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{{Short description|Cambodian singer (c. 1944–c. 1979)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Family name hatnote|lang=Cambodian|Pen|Ran}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name             = Pen Ran
| image            = [[File:Pan Ron.jpg|175px]]
| caption          = Pen Ran c. 1968
| birth_date       = c. 1944
| birth_place      = [[Battambang Province|Battambang]], [[French protectorate of Cambodia|Cambodia]], [[French Indochina]]
| death_date       = c. 1979 (aged 34–35)
| death_place      = [[Trapeang Sab Commune]], [[Democratic Kampuchea]]
| background       = solo_singer
| native_name      = ប៉ែន រ៉ន
| native_name_lang = Khmer
| alias            = Pan Ron
| years_active     = 1963–1975
| associated_acts  = [[Sinn Sisamouth]], [[Ros Serey Sothea]], [[Meas Samon]]
}}
'''Pen Ran''' ({{langx|km|ប៉ែន រ៉ន}}, {{IPA|km|paen rɑːn}}), (c. 1944 – c. 1979) also commonly known as '''Pan Ron''' in some [[Romanization of Khmer|Romanized]] sources intended for English-speaking audiences, was a Cambodian singer and songwriter who was at the height of her popularity in [[Cambodian rock (1960s-70)|the 1960s and early 1970s]]. Known particularly for her western rock and soul influences, flirtatious dancing, and risque lyrics,<ref name=smh>{{cite web|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|last=Dow|first=Steve|title=Golden era of Cambodian music given its second airing|url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/golden-era-of-cambodian-music-given-its-second-airing-20130912-2tnbf.html|date=13 September 2013}}</ref> Pen Ran has been described by the ''[[New York Times]]'' as a "worldly, wise-cracking foil" to the more restrained Cambodian pop singers of her era.<ref name="nytimes">{{cite web|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/12/movies/dont-think-ive-forgotten-a-documentary-revives-cambodias-silenced-sounds.html|title='Don't Think I've Forgotten,' a Documentary, Revives Cambodia's Silenced Sounds|date=9 April 2015|last=Sisario|first=Ben}}</ref> She disappeared during the [[Cambodian genocide|Khmer Rouge genocide]] and her fate is unknown.

==Life and career==
Very little is known of Pen Ran's personal history. It has been established that she was from [[Battambang]] in northwestern Cambodia and attended the same school as the younger [[Ros Serey Sothea]], another popular singer of the same era. Pen Ran had a sister named Pen Ram (sometimes [[Romanization of Khmer|Romanized]] as Pan Rom) who was also a singer in the later years of the [[Cambodian rock (1960s-70)|Cambodian psychedelic rock scene]].<ref name ="DTIF">John Pirozzi and LinDa Saphan, liner notes, ''Don't Think I've Forgotten'', soundtrack, 2015.</ref><ref name="Cole">Jeff Cole, liner notes, ''Cambodia Rock Spectacular!'', 2011.</ref>

In the 1960s, Cambodian Head of State [[Norodom Sihanouk]], a musician himself, encouraged the development of popular music in Cambodia. Initially, pop records from France and Latin America were imported into the country and became popular, inspiring a flourishing [[Music of Cambodia#Cambodian rock and pop|pop music scene]] based in Phnom Penh and led by singers like [[Sinn Sisamouth]].<ref name="nytimes" /><ref name="Downing">{{cite web|work=Columbus Alive|url=http://www.columbusalive.com/content/stories/2015/05/28/film-preview-director-john-pirozzi-traces-the-history-of-early-cambodian-rock-n-roll-in-dont-think-ive-forgotten.html|title=Film preview: Director John Pirozzi Traces the History of Early Cambodian Rock 'n' Roll in "Don't Think I've Forgotten"|date=28 May 2015|last=Downing|first=Andy|access-date=3 April 2018|archive-date=17 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617142633/https://www.columbusalive.com/content/stories/2015/05/28/film-preview-director-john-pirozzi-traces-the-history-of-early-cambodian-rock-n-roll-in-dont-think-ive-forgotten.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pen Ran was an early entrant in this music scene, with the hit song "Pka Kabas" in 1963,<ref>{{cite web |title=Singing the Khmer Rouge Blues |url=http://adelsouto.com/musica_obscura/cambodia.html |website=adelsouto.com |accessdate=16 September 2019}}</ref> but she became a national star when she began recording with [[Sinn Sisamouth]] in 1966.<ref name="DTIF" /><ref name="Cole" /> Starting in the late 1960s Ran recorded many collaborations with Sisamouth and other notable Cambodian singers of the period,<ref name="Khmermusic">{{Cite web |url=http://khmermusic.thecoleranch.com/panron.html |title=Pan Ron at khmermusic.thecoleranch.com |access-date=21 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031105211/http://khmermusic.thecoleranch.com/panron.html |archive-date=31 October 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> while continuing her solo career. The debut of the popular [[Ros Serey Sothea]] in 1967 had little effect on Pen Ran's career and perhaps even broadened her popularity as the second leading lady of Cambodian popular music.<ref name="Saphan">{{cite web|last1=Saphan|first1=LinDa|author-link=LinDa Saphan|title=Gendered modernity in Cambodia: The rise of women in the music industry|url=http://khmerscholar.com/gendered-modernity-in-cambodia-the-rise-of-women-in-the-music-industry/|website=Khmer Scholar|accessdate=3 April 2018|date=28 August 2016}}</ref>

==Style and legacy==
{{Listen
| filename    =Pan Ron - Rom Jongvak Twist - Cambodian Rocks (sample).ogg
| title       =Pan Ron – Rom Jongvak Twist
| description =Sample of Pan Ron's Rom Jongvak Twist (from the 1996 compilation ''[[Cambodian Rocks]]'')
}}
{{Listen
| filename    =Pan Ron - Knyom Mun Sok Jet Te - Cambodian Rocks (sample).ogg
| title       =Pan Ron – Knyom Mun Sok Jet Te
| description =Sample of Pan Ron's "Knyom Mun Sok Jet Te" (from the 1996 compilation ''[[Cambodian Rocks]]''). The song, whose title translates to "I'm Unsatisfied," is an example of sexuality in Pen Ran's lyrics that was unusual for the time.
}}
Pen Ran was known for her unrestrained personality and western-oriented hairstyles and fashions, rejecting traditional demands on Khmer women and representing new and modern gender roles.<ref name="Saphan" /> Her onstage dancing and flirtatious lyrics were considered scandalous in Cambodia at the time.<ref name=smh /> Translated titles of her songs indicate her risque focus on romance and sexuality (for example, "I'm Unsatisfied" and "I Want to Be Your Lover") and a rejection of traditional courtship (for example, "It's Too Late Old Man"). Near the end of her music career Pen Ran was still an unmarried career woman in her early thirties, which was also unusual for Cambodia at the time.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Saphan|first1=LinDa|author-link=LinDa Saphan|title=Cambodian Popular Musical Influences from the 1950s to the Present Day|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321686547|website=ResearchGate|accessdate=3 April 2018|date=December 2017}}</ref> She addressed this topic in the song "I'm 31" which was an answer to Ros Serey Sothea's hit song "I'm 16."<ref name="DTIF" /><ref name="Cole" />

Pen Ran was known to be a very versatile singer, having a repertoire consisting of traditional Cambodian music, rock, twist, [[Cha-cha-cha (music)|cha cha cha]], agogo, [[Mambo (music)|mambo]], madizon, [[jazz]], and [[Folk music|folk]].<ref name=smh /> When discussing her vocal abilities, one researcher has said "Pan Ron hits notes that shatter glass."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cohn|first1=Nik|title=A Voice from the Killing Fields|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/may/20/worldmusic.features|work=The Guardian|accessdate=3 April 2018|date=19 May 2007}}</ref> Decades later, Nick Hanover described the unique combination of Cambodian and Western influences in the track "Rom Jongvak Twist" as "a Cambodian spin on American dance crazes that sounds less like [[Chubby Checker]] than [[Lydia Lunch]]."<ref name=losercity>{{cite web|last=Hanover|first=Nick|work=Loser City|url=http://loser-city.com/features/cambodian-rocks|title=Today We Drink Wine: Looking Back at the Tragic History of Cambodian Pop|date=19 June 2015|accessdate=9 January 2016}}</ref> Throughout her career, she is believed to have performed on hundreds of songs, many of which she wrote herself.<ref name="Saphan" />

Pen Ran disappeared during the Khmer Rouge genocide of the late 1970s and her exact fate is unknown. Her younger sister Pen Ram said that she survived until the [[Cambodian–Vietnamese War|Vietnamese invasion]] of late 1978/early 1979 when the Khmer Rouge launched their final series of mass executions.<ref name="Khmermusic" /> Given the goal of the Khmer Rouge to remove foreign influences from Cambodian society, Pen Ran's individuality probably ensured her death.<ref name=smh /> In a 2015 BBC documentary on the band Cambodian Space Project, who have covered many of Pen Ran's songs, it was alleged by an interview subject that she was tricked by the Khmer Rouge into performing one of her songs, after which she was led away and executed.<ref>Marc Eberle, "The Cambodian Space Project: Not Easy Rock'n'Roll" (6 June 2015)</ref> 

Starting in the late 1990s, interest in Pan Ron's music was revived by the album ''[[Cambodian Rocks]]''<ref name="wfmublog">{{cite web|url=http://blog.wfmu.org/freeform/2007/12/cambodian-rocks.html|title=Cambodian Rocks (MP3s)|date=9 December 2007|work=WFMU blog}}</ref> and similar CD compilations, while the documentary film ''[[Don't Think I've Forgotten]]'' described her as one of the most influential artists of her era, as well as one of the most popular artists amongst younger Cambodians.<ref name="nytimes" />

== Discography ==
Some of the songs (from the hundreds{{Source?|date=October 2022}}) that she actually composed and sang herself or with Sinn Sisamouth or Ros Serey Sothea include:

===Solo performances===
{{div col}}
*Bondam Tunle Buon Mouk
*Bong Kom Pruoy/"Don't Worry Darling"
*Chan Penh Boromey
*Cherng Mek Por Kmao
*Chnam Oun 31
*Chongban Kour Sne/"I Want To Be Your Lover"
*Chong Nov Ler Mek
*Chrolom Pdey Keh
*Enjurng Lerng Rom (Cover of [[Heartbeat (Buddy Holly song)|Well All Right]] by [[Santana (band)|Santana]])
*Giant Woman
*JomBang Jet/"Heart in Despair"
*Jom Nor Trocheak
*Juob Ter Bros Kbot
*Kam Peah
*Kanya Paet-Sep Kilau/Kanha 80 Kilo
*Kdao Tngai Min Smoe Kdao Chit
*Ke Kramom Tha Ke Chasa
*Kmom Na Min Tech
*Komlos Chres Chab
*Komlos Lan Krahorm
*Konlong Pnhei Khluon
*Koun K’Teuy/"Baby Lady Boy"
*Memeay Sabay Chet
*Mini A Go Go
*Mini Samput Khaech/"Mini Skirt"
*Memay Bei Dong/"Widowed Thrice"
*Meta Oun Pong
*Min Jong Skoal Teh Kdey Snaeha
*Mjas Chenda
*Mtay Kaun
*Oh Pleang Euy
*Oun Deung/"I Know"
*Oun Rongea Dol Ch'eung Knong/"Chills to my Spine"
*Oun Skol Chet Bong Srey
*Oun Trov Ka Bong/"I Need You"
*Pdey Khmeng/"Young Husband"
*Phaem Nas Sneha/"Sweet Love"
*Pka Kabas
*Pka Sondun
*Preah Paey Popok
*Pros Chang Reiy
*Pros Reang Yeh Yeh/Ya Ya Men
*Puos Vek Sork Sroka
*Reaksmey Preah Sorya
*Reatrey Nov Pailin
*Rom Ago Ago/Rom Ton Kloun Nov Kmeng
*Rom Jongvak Twist
*Rom Min Chaet Te
*Rom Som Leis Keh
*Sabay Avey Mles
*Sday Chit Del Sralanh
*Sein Kmas Keh
*Sneha/Kom Veacha Tha Sneha Knom (Cover of Bang Bang by [[Nancy Sinatra]])
*Sneh Krom Mlob Chhrey
*Somleng Kmous Kah
*Sour Ey Sour Jos
*Srolanh Bong Dol Cha-eung
*Sromai Jea Nich
*Sva Rom Monkiss/"Monkey Dance"
*Tom Gomsang Jenda
*Tngai Na Bong Tomner
*Tngai Nis Min Jol Pteas Te/"Not Going Home Today"
*Tgnai Nis Reabka Knyom
*Tngai Sonrak
*Tonsa Mok Pi Na
*Veal Smoa Khiev Kchey
*When Will You Be Free
*Yulyuom Rhok Sene
*Yuop Nih Oun Throv Ka Bong
{{div col end}}

===Duets with Sinn Sisamouth and other artists===
{{See also|List of songs recorded by Sinn Sisamouth#Duets with Pan Ron|label 1 = Sinn Sisamouth discography}}
{{div col}}
*Somphor Chan Kreufa (Pan Ron & Sisamouth)
*Kaal Na Pka Reek
*Kuu Nep Nit
*Ahnet Oun Phorng Pdei Euy (Pan Ron & Eng Nary)
*Bondaet Kbone Laeng (Pan Ron & Sisamouth )
*Brorjum Knea Rom Sabay (Pan Ron)
*Cer Chaet Chol Chnam (Pan Ron & Sisamouth)
*Deing Eiy Teh Bong (Pan Ron & Meas Samon)
*Jole Jroke Sin Nean (Pan Ron & Sisamouth)
*Kromom Tang Bey (Pan Ron, Ros Sereysothea & Huoy Meas)
*Lit Ondat Chea Bakse (Pan Ron & Eng Nary)
*PasDai Ban Heiy (Pan Ron & Sisamouth)
*Sahao Bomput Dot Manoos Tieng Ruos
*Smak Bong Lan Tmey
*Smak Oun Mouy (Pan Ron, Sereysothea & Sisamouth)
*Snea Douch Jeung Meik (Pan Ron & Sisamouth)
*Soom Gneak Mok Niss (Pan Ron, Sereysothea & Sisamouth)
*Srey Chnas Bros Chnerm (Pan Ron & Sisamouth)
*Chamrieng No Ning Pich (Pan Ron & Eng Nary)
*Srey Sross Somross Kmean Ptum (1963)
*Srorlanh Srey Chnas (Pan Ron & In Yeng)
*Tgnai Jey Nak Phnom (Pan Ron & Tet Somnang)
*Tov Surprise Mdong (Pan Ron & Sereysothea)
*Trov Bong Sleak Kbin (Pan Ron & Sisamouth)
*Sra Em Phalla (Pan Ron & Sisamouth)
*Kamsan Kungkea (Pan Ron & Sisamouth)
*Pnhaeu Samnieng (Pan Ron & Kong Phano)
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|2122846|Pen Ran}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pen, Ran}}
[[Category:20th-century Cambodian women singers]]
[[Category:People from Battambang province]]
[[Category:People executed by the Khmer Rouge]]
[[Category:Executed Cambodian women]]
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:1979 deaths]]