View source for Peniche, Portugal

{{Infobox Portuguese subdivision
|type            = municipality
|official_name   = City of Peniche
|image_flag      = Bandeira de Peniche.gif
|image_shield    = Arms of Peniche.png
|image_skyline   = {{Photomontage
|photo1a         = Baleal, Peniche (37361738426).jpg
|photo1b         = Igreja da Consolação (Peniche) 04.jpg
|photo2a         = Peniche - Portugal (8684389308) (cropped).jpg
|photo3a         = Portugal (16516777913).jpg
|photo3b         = Vista do Arquipélado da Berlenga.jpg
|spacing         = 2
|position        = center
|color_border    = white
|color           = white
|size            = 280
|foot_montage    = 
}}
|coordinates     = {{coord|39|21|N|9|22|W|type:adm1st_region:PT_dim:100000|display=inline,title}}
|image_map       = LocalPeniche.svg
|region          = Oeste e Vale do Tejo
|CIM             = [[Oeste (intermunicipal community)|Oeste]]
|district        = [[Leiria District|Leiria]]
|leader_party    = [[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|PSD]]
|leader_name     = Filipe Sales
|area_total_km2  = 77.55
|population_total= 26431
|population_as_of= 2011
|parishes        = [[#Parishes|4]]
|holiday         = Monday after the 1st Sunday of August
|website         = {{url|http://www.cm-peniche.pt}}
}}

'''Peniche''' ({{IPA|pt|pɨˈniʃɨ|-|Pt-pt Peniche FF.ogg}}), officially the '''City of Peniche''' ({{langx|pt|Cidade de Peniche}}), is a seaside municipality and a city in the [[Oeste Subregion|Oeste]] region, in the historical province of [[Estremadura Province (1936-1976)|Estremadura]], and in the [[Leiria District]]. It has 26,431 inhabitants,<ref name="INE">{{cite web |title=Censos 2021 – Resultados Provisórios |url=https://censos.ine.pt/scripts/db_censos_2021.html |website=censos.ine.pt |access-date=29 December 2021}}</ref> in an area of 77.55&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=dgt>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dgterritorio.pt/cartografia_e_geodesia/cartografia/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal_caop_/caop__download_/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal___versao_2017__em_vigor_/ |title=Áreas das freguesias, concelhos, distritos e país |access-date=2018-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105172426/http://www.dgterritorio.pt/cartografia_e_geodesia/cartografia/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal_caop_/caop__download_/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal___versao_2017__em_vigor_/ |archive-date=2018-11-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The city itself has a population of about 15,600 inhabitants.
The present mayor is Filipe Sales, elected by the [[Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|Social Democratic Party]]. The idiomatic expression ''[[Friend from Peniche]]'', used to describe someone who wants to receive things at the expense of other without giving anything in return, comes from here.

==History and landmarks==
{{Expand section|date=December 2009}}

The city was built on a rocky peninsula which is considered by geologists<ref>[https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/bitstream/10316/20108/1/Duarte%20ProGEO2005.pdf Jurassic Heritage and Geoconservation in Portugal: Selected Sites] – at Estudo Geral</ref><ref>[https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/bitstream/10316/20114/1/Rilo%20et%20al%202010.pdf Paper] (pt) with English abstract</ref> a unique example of the [[Toarcian turnover]] during the worldwide [[Early Jurassic]] extinction.<ref>[http://www.envegypt.com/EJEC/uploads/19.pdf The Evolution of the Coastline at Peniche and Berlengas Islands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124072023/http://www.envegypt.com/EJEC/uploads/19.pdf |date=2011-11-24 }} – article by Teresa Azevedo and Elisabete Nunes</ref><ref>[https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/bitstream/10316/20088/1/Fernandez-Lopez%20et%20al%202000.pdf Ammonites from lumpy limestones in the lower pliensbachian of Portugal: taphonomic analysis and palaeoenvironmental implications] – article by S. R. Fernández-López, L. V. Duarte and M.H.P. Henriques]</ref><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20151004161736/http://penichefossil.net/ PENICHEFOSSIL]}}</ref>

Peniche is known for its long beaches, which are popular for recreational activities and sports such as [[surfing]], [[windsurfing]], [[bodyboarding]] and [[kite surfing]]. These beaches are consistently windy and have good [[surf break]]s with ''[[Supertubos]]'', i.e., waves forming fast and powerful tubes, considered among the best in Europe. The area has been called the "European Pipeline", after the [[Banzai Pipeline]] in [[Hawaii]].

[[Peniche Fortress]] is a notable example of Portuguese coastal defences. During the 20th-century period of authoritarian rule known as the [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Estado Novo]], or Second Republic, it was used as a prison for communists and other opponents of the regime.

The [[Berlengas]] islands, about {{convert|6|mi|km|0|order=flip}} offshore from the peninsula, are part of the municipality. They form one of the world's first [[nature reserve]]s. In summer, the islands can be visited by taking a [[ferryboat]] from Peniche.

Peniche, with its scenic harbour, white windmills, chapels and long sandy beaches has inspired famous artists like [[Maurice Boitel]].

==Climate==
Peniche has a [[warm-summer Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Csb'') greatly moderated by the [[Atlantic Ocean]], with mild wet winters and cool dry summers. Its low [[diurnal temperature variation]] and little seasonal temperature variation make it remarkably mild year-round.
It has a climate very similar to that of [[San Francisco, California]] only with warmer nights mainly due to the effects of the [[Portugal Current]].

Despite its latitude in central Portugal, the city has one of the mildest winter night-time temperatures in [[mainland Europe]].
{{Weather box
|location = Peniche ([[Lighthouse of Cabo Carvoeiro|Cabo Carvoeiro Lighthouse]]), 1981-2010 normals and extremes
|width=auto
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes

|Jan record high C = 19.5
|Feb record high C = 22.0
|Mar record high C = 27.8
|Apr record high C = 28.5
|May record high C = 32.1
|Jun record high C = 30.2
|Jul record high C = 31.0
|Aug record high C = 36.7
|Sep record high C = 33.3
|Oct record high C = 30.5
|Nov record high C = 25.0
|Dec record high C = 21.2
|year record high C =

|Jan high C = 14.3
|Feb high C = 14.7
|Mar high C = 15.9
|Apr high C = 16.3
|May high C = 17.7
|Jun high C = 19.6
|Jul high C = 20.5
|Aug high C = 21.1
|Sep high C = 20.9
|Oct high C = 19.3
|Nov high C = 17.1
|Dec high C = 15.2
|year high C =

|Jan mean C = 11.9
|Feb mean C = 12.3
|Mar mean C = 13.6
|Apr mean C = 14.2
|May mean C = 15.8
|Jun mean C = 17.8
|Jul mean C = 18.6
|Aug mean C = 19.0
|Sep mean C = 18.7
|Oct mean C = 17.1
|Nov mean C = 14.8
|Dec mean C = 12.8
|year mean C =

|Jan low C = 9.4
|Feb low C = 10.0
|Mar low C = 11.3
|Apr low C = 12.1
|May low C = 13.8
|Jun low C = 15.9
|Jul low C = 16.8
|Aug low C = 17.0
|Sep low C = 16.6
|Oct low C = 15.0
|Nov low C = 12.6
|Dec low C = 10.5
|year low C =

|Jan record low C = 0.0
|Feb record low C = 1.5
|Mar record low C = 0.0
|Apr record low C = 4.0
|May record low C = 7.6
|Jun record low C = 10.2
|Jul record low C = 13.0
|Aug record low C = 12.5
|Sep record low C = 10.5
|Oct record low C = 9.5
|Nov record low C = 5.0
|Dec record low C = 2.8
|year record low C =

|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 78.8
|Feb rain mm = 63.5
|Mar rain mm = 40.9
|Apr rain mm = 53.1
|May rain mm = 37.8
|Jun rain mm = 14.6
|Jul rain mm = 6.2
|Aug rain mm = 10.3
|Sep rain mm = 27.5
|Oct rain mm = 86.1
|Nov rain mm = 101.0
|Dec rain mm = 86.4
|year rain mm =

|unit rain days = 1 mm
|Jan rain days = 10.3
|Feb rain days = 8.7
|Mar rain days = 6.2
|Apr rain days = 8.4
|May rain days = 6.0
|Jun rain days = 2.6
|Jul rain days = 1.1
|Aug rain days = 1.7
|Sep rain days = 4.6
|Oct rain days = 9.3
|Nov rain days = 9.9
|Dec rain days = 10.8
|year rain days =

|source = [[Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera|Instituto de Meteorologia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipma.pt/bin/file.data/climate-normal/cn_81-10_CABO_CARVOEIRO.pdf |title=Climate normals Cabo Carvoeiro, Peniche|publisher=Instituto de Meteorologia}}</ref>}}
{{Weather box
|location = Peniche ([[Lighthouse of Cabo Carvoeiro|Cabo Carvoeiro Lighthouse]]), 1971-2000 normals and extremes
|width=auto
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|collapsed = yes

|Jan record high C = 20.0
|Feb record high C = 22.0
|Mar record high C = 25.5
|Apr record high C = 28.5
|May record high C = 31.0
|Jun record high C = 30.5
|Jul record high C = 31.0
|Aug record high C = 30.2
|Sep record high C = 31.5
|Oct record high C = 30.5
|Nov record high C = 25.0
|Dec record high C = 21.2
|year record high C =

|Jan high C = 14.2
|Feb high C = 14.5
|Mar high C = 15.5
|Apr high C = 15.9
|May high C = 17.2
|Jun high C = 19.1
|Jul high C = 20.3
|Aug high C = 20.7
|Sep high C = 20.6
|Oct high C = 18.9
|Nov high C = 17.0
|Dec high C = 15.1
|year high C =

|Jan mean C = 11.7
|Feb mean C = 12.2
|Mar mean C = 13.2
|Apr mean C = 13.7
|May mean C = 15.2
|Jun mean C = 17.1
|Jul mean C = 18.3
|Aug mean C = 18.7
|Sep mean C = 18.4
|Oct mean C = 16.7
|Nov mean C = 14.6
|Dec mean C = 12.7
|year mean C =

|Jan low C = 9.2
|Feb low C = 9.9
|Mar low C = 10.8
|Apr low C = 11.6
|May low C = 13.3
|Jun low C = 15.2
|Jul low C = 16.4
|Aug low C = 16.6
|Sep low C = 16.2
|Oct low C = 14.5
|Nov low C = 12.2
|Dec low C = 10.3
|year low C =

|Jan record low C = 0.0
|Feb record low C = 1.1
|Mar record low C = 0.0
|Apr record low C = 4.0
|May record low C = 6.0
|Jun record low C = 9.0
|Jul record low C = 7.4
|Aug record low C = 10.5
|Sep record low C = 10.5
|Oct record low C = 6.8
|Nov record low C = 5.0
|Dec record low C = 0.9
|year record low C =

|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 78.8
|Feb rain mm = 69.8
|Mar rain mm = 40.6
|Apr rain mm = 51.8
|May rain mm = 44.4
|Jun rain mm = 17.7
|Jul rain mm = 5.7
|Aug rain mm = 9.1
|Sep rain mm = 25.3
|Oct rain mm = 76.2
|Nov rain mm = 83.8
|Dec rain mm = 88.1
|year rain mm =

|unit rain days = 0.1 mm
|Jan rain days = 13.1
|Feb rain days = 12.3
|Mar rain days = 10.0
|Apr rain days = 12.2
|May rain days = 9.1
|Jun rain days = 4.9
|Jul rain days = 2.3
|Aug rain days = 3.0
|Sep rain days = 6.1
|Oct rain days = 11.1
|Nov rain days = 11.9
|Dec rain days = 13.6
|year rain days =

|source = [[Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera|Instituto de Meteorologia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipma.pt/bin/file.data/climate-normal/cn_71-00_CABO_CARVOEIRO.pdf|title =Climate normals Cabo Carvoeiro, Peniche|publisher=Instituto de Meteorologia}}</ref>}}

==Economy==
Since ancient times Peniche has been an [[Fishing in Portugal|important fishing harbour]]. Besides fisheries, the economy of the Peniche municipality relies on agriculture, services and tourism.

Two versions of the [[AW-Energy WaveRoller]] have been tested about 800&nbsp;m off the coast of Peniche, in 2012 and 2019–2021. This device sits on the seabed and harnesses [[wave power]] from the surging motion of nearshore waves, feeding power into the local electricity grid.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.ocean-energy-systems.org/publications/oes-annual-reports/ |title=Annual Report 2012 |last=IEA-OES |date=2013 |pages=22,24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Garanovic |first=Amir |date=2021-08-02 |title=WaveRoller emerges from the depths of Atlantic |url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/waveroller-emerges-from-the-depths-of-atlantic/ |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=Offshore Energy |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Education==
Besides schools for primary, secondary and vocational education, Peniche is home to a state-run [[polytechnic (Portugal)|polytechnic]] school of the ''[[Instituto Politécnico de Leiria]]'', which through its ''Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar de Peniche'', awards academic degrees in marine technologies and tourism.

==Parishes==
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 4 civil parishes (''[[freguesia (Portugal)|freguesias]]''):<ref>{{cite web|title=Law nr. 11-A/2013, page 552 93|url=http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/2013/01/01901/0000200147.pdf |access-date=29 July 2014|author=Diário da República|author-link=Diário da República|language=pt}}</ref>
* [[Atouguia da Baleia]]
* [[Ferrel (Peniche)|Ferrel]]
* Peniche
* [[Serra d'El-Rei]]

[[File:Portugal 2013 - Peniche - 17 (10892815335).jpg|thumb|right|Surfers at Peniche]]
==Surfing==
Peniche is one of the best [[surfing]] locations in Europe. It has beaches and breaks facing three distinctly different directions, making it a consistent destination for surfers. Home to many surf camps/schools, it annually hosts the [[MEO Rip Curl Pro Portugal]] from the [[World championship tour (WCT) surfing|World championship tour]] of the World Surf League (WSL) at the [[Supertubos]] beach.<ref name="WSL2017">{{cite web|title=2017 MEO Rip Curl Pro Portugal|url=http://www.worldsurfleague.com/events/2017/mct/1961/meo-rip-curl-pro-portugal|website=World Surf League|access-date=22 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722155744/http://www.worldsurfleague.com/events/2017/mct/1961/meo-rip-curl-pro-portugal|archive-date=July 22, 2017|language=en|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Sports==
The football club of the city is called [[Grupo Desportivo de Peniche]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Peniche na história e na lenda |first=Mariano |last=Calado |year=1984 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I_xWAAAAYAAJ&q=Grupo+Desportivo+de+Peniche. }}</ref>

Peniche Amigos Clube is known nationally for their [[Triathlon]] and [[Futsal]] teams.<ref>{{cite news |title=Peniche AC e Casal Velho conquistam taças distritais de juniores e juvenis |url=https://gazetacaldas.com/actualidade/peniche-ac-e-casal-velho-conquistam-tacas-distritais-de-juniores-e-juvenis/ }}</ref>

Clube Stella Maris is known nationally for their [[basketball]] and [[badminton]] teams. The club gives the population a pavilion which hosts many sport-related events.

The city annually hosts the ''Triatlo de Peniche'', which unites the Portuguese Cup and the National Universities Championships with the historical event, the first ever in Portugal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.federacao-triatlo.pt/ftp2015/events/triatlo-de-peniche-4/|title=Triatlo de Peniche|last=Peniche|first=FTP / Câmara Municipal de|website=Federação de Triatlo de Portugal|language=pt-PT|access-date=2019-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arquivo-v1.federacao-triatlo.pt/artigos/art_003.htm|title=História do Triatlo|website=arquivo-v1.federacao-triatlo.pt|access-date=2019-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124306/https://arquivo-v1.federacao-triatlo.pt/artigos/art_003.htm|archive-date=2019-02-09|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The best-known athletes from Peniche are [[Telma Santos]], who has participated in the [[2012 Summer Olympics]] in London and the [[2016 Summer Olympics]] in Rio de Janeiro; Silvano Lourenço, the European [[bodyboarding]] champion in 2007; and [[Victoria Kaminskaya]] who participated in the swimming competitions of the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Peniche is internationally renowned for its exceptional conditions for practising water sports such as surfing, bodyboarding, and diving. Supertubos Beach, also known as Praia do Medão, hosts numerous international events related to these sports. Other notable beaches include Da Gambôa and Baleal.
<ref>{{cite web|author=PortugalTravel.org |title=Peniche, Portugal |url=https://www.portugaltravel.org/peniche}}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>

== Notable people ==
* [[Antônio Ferreira Viçoso]] (1787-1875) a Portuguese Roman Catholic prelate, [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mariana|Bishop of Mariana]], 1843-1875 
* [[Ricardo Costa (director)|Ricardo Costa]] (1940–2021) a Portuguese film director.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0182283/  Ricardo Costa, IMDb Database] retrieved 25 July 2021.</ref>
* [[Beto (Portuguese singer)|Albertino João Santos Pereira]] (1967–2010) stage name ''Beto'', a Portuguese singer.
* [[Carlos Leitão]] (born 1959), Canadian economist and politician
* [[Telma Santos]] (born 1983) a Portuguese badminton player, competed at the [[2012 Summer Olympics|2012]] and [[2016 Summer Olympics]]

==Gallery==
{{excessive gallery|date=August 2025}}
{{wide image|Peniche Wikivoyage banner.jpg|770px|Peniche}}
<gallery mode="packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%" heights="150">
File:Remedios peniche portugal azulejos 55a550004.jpg|interiors azulejos of Remedios chapel in Peniche, Portugal
File:Azulejos na Igreja de Nossa Senhora dos Remédios, Peniche (36059786463).jpg|interiors azulejos of Remedios chapel in Peniche, Portugal
File:Península de Peniche - Portugal (238698997).jpg|Beach
File:Portugal 2011 (6647469299).jpg|Peniche
File:Peniche beach 3.jpg|Peniche
File:Peniche (25618407450).jpg|Peniche
File:Peniche beach 5.jpg|Peniche
File:Peniche (31661116951).jpg|Nau dos Corvos, a rock formation that is one of Peniche's landmarks
File:Fortaleza de Peniche - Portugal (2006526852).jpg|Old harbour walls at Peniche
File:D810 4900 (16626304231).jpg|Peniche
File:D810 4908 (16601439656).jpg|Peniche
File:D810 5023 (16440676248).jpg|
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Peniche}}
{{commons category|Peniche}}
*[http://www.cm-peniche.pt Municipality official website]
{{Comunidade Intermunicipal do Oeste}}
{{Municipalities of Leiria}}

{{portal bar|Portugal}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Peniche, Portugal| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Portugal]]
[[Category:Populated places in Oeste e Vale do Tejo]]
[[Category:Seaside resorts in Portugal]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in Portugal]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Leiria District]]
[[Category:Tombolos]]