29 are alternate readings.<ref>''Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary''. St. Louis: MorningStar Music Publishers, 1996. 202</ref>

The three-year lectionary appoints the following readings for the fifth Sunday in Lent:<ref>''Hymnary''. 200–201</ref>

*[[Psalm]]
**A: 116:1–9
**B: 51:10–15
**C: 28:1–9
*1st Lesson
**A: [[Ezekiel]] 37:1–14
**B: [[Jeremiah]] 31:31–34
**C: [[Isaiah]] 43:16–21
*2nd Lesson
**A: [[Epistle to the Romans|Romans]] 8:11–19
**B: [[Hebrews]] 5:7–9
**C: [[Philippians]] 3:8–14
*[[Gospel]]
**A: [[Gospel of John|John]] 11:47-53/1-53
**B: [[Gospel of John|John]] 12:20–33
**C: [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] 20:9–19

==Sixth Sunday in Lent==

In the [[Roman Rite]], the Gospel reading at the [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] of the sixth Sunday in Lent is an account in one of the [[Synoptic Gospels]] of the [[Passion (Christianity)|Passion of Christ]].  Until 1969, the lesson was always the account from the [[Gospel of Matthew]]: the whole of chapters 26 and 27 ({{bibleverse||Matthew|26:1–27:66}}).<ref>[http://www.sanctamissa.org/en/resources/missale-romanum-pdf.html Missale Romanum, 1920 typical edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301085135/http://www.sanctamissa.org/EN/resources/missale-romanum-pdf.html |date=2020-03-01 }}, pp. 179–185</ref> In the [[Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII|1955 reforms]], this was trimmed to {{bibleverse||Matthew|26:36–27:60}} while for priests celebrating a second or a third Mass on that day, to just {{bibleverse||Matthew|27:45–52}} .<ref>[http://www.sanctamissa.org/en/resources/books-1962/missale-romanum-1962.pdf Missale Romanum 1962] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215054059/https://sanctamissa.org/en/resources/books-1962/missale-romanum-1962.pdf |date=2020-02-15 }}, pp. 137–140</ref> Since 1970, the [[Mass of Paul VI|revised]] [[Roman Missal]] has been using a three-year cycle in which the accounts of Matthew ({{bibleverse-nb||Matthew|26:14–27:66}} or {{bibleverse-nb||Matthew|27:11–54}}), Mark ({{bibleverse-nb||Mark|14:1–15:47}} or {{bibleverse-nb||Mark|15:1–39}}) and Luke ({{bibleverse-nb||Luke|22:14–23:56}} or {{bibleverse-nb||Luke|23:1–49}}) are alternated in successive years.<ref>[http://catholic-resources.org/Lectionary/1998USL-Lent.htm Readings for the Sundays of Lent]</ref>

Until 1954, the official name of the sixth Sunday in Lent was simply “[[Palm Sunday]]”.<ref>''Dominica in Palmis'' – [http://www.sanctamissa.org/en/resources/missale-romanum-pdf.html Missale Romanum, 1920 typical edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301085135/http://www.sanctamissa.org/EN/resources/missale-romanum-pdf.html |date=2020-03-01 }}, p. 171</ref> In 1955, the name became for 15 years the “Second Sunday of the Passion or Palm Sunday”.<ref>''Dominica II Passionis seu in palmis'' – [http://www.sanctamissa.org/en/resources/books-1962/missale-romanum-1962.pdf Missale Romanum 1962] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215054059/https://sanctamissa.org/en/resources/books-1962/missale-romanum-1962.pdf |date=2020-02-15 }}, p. 130</ref> Since 1970, it has been “Palm Sunday of the Passion of the Lord”.<ref>''Dominica in Palmis de Passione Domini'' – current edition of the Roman Missal</ref>

==Food==
In the north of England and parts of Scotland, it is a tradition to eat [[carlin peas]] on this day.<ref name="OCF">{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Davidson |first1=Alan |last2=Jaine |first2=Tom |title=The Oxford companion to food |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=9780199677337 |edition=3rd |article=Carling}}</ref><ref>''Heritage Vegetables'', Sue Stickland. London: Gaia Books. p 149 (1998)</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-other|Sundays of the [[Easter cycle]]|purple}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Laetare Sunday|Fourth Sunday of Lent]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Fifth Sunday of Lent|years={{#time: F j, Y| {{Calendar date |holiday=Laetare Sunday |year={{CURRENTYEAR}} }}+7 days}}}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Palm Sunday]]}}
{{end}}
{{Liturgical year of the Catholic Church}}
[[Category:Lent]]
[[Category:Catholic liturgy]]
[[Category:Christian Sunday observances]]
[[Category:March observances]]
[[Category:April observances]]