View source for Patrick Joseph Hayes

{{Short description|American cardinal (1867–1938)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2012}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Patrick Joseph Hayes
| honorific-suffix = 
| title = [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|Archbishop of New York]]
| image = F. W. Wright, Patrick J. Hayes 1918.jpg
| caption = 
| archdiocese = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|New York]]
| appointed = March 10, 1919
| enthroned = March 19, 1919
| ended = September 4, 1938
| predecessor = [[John Murphy Farley]]
| successor = [[Francis Spellman]]
| ordination = September 8, 1892
| ordained_by = [[Michael Corrigan]]
| consecration = October 28, 1914
| consecrated_by = [[John Murphy Farley]]
| cardinal = March 24, 1924
| created_cardinal_by = [[Pope Pius XI|Pius XI]]
| rank = Cardinal-Priest
| other_post = [[Santa Maria in Via|Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Via]]<br> [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese for the Military Services|Vicar Apostolic for the United States Armed Forces]]
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|Auxiliary Bishop of New York]] (1914–1919)}}
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{birth date|1867|11|20|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|1938|9|4|1867|11|20|mf=y}}
| death_place = [[Monticello, New York|Monticello]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S.
| buried = [[St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York]]
| nationality = 
| religion = 
| residence = 
| parents = 
| spouse = 
| children = 
| occupation = 
| profession = 
| alma_mater = 
| signature = 
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Patrick Joseph Hayes.svg
| motto = Domine Mane Nobiscum<br> (Stay With Us O Lord)
}}

{{Ordination
| date of consecration = October 28, 1914
| consecrated by = [[John Murphy Farley]]
| bishop 1 = [[William F. O'Hare]], [[Society of Jesus|S.J.]]
| consecration date 1 = February 25, 1920
| bishop 2 = [[John Joseph Dunn]]
| consecration date 2 = October 28, 1921
| bishop 3 = [[Daniel Joseph Curley]]
| consecration date 3 = May 1, 1923
| bishop 4 = [[John Joseph Mitty]]
| consecration date 4 = September 8, 1926
| bishop 5 = [[Joseph Francis Rummel]]
| consecration date 5 = May 28, 1928
| bishop 6 = [[John Francis O'Hern]]
| consecration date 6 = March 9, 1929
| bishop 7 = [[James Edward Kearney]]
| consecration date 7 = October 28, 1932
| bishop 8 = [[James Hayes (archbishop)|James Thomas Gibbons Hayes]]
| consecration date 8 = June 18, 1933
| bishop 9 = [[Stephen Joseph Donahue]]
| consecration date 9 = May 1, 1934
| bishop 10 = [[Bartholomew J. Eustace]]
| consecration date 10 = March 25, 1938
}}
{{Infobox cardinal styles
| cardinal name = Patrick Hayes
| dipstyle      = [[His Eminence]]
| offstyle      = Your Eminence
| relstyle      = [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]]
| deathstyle    = none
| See           = New York
| image         = Coat of arms of Patrick Joseph Hayes.svg
| image_size    = 200px
}}

'''Patrick Joseph Hayes''' (November 20, 1867 – September 4, 1938) was an [[Catholic Church in the United States|American Catholic]] prelate who served as [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|Archbishop of New York]] from 1919 until his death. He was elevated to the [[College of Cardinals|cardinalate]] in 1924.

==Early life and education==
Patrick Hayes was born in the [[Five Points, Manhattan|Five Points]] section of [[Manhattan]] to Daniel Hayes and Mary Gleason.<ref name=cardinals>{{cite news|work=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church|title=Hayes, Joseph|url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1924.htm#Hayes|last=Miranda|first=Salvador}}</ref> In his own words, Hayes "was born very humble and, I may say, of poor people."<ref name=depression/> Both of his parents were from [[County Kerry]], [[Ireland]], and moved to the [[United States]] in 1864.<ref name=gen>{{cite news|work=Dictionary of American Biography|title=Hayes, Patrick Joseph|url=http://www.genforum.familytreemaker.com/hayes/messages/6937.html|access-date=March 23, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710223705/http://www.genforum.familytreemaker.com/hayes/messages/6937.html|archive-date=July 10, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> A younger brother, John, was born in 1870. Hayes' mother died in June 1872, and his father later remarried around 1876; a half-sister, Anastasia, was also born that year.<ref name=gen/> At age 15, he was sent to live with his aunt and uncle, who ran a [[grocery store]] where Hayes then worked.<ref name=gen/>

After attending [[La Salle Academy]], Hayes studied at [[Manhattan College]], where he excelled at [[philosophy]] and the [[classics]] and obtained a [[Bachelor of Arts|Bachelor of Arts degree]] with high honors in 1888.<ref name=gen/> At Manhattan, he also befriended [[George Mundelein]], who would later become [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago|Archbishop of Chicago]].<ref name=cleveland/> Hayes then attended [[St. Joseph's Seminary, Dunwoodie|St. Joseph's Seminary]] in [[Troy, New York|Troy]].<ref name=cardinals/>

==Priesthood==
Hayes was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priesthood]] by Archbishop [[Michael Corrigan]] on September 8, 1892.<ref name=cardinals/> He was then sent for further studies at the [[The Catholic University of America|Catholic University of America]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], earning a [[Licentiate of Sacred Theology]] in 1894.<ref name=gen/>

Upon his return to [[New York City]], Hayes was appointed [[Curate]] at St. Gabriel's Church on the [[Lower East Side]], where he served under its [[pastor]], [[John Murphy Farley]] (whom he would later succeed as [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|Archbishop of New York]]).<ref name=gen/> Hayes, following Farley's elevation to the [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopacy]], served as his [[Personal assistant|private secretary]] from 1895 to 1903, thereafter he was appointed [[Chancellor (ecclesiastical)|chancellor]] of the Archdiocese and [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|Rector]] of the [[Minor seminary|Cathedral College]].<ref name=gen/> He was named [[Monsignor|Domestic Prelate of His Holiness]] on October 15, 1907.<ref name=cardinals/>

==Early episcopal career==
===Auxiliary Bishop  of New York===
On July 3, 1914, Hayes was appointed [[Auxiliary bishop|Auxiliary Bishop]] of New York and [[Titular bishop|Titular Bishop]] of ''[[Thagaste]]'' by [[Pope Pius X]].<ref name=hierarchy>{{cite news|work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|title=Patrick Joseph Cardinal Hayes|url=http://www.Catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bhayesp.html}}</ref> He received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following October 28 from Cardinal Farley, with Bishops [[Henry Gabriels]] and [[Thomas Cusack (bishop)|Thomas Cusack]] serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]], at [[St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York|St. Patrick's Cathedral]].<ref name=hierarchy/>

===Bishop for the Military Services===
Hayes was later named [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA|Vicar Apostolic of Military, USA]], on November 24, 1917.<ref name=hierarchy/> Serving as head of the American [[military ordinariate]] during [[World War I]], he recruited hundreds of priests as [[Officer (armed forces)|commissioned officers]] or [[chaplain]]s.<ref name=gen/> He was also one of the four episcopal members of the executive committee of the [[National Catholic War Council]].<ref name=gen/>

==Archbishop of New York==
Following the death of Cardinal Farley in September 1918, Hayes was appointed by [[Pope Benedict XV]] as the fifth [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York|Archbishop of New York]] on March 10, 1919.<ref name=hierarchy/> He was formally [[Enthronement|installed]] as Archbishop on the following March 19.<ref name=cleveland>{{cite news|date=September 30, 1935|work=[[Time Magazine]]|title=Catholics in Cleveland|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,749143-2,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102231957/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,749143-2,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 2, 2012}}</ref> He founded the [[Diocese|archdiocesan]] [[Catholic Charities]] in 1920, and subsequently became known as "the Cardinal of Charities."<ref name=cleveland/> In a 1921 [[pastoral letter]], Hayes strongly condemned [[abortion]], [[Birth control|contraception]] and [[divorce]].<ref name=christmas>{{cite news|date=November 14, 1921|work=[[Catholic Family News]]|title=Christmas Pastoral Letter of Archbishop Hayes|url=http://www.cfnews.org/Hayes-Christmas.htm|last=Hayes|first=Patrick|access-date=January 17, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720012829/http://www.cfnews.org/Hayes-Christmas.htm|archive-date=July 20, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> He had the first convention of the [[American Birth Control League]] raided,<ref name=sanger>{{cite news|date=February 18, 1935|work=[[Time Magazine]]|title=Birth Control's 21st|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,748484,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222065337/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,748484,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 22, 2011}}</ref> and later called its members "prophets of decadence".<ref name=league>{{cite news|work=Margaret Sanger Papers Project|title="Sanger, Censorship, and the Catholic Church – The Latest Battle in a Long War," #6, Winter 1993/4|url=http://www.nyu.edu/projects/sanger/secure/newsletter/articles/sanger_censorship_and_Catholic_church.html|access-date=October 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011064441/http://www.nyu.edu/projects/sanger/secure/newsletter/articles/sanger_censorship_and_catholic_church.html|archive-date=October 11, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> He welcomed the election of [[Éamon de Valera]] as [[President of the Irish Republic]] and contributed $1,000 to [[Sinn Féin]].<ref name=gen/>

===Cardinal===
[[Pope Pius XI]] created him [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal Priest]] of [[Santa Maria in Via]] in the [[Papal consistory|consistory]] of March 24, 1924. It was speculated that the Pope delayed his elevation to the [[College of Cardinals|Sacred College of Cardinals]] because a group affiliated with New York's St. Patrick's Cathedral had stoned the [[Union Club of the City of New York|Union Club]] for flying a [[Union Flag|British flag]],{{Clarify|date=February 2022}} but Pius nevertheless warmly greeted Hayes at the consistory as "dear little brother".<ref name=cleveland/><ref name=americans>{{cite news|date=March 17, 1924|work=[[Time Magazine]]|title=Two Americans|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,717951,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121052117/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,717951,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 21, 2010}}</ref>

The cardinal opposed [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]], backed legislation to limit indecency on the stage, and endorsed unemployment relief during the [[Great Depression]]. Commenting on the Depression in 1931, he stated, "The American people are experiencing a return to religion following a period of carelessness and cynicism marked by the prosperity of the land...Now they are returning when they find they are in need of something greater than the material in facing adversity and stress."<ref name=depression>{{cite news|date=March 16, 1931|work=[[Time Magazine]]|title=Roman Senator|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,769561,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406104428/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,769561,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 6, 2008}}</ref>

After the Rev. [[Charles Coughlin]] praised the former [[Mayor of New York City|Mayor]] [[Jimmy Walker]] in New York, Hayes, who had earlier denounced Walker for his perceived lack of morality, ruled that no ecclesiastical visitor might address a religious gathering without the cardinal's permission.<ref name=coughlin>{{cite news|date=December 11, 1933|work=[[Time Magazine]]|title=Priest in Politics|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,746503,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215055509/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,746503,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 15, 2009}}</ref>

On June 24, 1924, he offered the [[invocation]] at the opening of the [[1924 Democratic National Convention]].<ref>Official Report of the Proceedings of the Democratic National Convention, published by the Democratic National Committee (1924)</ref> He used his [[Tammany Hall]] connections to line up [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] support in [[United States Congress|Congress]] for legislation protecting [[Catholic school]]s in the [[Philippines]] in 1932.<ref name=tammany>{{cite news|date=May 12, 2000|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=Politicians of the Cloth|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/12/opinion/politicians-of-the-cloth.html?n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes%20Topics%2FOrganizations%2FR%2FRoman%20Catholic%20Church%20|last=Morris|first=Charles R.}}</ref> During the Spanish Civil War, Hayes was outspoken in his support for the fascist-nationalist forces of [[General Franco]], "claiming that 'Loyalists are controlled by radicals and communists'."
<ref>{{Cite book|last=McGreevy|first=John T.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jxquri2Bn5UC&dq=cardinal+hayes+supported+the+fascist+causd&pg=PA172|title=Catholicism and American Freedom: A History|date=2004-09-17|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=978-0-393-32608-6|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hemingway and the Fascist Salute — Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY|url=https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101992012|access-date=2022-02-10|website=wol.jw.org}}</ref>

Hayes had a [[summer house]] in the [[Catskill Mountains]], near St. Joseph's camp, maintained by the Amityville [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] [[nun]]s; he once encountered a group of [[Ku Klux Klan|Klansmen]] there.<ref name=cleveland/>

==Death and legacy==
In September 1938, Hayes died from a [[Myocardial infarction|heart attack]], caused by [[coronary thrombosis]], in [[Monticello, New York]], at age 70.<ref name=death>{{cite news|date=September 12, 1938|work=[[Time Magazine]]|title=Death of Hayes|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,760192,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826074638/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,760192,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 26, 2010}}</ref>

[[Cardinal Hayes High School]] in [[The Bronx]] is named after him.

==Images==
[[File:Cardinal Patrick Joseph Hayes.jpg|thumb|left|235px|Hayes as the Archdiocesan Chancellor and President of Cathedral College]]
[[File:Patrick Cardinal Hayes.jpg|thumb|235px|Cardinal Hayes on the September 30, 1935, cover of [[Time (magazine)|''Time'']]]]
{{clear}}

==See also==
{{wikisource|works=or}}
{{Portal|Catholicism}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Catholic Church hierarchy]]
* [[Catholic Church in the United States]]
* [[Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States]]
* [[Insignia of chaplain schools in the United States military]]
* [[International Military Chiefs of Chaplains Conference]]
* [[List of Catholic bishops of the United States]]
* [[List of the Catholic bishops of the United States#Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA|List of Catholic bishops of the United States: military service]]
* [[Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops]]
* [[Military chaplain]]
* [[Religious symbolism in the United States military]]
* [[United States military chaplains]]
{{div col end}}
<!-- please keep entries in alphabetical order -->

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikiquote}}

* [https://www.archny.org/ Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York], official website
* [http://www.milarch.org/ Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA], official website
* [http://www.gCatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/unit0.htm Archdiocese for the Military Services of the United States]. GCatholic.org. Retrieved 2010-08-20.

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box | before=— | title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese for the Military Services|Apostolic Vicar for the Military Services]] | years=1917 – 1938| after=[[Francis Spellman]] }}
{{succession box | before=[[John Murphy Farley]] | title=[[Archdiocese of New York|Archbishop of New York]] | years=1919 – 1938| after=[[Francis Spellman]] }}
{{succession box | before=&ndash; | title=[[Archdiocese of New York|Auxiliary Bishop of New York]] | years=1914 – 1919| after=&ndash; }}
{{s-end}}

{{Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York}}
{{Roman Catholic Military Ordinariates}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hayes, Patrick}}
[[Category:1867 births]]
[[Category:1938 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American cardinals]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholic clergy of Irish descent]]
[[Category:Catholic University of America alumni]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic archbishops of New York]]
[[Category:Manhattan College alumni]]
[[Category:American military chaplains]]
[[Category:Burials at St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan)]]
[[Category:World War I chaplains]]
[[Category:People from Five Points, Manhattan]]
[[Category:Bishops appointed by Pope Benedict XV]]