View source for Patience

{{Short description|Ability to endure difficult circumstances}}
{{About|the state of being|other uses}}
{{Redirect|Impatience}}
{{Distinguish|Patient}}
[[Image:Geduld (Patientia) Pacientia (titel op object), RP-P-OB-10.853.jpg|thumb|''Patience'', [[engraving]] by [[Hans Sebald Beham]], 1540]]
{{Wikiquote|patience}}
'''<span lang="en-au" dir="ltr">Patience,</span>''' or '''[[wikt:forbearance#English|forbearance]],''' is the ability to endure difficult or undesired long-term circumstances. Patience involves patience or tolerance in the face of delay, provocation, or stress without responding negatively, such as reacting with disrespect or anger.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Perison|first=Abel Lawrence|title=Address on Temperance, Delivered in the South Meeting House, Salem, January 14, 1830|publisher=Perkins & Marvin|year=1830|location=Boston|page=31}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=August 2023}} Patience is also used to refer to the [[character trait]] of being disciplined and steadfast. [[Antonyms]] of patience include impatience, [[Wiktionary: hasty|hastiness]], and [[wiktionary: impetuous|impetuousness]].

== Scientific perspectives ==
{{See also|Delayed gratification|Reward dependence|Reward system}}

In [[psychology]] and in [[cognitive neuroscience]], patience is studied as a [[decision-making]] problem, involving the choice of either a small reward in the short-term, versus a more valuable reward in the long-term.<ref>{{Cite journal| last1=Al-Ubaydli | first1=Omar | last2=Jones | first2=Garett | last3=Weel | first3=Jaap |year=2013|title=Patience, cognitive skill, and coordination in the repeated stag hunt.|journal=Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics|volume=6|issue=2|pages=71–96|doi=10.1037/npe0000005|url=https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27723/1/MPRA_paper_27723.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722163151/https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27723/1/MPRA_paper_27723.pdf |archive-date=2018-07-22 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In a 2005 study, [[common marmoset]]s and [[cottontop tamarin]]s chose between taking an immediate small reward and waiting a variable amount of time for a large reward. Under these conditions, marmosets waited significantly longer for food than tamarins. This difference cannot be explained by life history, social behaviour, or brain size. It can, however, be explained by feeding ecology: marmosets rely on [[Gum (botany)|gum]], a food product acquired by waiting for exudate to flow from trees, whereas tamarins feed on [[insect]]s, a food product requiring impulsive action. [[Foraging]] ecology, therefore, may provide a selective pressure for the evolution of self-control.<ref>{{cite journal|title= The ecology and evolution of patience in two New World monkeys|journal= Biology Letters|volume= 1|issue= 2|pages= 223–226|pmc= 1626214|year= 2005|last1= Stevens|first1= J.R.|last2= Hallinan|first2= E.V.|last3= Hauser|first3= M. D.|doi= 10.1098/rsbl.2004.0285|pmid= 17148172|url= https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3122487/Hauser_EcologyEvolutionPatience.pdf|access-date= 2018-11-04|archive-date= 2018-11-04|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181104213514/https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3122487/Hauser_EcologyEvolutionPatience.pdf?sequence=4|url-status= live}}</ref>

[[File:Abandonment rate of online video users for different Internet connectivities.jpg|thumbnail|Patience in waiting for a video to start is impacted by the Internet speeds that one is accustomed to.<ref name="people.cs.umass.edu">{{cite journal | url=https://people.cs.umass.edu/~ramesh/Site/HOME_files/imc208-krishnan.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113002725/http://people.cs.umass.edu/~ramesh/Site/HOME_files/imc208-krishnan.pdf |archive-date=2012-11-13 |url-status=live| title= Video Stream Quality Impacts Viewer Behavior|last1=Krishnan|first1=S. Shunmuga|last2=Sitaraman|first2=Ramesh K.|journal=ACM Internet Measurement Conference|date=November 2012}}</ref> Users accustomed to faster Internet connectivity (e.g., fiber) abandon a slow-loading video at a faster rate than users with slower Internet connectivity (e.g., cable or mobile).]]

Patience of human users in the online world has been a subject of research. In a 2012 study<ref name="people.cs.umass.edu"/> of tens of millions of users who watched videos on the Internet, Krishnan and [[Ramesh Sitaraman|Sitaraman]] showed that users lose patience in as little as two seconds while waiting for their chosen video to start playing.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sutter|first=John D.| url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/11/12/tech/web/video-loading-study/| title=Online viewers ditch slow-loading video after 2 seconds|date=12 November 2012|work=CNN| access-date=2014-07-03| archive-date=2018-06-12| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612171434/https://www.cnn.com/2012/11/12/tech/web/video-loading-study/| url-status=live}}</ref> Users who connect to the Internet at faster speeds are less patient than their counterparts at slower speeds, demonstrating a link between the human expectation of speed and human patience. These and other studies of patience led commentators to conclude that the rapid pace of technology is rewiring humans to be less patient.<ref>{{multiref2|1={{cite news | last=Yenigun|first=Sami| url =https://www.npr.org/2013/01/10/168974423/in-video-streaming-rat-race-fast-is-never-fast-enough/ |title= In Video-Streaming Rat Race, Fast is Never Fast Enough|date=10 January 2013 | website =[[NPR]] Morning Edition | access-date =2014-07-03 | archive-date =2014-07-14 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140714230354/http://www.npr.org/2013/01/10/168974423/in-video-streaming-rat-race-fast-is-never-fast-enough/ | url-status =live }}
|2= {{cite news | url =https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/style/2013/02/01/the-growing-culture-impatience-where-instant-gratification-makes-crave-more-instant-gratification/q8tWDNGeJB2mm45fQxtTQP/story.html?s_campaign=8315 |title= Instant gratification is making us perpetually impatient|date=February 2013 | website =[[The Boston Globe]] | access-date =2014-07-03 | archive-date =2018-06-12 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142614/https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/style/2013/02/01/the-growing-culture-impatience-where-instant-gratification-makes-crave-more-instant-gratification/q8tWDNGeJB2mm45fQxtTQP/story.html?s_campaign=8315 | url-status =dead }}
|3= {{cite web| url= https://www.roughtype.com/?p=2069| title= Patience is a Network Effect|first= Nicholas |last=Carr| date= 11 November 2012| access-date= 4 July 2014| archive-date= 12 June 2018| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143431/http://www.roughtype.com/?p=2069| url-status= live}} }}</ref>

== Religious perspectives ==
[[File:Three virtues Patientia.jpg|thumb|Three virtues by [[Jan Saenredam]] after [[Hendrick Goltzius|Hendrik Goltzius]]. This is plate 2, entitled Patientia.]]

=== Judaism ===
Patience and fortitude are prominent themes in [[Judaism]]. The [[Talmud]] extols patience as an important personal trait. The story of Micah, for example, is that he suffers many challenging conditions and yet endures, saying "I will wait for the God who saves me." Patience in God, it is said, will aid believers in finding the strength to be delivered from the evils that are inherent in the physical life.<ref>{{cite web|last=Firestone |first=Reuven |title=Patience |url=http://www.huc.edu/chronicle/60/patience.shtml |access-date=2008-06-12|year=2002|website=Hebrew Union College—Jewish Institute of Religion |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117061152/http://www.huc.edu/chronicle/60/patience.shtml |archive-date=January 17, 2008 }}</ref>

In the [[Sefer Torah|Hebrew Torah]], patience is referred to in several proverbs, such as "The patient man shows much good sense, but the quick-tempered man displays folly at its height" ({{bibleverse|Proverbs|14:29|nab}}); "An ill-tempered man stirs up strife, but a patient man allays discord." ({{bibleverse|Proverbs|15:18|nab}}); and "A patient man is better than a warrior, and he who rules his temper, than he who takes a city." ({{bibleverse|Proverbs|16:32|nab}}). Patience is also discussed in other sections, such as [[Ecclesiastes]]: "Better is the patient spirit than the lofty spirit. Do not in spirit become quickly discontented, for discontent lodges in the bosom of a fool." ({{bibleverse|Ecclesiastes|7:8–9|nab}}).

=== Christianity ===
In the [[Christianity|Christian religion]], patience is one of the most valuable [[virtue]]s.<ref>{{citation |last=Ford|first=Thomas|year=1811|title=The Dignity and Duty of Magistrates. A Sermon [on Job xxix. 14–17] Preached... at the Assizes... in St. Martin Church, Leicester, August 8, 1811|publisher=The High-Sheriff and the Grand Jury|page=8}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=August 2023}} The [[Holy Spirit in Christianity|Holy Ghost]] increases patience in the Christian who has accepted the gift of [[Salvation in Christianity|salvation]]. While patience is not one of the traditional biblical three [[theological virtues]] or one of the traditional [[cardinal virtues]], it is part of the [[fruit of the Holy Spirit]], according to the [[Apostle Paul]] in his [[Epistle to the Galatians]].<ref name=Harned>{{cite book|first=David Baily|last=Harned|title=Patience: How We Wait Upon the World|url=https://archive.org/details/patiencehowwewai0000harn|url-access=registration|location=Boston, Mass.|publisher=Cowley Publications|year=1997|chapter=The Patience of God|isbn=978-1-56101-147-6 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/patiencehowwewai0000harn/page/23/mode/1up|chapter-url-access=registration}}</ref> Patience was included in [[Seven virtues#Seven Capital Virtues and the Seven Capital Sins|later formulations of the seven virtues]].

In the [[Christian Bible]], patience is referred to in several sections. The [[Book of Proverbs]] notes that "through patience a ruler can be persuaded, and a gentle tongue can break a bone" ({{bibleref2|Proverbs|25:14-16|NIV}}, NIV); [[Ecclesiastes]] points out that the "end of a matter is better than its beginning, and patience is better than pride" ({{bibleref2|Ecclesiastes|7:7-9|NIV}}, NIV); and [[First Epistle to the Thessalonians|1 Thessalonians]] states that we should "be patient with all. See that no one returns evil for evil; rather, always seek what is good for each other and for all" ({{bibleref2|1 Thessalonians|5:14-15|NAB}}, NAB). In the [[Epistle of James]], the Bible urges Christians to be patient, and "see how the farmer waits for the precious fruit of the earth... until it receives the early and the late rains." ({{bibleref2|James|5:7-11|NAB}}, NAB). In [[Epistle to the Galatians|Galatians]], patience is listed as part of the "fruit of the Spirit": "love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. Against such things there is no law" ({{bibleref2|Galatians|5:21-23|NIV}}, NIV). In Timothy, the Bible states that "Jesus might display his unlimited patience as an example for those who would believe on him and receive eternal life" ({{bibleref2|1 Timothy|1:15-17|NIV}} [[NIV]]).<ref>{{cite book|last2=Harned|first2=David Baily|year=2015|title=Patience: How We Wait Upon the World|chapter=Leadership and Unnatural Virtues: George Washington and the Patience of Power|first1=David|last1=Hein|location=Eugene, Ore.|publisher=Wipf & Stock}}</ref>

=== Islam ===
{{Main|Sabr (Islamic term)|l1=Sabr}}

Patience with steadfast belief in [[Allah]] is called {{transliteration|ar|sabr}} ({{langx|ar|صَبْرٌ ṣabr}}), one of the best{{how|date=July 2023}} virtues in Islam. Through {{transliteration|ar|[[Sabr (Islamic term)|sabr]]}}, a Muslim believes that an individual can grow closer to God and thus attain true peace. Islam stresses that Allah is with those who are patient, more specifically during calamity and suffering. Several verses in Quran urge Muslims to seek Allah's help when faced with fear and loss, with patient prayers and perseverance for Allah. For example:<ref>see also: {{qref|3|195-200|b=y}}, {{qref|41|24-35}}, and {{qref|11|114-115}}</ref>

{{blockquote|We will certainly test you with a touch of fear and famine and loss of property, life, and crops. Give good news to those who patiently endure— who, when faced with a disaster, say, “Surely to Allah we belong and to Him we will ˹all˺ return.”|{{qref|2|155-156|c=y}}}}

Similarly, patience is mentioned in hadith [[Sahih Bukhari]]:

{{blockquote|Narrated Aisha: I asked Allah's [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|rasūl]] about the plague. He said, "That was a means of torture which Allah used to send upon whomsoever He wished, but He made it a source of mercy for the believers, for anyone who is residing in a town in which this disease is present, and remains there and does not leave that town, but '''has patience and hopes for Allah's reward''', and knows that nothing will befall him except what Allah has written for him, then he will get such reward as that of a martyr."|{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|8|77|616}}|}}

In Islamic tradition, [[Job in Islam|Job]] (Arabic: {{lang|ar|أيوب}}, romanized: {{transliteration|ar|Ayyūb}}) demonstrated patience and steadfast belief in Allah. [[Ibn Kathir]] narrates the story in this manner: Job was a very rich person with much land, and many animals and children — all of which were lost and soon he was struck with disease as a test from Allah. He remained steadfast and patient in his prayers to Allah, so Allah eventually relieved him of the disease, gave him double the money he lost, and raised to life twice the number of children who had died before him.<ref>{{cite book |author=Ibn Kathir |title=Stories of the Prophets |url=https://archive.org/details/pdfy-FFZIzpkiBPA9qqDp | isbn=978-977-6005-17-4 |pages=157–160 |access-date=2016-09-24 | chapter=Prophet Job (Ayoub) |date=January 2014 |publisher=دار المنارة، | chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/pdfy-FFZIzpkiBPA9qqDp/page/n91/mode/2up }}</ref>

=== Buddhism ===
{{Main|Kshanti}}

In [[Buddhism]], patience ([[Sanskrit|Skt.]]: {{transliteration|sa|kshanti}}; [[Pali]]: {{transliteration|pi|khanti}}) is one of the "perfections" ({{transliteration|sa|[[paramita]]s}}) that a [[bodhisattva]] trains in and practices to realize perfect enlightenment ({{transliteration|pi|[[bodhi]]}}). The Buddhist concept of patience is distinct from the English definition of the word. In Buddhism, patience refers to not returning harm, rather than merely enduring a difficult situation. It is the ability to control one's emotions even when being criticized or attacked.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/abhidharma-tenet-systems/comparison-of-buddhist-traditions/the-ten-perfections-in-theravada-mahayana-and-bon|first=Alexander|last=Berzin|title= The Ten Perfections in Theravada, Mahayana and Bon |publisher=StudyBuddhism.com |date=2012-06-08 |access-date=2016-06-03 |archive-date=2016-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629103744/http://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/abhidharma-tenet-systems/comparison-of-buddhist-traditions/the-ten-perfections-in-theravada-mahayana-and-bon |url-status=live }}</ref> Verse 184 of the [[Dhammapada]] says "enduring patience is the highest austerity".<ref>{{cite book|translator-last1=Buddharakkhita|translator-first1=Acharya|title=Dhammapada|chapter=Buddhavagga: The Buddha|at=184|chapter-url=https://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/dhp/dhp.14.budd.html#dhp-184|date=1985|publisher=Buddhist Publication Society|access-date=2014-12-24|archive-date=2015-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219013609/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/dhp/dhp.14.budd.html#dhp-184|url-status=live}}</ref>

Tibetan Buddhist [[Thubten Zopa]] recommended that people train in forbearance by taking advantage of encounters with difficult people:

{{quote|Ask yourself, "Where did I learn this patience that I practice? I learned it from those who have been angry at me... Therefore, all the peace and happiness that I enjoy in this and future lives as a result of my practice of patience has come from the angry person... How kind this person is! How much benefit this person has given me!"<ref>{{cite book|author=Thubten Zopa|title=Virtue and Reality|year=1998|url=https://archive.org/details/virtuerealitymet00thub|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/virtuerealitymet00thub/page/54/mode/1up 54]|publisher=Lama Yeshe Wisdom Archive |isbn=1891868020}}</ref>}}

=== Hinduism ===
Patience/forbearance is considered an essential virtue in Hinduism.<ref>{{multiref2
|1={{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/sanatana-dharma|title=sanatana dharma|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503143650/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/665848/sanatana-dharma |archive-date=2015-05-03 |website= Encyclopædia Britannica|year=2009}}
|2={{cite journal|last=Madigan|first=T.|year=2009|title=Schopenhauer's compassionate morality|journal=Philosophy Now|volume=52|pages=16–17|url=https://philosophynow.org/issues/52/Schopenhauers_Compassionate_Morality}} }}</ref> In ancient literature of Hinduism, the concept of patience is referred to with the word {{transliteration|sa|pariksaha}} (patience and forbearance, Sanskrit: {{lang|sa|परिषहा}}),<ref>{{multiref2
|1={{cite web|url=http://www.spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=pariSahA&link=m|url-status=dead|title=PariSahA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102153151/http://www.spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=pariSahA&link=m |archive-date=2013-11-02|website=Sanskrit Dictionary|location=Germany}}
|2={{cite book|url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/csl-apidev/servepdf.php?dict=MW&page=602|chapter=pari-shah|page=602|title= Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary|year=1899}} }}</ref> and several other words such as {{transliteration|sa|sahiṣṇutā}} (patient toleration, Sanskrit: {{lang|sa|सहिष्णुता}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=patience&link=m|url-status=dead|title=Sanskrit words related to "Patience" in Sanskrit Dictionary, Germany|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102153243/http://www.spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=patience&link=m |archive-date=2013-11-02 }} See also Monier Williams Translation of Sanskrit Concepts.</ref> {{transliteration|sa|[[titiksha]]}} (forbearance, Sanskrit: {{lang|sa|तितिक्षा}}),<ref>{{multiref2
|1={{cite journal|last=Hunter|first=A.|year=2007|title=Forgiveness: Hindu and Western Perspectives|journal=Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies|volume=20|number=1|page=11|doi=10.7825/2164-6279.1386 |doi-access=free}}
|2={{cite web|url=http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&beginning=0+&tinput=Titiksha&trans=Translate&direction=AU|url-status=dead|title=Titiksha|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102152948/http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&beginning=0+&tinput=Titiksha&trans=Translate&direction=AU |archive-date=2013-11-02 |website=Sanskrit Dictionary|location=Germany}} }}</ref> {{transliteration|sa|sah}} or {{transliteration|sa|sahanshilata}} (suffer with patience, Sanskrit: {{lang|sa|सह}}, {{lang|sa|सहनशीलता}})<ref>{{multiref2
|1={{cite web|url=http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=sahanazIlatA&direction=SE&script=HK&link=yes&beginning=0|url-status=dead|title=Sahanshilata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102153243/http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=sahanazIlatA&direction=SE&script=HK&link=yes&beginning=0 |archive-date=2013-11-02|website=Sanskrit Dictionary|location=Germany}}
|2={{cite book|url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MDScan/serveimg.php?file=MDScanjpg_sd/mcd343--savIman.jpg|chapter=SAH|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825112218/https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MDScan/index.php?sfx=jpg |archive-date=2019-08-25 |page=343|title=Macdonell Sanskrit Dictionary}} }}</ref> and several others.

Patience, in Hindu philosophy, is the cheerful endurance of trying conditions and the consequence of one's action and deeds ([[karma]]).<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/gsoy/gsoy06.htm|title=Great Systems of Yoga|chapter=Shankaracharya's Gnyana-Yoga|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031093255/http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/gsoy/gsoy06.htm |archive-date=2013-10-31 |first= Ernest |last=Wood|isbn=978-1425482596|pages=73–74}}</ref> It is also the capacity to wait, to endure opposites—such as pain and pleasure, cold and heat, sorrows and joys—calmly, without anxiety, and without a desire to seek revenge.<ref>{{multiref2
|1={{cite book|first=R.S.|last=Nathan|year=2000|title=Hinduism that is Sanatana Dharma|publisher=Central Chinmaya Mission Trust |isbn=81-7597-065-0}}{{page needed|date=August 2023}}
|2={{cite book|author=Sita Nath Datta|year=1898|title=Sankvracharya (His life and teaching: a translation of Atma-Bodha)|edition=2nd|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.132905|location=Calcutta|publisher=The Society for the Resuscitation of Indian Literature}}{{page needed|date=August 2023}} }}</ref> In interpersonal relationships, virtuous {{transliteration|sa|titiksha}} means that if someone attacks or insults without cause, one must endure it without feeling enmity, anger, resentment, or anxiety.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hunter|first1=A.|last2=Rigby|first2=A.|year=2009|url=http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/file/a9392056-ec87-76d1-89ac-b9b379a28501/1/huntergandhi.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Gandhi and the virtue of forgiveness|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103090834/http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/file/a9392056-ec87-76d1-89ac-b9b379a28501/1/huntergandhi.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-03 |journal=Gandhi Marg|volume=30|number=4|page=430}}</ref> Patience is explained as being more than trust, as a value that reflects the state of one's body and mind.<ref name=kaneda2008/> The term {{transliteration|sa|pariksaha}} is sometimes also translated as test or exam, in other contexts. Some of these concepts have been carried into the spiritual understanding of yoga. Sandilya [[Upanishad]] of Hinduism identifies ten sources of patience and forbearance. In each of these ten forbearances, the virtuous implicit belief is that our current spirit and the future for everyone, including oneself, will be stronger{{clarify|reason=how is the "strength" of "the future" to be interpreted?|date=July 2023}} if these forbearances are one's guide. The ten {{transliteration|sa|pariksaha}} are:<ref>{{multiref2
|1={{cite book|last=Swami|first=P.|year=2000|title=Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Upaniṣads|volume=3 (S–Z)|publisher=Sarup & Sons|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaedicdictionaryofupanisadsvol3_61_/page/630/mode/2up 630–631]|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaedicdictionaryofupanisadsvol3_61_|isbn=8176251488}}
|2={{cite book|last1=Ballantyne|first1=J.R.|last2=Yogīndra|first2=S.|year=1850|title=A Lecture on the Vedánta: Embracing the Text of the Vedánta-sára|publisher=Presbyterian mission press}} }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! [[Ahimsa]] (non-violence) 
|| not being violent to any human being or any living being at any time either through one's action, with words one speaks or writes, or in one's thoughts<ref name=kaneda2008>{{cite book|last=Kaneda|first=Takuya|year=2008|chapter= Shanti, peacefulness of mind|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/crossculturalstu0000unse_u2v6/page/171/mode/1up|chapter-url-access=registration|editor-first1= C. |editor-last1=Eppert |editor-first2= H. |editor-last2=Wang |title= Cross cultural studies in curriculum: Eastern thought, educational insights| url=https://archive.org/details/crossculturalstu0000unse_u2v6|url-access=registration|pages=171–192|isbn=978-0805856736|publisher= Taylor & Francis}}</ref>
|-
! Satya 
| expressing and acting with truth
|-
! Asteya 
| not coveting of another's property through any act of one's mind, speech, or body
|-
! Brahmacharya 
| willingness to remain a bachelor by one's actions of mind, speech, or body
|-
! Daya 
| unconditional kindness to everyone and all creatures
|-
! Arjava 
| the refusal to deceive or wrong others either by the performance or by non-performance of actions of one's mind, speech, or body
|-
! Kshama 
| acceptance of suffering while forgiving all pleasant or unpleasant things, such as praise or blows from others
|-
! Dhriti 
| the will to remain of calm mind and spirit during periods of gain or loss of wealth or relatives
|-
! Mitahara 
| moderation and restraint in consumption of food, drinks, and wealth
|-
! Saucha 
| the cleansing of the body by earth and water; and of the mind by the pursuit of understanding oneself
|}
The classical literature of Hinduism exists in many Indian languages. For example, ''[[Tirukkuṛaḷ]]'' written between {{BCE|200}} and {{CE|400}}, and sometimes called the Tamil [[Veda]], is one of the most cherished classics on Hinduism written in a South Indian language. It too discusses patience and forbearance, dedicating Chapter 16 of Book 1 to that topic. ''Tirukkuṛaḷ'' suggests ''patience'' is necessary for an ethical life and for one's long term happiness, even if patience is sometimes difficult in the short term. Excerpts from this book include: "our conduct must always foster forbearance"; "one must patiently endure rude remarks, because it delivers us to purity"; "if we are unjustly wronged by others, it is best to conquer our hurt with patience, accept suffering, and refrain from unrighteous retaliation"; "it is good to patiently endure injuries done to you, but to forget them is even better"; "just as the Earth bears those who dig into her, one must with patience bear with those who despise us", and so on.<ref>{{multiref2
|1={{cite book|url=https://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0153.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122153716/https://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0153.pdf |title=Tirukkural|archive-date=2020-11-22 |translator-first1=G.U.|translator-last1=Pope|translator-first2=W.H.|translator-last2=Drew|translator-first3=John|translator-last3=Lazarus|translator-first4=F.W.|translator-last4=Ellis|year=1886|publisher=WH Allen & Company|pages=19–20}}
|2={{cite book|title=Tirukkuṛaḷ |translator-first=V.V.R.|translator-last= Aiyar|location= Tirupparaithurai |publisher=Sri Ramakrishna Tapovanam |year=1998|oclc=777453934}} }}</ref>

=== Meher Baba ===
The spiritual teacher [[Meher Baba]] stated that "[O]ne of the first requirements of the [spiritual] aspirant is that he should combine ''unfailing enthusiasm with unyielding patience''.... Spiritual effort demands not only physical endurance and courage, but also unshrinking forbearance and unassailable moral courage."<ref>{{cite book|author-link=Meher Baba|last=Baba|first=Meher|year=1967|title=Discourses|volume=3|location=San Francisco|publisher=Sufism Reoriented|pages=[https://archive.org/details/discourses03mehe/page/118/mode/2up 118–119]|isbn=978-1880619094|url=https://archive.org/details/discourses03mehe|url-access=registration}}</ref>

== Philosophical perspectives ==
{{quote|{{lang|la|Levius fit patientia, quicquid corrigere est nefas}}
(What cannot be quite cured, is made easier by patience)
|Horace|''Odes'' I.24 ("To Virgil on the Death of Quintilius")}}
In his 1878 book ''[[Human, All Too Human]]'', philosopher [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] argued that "being able to wait is so hard that the greatest poets did not disdain to make the inability to wait the theme of their poetry". He notes that "Passion will not wait", and gives the example of cases of duels, in which the "advising friends have to determine whether the parties involved might be able to wait a while longer. If they cannot, then a duel is reasonable [because]... to wait would be to continue suffering the horrible torture of offended honor...".{{cn|date=July 2023}}

== See also ==
* {{annotated link|[[Marshmallow test]]}}
* {{annotated link|[[Moral character]]}}
* {{section link|Queueing|Psychology}} – Psychological insight into people's queuing behavior
* {{section link|Self control|Research}} – Research into an aspect of inhibitory control
* {{annotated link|[[Slow movement (culture)]]}}
* {{annotated link|[[Time]]}}
* {{annotated link|[[Toleration]]}}
* {{annotated link|[[Waiting (disambiguation)]]}}

==References==<!-- CurrBiol17:1663. -->

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<nowiki/>{{Wiktionary}}
{{Commons category|Patience}}
{{Wikiquote}}

{{Catholic virtue ethics}}
{{Virtues}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Spirituality]]
[[Category:Emotions]]
[[Category:Time management]]
[[Category:Virtue]]
[[Category:Seven virtues]]
[[Category:Fruit of the Holy Spirit]]