View source for Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County

{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Pengshui
| native_name                     = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-cn|彭水县}}}}
| official_name                   = {{longitem|style=font-size:105%;|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-cn|彭水苗族土家族自治县}}}}}}<br>Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County
| settlement_type                 = [[Autonomous counties of the People's Republic of China|Autonomous County]]
| image_skyline                   = Wulingshan Bridge-1.jpg
| imagesize                       = 250px
| image_caption                   = [[Wulingshan Bridge]]
| image_map                       = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=8}}
| image_map1                      = Pengshui.svg
| map_caption1                    = Location of Pengshui County in Chongqing
| mapsize1                        = 250px
| coordinates= {{coord|29|17|39|N|108|09|49|E|source:kolossus-euwiki|display=it}}
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = China
| subdivision_type1               = [[Direct-controlled municipalities of the People's Republic of China|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Chongqing]]
| seat_type                = County seat
| seat                     = [[Hanjia Subdistrict]]
| area_code                       = 
| area_total_km2                  = 3903
| population                      = 
| population_as_of                = 2020 census
| population_density_km2          = auto
| population_total                = 530599
|population_footnotes           = <ref>{{cite web |url =http://tjj.cq.gov.cn/zwgk_233/fdzdgknr/tjxx/sjjd_55469/202105/t20210513_9277501_wap.html |title =重庆市第七次全国人口普查公报（第二号）——地区常住人口情况  |publisher = Government of Chongqing |language = zh   |date = 2021-05-13 }}</ref> 
| elevation_ft                    = 
| elevation_m                     = 
| timezone                        = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
| utc_offset                      = +8
| website                         = {{URL|http://www.psx.gov.cn/}}
}}
'''Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County''' ({{zh|s=彭水苗族土家族自治县||p=Péngshuǐ Miáozú Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn|t=彭水苗族土家族自治縣}}) is an [[autonomous county]] for the [[Miao people|Miao]] and [[Tujia people]] located in southeastern [[Chongqing]], China, bordering [[Guizhou]] province to the south and southwest and [[Hubei]] province to the northeast.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2014-12-08|title=|script-title=zh:彭水县概况地图|trans-title=Pengshui County Overview|url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/cq/17045.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326162620/http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/cq/17045.html|archive-date=2021-03-26|access-date=2021-03-26|website=xzqh.org|language=zh}}</ref> It is {{Convert|270|km|mi}} away from downtown Chongqing.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

The county spans an area of {{Convert|3903|km2|mi2}},<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2019-11-11|title=|script-title=zh:彭水概况|trans-title=Pengshui Overview|url=http://www.psx.gov.cn/zjps/psgk/202003/t20200323_5980600.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326164702/http://www.psx.gov.cn/zjps/psgk/202003/t20200323_5980600.html|archive-date=2021-03-26|access-date=2021-03-26|publisher=Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County People's Government|language=zh}}</ref> and has a population of 545,094 as of 2010.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2014-12-08|title=|script-title=zh:彭水县历史沿革|trans-title=Pengshui County Organizational History|url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/cq/17044.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326031330/http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/cq/17044.html|archive-date=2021-03-26|access-date=2021-03-26|website=xzqh.org|language=zh}}</ref> The county's government is located in {{Interlanguage link|Hanjia Subdistrict|zh|汉葭街道}}.<ref name=":1" />

== History ==
During the [[Shang dynasty|Shang]] and [[Zhou dynasty|Zhou]] dynasties, the region of contemporary Pengshui belonged to the [[Ba (state)|State of Ba]].<ref name=":3" /> During the [[Warring States period]], the area belonged to the [[Qianzhong Commandery]], which would later be incorporated into [[Qin dynasty]] China.<ref name=":3" />

During the Han dynasty, the area would be reorganized as Fuling County ({{Lang-zh|c=涪陵縣}}).<ref name=":3" />

Under the [[Sui dynasty]],<ref name=":3" /> in 593 CE,{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} the area was organized as Pengshui County ({{Lang-zh|c=彭水縣}}).<ref name=":3" /> ''Pengshui'' means "Peng River",<ref name=":3" /> which was the old name for the [[Yu River (Hubei)|Yu River]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} During the [[Tang dynasty]], Pengshui County was put under the administration of {{Interlanguage link|Shannan Circuit|zh|山南道}} and {{Interlanguage link|Qianzhong Circuit|zh|黔中道}}.<ref name=":3" /> Under the [[Song dynasty]], Pengshui was administered by {{Interlanguage link|Qianzhou (in modern Chongqing and Guizhou)|lt=Qian Prefecture|zh|黔州}}.<ref name=":3" /> Under the [[Yuan dynasty]], it was administered by {{Interlanguage link|Shaoqing Fu|zh|绍庆府}}.<ref name=":3" /> By 1645 during the [[Qing dynasty]], it was part of Chongqing Prefecture ({{Lang-zh|c=重慶府}}).{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} In 1913 ([[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]]), it was part of Dongchuan [[Circuit (political division)|Circuit]] ({{Lang-zh|c=東川道}}).{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} In 1927, it was reassigned to the Changgong Bureau ({{Lang-zh|c=長公署}}) of [[Sichuan Province]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} And in 1935, of the Eighth Administrative Inspection Area ({{Lang-zh|c=第八行政督察區}}) of Sichuan.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

On November 16, 1949, Pengshui was captured by the [[Chinese Communist Party|communists]]. In January{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} 1950, it was put under the jurisdiction of {{Interlanguage link|Fuling Prefecture|zh|涪陵专区}},<ref name=":3" /> under the Chuandong administrative territory ({{Lang-zh|c=川東行署涪陵專區}}).{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} In September 1952, Fuling Special District was transferred to Sichuan, and was changed to a [[Prefectures of China|prefecture]] in June 1968.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

On November 14,{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} 1983 Pengshui was approved as an [[autonomous county]].<ref name=":3" /> The official status began November 10 of the following year.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} In 1987, it was assigned to {{Interlanguage link|Qianjiang Prefecture|zh|黔江地区}}.<ref name=":3" /> In June{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} 1997, it fell under the administration of [[Chongqing]], which it remains today.<ref name=":3" />

== Geography ==
[[File:Txu-oclc-10552568-nh49-9.jpg|left|thumb|Map including Pengshui (labeled as P'ENG-SHUI {{lang|zh|彭水}}) ([[Army Map Service|AMS]], 1953)]]
Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County is located in the [[Sichuan Basin]] along the [[Wu River (Yangtze tributary)|Wu River]],<ref name=":1" /> in the mountainous region of [[Wuling Mountains|Wuling]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} A total of 54.2% of Pengshui is covered by forest.<ref name=":2" /> Geographic coordinates: 28°57′{{spaced ndash}}29° 51′ North, 107°48′{{spaced ndash}}108°36′ East.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} Altitude of the seat: {{convert|245|m|abbr=on}}.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

The county is home to three peaks over {{Convert|1000|m|ft}} above sea level: Qiliangzi ({{Lang-zh|c=七梁子}}) at {{Convert|1434|m|ft}}, Baila Mountain ({{Lang-zh|c=白蜡山}}) at {{Convert|1393|m|ft}}, and Fenghuang Mountain ({{Lang-zh|c=凤凰山}}) at {{Convert|1048|m|ft}}.<ref name=":1" />

Neighbours:{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} 
* North: [[Shizhu|Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County]]
* Northeast: [[Lichuan City]], [[Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture]], Hubei
* East: [[Qianjiang, Chongqing|Qianjiang]] District
* Southeast: [[Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County]]
* South: [[Yanhe Tujia Autonomous County]], Guizhou; [[Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County]]
* Southwest: [[Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County]], Guizhou
* West: [[Wulong]] County
* Northwest: [[Fengdu]] County

=== Climate ===
The county's average annual temperature is {{Convert|17.6|°C|°F}}, and the average annual precipitation is {{Convert|1235|mm|in}}.<ref name=":1" />

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location = Pengshui, elevation {{convert|322|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present)
|Jan high C = 	10.1
|Feb high C = 	12.5
|Mar high C = 	17.6
|Apr high C = 	23.4
|May high C = 	26.9
|Jun high C = 	29.9
|Jul high C = 	33.6
|Aug high C = 	34.0
|Sep high C = 	28.9
|Oct high C = 	22.5
|Nov high C = 	17.3
|Dec high C = 	11.7
|Jan mean C = 	7.1
|Feb mean C = 	9.0
|Mar mean C = 	12.9
|Apr mean C = 	17.9
|May mean C = 	21.5
|Jun mean C = 	24.6
|Jul mean C = 	27.6
|Aug mean C = 	27.5
|Sep mean C = 	23.6
|Oct mean C = 	18.3
|Nov mean C = 	13.6
|Dec mean C = 	8.7
|Jan low C = 	5.2
|Feb low C = 	6.8
|Mar low C = 	10.1
|Apr low C = 	14.6
|May low C = 	18.2
|Jun low C = 	21.5
|Jul low C = 	24.0
|Aug low C = 	23.7
|Sep low C = 	20.5
|Oct low C = 	16.0
|Nov low C = 	11.5
|Dec low C = 	6.8
|Jan record high C = 21.1 |Jan record low C = -0.9
|Feb record high C = 27.2 |Feb record low C = -0.8
|Mar record high C = 34.8 |Mar record low C = 0.8
|Apr record high C = 38.4 |Apr record low C = 6.1
|May record high C = 36.9 |May record low C = 11.1
|Jun record high C = 40.1 |Jun record low C = 15.1
|Jul record high C = 41.8 |Jul record low C = 17.6
|Aug record high C = 42.5 |Aug record low C = 16.7
|Sep record high C = 41.5 |Sep record low C = 13.8
|Oct record high C = 35.7 |Oct record low C = 7.5
|Nov record high C = 28.2 |Nov record low C = 1.9
|Dec record high C = 20.7 |Dec record low C = -1.3
|year high C =  |year low C = 
|year high F =  |year low F =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 	22.8
|Feb precipitation mm = 	30.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 	56.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 	110.0
|May precipitation mm = 	188.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 	193.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 	190.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 	144.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 	114.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 	113.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 	59.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 	19.7
|Jan humidity = 	78
|Feb humidity = 	78
|Mar humidity = 	77
|Apr humidity = 	78
|May humidity = 	80
|Jun humidity = 	81
|Jul humidity = 	78
|Aug humidity = 	75
|Sep humidity = 	78
|Oct humidity = 	83
|Nov humidity = 	83
|Dec humidity = 	80
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm	
|Jan precipitation days = 	11.1
|Feb precipitation days = 	11.1
|Mar precipitation days = 	14.0
|Apr precipitation days = 	15.3
|May precipitation days = 	17.2
|Jun precipitation days = 	15.9
|Jul precipitation days = 	13.8
|Aug precipitation days = 	13.0
|Sep precipitation days = 	12.0
|Oct precipitation days = 	16.0
|Nov precipitation days = 	12.3
|Dec precipitation days = 	10.2
|year precipitation days = 	
|Jan sun = 	27.9
|Feb sun = 	29.5
|Mar sun = 	54.3
|Apr sun = 	77.3
|May sun = 	88.2
|Jun sun = 	86.4
|Jul sun = 	139.5
|Aug sun = 	148.9
|Sep sun = 	90.6
|Oct sun = 	55.2
|Nov sun = 	45.3
|Dec sun = 	31.1
|year sun = 	
| Jan percentsun = 	9
| Feb percentsun = 	9
| Mar percentsun = 	15
| Apr percentsun = 	20
| May percentsun = 	21
| Jun percentsun = 	21
| Jul percentsun = 	33
| Aug percentsun = 	37
| Sep percentsun = 	25
| Oct percentsun = 	16
| Nov percentsun = 	14
| Dec percentsun = 	10
| year percentsun =	
|Jan snow days = 	1.2
|Feb snow days = 	0.3
|Mar snow days = 	0.1
|Apr snow days = 	0
|May snow days = 	0
|Jun snow days = 	0
|Jul snow days = 	0
|Aug snow days = 	0
|Sep snow days = 	0
|Oct snow days = 	0
|Nov snow days = 	0
|Dec snow days = 	0.4
|year snow days = 	
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=28 April 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =28 April 2023}}</ref>
}}

== Demographics ==

As of the [[Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China|2010 Chinese Census]], the county had a population 545,094, down from the 590,228 reported in the [[Fifth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China|2000 Chinese Census]].<ref name=":3" /> In 1996, the county had an estimated population of 587,000.<ref name=":3" />

59.5% of Pengshui residents are members of the following 11 [[nationalities of China|ethnic minorities]]: [[Miao people|Miao]], [[Tujia people|Tujia]], [[Ethnic Mongols in China|Mongols]], [[Hui people|Hui]], [[Gelao people|Gelao]], [[Dong people|Dong]], [[Tibetan people|Tibetans]], [[Manchu]]s, [[Zhuang people|Zhuang]], [[Yi people|Yi]], and [[Hani people|Hani]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} There are 270,000 Miao and 90,000 Tujia in Pengshui.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

== Subdivisions ==
The county administers 3 [[Subdistricts of China|subdistricts]], 18 [[Towns of China|towns]], and 18 [[Townships of China|townships]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020|title=|script-title=zh:2022年统计用区划代码（彭水苗族土家族自治县）|trans-title=2022 Statistical Division Codes (Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County)|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2022/50/02/500243.html|archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]|language=zh}}</ref>

{|
|valign="top"|
;3 subdistricts:

* {{Interlanguage link|Hanjia Subdistrict|zh|汉葭街道}} (汉葭街道)
* {{Interlanguage link|Shaoqing Subdistrict|zh|绍庆街道}} (绍庆街道)
* {{Interlanguage link|Dianshui Subdistrict|zh|靛水街道}} (靛水街道)
;18 towns:
* {{Interlanguage link|Baojia, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Baojia|zh|保家镇}} (保家镇)
* {{Interlanguage link|Yushan, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Yushan|zh|郁山镇}} (郁山镇)
* {{Interlanguage link|Gaogu, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Gaogu|zh|高谷镇}} (高谷镇)
* {{Interlanguage link|Sangzhe|zh|桑柘镇}} (桑柘镇)
* {{Interlanguage link|Lujiao, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Lujiao|zh|鹿角镇 (彭水县)}} (鹿角镇)
* {{Interlanguage link|Huangjia, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Huangjia|zh|黄家镇 (彭水县)}} (黄家镇)
* {{Interlanguage link|Puzi, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Puzi|zh|普子镇}} (普子镇)
* {{Interlanguage link|Longshe|zh|龙射镇}} (龙射镇)
* {{Interlanguage link|Lianhu, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Lianhu|zh|连湖镇}} (连湖镇)
* {{Interlanguage link|Wanzu, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Wanzu|zh|万足镇}} (万足镇)
* {{Interlanguage link|Ping'an, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Ping'an|zh|平安镇 (彭水县)}} (平安镇)
* {{Interlanguage link|Changsheng, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Changsheng|zh|长生镇}} (长生镇)
* {{Interlanguage link|Xintian, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Xintian|zh|新田镇 (彭水县)}} (新田镇)
* {{Interlanguage link|Anzi, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Anzi|zh|鞍子镇}} (鞍子镇)
* {{Interlanguage link|Taiyuan, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Taiyuan|zh|太原镇}} (太原镇)
* {{Interlanguage link|Longxi, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Longxi|zh|龙溪镇 (彭水县)}} (龙溪镇)
* {{Interlanguage link|Meiziya, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Meiziya|zh|梅子垭镇}} (梅子垭镇)
* {{Interlanguage link|Datong, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Datong|zh|大同镇 (彭水县)}} (大同镇)

|valign="top"|
;18 townships:
* {{Interlanguage link|Yandong Township, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Yandong Township|zh|岩东乡}} (岩东乡)
* {{Interlanguage link|Luming Township, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Luming Township|zh|鹿鸣乡 (彭水县)}} (鹿鸣乡)
* {{Interlanguage link|Ditang Township|zh|棣棠乡}} (棣棠乡)
* {{Interlanguage link|Sanyi Township, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Sanyi Township|zh|三义乡 (彭水县)}} (三义乡)
* {{Interlanguage link|Lianhe Township, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Lianhe Township|zh|联合乡 (彭水县)}} (联合乡)
* {{Interlanguage link|Shiliu Township, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Shiliu Township|zh|石柳乡 (彭水县)}} (石柳乡)
* {{Interlanguage link|Zouma Township, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Zouma Township|zh|走马乡 (彭水县)}} (走马乡)
* {{Interlanguage link|Lutang Township|zh|芦塘乡}} (芦塘乡)
* {{Interlanguage link|Qiaozi Township|zh|乔梓乡}} (乔梓乡)
* {{Interlanguage link|Zhufo Township|zh|诸佛乡}} (诸佛乡)
* {{Interlanguage link|Tonglou Township|zh|桐楼乡}} (桐楼乡)
* {{Interlanguage link|Shangan Township, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Shangan Township|zh|善感乡}} (善感乡)
* {{Interlanguage link|Shuanglong Township, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Shuanglong Township|zh|双龙乡 (彭水县)}} (双龙乡)
* {{Interlanguage link|Shipan Township, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Shipan Township|zh|石盘乡 (彭水县)}} (石盘乡)
* {{Interlanguage link|Daya Township, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Daya Township|zh|大垭乡 (彭水县)}} (大垭乡)
* {{Interlanguage link|Runxi Township|zh|润溪乡}} (润溪乡)
* {{Interlanguage link|Langxi Township, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Langxi Township|zh|朗溪乡 (彭水县)}} (朗溪乡)
* {{Interlanguage link|Longtang Township, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County|lt=Longtang Township|zh|龙塘乡 (彭水县)}} (龙塘乡)
|}

== Economy ==
Mineral deposits in the county include [[coal]], [[Baryte|barite]], [[marble]], [[fluorite]], and [[calcite]].<ref name=":1" />

== Transportation ==
The [[Chongqing–Huaihua railway]] runs through the county.<ref name=":1" /> Major expressways which pass through the county include the [[G65 Baotou–Maoming Expressway]] and [[China National Highway 319|National Highway 319]].<ref name=":1" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.psx.gov.cn/ Official site (2020)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20031119064332/http://www.ps.xinhua023.com/ Official site (2003)]
* [http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/citylife/2007-07/31/content_6004573.htm Sacrificed to the river god] [[China Daily]] report on the flooding of Gongtan village for a nearby hydroplant

{{Chongqing}}
{{Miao autonomy in the People's Republic of China}}
{{Tujia autonomy in the People's Republic of China}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Miao autonomous counties]]
[[Category:County-level divisions of Chongqing]]
[[Category:Tujia autonomous counties]]