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{{Short description|American politician (1927–2002)}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use shortened footnotes|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Patsy Mink
| image               = Patsy Mink 1994 portrait (cropped).tif
| alt                 = Portrait of a woman in a blue suit adorned with a pearl necklace
| caption             = Official portrait, {{circa|1994}}
| state               = [[Hawaii]]
| term_start          = September 22, 1990
| term_end            = September 28, 2002
| predecessor         = [[Daniel Akaka]]
| successor           = [[Ed Case]]
| constituency        = {{ushr|HI|2|2nd district}}
| term_start1         = January 3, 1965
| term_end1           = January 3, 1977
| predecessor1        = [[Thomas Gill (politician)|Thomas Gill]]
| successor1          = [[Daniel Akaka]]
| constituency1       = {{ushr|HI|AL|At-large Seat B}} (1965–1971)<br>{{ushr|HI|2|C}} (1971–1977)
| office2             = Member of the [[Honolulu City Council]]<br>from the 9th district
| term_start2         = December 1, 1982
| term_end2           = December 1, 1986
| predecessor2        = 
| successor2          = John DeSoto
| office3             = 3rd [[Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs]]
| president3          = [[Jimmy Carter]]
| term_start3         = March 28, 1977
| term_end3           = May 1, 1978
| predecessor3        = [[Frederick Irving]]
| successor3          = [[Thomas R. Pickering]]
| office4             = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Secretary of the House Democratic Caucus]]
| leader4             = [[Carl Albert]]
| term_start4         = January 3, 1975
| term_end4           = January 3, 1977
| predecessor4        = [[Leonor Sullivan]]
| successor4          = [[Shirley Chisholm]]
| birth_name          = Patsy Matsu Takemoto
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1927|12|6}}
| birth_place         = Hāmākua Poko, [[Territory of Hawaii|Hawaii Territory]]
| death_date          = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|2002|9|28|1927|12|6}}}}
| death_place         = [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]], U.S.
| restingplace        = [[National Cemetery of the Pacific]]
| party               = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| spouse              = John Mink
| children            = 1
| education           = [[Wilson College (Pennsylvania)|Wilson College]]<br>[[University of Nebraska–Lincoln|University of Nebraska]]<br>[[University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])<br>[[University of Chicago]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]])
| module              = {{Listen |pos=center |embed=yes |filename=Rep. Patsy Mink on the Legacy of Mike Masaoka.ogg |title=Mink's voice |type=speech |description=Mink honoring [[Mike Masaoka]], a [[Japanese-American]] lobbyist.<br>Recorded July 25, 1991}}
| module2             = {{Infobox Chinese/Japanese
    | japanese          =  竹本 マツ
    | romaji            =  Takemoto Matsu
}}
}}
'''Patsy Matsu Mink''' ({{née}} '''Takemoto'''; {{langx|ja|竹本 マツ}},<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hojishinbun.hoover.org/?a=d&d=tht19530818-01.1.6&srpos=1&e=-------en-10-,jnh-1--txt-%E7%AB%B9%E6%9C%AC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%84------|title=Hawaii Times 1953.08.18 — Hoji Shinbun Digital Collection|website=hojishinbun.hoover.org}}</ref> December 6, 1927 – September 28, 2002) was an American attorney and politician from the [[U.S. state]] of [[Hawaii]] who served in the [[United States House of Representatives]] for 24 years as a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], initially from 1965 to 1977, and again from 1990 until her death in 2002. She was the first [[Person of color|Woman of Color]] and first [[Asian American|Asian-American]] woman elected to Congress, and is known for her work on legislation advancing women's rights and education.

Mink was a [[sansei|third-generation]] [[Japanese American]], having been born and raised on the island of [[Maui]]. After graduating as [[valedictorian]] of the [[Maui High School]] class in 1944, she attended the [[University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa]] for two years and subsequently enrolled at the [[University of Nebraska–Lincoln|University of Nebraska]], where she experienced racism and worked to have [[Racial segregation|segregation]] [[Separate but equal|policies]] eliminated. After illness forced her to return to Hawaii to complete her studies there, she applied to 12 medical schools to continue her education but was rejected by all of them. Following a suggestion by her employer, she opted to study law and was accepted at the [[University of Chicago Law School]] in 1948. While there, she met and married a graduate student in geology, John Francis Mink. When they graduated in 1951, Patsy was unable to find employment and after the birth of their daughter in 1952, the couple moved to Hawaii.

When she was refused the right to take the bar examination, due to the loss of her Hawaiian territorial residency upon marriage, Mink challenged the statute. Though she won the right to take the test and passed the examination, she could not find public or private employment because she was married and had a child. Mink's father helped her open her own practice in 1953 and around the same time she became a member of the Democratic Party. Hoping to work legislatively to change discriminatory customs through law, she worked as an attorney for the Hawaiian territorial legislature in 1955. The following year, she ran for a seat in the territorial [[Hawaii House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]. Winning the race, she became the first Japanese-American woman to serve in the territorial House and two years later, the first woman to serve in the territorial [[Hawaii Senate|Senate]], when she won her campaign for the upper house. In 1960, Mink gained national attention when she spoke in favor of the [[Civil rights movement|civil rights platform]] at the [[Democratic National Convention]] in Los Angeles. In 1962 she was elected to the new [[Hawaii Senate|Hawaii State Senate]] becoming the first Asian-American woman to be elected and serve in a state legislature in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nguyen |first=Therese |date=2021-04-07 |title=The Story Of The First Asian-American Woman Elected To Congress |url=https://www.grunge.com/376258/the-story-of-the-first-asian-american-woman-elected-to-congress/ |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=Grunge |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 1964, Mink ran for federal office and won a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. She served a total of 12 terms (24 years), split between representing Hawaii's [[Hawaii's at-large congressional district|at-large]] congressional district from 1965 to 1977 and [[Second Congressional District of Hawaii|second]] congressional district from 1990 to 2002. While in Congress in the late 1960s, she introduced the first comprehensive initiatives under the [[Early Childhood Education Act]], which included the first federal child-care bill and worked on the [[Elementary and Secondary Education Act]] of 1965. In 1970, she became the first person to oppose a [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] nominee on the basis of discrimination against women. Mink initiated a lawsuit which led to significant changes to presidential authority under the [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)|Freedom of Information Act]] in 1971. In 1972, she co-authored the [[Title IX|Title IX Amendment of the Higher Education Act]],<ref name="LoC"/> later renamed the Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act in 2002.

Mink was the first East Asian-American woman to seek the presidential nomination of the Democratic Party. She ran in the [[1972 United States presidential election|1972 election]], entering the [[Democratic Party (United States) presidential primaries, 1972|Oregon primary]] as an anti-war candidate. She was the federal [[Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs|Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs]] from 1977 to 1979. From 1980 to 1982, Mink served as the president of [[Americans for Democratic Action]] and then returned to [[Honolulu]], where she was elected to the [[Honolulu City Council]], which she chaired until 1985. In 1990, she was again elected to the U.S. House, serving until her death in 2002.

==Family background==
Patsy Matsu Takemoto was born on December 6, 1927, at the sugar plantation camp, [[Hamakuapoko, Hawaii|Hāmākua Poko]], near [[Paia, Hawaii|Paia]], on the island of [[Maui]].{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=572}}{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=246}} She was a ''[[sansei]]'', or third-generation descendant of Japanese immigrants.{{sfn|Nomura|1998|pp=288, 290}} Her mother, Mitama Tateyama, was a [[homemaker]],{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=246}}{{sfn|Leavitt|1985|p=183}} and the daughter of Gojiro Tateyama and Tsuru Wakashige.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=574}}{{sfn|FamilySearch|1905}} Their family, which had 11 children, lived in a [[shack]] by the Waikamoi Stream. William Pogue, Gojiro's employer, arranged to have Tateyama's daughters educated at the Maunaolu Seminary, a [[boarding school]] for [[Christians|Christian]] girls located in the town of [[Makawao, Hawaii|Makawao]].{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=574}}

Takemoto's maternal grandparents were both born in the [[Empire of Japan]] during the 19th century.{{sfn|FamilySearch|1933}} Gojiro Tateyama arrived in the [[Territory of Hawaii]] late in the century, and was employed on a [[sugarcane]] [[Sugar plantations in Hawaii|plantation]]. He later moved to Maui, where he was initially employed as a worker for the [[East Maui Irrigation Company]]. Subsequently, he was employed as a [[store manager]] and [[filling station]] employee. He also delivered mail throughout the [[backcountry]] of Maui.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=574}}

Her father, Suematsu Takemoto, was a [[civil engineer]].{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=246}}{{sfn|Leavitt|1985|p=183}} He graduated from the [[University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa]] in 1922, the first Japanese American to graduate from the University of Hawaii with a degree in civil engineering. For several years, he was the only Japanese-American civil engineer working at the sugar plantation in Maui.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=573}} Suematsu was passed over for promotion to chief engineer several times during his career, the positions instead being offered to mostly [[white American]]s. He resigned his local position in 1945 in the aftermath of [[World War II]], and moved to [[Honolulu, Hawaii|Honolulu]] with his family, where he established his own [[Surveying|land surveying company]].{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=574}}

==Early years and education==
Takemoto began her education at the Hāmākua Poko Grammar School when she was four and then transferred in 4th grade to the Kaunoa English Standard School{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=246}} a mostly-white school attended only by students who could speak English and pass the entrance examination. She felt isolated and found the atmosphere unfriendly.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=576}} She entered [[Maui High School]] one year before Honolulu was [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|attacked by Japan]]. Despite the local Japanese being treated as if they were enemies, Takemoto ran for and won her first election, becoming student body president in her senior year.{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=246}}{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=577}} She was the first girl to serve as president of the student body{{sfn|Mertens|2012|p=46}}{{sfn|Lee|2018}} and graduated as class [[valedictorian]] in 1944.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=578}}

[[File:University of Hawaii Oratorical Contest Winners 1948.png|thumb|alt=Photograph of a group of four young women standing between two young men.|University of Hawaii Oratorical Contest Winners 1948 – L-R: front, Esther Belarmino, 3rd place; Patsy Takemoto, 1st place; Eichi Oki, finalist; back, Barry Rubin, finalist; Alice Mayo, finalist; and [[Jean King|Jean McKillop]], 2nd place]]
Takemoto moved to Honolulu where she attended the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa with medical school and a career in medicine her ultimate goal. During her sophomore year, she was elected president of the Pre-Medical Students Club and was selected as a member of the varsity debate team. In 1946, she decided to move to the mainland and spent one semester enrolled at [[Wilson College (Pennsylvania)|Wilson College]], a small women's college in [[Chambersburg, Pennsylvania]].{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=578}} Unsatisfied with the school, Takemoto transferred to the [[University of Nebraska–Lincoln|University of Nebraska]]. The university had a long-standing [[racial segregation]] policy whereby students of color lived in different dormitories from the [[white people|white]] students. This angered Takemoto, and she organized and created a coalition of students, parents, administrators, employees, alumni, sponsoring businesses and corporations. She was elected president of the Unaffiliated Students of the University of Nebraska, a "separate" student government for non-white students who were prevented from joining fraternities, sororities, and regular dormitories. Takemoto and her coalition successfully lobbied to end the university's segregation policies the same year.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=579}}

Although her campaign was successful, in 1947 Takemoto experienced a serious thyroid condition that required surgery and moved back to Honolulu to recover and finish her final year of college at the University of Hawaii.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=580}} In 1948, she earned [[bachelor's degree]]s in [[zoology]] and [[chemistry]] from the university.{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=246}} She began applying to medical schools, but none of the dozen schools to which she applied would accept her because she was a woman, especially as they were receiving large numbers of applications from returning veterans. She briefly worked as a typist at [[Hickam Air Force Base]] and then went to work at the [[Honolulu Academy of Arts]]. Her supervisor there, Jessie Purdy Restarick, encouraged her to consider a career in law.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=580}}

Takemoto applied to both [[Columbia University]] and the [[University of Chicago Law School]] in the summer of 1948. Columbia rejected her outright, as the term was starting within months.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=580}} The University of Chicago admitted her as a foreign student<ref name="LoC"/>{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=581}} and there was only one other woman in her class. Although she had a difficult time adjusting to the harsh winters{{sfn|Mertens|2012|p=46}} and found her courses tedious, Takemoto became a popular figure at the International House.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=581}} While playing [[Contract bridge|bridge]] there one evening, she met John Francis Mink, a former [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] navigator and [[World War II]] veteran,{{sfn|Borreca|2005|p=C5}} who was enrolled in geology classes.{{sfn|Mertens|2012|p=48}} Against her parents' wishes, she and Mink married in January 1951, six months after meeting.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=582}} That spring, she obtained her [[Juris Doctor]] degree{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=246}}{{sfn|Leavitt|1985|p=183}} and John graduated as well, with a master's degree in geology.{{sfn|Mertens|2012|p=48}}

==Early career==
===Law===
Unable to find work as a married, female, Asian-American attorney, Mink returned to her student job at the University of Chicago Law School library while her husband found work immediately with the [[U.S. Steel|United States Steel Corporation]]. In 1952, she gave birth to daughter Gwendolyn (Wendy),{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=582}} who later became an educator and prominent author on law, poverty, and women's issues.{{sfn|Mertens|2012|p=46}} In August the family decided to move to Hawaii where John found work with the [[Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association]].{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=582}} To practice law, Mink needed to pass her bar examination, but when she applied her residency was questioned.{{#tag:ref|The [[Cable Act]] of 1922 had repealed the federal statute which required a woman to give up her citizenship in favor of her husband's,{{sfn|Hacker|2014|pp=57–58}} if her husband was a citizen or eligible to be naturalized.{{sfn|Hacker|2014|p=59}} Amendments to the Cable Act continued until 1940 before married women were granted their own status as citizens without restriction.{{sfn|Hacker|2014|pp=60–61}} However, until the 1960s, legislative variations among the states led to extremely different civil rights for women within the federal system depending upon their residency.{{sfn|Carlson|2007|p=262}}|group="Notes"}}{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=246}}{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|pp=582–583}} The territorial law, in force at the time regarding married women, had removed her Hawaiian residency, making her a resident of her husband's state.{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=246}} Proving that she had never resided in her husband's home state of Pennsylvania, she challenged the territorial law as [[sexist]].{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=246}}{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|pp=582–583}} [[Attorney General of Hawaii|Hawaii's attorney general]] ruled in her favor and allowed her to take the examination as a Hawaii resident.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=583}} Passing the test, Mink became "the first Japanese-American woman licensed to practice law in Hawaii".{{sfn|Gootman|2002}}

[[File:Young Democratic Club of Hawaii 1954.png|thumb|alt=Photograph of a young woman looking at a paper, surrounded by four men.|Young Democratic Club of Hawaii 1954: – L-R: seated Representative [[O. Vincent Esposito]], Patsy Mink (chair), and Senator William H. Heen; standing, Duke Cahill (secretary) and W. C. Wong (vice-chair)]]
Despite passing the bar exam in June 1953, Mink continued to face discrimination as she sought employment as an attorney. No firms in the private or public sector, even those headed by Japanese Americans, were willing to hire a married woman with a child.<ref name="LoC"/>{{sfn|Mertens|2012|p=48}}{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=583}} With the help of her father, she established a private firm and began teaching law courses at the University of Hawaii to earn money while she built her practice.{{sfn|Leavitt|1985|p=183}}{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=583}} With the opening of her firm, Mink became the first Asian-American woman to practice law in the Hawaiian territory.{{sfn|Mertens|2012|p=46}} Her firm took cases in [[Criminal law|criminal]] and [[family law]], which other firms typically avoided.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=583}} She began to be active in politics{{sfn|Leavitt|1985|p=183}} and founded the Everyman Organization, a group that served as the hub of the Young Democrats club on Oahu. She was elected "chairman of the territory-wide Young Democrats", which according to Esther K. Arinaga and Renee E. Ojiri was "a group that would wield a remarkable influence over Hawaiian politics for several decades".{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=583}}

===State and territorial politics===
In 1954, Mink worked on the congressional campaign of [[John A. Burns]], though he lost the race.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=583}} The following year, she worked as staff attorney during the 1955 legislative session and drafted statutes, while observing the inner-workings of the legislature.{{sfn|Leavitt|1985|p=183}}{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=583}} As the Territory of Hawaii debated statehood in 1956, Mink was elected to the Hawaiian Territorial Legislature<ref name="LoC"/> representing the Fifth District in the territorial [[Hawaii House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]. Surprising the Democratic party leadership with her win,{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=585}} she became the first woman with Japanese ancestry to serve in the territorial House. Two years later, she was the first woman to serve in the territorial [[Hawaii Senate|Senate]].{{sfn|Leavitt|1985|p=183}}{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=586}} In 1959, Hawaii became the 50th state of the Union and Mink ran in the Democratic primary for the state's at-large [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. congressional]] seat. She was defeated by Territorial Senator [[Daniel Inouye]].<ref name="LoC"/>{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=247}}{{sfn|''The Honolulu Star-Bulletin''|1959a|p=23}}{{sfn|''The Honolulu Star-Bulletin''|1959b|p=3}} From 1962 to 1964, Mink served in the [[Hawaii State Senate]].{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=587}}{{sfn|United States Congress M000797|2020}}

[[File:Official Portrait of the Hawaii Territorial Senate, 1958.png|thumb|alt=Photograph of 24 men both standing and seated surrounding a lone seated woman, in front of an American flag hanging between two Hawaiian flags|Mink, the sole woman in the 1958 Hawaii Territorial Senate]]
During her time in the territorial legislature, Mink was known for her liberal positions and independent decision-making.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=586}}{{sfn|Leavitt|1985|p=184}} On her first day in office as a congresswoman in 1955, she submitted a successful resolution protesting British nuclear testing in the Pacific.{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=247}} Dealing with a broad spectrum of socio-economic issues, she worked on legislation covering education, employment, housing, poverty, and taxation. She authored a bill in 1957 to grant "equal pay for equal work", regardless of gender, and was a staunch supporter of improving education, supporting legislation to increase per capita spending to better provide for children.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=586}}{{sfn|''The Honolulu Advertiser''|1957|p=2}} In 1960, Mink became vice-president of the National Young Democratic Clubs of America and worked on the [[Democratic National Convention]]'s Platform Committee drafting team.{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=247}} That year at the [[1960 Democratic National Convention|national convention]] in [[Los Angeles]], she gained recognition when she spoke on the party's position in regard to civil rights. She urged that equal opportunity and equal protection be afforded to all Americans.{{sfn|Mertens|2012|p=48}} Motions to restrict the [[Civil rights movement|civil rights platform]] made by North Carolina Senator [[Sam Ervin]] were defeated and a platform to ensure equal rights and equal protection under the law to all citizens passed with the approval of two-thirds of the party.{{sfn|Roberts|1960|p=44-45}}{{sfn|Library of Congress|2008|p=20}}

== Federal politics ==
[[File:Washington, D.C. Women members of United States Congress, Seated, Senator Maurine Newberger, Oregon, Representative... - NARA - 541939.tif|thumb|alt=A group photograph of 12 women, three sitting and 9 standing, wearing business dresses|1965 Congresswomen — L-R: Seated, Senator [[Maurine Neuberger]], Oregon; Representative [[Frances Bolton]], Ohio; Senator [[Margaret Chase Smith]], Maine; Standing, Representatives, [[Florence Dwyer]], New Jersey; [[Martha Griffiths]], Michigan; [[Edith Green]], Oregon; Patsy Mink, Hawaii; [[Leonor Sullivan]], Missouri; [[Julia Hansen]], Washington; [[Catherine Dean May|Catherine May]], Washington; [[Edna Kelly]], New York; and [[Charlotte Thompson Reid|Charlotte Reid]], Illinois.]]

===U.S. Representative (1965–1977)===
Deciding to vie for a federal seat, Mink campaigned and won a post in the [[1964 United States House of Representatives elections|U.S. House]].{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=587}} As a result, she became the first woman from Hawaii elected to Congress,{{sfn|Zhao|2009|p=75}} the first [[Person of color|woman of color]] elected to the House,<ref name="LoC"/>{{sfn|Democratic National Committee|2007}} the "youngest member from the youngest state, as well as the first Japanese-American woman member in Congress".<ref name="LoC"/>{{sfn|Leavitt|1985|p=184}} Serving six consecutive terms, she was in office from 1965 to 1977.{{sfn|United States Congress M000797|2020}}{{sfn|Leavitt|1985|p=184}} Her independent nature continued to guide her decisions{{sfn|Mertens|2012|p=49}} and she focused on issues that had been important to her in the Hawaiian legislature, such as children, education, and gender equality.{{sfn|Mertens|2012|p=48}} Mink supported the [[Great Society]] programs of President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], though she was openly critical of the [[Vietnam War]].{{sfn|Glass|2017}}<ref name="LoC"/>

Seeking and attaining a post on the Committee on Education and Labor, on which she would serve throughout her first tenure (1965–1977), Mink introduced in the late 1960s the first comprehensive initiatives under the [[Early Childhood Education Act]], which included the first federal child-care bill and bills establishing bilingual education, [[Head Start (program)|Head Start]], school lunch programs, [[special education]], student loans, and teacher sabbaticals.{{sfn|Mertens|2012|p=48}}{{sfn|Office of the Historian|Clerk of the House|2003}}{{sfn|McAleer|Femia|Brooks|2007|p=7}} She also worked on the [[Elementary and Secondary Education Act]] of 1965 and bills promoting adult education, Asian studies, career guidance programs, and vocational education. Her day-care bill proposed in 1967, was the first bill of its kind to pass both houses of Congress. Passed in 1971, the bill was vetoed by President [[Richard Nixon]].{{sfn|McAleer|Femia|Brooks|2007|p=7}}{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=588}} In her second term, during the [[90th United States Congress|90th Congress]], Mink was appointed to the [[United States House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs|Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs]].{{sfn|Office of the Historian|Clerk of the House|2003}}

[[File:Patsy Mink Lyndon Johnson.jpg|thumb|200px|left|alt=A photograph of a man and a woman wearing leis waving to the photographer standing on the landing of a Pan Am Airlines boarding ramp|Mink with Lyndon Johnson after his trip to Hawaii for a conference on the Vietnam War, February 1966]]

In 1970, Mink became the first Democratic woman to deliver a [[State of the Union#Opposition response|State of the Union]] response and only the second woman to respond to the address.{{sfn|Woodruff|2015}} That year, she was the first witness to testify against President Nixon's [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] nominee [[G. Harrold Carswell|George Harrold Carswell]]. In her testimony, she cited his refusal to hear the case brought to the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit|5th Circuit Court of Appeals]] regarding Ida Phillips' employment discrimination case. Phillips had been denied a position because she was a woman with children and Mink's objection highlighted, for the first time in an evaluation of a court nominee, the inequalities faced by working women. Carswell would eventually be rejected by the Senate. [[Harry Blackmun]], who wrote the majority opinion in ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'', would later be confirmed instead.{{sfn|Lee|2018}}

Mink sued the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]] in 1971, to obtain copies of documents that were being withheld by Nixon's office with regard to nuclear testing on [[Amchitka Island]]. Believing that under the [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)|Freedom of Information Act]] agency reports connected to the test should be released, she led 32 congress members in the attempt to secure the reports. The District Court ruled that the documents "were exempt from compelled disclosure" and the test was performed in November 1971. The [[United States courts of appeals|Court of Appeals]] reversed the decision of the lower court ruling that an ''[[in camera]]'' inspection of sensitive documents might determine that some could be released. Escalated to the Supreme Court, the decision issued reversed the appeals decision and confirmed that court inspection could not override the executive's exemption. The Court did allow that Congress could change the law with regard to the regulation of executive actions. In 1974, Congress authorized private scrutiny of documents withheld by the executive. President [[Gerald Ford]] vetoed the legislation, but his veto was overridden by Congress.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|pp=588–589}}

Frustrated by the roll-backs by the Nixon administration of civil liberties and the continuance of the Vietnam War, Mink entered the presidential race in 1971 hoping to become the Democratic Party's nominee.{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=248}}{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=590}} She was the first Asian-American woman to run for president.{{sfn|Ettinger|McDowell|2020}} As Hawaii had no primary, her name appeared on the Oregon ballot for 1972,{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=248}}{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=590}} as an anti-war candidate.{{sfn|Kua|2002}} During her campaign, she flew to Paris with [[Bella Abzug]], U.S. Representative of New York, to press for the resumption of [[Paris Peace Accords|peace talks]]. Arriving in April, the women met with [[Nguyễn Thị Bình]], foreign minister for [[North Vietnam]], as well as representatives for the [[South Vietnam]]ese and United States governments.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=590}} Her actions drew strong criticism, fostering a campaign by Democrats in her home state to oppose her next term in Congress.{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=248}} In May, she lost the presidential primary, failing to secure enough delegates to support her candidacy, earning only 2% of the 50 potential delegates.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=590}}{{sfn|Walsh|1972|p=1}} [[File:Patsy Mink 1970s.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Photographic portrait of a smiling Asian woman in a sleeveless blouse|1972 campaign poster image from the Patsy Mink for President Committee]]

Mink co-authored and advocated for the passage of [[Title IX Amendment of the Higher Education Act]], prohibiting gender discrimination by federally funded institutions of higher education.<ref name="LoC">{{cite web |last1=Novara |first1=Elizabeth |title=Patsy Takemoto Mink's Title IX Legacy |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/manuscripts/2022/06/patsy-takemoto-minks-title-ix-legacy/ |website=Unfolding History: Manuscripts at the Library of Congress |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=23 June 2022 |date=23 June 2022}}</ref> President Nixon signed the Act into law in 1972.{{sfn|Lee|2018}} She also introduced the [[Women's Educational Equity Act]] of 1974,{{sfn|Glass|2017}}{{sfn|McAleer|Femia|Brooks|2007|p=7}} which allocated funds for the promotion of gender equity in schools. The law opened employment and education opportunities for women and opposed gender stereotypes in curricula and textbooks.<ref name="LoC"/>{{sfn|Mertens|2012|p=48}} In addition to her work on education issues, Mink promoted numerous laws that dealt with other issues important to women. These included the [[Consumer Product Safety Act|Consumer Product Safety]] and Equal Employment Opportunity Acts of 1972; the [[Equal Credit Opportunity Act]] of 1974;{{sfn|McAleer|Femia|Brooks|2007|p=7}} and various bills dealing with discrimination in insurance practices, pensions, retirement benefits, social security, survivor's benefits and taxation; equitable jury service; health care issues; housing discrimination based on marital status; and privacy issues. In 1973, she authored and introduced the Equal Rights for Women Act (H.R. 4034), which never made it out of committee, and she supported the ratification of the [[Equal Rights Amendment]].{{sfn|McAleer|Femia|Brooks|2007|p=7}}{{sfn|U.S. Congress|2002}}

In 1975, Mink attended the [[World Conference on Women, 1975|World Conference on Women]] held in [[Mexico City]] from mid-June to early July.{{sfn|McAleer|Femia|Brooks|2007|p=7}} Together with Abzug and Representative [[Margaret Heckler]] of Massachusetts, she pledged to sponsor and support legislation for a U.S. women's conference for the [[United States Bicentennial]].{{sfn|''The Charlotte News''|1975|p=5A}} When they returned home, Abzug introduced HR 9924, co-sponsored by Mink and others, which granted $5&nbsp;million in total taxpayer contributions (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|5000000|1975|r=1}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars) for both state and [[National Women's Conference]]s. It was signed into law by President Ford.{{sfn|U.S. Congress|1975}}{{sfn|Threinen|2001}} Later that year, an effort was made to exempt school athletics from the provisions of Title IX via the Casey Amendment. The Amendment proposed allowing schools to determine whether they would provide equal funding for men's and women's sporting activities. The exemption was struck from the Senate version of the appropriations bill. In the House, though Mink had lobbied heavily against the amendment to the appropriations bill (H.R. 5901), immediately before the vote was called she left the chamber, having received an emergency message that her daughter had been in a serious car accident in New York. In a 211 against and 212 for vote, the appropriation bill passed with the Casey Amendment intact. Upon her return from New York, Speaker [[Carl Albert]] of Oklahoma and other members of the House called for a revote due to the circumstances. July 17 members revoted and with 215 in favor to 178 against, the Casey Amendment was rejected; so protecting the anti-discrimination provisions of Title IX.{{sfn|Office of the Historian|Clerk of the House|2003}}{{sfn|''The Lansing State Journal''|1975|p=C3}}

Throughout her tenure, Mink was involved in many congressional activities, including serving as vice-chair of the Democratic Study Group from 1966 through 1971. In 1968, she served as chair of the House-Senate Ad Hoc Committee on Poverty. From 1972 to 1976, she served on the House Budget Committee, chaired the Insular Affairs Subcommittee on mines and mining from 1973 to 1977 and from 1975 to 1976 was part of the Select Committee on the Outer Continental Shelf.{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=248}} In 1976, learning that she had been given the experimental drug [[diethylstilbestrol]], during her pregnancy, which unwittingly placed both her and her daughter at risk of developing cancer, Mink brought a [[Class action|class action lawsuit]] against [[Eli Lilly and Company]] and the [[University of Chicago]]. The settlement entitled all 1,000 women affected, and their children, to free lifetime diagnostic testing and treatment at the [[University of Chicago Medical Center|Chicago Lying-In Clinic]].{{sfn|Mertens|2012|p=49}}{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=592}} That year, she also filed a complaint with the [[Federal Communications Commission]] which successfully required radio stations to provide equal air time to opposing views.{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=249}} Mink introduced the [[Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977|Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act]], which was enacted in 1977.{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=248}} From 1975 to 1977, during the [[94th Congress]], she was elected to a position in the House Democratic leadership, as [[Democratic Caucus Vice Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Secretary of the House Democratic Caucus]].{{sfn|Office of the Clerk|2011}}

===U.S. Assistant Secretary of State (1977–1978)===
In 1976, Mink gave up her seat in Congress to run for a vacancy in the United States Senate created by the retirement of Senator [[Hiram Fong]]. After she lost the [[Partisan primary|primary election]] for the Senate seat to Hawaii's other U.S. Representative, [[Spark Matsunaga]], President [[Jimmy Carter]] appointed Mink as [[Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs]].{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=592}} She worked on environmental issues such as [[deep sea mining]], toxic waste, and whale protection, holding the post from March 1977 to May 1978.{{sfn|United States Congress M000797|2020}}{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=248}}

==Return to the private sector (1980–1987)==
Mink resigned from the Carter Administration in 1980, accepting a position as president of the [[Americans for Democratic Action]] in Washington, D. C. She was the first woman to head the national organization and served three consecutive one-year terms.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=593}} Returning to Honolulu, she was elected to the [[Honolulu City Council]] in 1983, serving as chair until 1985.{{sfn|United States Congress M000797|2020}} She was regularly on opposite sides to the Republican Mayor of Honolulu [[Frank Fasi]], who was elected in 1984,{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=593}} though she remained on the council until 1987.{{sfn|United States Congress M000797|2020}} In 1986 she ran for governor of Hawaii and in 1988 for mayor of Honolulu, but was not successful in either bid for office.{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=248}} When she left the city council, Mink began working for The Public Reporter, a watchdog committee that monitored and published reports on voting records and pending legislation. She also led the Hawaii Coalition on Global Affairs, a group which sponsored public lectures and workshops on international issues.{{sfn|Viotti|1989|p=B1}}

==Return to Congress (1990–2002)==
[[File:Formation of the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus.jpg|thumb|270px|left|alt=A photograph of a woman standing at a podium, behind whom are a group of four men and one woman standing against a draped wall with a bookcase|Mink announcing the formation of the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus]]

In 1990, Mink was elected to complete the remaining term of her successor in the House, [[Daniel Akaka]]. Akaka had been appointed to the Senate to succeed Matsunaga, who had recently died in office. She was elected to a full term six weeks later, and subsequently was reelected six times.{{sfn|Arinaga|Ojiri|2003|p=594}} That year, she opposed the [[Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination|Supreme Court nominee]] [[Clarence Thomas]]. When the Senate Judiciary Committee denied [[Anita Hill]] the opportunity to give testimony, Mink, and other congresswomen, including [[Barbara Boxer]] of California, [[Louise Slaughter]] of New York, and [[Pat Schroeder]] of Colorado, marched to the [[United States Capitol|Capitol]] to protest the decision. Their protest was carried on the front page of ''[[The New York Times]]'' and Hill was later allowed to testify.{{sfn|Lee|2018}}

In her second tenure as a House member, Mink worked to revive protections in the socio-economic programs she had worked for in her first six terms, which had been scaled back by subsequent administrations.{{sfn|Glass|2017}} From 1990 to 1993, she worked on legislation sponsoring the Ovarian Cancer Research Act and amendments to the Higher Education Act. In 1992, she was honored by the [[American Bar Association]] with the Margaret Brent Women Lawyers Achievement Award for professional excellence.{{sfn|Fugita|1999|p=249}} She co-sponsored the Gender Equity Act of 1993, pressed for universal health care,{{sfn|Glass|2017}} and introduced a bill to protect reproductive decisions as an individual right.{{sfn|McAleer|Femia|Brooks|2007|p=11}}{{sfn|U.S. Congress|2002}} She worked on legislation regarding displaced homemakers, minimum wage increases, occupational safety, pay inequality, and violence against women.{{sfn|McAleer|Femia|Brooks|2007|p=11}}

[[File:Patsy Mink speaking 1993.tif|thumb|right|alt=Black and white photograph of an Asian woman speaking at a podium|Mink speaking in Washington in 1993]]

In May 1994, Mink and Representative [[Norman Mineta]] of California co-founded the [[Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus]] for which she became chair in 1995, serving until 1997.{{sfn|Office of the Historian|Clerk of the House|2003}} She also served as co-chair of the House Democratic Women's Caucus. In 1996, Mink opposed the [[Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act|welfare-reform]] legislation proposed by the Republican-majority House and supported by the [[Bill Clinton|Clinton administration]].{{sfn|Office of the Historian|Clerk of the House|2003}} She authored the Family Stability and Work Act as an alternative welfare reform measure and repeatedly, though mostly unsuccessfully, lobbied for increased federal safety nets for children and families living in impoverished conditions. She opposed legislation that would limit [[Product liability|liability for product injuries]] and work place discrimination and objected to the ratification of the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]].{{sfn|McAleer|Femia|Brooks|2007|p=11}} She was a co-sponsor of the [[DREAM Act]]{{sfn|U.S. Congress|2002}} and staunchly opposed the creation of the [[United States Department of Homeland Security]], fearing that it might avert civil liberties and result in another occurrence of policies like the [[Internment of Japanese Americans|internment camps for Japanese Americans]] during World War II.{{sfn|Gootman|2002}}

Mink and other members of the House of Representatives objected to counting the 25 electoral votes from [[Florida]] which [[George W. Bush]] narrowly won after a contentious [[2000 Florida presidential election recount|recount]]. Because no senator joined her objection, the objection was dismissed by Vice President [[Al Gore]], who was Bush's opponent in the [[2000 United States presidential election|2000 presidential election]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?161423-1/electoral-college-ballot-count|title=Electoral College Ballot Count {{pipe}} C-SPAN.org|website=www.c-span.org}}</ref> Without Florida's electoral votes, the election would have been decided by the U.S. House of Representatives, with each state having one vote in accordance with the [[Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution]].

==Death==
[[File:Congresswoman Patsy Mink 207-DP-8386B-DSC 0064 (cropped).jpg|thumb|220px|right|alt=Photograph of an Asian woman in an orange blouse and white blazer|Mink, 2002]]
On August 30, 2002, Mink was hospitalized in Honolulu's [[Straub Medical Center|Straub Clinic and Hospital]] due to complications from [[chickenpox]]. Her condition steadily worsened, and on September 28, 2002, she died in Honolulu of viral [[pneumonia]], at age 74.{{sfn|Gootman|2002}} In recognition of the national mourning of her death, Secretary of Defense [[Donald Rumsfeld]] ordered all flags at military institutions lowered to [[half-mast|half staff]] in her honor.{{sfn|Kua|2002}} Mink received a national memorial and was honored with a [[State funerals in the United States|state funeral]] held on October 4 in the [[Hawaii State Capitol|Hawaii State Capitol Rotunda]] attended by leaders and members of Congress.{{sfn|DePledge|2002|p=7}}{{sfn|Gordon|Nakase|2002|pp=1, 5}} Women's groups honored Mink by forming a human [[Lei (garland)|lei]] of approximately 900 women who surrounded the tent where Mink's casket stood in the capital atrium, while singing Hawaiian songs.{{sfn|Hoover|2002|p=A14}} She is buried at the [[National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific]], near the [[Punchbowl Crater]].{{sfn|DePledge|2002|p=7}}{{sfn|Gordon|Nakase|2002|pp=1, 5}} Mink's death occurred one week after she had won the 2002 primary election, too late for her name to be removed from the general election ballot.{{sfn|DePledge|2002|p=7}}{{sfn|''The Los Angeles Times''|2002}} On November 5, 2002, Mink was posthumously re-elected to Congress.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|2002}} Her vacant seat was filled by [[Ed Case]] after a special election on January 4, 2003.{{sfn|''CNN''|2003}}

==Legacy==
Mink is remembered as a woman who dealt with the personal discrimination she had experienced as a woman and an Asian American by devoting her career to creating public policies to open doors for women and minorities.<ref name="LoC"/>{{sfn|Gordon|Nakase|2002|p=1}}{{sfn|Dobbin|2003|p=6}} In 2002 Congress renamed the Title IX Amendment of the Higher Education Act, which Mink had co-authored, as the "[[Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act]]".{{sfn|Lee|2018}} Her papers were donated in 2002 and are housed in the [[Library of Congress]].<ref name="LoC"/>{{sfn|McAleer|Femia|Brooks|2007|p=2}} In 2003 a scholarship program, the Patsy Takemoto Mink Education Foundation, was established to provide educational funding for low-income women and children.{{sfn|''The Honolulu Advertiser''|2003b|p=B3}} That year, Mink was inducted into the [[National Women's Hall of Fame]],{{sfn|Dobbin|2003|p=6}} and the Scholar-Athlete Hall of Fame of the Institute for International Sport,{{sfn|''The Honolulu Advertiser''|2003a|p=D4}} and the post office serving the area of Maui in which she grew up was renamed the Patsy Takemoto Mink Post Office Building in her honor, after authorization by President [[George W. Bush]].{{sfn|Young|2003|p=3}} In 2007, [[Patsy T. Mink Central Oahu Regional Park|Central Oahu Regional Park]] on [[Oahu]] was renamed "Patsy T. Mink Central Oahu Regional Park" in her honor.{{sfn|''Hawaii News Now''|2007}} She was honored posthumously with the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] from President [[Barack Obama]] on November 24, 2014.{{sfn|Office of the Press Secretary|2014}}{{sfn|''NBC News''|2014}} In June 2022, a portrait of her by [[Sharon Sprung]] was unveiled in the U.S. Capitol, where it now hangs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mauinow.com/2022/06/23/patsy-minks-portrait-unveiled-in-us-capitol-on-50th-anniversary-of-title-ix/|title=Patsy Mink's portrait unveiled in US Capitol on 50th anniversary of Title IX &#124; Maui Now}}</ref>
[[File:2024 Patsy Takemoto Mink Womens Quarter.jpg|alt=Picture of the 2024 Patsy Takemoto Mink Women's Quarter|thumb|'''2024 Patsy Takemoto Mink Women's Quarter''']]
Documentary films about Mink's life and role in Title IX include the ''[[Patsy Mink: Ahead of the Majority]]'' (2008), directed by Kimberlee Bassford and ''Rise of the Wahine'' (2014), directed by Dean Kaneshiro.{{sfn|''The Honolulu Star-Bulletin''|2008|p=HIFF10}}{{sfn|Gordon|2014|p=F1}} The 2008 film highlighted the challenges Mink overcame and how that fueled her work on legislation to help others.{{sfn|''The Honolulu Star-Bulletin''|2008|p=HIFF10}} The 2014 film told the story of the University of Hawaii's [[Hawaii Rainbow Wahine volleyball|women's volleyball team]]'s struggle to build a team even after Title IX passed. As the bill was an educational funding law, women's athletic director, [[Donnis Thompson]] used it as leverage to expand sporting opportunities at the university in spite of intense opposition. Working together to ensure that lawmakers understood who they were representing, Mink had Thompson bring the team to Washington.{{sfn|Gordon|2014|pp=F1, F10}}{{sfn|Miller|2014|pp=C1, C3}} Author Judy Tzu-Chen Wu and Mink's daughter, Gwendolyn Mink, co-wrote a biography that released in May 2022 called ''Fierce and Fearless: Patsy Takemoto Mink, First Woman of Color in Congress''. It is the first biography detailing Mink's life and in 2023, won the Mary Nickliss Prize in U.S. Women's and/or Gender History.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://nyupress.org/9781479831920/fierce-and-fearless/#:~:text=Fierce%20and%20Fearless%20provides%20vivid,trailblazing%20icon%20who%20made%20history | title=Fierce and Fearless }}</ref>

In 2024, the [[United States Mint]] honored Mink with the 2024 Patsy Takemoto Mink Quarter, which was the 12th coin released in the [[American Women quarters|American Women Quarter]] program.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 American Women Quarters™ Program Honorees Announced |url=https://www.usmint.gov/news/press-releases/mint-announces-2024-american-women-quarters-program-honorees |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=United States Mint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Patsy Takemoto Mink Quarter {{!}} American Women Quarters {{!}} U.S. Mint |url=https://www.usmint.gov/coins/coin-medal-programs/american-women-quarters/patsy-takemoto-mink |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=United States Mint |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Selected works==
* {{cite journal |last1=Mink |first1=Patsy |title=Education—The Vision of America |journal=The School Counselor |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=5–12 |publisher=American School Counselor Association |issn=0036-6536 |date=September 1966 |oclc=5792465172}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Mink |first1=Patsy |title=The Status of Women |journal=Educational Horizons |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=54–56 |publisher=Pi Lambda Theta |issn=0013-175X |date=December 1970 |oclc=5792526438}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Mink |first1=Patsy |title=Micronesia: Our Bungled Trust |journal=Texas International Law Forum |issue=6 |pages=181–207 |publisher=University of Texas at Austin |issn=0040-4381 |date=1971 |oclc=16332426}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Mink |first1=Patsy |title=Energy and Environment: Which Is Undermining Which? |journal=Natural Resources Lawyer |issue=9 |pages=19–39 |publisher=American Bar Association |issn=2328-3416 |date=1976 |oclc=772508196}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Mink |first1=Patsy |title=Reclamation and Rollcalls: The Political Struggle over Stripmining |journal=Environmental Policy and Law |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=176–180 |publisher=Elsevier Science Publishers |issn=0378-777X |date=1976 |doi=10.1016/S0378-777X(76)80011-X |bibcode=1976EnvPL...2..176M |oclc=4933180255}}
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Mink | first1 = Patsy | last2 = Hartmann | first2 = Heidi I. | author-link2 = Heidi Hartmann | title = Wrap-up | journal = [[Social Justice (journal)|Social Justice]] | volume = 21 | issue = 1 | pages = 110–113 | publisher = Social Justice/Global  | date = Spring 1994 | jstor = 29766793}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Mink |first1=Patsy |title=Nuclear Waste: The Most Compelling Environmental Issue Facing the World Today |journal=Fordham Environmental Law Journal |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=165–170 |publisher=Fordham University School of Law |issn=1079-6657 |date=October 1996 |oclc=7851122029}}

==See also==
* [[List of Asian Americans and Pacific Islands Americans in the United States Congress]]
* [[List of members of the United States Congress who died in office (2000–present)#2000s]]
* [[Patsy T. Mink Central Oahu Regional Park]]
* [[Women in the United States House of Representatives]]

==Explanatory notes==
{{reflist|group=Notes}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|20em}}

===General and cited sources===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Arinaga |first1=Esther K. |last2=Ojiri |first2=Renee E. |editor-last1=Cruz |editor-first1=Tania |editor-last2=Yamamoto |editor-first2=Eric K. |title=A Tribute to Patsy Takemoto Mink |journal=[[Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal]] |date=Summer 2003 |volume=4 |issue=2 |url=http://blog.hawaii.edu/aplpj/files/2011/11/APLPJ_04.2_cruz.pdf |access-date=December 25, 2016 |publisher=[[William S. Richardson School of Law]] |issn=1541-244X |pages=569–597 |archive-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030044505/http://blog.hawaii.edu/aplpj/files/2011/11/APLPJ_04.2_cruz.pdf |url-status=dead }} Reprinted original text from Mari Matsuda ed. ''Called from Within: Early Women Lawyers of Hawai'i'' (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1992). pages 251–280.
* {{Cite news |last1=Borreca |first1=Richard |title=Politician's 'Rock' Supported Her Throughout Her Career |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47176562/john-f-mink-2005-death/ |access-date=March 23, 2020 |newspaper=[[Honolulu Star-Bulletin]] |date=October 19, 2005 |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |pages=C5 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }}
* {{Cite book |last=Carlson |first=Laura |title=Searching for Equality: Sex Discrimination, Parental Leave, and the Swedish Model with Comparisons to EU, UK, and US Law |date=2007 |publisher=Iustus Förlag |location=Uppsala, Sweden |isbn=978-91-7678-646-8 |quote="Prior to the passage of the federal acts in the 1960s, the legislative variations permissible historically with respect to women's rights under the American federal system initially led to extremely different rights for women depending upon their state of residence"}}
* {{Cite news |last1=DePledge |first1=Derrick |title=Bush Recalls Rep. Patsy Mink's 'Long Record of Public Service' |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47068385/public-opinion/ |access-date=March 21, 2020 |agency=[[Gannett News Service]] |date=October 1, 2002 |newspaper=[[Public Opinion (Chambersburg)|The Public Opinion]] |location=Chambersburg: Pennsylvania |page=7 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }}
* {{Cite news |last1=Dobbin |first1=Ben |title=Mink To Be Inducted in Women's Hall of Fame |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47074275/honolulu-star-bulletin/ |access-date=March 21, 2020 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=March 19, 2003 |newspaper=[[The Honolulu Star-Bulletin]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |page=6 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }}
* {{Cite web |last1=Ettinger |first1=Zoë |last2=McDowell |first2=Erin |title=50 Women Who Made History as the First To Do These Extraordinary Things |url=https://www.insider.com/women-made-history-first-do-extraordinary-things#billie-eilish-is-the-first-woman-to-take-home-the-big-four-at-the-grammy-awards-album-record-of-the-year-song-of-the-year-and-best-new-artist-50 |website=Insider |publisher=[[Insider Inc.]] |access-date=March 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200321155447/https://www.insider.com/women-made-history-first-do-extraordinary-things#billie-eilish-is-the-first-woman-to-take-home-the-big-four-at-the-grammy-awards-album-record-of-the-year-song-of-the-year-and-best-new-artist-50 |archive-date=March 21, 2020 |location=New York City, New York |date=March 4, 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite book |last=Fugita |first=Stephen S. |editor-last1=Kim |editor-first1=Hyung-chan |editor-last2=Cordonva |editor-first2=Dorothy |editor-last3=Fugita |editor-first3=Stephen S. |editor-last4=Ng |editor-first4=Franklin |editor-last5=Singh |editor-first5=Jane |title=Distinguished Asian Americans: A Biographical Dictionary |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/distinguishedasi00kimh/page/246/mode/1up |year=1999 |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |location=Westport, Connecticut |isbn=978-0-313-28902-6 |chapter=Patsy Takemoto Mink (1927–): Congresswoman, Attorney, Politician |pages=246–250 }}
* {{Cite web |last1=Glass |first1=Andrew |title=Rep. Patsy Mink succumbs to viral pneumonia, Sept. 28, 2002 |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/09/28/rep-patsy-pink-succumbs-to-viral-pneumonia-sept-28-2002-243114 |website=[[Politico]] |publisher=[[Capitol News Company]] |access-date=March 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003132752/http://www.politico.com/story/2017/09/28/rep-patsy-pink-succumbs-to-viral-pneumonia-sept-28-2002-243114 |archive-date=October 3, 2017 |location=Arlington County, Virginia |url-status=live |date=September 28, 2017 }}
* {{Cite news |last=Gootman |first=Elissa |title=Patsy Mink, Veteran Hawaii Congresswoman, Dies at 74 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/30/us/patsy-mink-veteran-hawaii-congresswoman-dies-at-74.html |access-date=May 20, 2013 |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=September 30, 2002 |location=New York, New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106202602/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/30/us/patsy-mink-veteran-hawaii-congresswoman-dies-at-74.html |archive-date=November 6, 2019 }}
* {{Cite news |last1=Gordon |first1=Mike |title=Courting Equality (pt. 1) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47076619/honolulu-star-advertiser/ |access-date=March 21, 2020 |date=November 2, 2014 |newspaper=[[Honolulu Star-Advertiser|The Honolulu Star-Advertiser]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |page=F1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }} and {{cite news |last1=Gordon |first1=Mike |title=Title IX: Memorabilia Documents Struggle and Rise (pt. 2) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47076695/honolulu-star-advertiser/ |access-date=March 21, 2020 |date=November 2, 2014 |newspaper=[[Honolulu Star-Advertiser|The Honolulu Star-Advertiser]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |page=F10 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |ref=none }}
* {{Cite news |last1=Gordon |first1=Mike |last2=Nakase |first2=Dan |title=A Grateful State, Nation Say Goodbye (pt. 1) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47063745/the-honolulu-advertiser/ |access-date=March 21, 2020 |date=October 5, 2002 |newspaper=[[The Honolulu Advertiser]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |page=1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }} and {{cite news |last1=Gordon |first1=Mike |last2=Nakase |first2=Dan |title=Tributes Paid to an American Hero (pt. 2) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47063804/the-honolulu-advertiser/ |access-date=March 21, 2020 |date=October 5, 2002 |newspaper=[[The Honolulu Advertiser]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |page=5 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |ref=none }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Hacker |first1=Meg |title=When Saying "I Do" Meant Giving Up Your U.S. Citizenship |journal=[[Prologue (magazine)|Prologue]] |date=Spring 2014 |pages=56–61 |url=https://www.archives.gov/files/publications/prologue/2014/spring/citizenship.pdf |access-date=April 11, 2020 |publisher=[[National Archives and Records Administration]] |location=Washington, D. C. |issn=0033-1031 }}
* {{Cite news |last1=Hoover |first1=Will |title=Thousands Say Goodbye to Islands' 'voice' (pt. 1) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47070912/the-honolulu-advertiser/ |access-date=March 21, 2020 |date=October 4, 2002 |newspaper=[[The Honolulu Advertiser]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |page=1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }} and {{cite news |last1=Hoover |first1=Will |title=Mink: Mourners Express Their Respect, Appreciation (pt. 2) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47071009/the-honolulu-advertiser/ |access-date=March 21, 2020 |date=October 4, 2002 |newspaper=[[The Honolulu Advertiser]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |page=A14 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |ref=none }}
* {{Cite news |last=Kua |first=Crystal |title=Mink Tributes Abound |url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2002/10/02/news/story5.html |newspaper=[[The Honolulu Star-Bulletin]] |date=October 2, 2002 |access-date=September 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924120041/http://archives.starbulletin.com/2002/10/02/news/story5.html |archive-date=September 24, 2018 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Leavitt |first=Judith A. |title=American Women Managers and Administrators: A Selective Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-century Leaders in Business, Education, and Government |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jk_uzzu36rgC&pg=PA183 |date=1985 |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |location=Westport, Connecticut |isbn=978-0-313-23748-5 |chapter=Mink, Patsy Takemoto |pages=183–184 }}
* {{Cite magazine |last=Lee |first=Ellen |title=Patsy Takemoto Mink's Trailblazing Testimony Against a Supreme Court Nominee |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/09/patsy-takemoto-minks-trailblazing-testimony-against-a-supreme-court-nominee/570082/ |date=September 16, 2018 |magazine=[[The Atlantic]] |access-date=September 17, 2018 |publisher=Emerson Collective |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320022700/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/09/patsy-takemoto-minks-trailblazing-testimony-against-a-supreme-court-nominee/570082/ |archive-date=March 20, 2020 |issn=1072-7825 }}
* {{Cite web |last1=McAleer |first1=Margaret |last2=Femia |first2=Karen Linn |last3=Brooks |first3=Joseph K. |title=Patsy T. Mink Papers: A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress |url=http://rs5.loc.gov/service/mss/eadxmlmss.old/eadpdfmss/uploaded_pdf/ead_pdf_batch_24_february_2010/ms010008.pdf |website=loc.gov |publisher=Manuscript Division, Library of Congress |access-date=March 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319213028/http://rs5.loc.gov/service/mss/eadxmlmss.old/eadpdfmss/uploaded_pdf/ead_pdf_batch_24_february_2010/ms010008.pdf |archive-date=March 19, 2020 |location=Washington, D. C. |date=2007 }}
* {{Cite magazine |last1=Mertens |first1=Richard |title=Legacy: Patsy Mink (1927–2002): A Tenacious and Determined Politician |magazine=University of Chicago Magazine |date=October 2012 |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=46–49 |url=https://mag.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/issues/UChicagoMag_1210-2012_Sept-Oct.pdf |access-date=March 18, 2020 |publisher=[[University of Chicago]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |issn=0041-9508 }}
* {{Cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Ann |title=Rise of the Wahine (pt. 1) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47076791/honolulu-star-advertiser/ |access-date=March 21, 2020 |date=November 3, 2014 |newspaper=[[Honolulu Star-Advertiser|The Honolulu Star-Advertiser]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |page=C1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }} and {{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Ann |title=Wahine: Filmmakers Hope To Preserve History, Significance of Hawaii's Contributions (pt 2) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47076958/honolulu-star-advertiser/ |access-date=March 21, 2020 |date=November 3, 2014 |newspaper=[[Honolulu Star-Advertiser|The Honolulu Star-Advertiser]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |page=C3 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |ref=none }}
* {{Cite book |last=Nomura |first=Gail M. |editor-last1=Mankiller |editor-first1=Wilma Pearl |editor-last2=Mink |editor-first2=Gwendolyn |editor-last3=Navarro |editor-first3=Marysa |editor-link3=Marysa Navarro |editor-last4=Smith |editor-first4=Barbara |editor-last5=Steinem |editor-first5=Gloria |title=The Reader's Companion to U.S. Women's History |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780618001828/page/288/mode/1up |year=1998 |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] |location=Boston, Massachusetts |isbn=0-618-00182-4 |chapter=Japanese American Women |pages=288–290 }}
* {{Cite web |author=Office of the Clerk |title=Women Elected to Party Leadership Positions |url=http://womenincongress.house.gov/historical-data/party-leadership-positions.html |work=Women in Congress |publisher=[[U.S. House of Representatives]] |date=2011 |access-date=June 6, 2012 |location=Washington, D. C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201100431/http://womenincongress.house.gov/historical-data/party-leadership-positions.html |archive-date=February 1, 2013 }}
* {{Cite web |author=Office of the Press Secretary |title=President Obama Names Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/11/10/president-obama-names-recipients-presidential-medal-freedom |location=Washington, D. C. |access-date=November 24, 2014 |date=November 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121082435/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/11/10/president-obama-names-recipients-presidential-medal-freedom |via=[[NARA|National Archives]] |work=[[whitehouse.gov]] |archive-date=January 21, 2017 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Roberts |first=Ralph R. |title=Platforms of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party, 1960 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oVkNTTFgx-8C&pg=PA44 |date=1960 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |location=Washington, D. C. }}
* {{Cite web |last1=Threinen |first1=Connie |title=The National Women's Conference: Houston, November 1977 |url=http://wiwomensnetwork.org/resources/publications/houstonarticles |access-date=May 13, 2013 |url-status=dead |work=The Stateswoman |publisher=Wisconsin Women's Network |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609013747/http://wiwomensnetwork.org/resources/publications/houstonarticles |archive-date=June 9, 2013 |date=March 2001 |location=Madison, Wisconsin }}
* {{Cite news |last1=Viotti |first1=Vicki |title=Where Are They Now? |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47035013/the-honolulu-advertiser/ |access-date=March 20, 2020 |date=August 28, 1989 |newspaper=[[The Honolulu Advertiser]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |page=B1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }}
* {{Cite news |last1=Walsh |first1=Peter J. |title=Mrs. Mink Pulls Out of Presidential Race |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48541069/honolulu-star-bulletin/ |access-date=April 12, 2020 |date=May 24, 1972 |newspaper=[[The Honolulu Star-Bulletin]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |page=1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }}
* {{Cite web |last1=Woodruff |first1=Betsy |title=The 15 Women Who Have Responded to a State of the Union Address: Sadly, Many Were Remembered More for What They Wore than What They Said |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2015/01/joni_ernst_will_be_the_16th_woman_to_respond_to_the_state_of_the_union_female.html |date=January 20, 2015 |magazine=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117054758/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2015/01/joni-ernst-will-be-the-16th-woman-to-respond-to-the-state-of-the-union-female-politicians-have-been-fighting-the-same-sexist-attacks-for-decades.html |archive-date=November 17, 2018 |publisher=The Slate Group |location=New York, New York |issn=1090-6584 }}
* {{Cite news |last1=Young |first1=Samantha |title=Bush Signs Bill To Create Mink Post Office |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47074063/hawaii-tribune-herald/ |access-date=March 21, 2020 |agency=Stephens Washington Bureau |date=July 16, 2003 |newspaper=[[Hawaii Tribune Herald|The Hawaii Tribune Herald]] |location=Hilo, Hawaii |page=3 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }}
* {{Cite book |last=Zhao |first=Xiaojian |title=Asian American Chronology: Chronologies of the American Mosaic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SQPRCA9S9WAC&pg=PA75 |year=2009 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |location=Santa Barbara, California |isbn=978-0-313-34875-4 }}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|''The Honolulu Advertiser''|2003b}} |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=2 Students Each Receive $2,000 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47099164/2-students-each-receive-2000-13/ |access-date=March 21, 2020 |date=October 13, 2003 |newspaper=[[The Honolulu Advertiser]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |page=B3 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|''The Honolulu Star-Bulletin''|2008}} |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Bold Lawmaker Transcends Movie's Rough Delivery |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47077301/honolulu-star-bulletin/ |access-date=March 21, 2020 |date=October 9, 2008 |newspaper=[[The Honolulu Star-Bulletin]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |page=HIFF10 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|''The Lansing State Journal''|1975}} |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Boy-Girl Phys Ed Ordered |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47025885/lansing-state-journal/ |access-date=March 20, 2020 |date=July 19, 1975 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |newspaper=[[The Lansing State Journal]] |location=Lansing, Michigan |page=C3 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|''CNN''|2003}} |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Case elected to Congress from Hawaii |url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/01/05/hawaii.politics/ |newspaper=[[CNN]] |publisher=Time Warner Company |location=Atlanta, Georgia |access-date=December 25, 2016 |date=January 6, 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002175646/http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/01/05/hawaii.politics/ |archive-date=October 2, 2018 }}
* {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|''Hawaii News Now''|2007}} |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=City Renames Park after Patsy Mink |url=https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/7008899/city-renames-park-after-patsy-mink/ |website=[[Hawaii News Now]] |publisher=[[KHNL]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |date=July 26, 2007 |access-date=November 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106075111/https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/7008899/city-renames-park-after-patsy-mink/ |archive-date=November 6, 2019 }}
* {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Library of Congress|2008}} |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Democratic National Political Conventions 1832–2008 |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/main/democratic_conventions.pdf |year=2008 |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |pages=19–20 |access-date=June 6, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602204343/http://www.loc.gov/rr//main/democratic_conventions.pdf |archive-date=June 2, 2009 }}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|''The New York Times''|2002}} |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Dozens of Candidates Vie for 5-Week Congressional Term |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/29/us/dozens-of-candidates-vie-for-5-week-congressional-term.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York, New York |access-date=December 25, 2016 |date=November 29, 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926014458/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/29/us/dozens-of-candidates-vie-for-5-week-congressional-term.html |archive-date=September 26, 2018 }}
* {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|FamilySearch|1905}} |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Hawaii Births and Christenings, 1852–1933: Mitama Tateyama |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FWSQ-2SF |website=FamilySearch |publisher=The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints |access-date=March 18, 2020 |location=Salt Lake City, Utah |date=June 23, 1905 |id=Book 78, cn 19309, film #1031570 }}{{subscription required|via=[[FamilySearch]]}}
* {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|''NBC News''|2014}} |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Hawaii's Patsy Mink Honored with Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/hawaiis-patsy-mink-honored-presidential-medal-freedom-n248951 |website=[[NBC News]] |publisher=NBC Universal |location=New York City, New York |access-date=March 21, 2020 |date=November 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005023426/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/hawaiis-patsy-mink-honored-presidential-medal-freedom-n248951 |archive-date=October 5, 2019 }}
* {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|FamilySearch|1933}} |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Honolulu Passenger Lists, 1900–1953: Tateyama Gojiro |volume=253 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-89Z5-Q2QF?i=223&cc=2141044&personaUrl=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AQV9Z-V6CG |website=FamilySearch |publisher=National Archives and Records Administration |access-date=March 18, 2020 |location=Washington, D. C. |date=June 26, 1933 |id=NARA microfilm publication A3422, roll #Roll 133, image 224, lines 1–3 }}{{subscription required|via=[[FamilySearch]]}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|''The Honolulu Advertiser''|1957}} |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=House Votes Equal Pay For Women |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30972945/the-honolulu-advertiser/ |access-date=April 11, 2020 |date=April 16, 1957 |newspaper=[[The Honolulu Advertiser]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |page=2 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }}
* {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|U.S. Congress|1975}} |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=H.R.9924 – An Act to Direct the National Commission on the Observance of International Women's Year, 1975, to Organize and Convene a National Women's Conference, and for Other Purposes |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/94th-congress/house-bill/9924/cosponsors?searchResultViewType=expanded&KWICView=false |website=Congress.gov |publisher=United States House of Representatives |date=September 30, 1975 |location=Washington, D. C. |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200320211743/https://www.congress.gov/bill/94th-congress/house-bill/9924/cosponsors?searchResultViewType=expanded&KWICView=false |archive-date=March 20, 2020 |access-date=March 20, 2020 |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|U.S. Congress|2002}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Legislation Sponsored or Cosponsored by Patsy T. Mink |url=https://www.congress.gov/member/patsy-mink/M000797?q={%22subject%22:%22Civil+Rights+and+Liberties,+Minority+Issues%22}&searchResultViewType=expanded&KWICView=false&pageSize=250 |website=Congress.gov |publisher=United States House of Representatives |date=2002 |location=Washington, D. C. |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200320202901/https://www.congress.gov/member/patsy-mink/M000797?q=%7B%22subject%22:%22Civil+Rights+and+Liberties,+Minority+Issues%22%7D&searchResultViewType=expanded&KWICView=false&pageSize=250 |archive-date=March 20, 2020}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=M000797|title=Mink, Patsy Takemoto (1927–2002)|work=Biographical directory of the United States Congress 1744–present|ref={{harvid|United States Congress M000797|2020}}}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|''The Honolulu Star-Bulletin''|1959b}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Matsunaga and Patsy Mink Vow They'll Run Again |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46955339/honolulu-star-bulletin/ |access-date=March 19, 2020 |date=June 29, 1959 |newspaper=[[The Honolulu Star-Bulletin]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |page=3 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}
* {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Office of the Historian|Clerk of the House|2003}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Mink, Patsy Takemoto (1927–2002) |url=https://history.house.gov/People/detail/18329 |website=history.house.gove |publisher=Office of the Historian of the United States House of Representatives |date=2003 |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304143322/https://history.house.gov/People/detail/18329 |archive-date=March 4, 2020}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|''The Honolulu Advertiser''|2003a}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Patsy Mink Will Be Inducted into Hall |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47080530/the-honolulu-advertiser/ |access-date=March 21, 2020 |date=June 18, 2003 |newspaper=[[The Honolulu Advertiser]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |page=D4 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}
* {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Democratic National Committee|2007}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Patsy Takemoto Mink (1927–2002) |url=http://www.democrats.org/a/2007/05/patsy_takemoto.php |website=Democrats.org |publisher=[[Democratic National Committee]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20071220074252/http://www.democrats.org/a/2007/05/patsy_takemoto.php |archive-date=December 20, 2007 |url-status=dead |location=Washington, D. C.|date=December 20, 2007}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|''The Los Angeles Times''|2002}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Rep. Mink's Name Will Remain on Hawaii Ballot |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-oct-11-na-mink11-story.html |date=October 11, 2002 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=December 25, 2016 |location=Los Angeles, Califorfnia |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225145444/https://articles.latimes.com/2002/oct/11/nation/na-mink11 |archive-date=December 25, 2016}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|''The Honolulu Star-Bulletin''|1959a}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=War Hero Inouye Battles for U.S. House Post |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46955434/honolulu-star-bulletin/ |access-date=March 19, 2020 |date=June 25, 1959 |newspaper=[[The Honolulu Star-Bulletin]] |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |page=23 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}
* {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|''The Charlotte News''|1975}}|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Women Seeking UN Promotion |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47026049/women-seeking-un-promotion-30-june/ |access-date=March 20, 2020 |date=June 30, 1975 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |newspaper=[[The Charlotte News]] |location=The Charlotte News |page=5A |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{C-SPAN|14305}}
* [http://www.wmm.com/filmcatalog/pages/c758.shtml/ ''Patsy Mink: Ahead of the Majority, the Documentary''], a film by Kimberlee Bassford and [[Women Make Movies]]
* [http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2005/Dec/18/ln/FP512180341.html FBI's Cold War files question Mink's loyalty]
* [https://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms010008&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=did&_dmdid=d1992e6 Patsy T. Mink papers] at the [[Library of Congress]]
* [https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/531 Patsy T. Mink papers] at the [[Sophia Smith Collection]], Smith College Special Collections
* [[Judy Tzu-Chun Wu]], [https://theconversation.com/patsy-takemoto-mink-blazed-the-trail-for-kamala-harris-not-famous-white-woman-susan-b-anthony-149807 "Patsy Takemoto Mink blazed the trail for Kamala Harris – not famous white woman Susan B. Anthony"], ''The Conversation'' (November 18, 2020)

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|us-hs}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Thomas Gill (politician)|Thomas Gill]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Hawaii|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[Hawaii's at-large congressional district]]|years=1965–1971}}
{{s-non|reason=Constituency abolished}}
|-
{{s-new|constituency}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Hawaii|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[Hawaii's 2nd congressional district]]|years=1971–1977}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Daniel Akaka]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Daniel Akaka]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Hawaii|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[Hawaii's 2nd congressional district]]|years=1990–2002}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ed Case]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Norman Mineta]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the [[Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus]]|years=1995–1997}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Robert A. Underwood|Robert Underwood]]}}
|-
{{s-ppo}}
|-
{{s-vac|last=[[Howard Baker]], [[George H. W. Bush]], [[Peter H. Dominick|Peter Dominick]], [[Gerald Ford]], [[Robert P. Griffin|Robert Griffin]], [[Thomas Kuchel]], [[Melvin Laird|Mel Laird]], [[Bob Mathias]], [[George Murphy]], [[Richard Harding Poff|Dick Poff]], [[Charles H. Percy|Chuck Percy]], [[Al Quie]], [[Charlotte Thompson Reid|Charlotte Reid]], [[Hugh Scott]], [[William A. Steiger|Bill Steiger]], [[John Tower]]<br>[[1968 State of the Union Address|1968]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Response to the State of the Union address]]|years=[[1970 State of the Union Address|1970]]|alongside=[[Donald M. Fraser|Donald Fraser]], [[Henry M. Jackson|Scoop Jackson]], [[Mike Mansfield]], [[John William McCormack|John McCormack]], [[Edmund Muskie|Ed Muskie]], [[William Proxmire|Bill Proxmire]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Mike Mansfield]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Leonor Sullivan]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Secretary of the House Democratic Caucus]]|years=1975–1977}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Shirley Chisholm]]}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Frederick Irving]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs]]|years=1977–1978}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Thomas R. Pickering|Tom Pickering]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Hawaii Representatives}}
{{United States presidential election, 1972}}
{{National Women's Hall of Fame}}
{{USCongRep-start |congresses=89th–94th and 101st–107th [[United States Congress]]es |state=[[United States congressional delegations from Hawaii|Hawaii]]}}
{{USCongRep/HI/89}}
{{USCongRep/HI/90}}
{{USCongRep/HI/91}}
{{USCongRep/HI/92}}
{{USCongRep/HI/93}}
{{USCongRep/HI/94}}
{{USCongRep/HI/101}}
{{USCongRep/HI/102}}
{{USCongRep/HI/103}}
{{USCongRep/HI/104}}
{{USCongRep/HI/105}}
{{USCongRep/HI/106}}
{{USCongRep/HI/107}}
{{USCongRep-end}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mink, Patsy}}
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