View source for Pershore Abbey

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox church
| name = Pershore Abbey
| fullname = Abbey Church of Holy Cross with Saint Edburgha
| other name = Church of the Holy Cross
| image = Pershore Abbey 3a.jpg
| caption = Pershore Abbey
| dedication = [[Christian cross|Holy Cross]]
| heritage designation = Grade I [[listed building]]
| designated date = 11 February 1965
| style = [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]], [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]]
| denomination = [[Church of England]]
| previous denomination = [[Catholic Church]] 
| churchmanship = [[Broad Church]]
| parish = [[Pershore]]
| diocese = [[Anglican Diocese of Worcester|Worcester]]
| province = [[Province of Canterbury|Canterbury]]
| vicar = Claire Lording
| website = [http://www.pershoreabbey.org.uk/]
}}

'''Pershore Abbey''', at [[Pershore]] in [[Worcestershire]], was a [[Benedictine]] [[abbey]] with Anglo-Saxon origins and is now an [[Church of England|Anglican]] [[parish church]], the '''Church of the Holy Cross'''.

==History==

===Foundation===
The foundation of the minster at Pershore is alluded to in a spurious charter of King [[Æthelred of Mercia]] (r. 675–704). It purports to be the charter by which Æthelred granted 300 [[Hide (unit)|hides]] (about 36,000 acres) at Gloucester to King [[Osric, king of the Hwicce|Osric of the Hwicce]], and another 300 at Pershore to Osric's brother Oswald.<ref name=Sims94-6>Sims-Williams, ''Religion and literature'', pp. 94-6.</ref><ref>[http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=seek&query=S+70 S 70]</ref> It is preserved only as a copy in a 14th-century register of Gloucester, where it is followed by two charters listing the endowments made to the abbey until the reign of King [[Burgred of Mercia| Burgred]] (852-874).<ref>[http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=seek&query=S+209 S 209]</ref><ref name=S1782>[http://www.esawyer.org.uk/content/charter/1782.html S 1782]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The 300 hides mentioned here are unlikely to be a contemporary detail, as they were intended to represent the triple [[hundred (county subdivision)|hundred]] which later made up the area of Worcestershire.<ref name=Sims94-6 /> Historian [[H. P. R. Finberg]] suggests that the foundation charter may have been drafted in the 9th century, based on some authentic material.<ref>Finberg, ''Early charters'', pp. 153-66.</ref> Oswald's foundation of a monastery at Pershore is not stated explicitly in the charter, but the Worcester chronicle ''[[Cronica de Anglia]]'', written ''c''. 1150, reports it under the annal for 683, and [[John Leland (antiquary)|John Leland]], consulting the now lost ''Annals of Pershore'', places the event around 689.<ref name=Sims94-6 /><ref>John Leland, ''Collectanea'', ed. Hearne, pp. 240-1.</ref> [[Patrick Sims-Williams]] suggests that the foundation by Oswald may also represent an oral tradition at Pershore, as its archives were probably destroyed in fires of 1002 and again in 1223.<ref name=Sims94-6 />

In the 9th century, Pershore comes to light again as a minster under the patronage of [[List of monarchs of Mercia|Mercian kings]]. In other charters contained in the Gloucester register, [[Coenwulf of Mercia|Coenwulf]] (r. 796–821) and Burgred are recorded as having been patrons of Pershore.<ref name=S1782 /> A charter of [[Edgar the Peaceful|King Edgar]] refers back to a grant of privileges by Coenwulf at the request of his [[ealdorman]] (''[[dux]]'') Beornnoth.<ref name=Sims94-6 /><ref name=S786>[http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=seek&query=S+786 S 786]</ref>

===Refoundation===
In the reign of King Edgar (959-975), Pershore reappears as one of the abbeys to be re-established (or restored) under the programme of [[Benedictine]] reform. Writing ''c''. 1000, the Ramsey monk [[Byrhtferth]] relates that under the auspices of [[Oswald of Worcester|Oswald, bishop of Worcester]], seven monasteries were founded in his diocese, notably including Pershore.<ref>Byrhtferth, ''Life of Oswald'', p. 494 (ch. 8).</ref> The first abbot was one Foldbriht,<ref>Byrhtferth, ''Life of Oswald'', pp. 494-5 (ch. 9).</ref> whose name is sufficiently rare to suggest that he may be the same Foldbriht whom Bishop [[Æthelwold]] previously installed at [[Abingdon Abbey|Abingdon]] and used to be a monk of [[Glastonbury Abbey|Glastonbury]] before that time.<ref>Hudson, ''Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis'', p. cciii.</ref>

The refoundation is what lies behind an exceptionally elaborate charter for Pershore, dated 972, in which King Edgar is presented as granting new lands and privileges as well as confirming old ones, such as the one granted by Coenwulf.<ref name=S786 /> The authenticity of this document, however, has been questioned. [[Simon Keynes]] in 1980 showed that it belongs to the so-called ''Orthodoxorum'' group of charters, so named after the initial word of their [[Preface|proem]], which he concluded were forgeries based on a charter of [[Æthelred the Unready|Æthelred II]]'s reign.<ref>Keynes, ''The diplomas of King Æthelred 'the Unready' 978-1016'', pp. 98-100</ref> Since then, Susan Kelly and John Hudson have vindicated the status of some of these charters, including the one for Pershore, which is written in square minuscule characteristic of some of Edgar's charters.<ref>Hudson, ''Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis'', pp. cxcix-cciv</ref> More recently, Peter Stokes has brought to light a variant copy of the charter and suggests that two different versions may have been produced around the same time, somewhere between 972 and 1066. A possible scenario is that they were produced to make up for the loss of the original charter(s), perhaps shortly after the fire which is reported to have destroyed the abbey in ''c''. 1002 (see below).<ref name=Stokes72-3>Stokes, "King Edgar's charter for Pershore, 972", pp. 72-3.</ref>

The 12th-century historian [[William of Malmesbury]], who seems unaware of any pre-existing minster, claims that one Æthelweard (''Egelwardus''), whom he describes as "ealdorman of Dorset", had founded the abbey of Pershore in the time of King Edgar.<ref name=Gesta-iv.162>William of Malmesbury, ''Gesta pontificum'' IV, ch. 162, ed. and tr, Winterbottom and Thomson</ref> Similarly, [[Osbert de Clare|Osbert]]'s ''Life'' of [[Eadburh of Winchester]] alleges that one ''Alwardus'', who is styled ''comes'' and ''consul'', was responsible for the refoundation. Both authors also attribute to him a role in the translation of some of the saint's relics to Pershore. Osbert writes that an abbess of [[St Mary's Abbey, Winchester|Nunnaminster]] had sold some relics to Æthelweard (''Alwardus''), who in turn handed them over for the refoundation of Pershore.<ref name="ReferenceA">Ridyard, ''The royal saints of Anglo-Saxon England''</ref> Some scholars have identified him with [[Æthelweard (historian)|Æthelweard]], the well-known chronicler and ealdorman of the western shires.<ref name=World11-3>Williams, ''World before Domesday'', pp. 11-3.</ref> {{#tag:ref|A tradition at [[Tewkesbury Abbey]], only 10&nbsp;miles from Pershore, also remembers a royal kinsman called Æthelweard (''Haylwardus'') as its patron as well as that of [[Cranborne Abbey]] (Dorset), of which Tewkesbury was a dependency.<ref name=World11-3 /><ref name=reform347>Jayakumar, "Reform and retribution", p. 347.</ref> The account, which places his floruit in the time of King Æthelred and Dunstan, is recorded in a late chronicle of that house, written in the 15th century, but may very well be based on older sources.<ref name=World11-3 /><ref name=reform347 /> This Æthelweard is to be identified with the Æthelweard ''Mæw'' whose activities, including the foundation of Cranborne, are attested in sources closer to his day.<ref name=World11-3 /> Historian Jayakumar suggests that he may be the chronicler [[Æthelweard (historian)|Æthelweard]], ealdorman of the western shires, as both were royal kinsmen and in the Tewkesbury Chronicle, Cranborne is said to have been founded ''in suo dominio''.<ref name=reform347 /> Ann Williams, however, prefers to see them as separate persons.<ref name=World11-3 />|group=note}}

Whatever high-level patronage the foundation may have received, it was not enough to sustain its fortunes for very long. Precisely what happened to Pershore in the later 10th century is poorly documented, but some sources seem to hint that it went into decline during the succession crisis which emerged in the wake of King Edgar's death.<ref name=Williams167-8>Williams, "''Princeps Merciorum gentis''", pp. 167-8</ref> William of Malmesbury says that "it, too, like the others, decayed to a pitiful extent, and was reduced by more than a half".<ref name=Gesta-iv.162 /> According to Leland, the ''Annals of Pershore'' hold an earl called ''Delfer'' responsible for depriving the abbey of several of its lands. This ''Delfer'' has been interpreted as a misreading for [[Ælfhere, Ealdorman of Mercia|Ælfhere]] (d. 983), ealdorman of Mercia<ref name=Williams167-8 /> (whom Leland mentions elsewhere).<ref name=LelandIter>"Oswaldus ''primum instituit Canonicos seculares apud'' Persore.{{Clear}} ''Postea fuit ibidem chorus monachorum''.{{Clear}}''Rursus Canonici inducti''.{{Clear}}''Postea monachi per'' Edgarum.{{Clear}} Elferus ''abstulit prædia monachis''.{{Clear}}Odda ''comes ejus filius restituit''.{{Clear}}''Monasterium conflagravit & à monachis desertum est''.{{Clear}}''Monachi'' Westmonasterienses ''prædia usurpabant''.{{Clear}}Wada ''comes attulit reliqias S.'' Eadburgae, & ''per'' Oswaldum ''episcopum'' Fulbrightus ''abbas inductus''.{{Clear}}''Olney'', alias ''Alney'', about ''Deorhirst'' in ''Glocester-shire. Deorhurst'' yet remainith in ''Glocestre-shire'' as a Celle to ''Twekesbiri''." John Leland, ''Itinerarium'', ed. Hearne, vol. 5, p. 2.</ref> While himself a patron of Ely and Abingdon, Ælfhere was also charged with despoiling reformed monasteries during [[Edward the Martyr]]'s brief reign (975-978). The targets included houses refounded by Bishop Oswald or Bishop Æthelwold and considerably enriched under the patronage of Æthelstan Half-King's sons, notably [[Æthelwine, Ealdorman of East Anglia|Æthelwine, ealdorman of East Anglia]]. [[Evesham Abbey]], for instance, as later reported by [[Chronicon Abbatiae de Evesham|its own chronicle]], also claimed to have lost several of its lands in this way, and [[Winchcombe]] was disbanded altogether. Æthelwine, in his turn, was remembered at Ely as a despoiler of its lands. Tensions between Ælfhere and Bishop Oswald, whose authorities overlapped, and between Ælfhere and Æthelwine, with whom Oswald maintained a close relationship, are therefore likely to have been the principal cause of the upheaval.<ref name=Williams167-8 /> Whether a liberty similar to that of [[Oswaldslow (hundred)|Oswaldslow]] was an extra cause for concern, compromising Ælfhere's authority as ealdorman, cannot be ascertained from the sources.<ref name=Williams167-8 />

==="Second" refoundation===
[[File:Pershore Abbey Nave.JPG|thumb|250px|right|The chancel]]
Pershore suffered worse misfortune when, according to Leland, it was destroyed by fire and subsequently deserted by the monks,<ref name=LelandIter /><ref name=Victoria /> probably in the year 1002.<ref name=ODNBOdda>Williams, "Odda, earl (''d''. 1056)"</ref> The monastic archives were largely lost in the event, as no original record from before that date survives today.<ref name=ODNBOdda /> Pershore, however, found a generous patron in the wealthy nobleman [[Odda of Deerhurst]] (d. 1056), who restored many of its lands and granted new ones. It has been suggested{{who|date=April 2019}} that he was a kinsman of the ealdorman Æthelweard. The earliest extant record from the archive of Pershore, a charter of 1014 by which King Æthelred granted Mathon (Herefordshire) to ealdorman Leofwine, may testify to Odda's restorations of lands to the house.<ref name=ODNBOdda /><ref>[http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=seek&query=S+932 S 932].</ref> The monastery was active again by the 1020s, as its abbot Brihtheah was promoted bishop of Worcester in 1033.<ref name=ODNBOdda /> Odda's brother Ælfric was buried at Pershore in 1053, joined three years later by Odda himself.<ref name=ODNBOdda />

In Odda's lifetime the total landed assets of Pershore grew to 300 hides, but after the loss of its benefactor in 1056 about two-thirds were seized and given to [[Edward the Confessor]]'s new foundation at Westminster.<ref name=ODNBOdda /> The original single sheet which preserves the fullest version of King Edgar's refoundation charter (though it need not be authentic) is marked by a number of textual alterations and erasures. Some of these changes may suggest a response to the abbey's proprietary struggles.<ref name=Stokes72-3 />

From the early 12th century there is evidence that Pershore Abbey claimed possession of some of the relics of Saint [[Eadburh of Winchester]], the [[saint]]ed daughter of King [[Edward the Elder]]. Her body was initially buried at [[Nunnaminster]] (Winchester), but it was translated in the 960s to a more central spot in [[Winchester]], and again to a shrine in the 970s. Among several possibilities, Susan Ridyard has suggested that the Eadburh whose relics were preserved at Pershore may have been a Mercian saint of that name whose identity had become obscure.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

===Later Middle Ages===
The main building was begun in about 1100.  In the fourteenth century it benefited greatly from the generosity of [[Adam de Harvington]], [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] 1327–30, who was a cousin,  and eventually  the heir, of the Abbot, William of Harvington. The abbey was [[Dissolution of the Monasteries|dissolved]] in 1539. A monk of Pershore, named Richard Beerly, was one of those who gave evidence to [[Thomas Cromwell]] in 1536 about the misbehaviour of some of his brothers, writing that "Monckes drynk an bowll after collacyon tell ten or xii of the clock, and cum to mattens as dronck as myss, and sume at cardes, sume at dyss."{{refn|{{cite book|editor-last=Wright|editor-first=Thomas|series=Camden Society Old Series: Volume XXVI|title=Three Chapters of Letters Relating to the Suppression of Monasteries|chapter=LX. Richard Beerly to Cromwell|date=September 1843 |volume=26|page=133|doi=10.1017/S2042169900009135|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/camden-old-series/volume/three-chapters-of-letters-relating-to-the-suppression-of-monasteries/452A16E6B89E1ACD58DCB382F1D2BB68?sort=canonical.position%3Aasc&pageNum=4}} 
This is an 1843 edition of original MSS in the [[British Museum]] (see also [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/camden-old-series/article/rho-volume-26-front-matter/9C3034FAA76DB66932F3F1AFD58E6476 Front cover]). See also {{cite book |title=Oxford English Dictionary |volume=X |edition=online 2nd |year=1989 |chapter=Mouse, n. 2  |chapter-url=http://www.oed.com/oed2/00152513 |access-date=7 March 2019}}, which cites this passage as ''Lett. Suppress. Monast.'' (Camden) 133. }} (Monks drink a bowl after [[collation (meal)|collation]]{{refn|The term 'collation' in this context refers to the practice in [[Benedictine]] monasteries, such as Pershore, of reading extracts from [[John Cassian]]'s ''Collationes patrum in Scetica eremo''<ref>Lit. 'Conferences with the fathers of [[Wadi El Natrun|Scetis]] in the desert'), written in around 420, usually translated as ''Conferences with the [[Desert Fathers]]''.)</ref> in the hours between the evening meal following [[Vespers]], and before [[Compline]]. This was according to Chapter 42 of the [[Rule of Saint Benedict]] written in the 6th century. All meals were to be eaten in daylight.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Chapter XLII: That No One Speak after Compline |title=The Holy Rule of St. Benedict |year=1949 |orig-year=c540 |author1=St. Benedict |author-link=St Benedict |author2=Verheyen,Boniface (trans) |chapter-url=http://catholicfirst.com/thefaith/catholicclassics/benedict/benedict.html |access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Addis|first1=William E.|last2=Press|first2=Aeterna|title=A Catholic Dictionary|year=1961|publisher=Aeterna Press|language=en|page=699|quote=St. Benedict in his rule requires his religious to assemble after supper and before Compline and listen to the 'Collations'—i.e. the ''Conferences'' (of [[John Cassian|Cassian]]), the [[Lives of the Fathers]], or other edifying books which were then read aloud by one of their number.}}</ref> By the 9th century the strict rules about [[fasting]] had become more relaxed, and the term 'collation' became more generally associated with the indulgence of a light meal, especially on fast days.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09152a.htm "Lent"], ''Catholic Encyclopedia''. Retrieved 9 March 2019</ref> }} until ten or twelve o'clock, and come to [[Matins]] as drunk as mice, some [playing] at cards, some at dice.){{refn|Since collation took place in the evening before [[Compline]], and [[Matins]] finished at dawn (see [[canonical hours#Daily cycle of services|Canonical hours]]), it appears the monks were drinking all night long.}}[[File:Pershore Abbey - geograph.org.uk - 1057540.jpg|right|300px]]Pershore Abbey church was partly demolished after the reformation when it was surrendered to the King's Commissioners in 1540; only the tower, choir, and south transept remain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1057540|title=Geograph:: Pershore Abbey (C) Philip Halling|website=www.geograph.org.uk|language=en|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref> The abbey church remained in use as a [[parish church]]. When the north [[transept]] collapsed in 1686, a wall was built in its place. Further alterations were carried out, including a [[Victorian restoration|restoration]] by [[George Gilbert Scott]] in 1862–64. Scott removed the [[Belfry (architecture)|belfry]] floor and opened up the [[lantern tower]], exposing the internal [[tracery]] which he thought the best in England after that at [[Lincoln Cathedral]]. The tower pinnacles were added in 1871.<ref name="Crawford">Wilson, Dr. M. and Crawford, Rev. K., ''Pershore Abbey'', Official Abbey Guide, 2008, {{ISBN|1-872-665-22-5}}, pp.11-13</ref> In 1913, two western [[flying buttress]]es were added to replace the support from the missing portion of the building.

==Current structure and features==
[[File:Pershore Abbey font.jpg|thumb|150px| [[Norman architecture|Norman]] baptismal font]]
The church as it now stands represents only a small portion of the original building. It is a Grade I [[listed building]].<ref>{{NHLE |num=1387027 |desc=Abbey Church of Holy Cross with Saint Edburgha |access-date=5 June 2016 }}</ref> Repairs in 1994 stabilised the south transept, strengthened its roof and repointed the tower and pinnacles. An underfloor heating system was also installed.

===Bells===
Pershore Abbey has a ring of eight bells, of which six were cast by the younger [[Rudhall of Gloucester|Abraham Rudhall]] in 1729. The treble was cast in 1814 by Thomas Mears of the [[Whitechapel Bell Foundry]]. The cracked 4th (also 1729 by Rudhall) was recast by J. Barwell & Sons of Birmingham<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Birmingham Weekly Mercury|date=2 April 1892|title=Mr. James Barwell – Obituary Notice|via=Hosted at Jewellery Quarter Heritage|url=https://jqheritage.co.uk/mr-james-barwell-obituary-notice/|access-date=7 March 2018|archive-date=8 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081547/https://jqheritage.co.uk/mr-james-barwell-obituary-notice/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[[:File:James Barwell.jpg|Barwell advertisement from 1897]]</ref> with "moderate success"<ref>{{cite book|last= Andrews |first=Francis Baugh |title=The Benedictine abbey of SS. Mary, Peter, and Paul at Pershore, Worcestershire |page=18n|year=1901 |place= Birmingham and Pershore |publisher= Midland Educational Co. : Fearnside & Martin|url=https://archive.org/details/benedictineabbey00andruoft/page/n45}}</ref> in 1897, the same year they were rehung. The largest bell (the tenor) is estimated to weigh 25½ cwt (2856 lbs.) and sounds the note D.<ref name=Pershore_Bells>{{cite web |title=Pershore Bells and the Pershore Abbey Society of Bell Ringers |url=http://www.pershoreabbey.org.uk/bells.html |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805234130/http://www.pershoreabbey.org.uk/bells.html |access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref>

The ringing room, devised as part of Gilbert Scott's 1862-64 restorations, is a metal 'cage' suspended high above the chancel crossing; it is accessed by means of two stone spiral staircases, a walkway through the roof, a squeeze through a narrow passage and a see-through iron staircase.

The bells have the following inscriptions (in capital letters).<ref name=Pershore_Bells/>{{sfn|Andrews|1901|p=18}}
:1. (Treble) "Joseph Martin and Thomas Evans churchwardens 1814"
:2. "Peace and good neighbourhood" 
:3. "Abr Rudhall of Gloucester cast all of us" 
:4. "Barwell Founder Birmingham. Prosperity to the Church of England 1729 Recast 1897"{{refn|The original inscription read simply "Prosperity to the Church of England" {{sfn|Andrews|1901|p=18}} }}
:5. "Prosperity to all our benefactors A R 1729" 
:6. "Walter Marriott and Edmund Gale churchwardens A R 1729" 
:7. "Richard Roberts Esq John Yeend and Thomas Ashfield Gent[leme]n trustees A R 1729" 
:8. (Tenor) "I to the Church the living call: And to the grave do summon all"

===Font===
In about 1840 the abbey was given a new [[baptismal font]]. The original [[Norman architecture|Norman]] font was removed to the churchyard where it served as a [[Watering trough|cattle trough]], and later as a garden ornament. In 1912 a [[war memorial]] was erected on the site of the [[Victorian era|Victorian]] font and the old font was re-instated, on a pedestal designed by [[Harold Brakspear]]. The font is decorated with an interlacing [[Arcade (design)|arcade]], in the panels of which are the figures of [[Christ]] and his [[Apostles in the New Testament|Apostles]].<ref>Wilson, Dr. M. and Crawford, Rev. K., ''Pershore Abbey'', Official Abbey Guide, 2008, {{ISBN|1-872-665-22-5}}, p16</ref>

==Abbots==
{|  class="wikitable sortable"
!  width="25%" | Name
!  width="20%" | In office
!  width="55%" | Comments
|- valign="top"
| Foldbriht
| ''c''. 970 – 988
|<ref name=HeadsI>Knowles, Brooke and London (2001), ''The heads of religious houses: England & Wales, I. 940–1216'', pp. 58-9.</ref>
|- valign="top"
| Brihtheah (Brihteah)
| ?  – 1033
| Nephew of [[Wulfstan (died 956)|Wulfstan I, Archbishop of York]]; went on to become bishop of Worcester (1033–8)<ref name=HeadsI />
|- valign="top"
| Ælfric
| ?
| ''fl''. 1046 x 1050.<ref name=HeadsI />
|- valign="top"
| Edmund
| 1058–1085
| d. 1085.<ref name=HeadsI />
|- valign="top"
| Thurstan
| 1085–1087
| Master of Gloucester.<ref name=HeadsI />
|- valign="top"
| Hugh
| ?
| Died before 1113.<ref name=HeadsI />
|- valign="top"
| Guy
| ? – 1102{{Clear}} ? – 1136/7
| Deposed in 1102, but later restored to office.<ref name=HeadsI />
|- valign="top"
| William
| 1138 – ?
| Master of Eye.<ref name=HeadsI />
|- valign="top"
| Thomas
| ?
| Appears in 1143 x 1145 and following suspension, again in 1145 x 1150.<ref name=HeadsI />
|- valign="top"
| Reginald
| ? – 1174
| First known appearance in 1155.<ref name=HeadsI />
|- valign="top"
| Simon
| 1175–1198
|<ref name=HeadsI />
|- valign="top"
| Master Anselm
| 1198–1203
| Master of Reading, d. 1203.<ref name=HeadsI />
|- valign="top"
| Gervase
| 1204–1234
| d. 1234.<ref name=HeadsI /><ref name=HeadsII>Smith and London (2001), ''The heads of religious houses: England & Wales, II. 1216–1377'', pp. 56-7.</ref>
|- valign="top"
| Roger de Rudeby (Rudby)
| 1234–1251
| Chamberlain of Pershore.<ref name=HeadsII />
|- valign="top"
| Elerius
| 1251–1264
| Prior of Cogges.<ref name=HeadsII />
|- valign="top"
| Henry of Bidford
| 1264 – ?
| Master of Pershore.<ref name=HeadsII />
|- valign="top"
| Henry de Caldewelle
| 1274–1290
| Master of Pershore.<ref name=HeadsII />
|- valign="top"
| William de Leghe
| 1290–1307
| Cellarer of Pershore.<ref name=HeadsII />
|- valign="top"
| William of Harvington
| 1307–1340
| Master of Pershore, etc.<ref name=HeadsII />
|- valign="top"
| Thomas of Pirton (Pyriton)
| 1340–1349
| Cellarer of Pershore.<ref name=HeadsII />
|- valign="top"
| Peter of Pendock
| 1349–1363
| Master of Pershore.<ref name=HeadsII />
|- valign="top"
| Peter (de) Bradewey(e)
| 1363–1379
| Master of Pershore.<ref name=HeadsII />
|- valign="top"
| Thomas de Upton
| 1379
| Elected 1379.<ref name=Victoria>Willis-Bund and Page, ''The Victoria History of the County of Worcester'', vol. 2, pp. 127-136.</ref>
|- valign="top"
| William de Newenton
| 1413
|<ref name=Victoria />
|- valign="top"
| Edmund Hert
| 1456–1479
|<ref name=Victoria />
|- valign="top"
| Robert Stanwey
| 1479
|<ref name=Victoria />
|- valign="top"
| John Pibleton
| 1497
|<ref name=Victoria />
|- valign="top"
| William Compton
| 1504–1526
|<ref name=Victoria />
|- valign="top"
| John Stonywell
| 1526–1539 x 40
| Surrendered the abbey<ref name=Victoria />
|}

==Organ==
The earliest record of an organ in Pershore abbey is from the parish magazine for June 1825 which stated that the parishioners had started a voluntary subscription fund for the erection of an organ.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=The Earliest Record |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002560/19400504/072/0005 |newspaper=Evesham Standard & West Midland Observer |location=England |date=4 May 1940 |access-date=24 May 2023 |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription  }}</ref> This organ was built by Mr. Russell of London and opened by the organist [[Charles E. J. Clarke|Charles Clarke]] of [[Worcester Cathedral]] on 1 November 1826.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=The organ recently erected in Pershore Abbey Church… |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001945/18261105/029/0007 |newspaper=John Bull |location=England |date=5 November 1826 |access-date=24 May 2023 |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription  }}</ref> This organ is thought to have functioned for 47 years when it was sold to Sedgley Parish Church. In 1864 it is recorded that during a restoration of the church, it was reconstructed by Nicholson of [[Malvern, Worcestershire|Malvern]] and moved to the north-east chapel.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Restoration of Pershore Abbey Church |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002560/19400504/072/0005 |newspaper=Worcestershire Chronicle |location=England |date=8 June 1864 |access-date=24 May 2023 |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription  }}</ref> 

A new three manual organ was built by Nicholson of [[Malvern, Worcestershire|Malvern]] and opened on 18 April 1873.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Pershore. New Organ |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000150/18730419/008/0004 |newspaper=Worcester Journal |location=England |date=19 April 1873 |access-date=24 May 2023 |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription  }}</ref> The Nicholson was restored twice by [[J. W. Walker & Sons Ltd]], in 1940<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Pershore Abbey's New Organ |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000320/19400517/037/0003 |newspaper=Gloucestershire Echo |location=England |date=17 May 1940 |access-date=24 May 2023 |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription  }}</ref>  and 1971.<ref>A specification of the organ can be found on the ''[http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N12480 National Pipe Organ Register]''.</ref> This was replaced by a Bradford electronic organ.

A new pipe organ, costing around £850,000, was commissioned from the Fratelli Ruffatti workshop in Italy and installed in 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pershoreabbey.org.uk/2023/05/12/pershore-abbey-is-open-again-2/ |title=Pershore Abbey is Open Again |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=12 May 2023 |website=Pershore Abbey |access-date=24 May 2023 |quote=}}</ref>

Past organists and masters of music include Charles Tovey (1832-1868<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Deaths |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000150/18680118/029/0008 |newspaper=Worcester Journal |location=England |date=18 January 1868 |access-date=24 May 2023 |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription  }}</ref>), William Hancox (1868<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Pershore |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003389/18680321/041/0002 |newspaper=Bromsgrove & Droitwich Messenger |location=England |date=6 October 1951 |access-date=24 May 2023 |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription  }}</ref>-1869), Charles Henry Ogle (1869-1896), Edred Martin Chaundy (1898–1899, formerly of [[Enniskillen Parish Church]], afterwards [[Holy Trinity Church, Stroud]] and [[St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh (Church of Ireland)|Armagh Cathedral]]), Frank Alfred Charles Mason (1900–1949<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Forty-Eight Years Organist |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002217/19481127/101/0005 |newspaper=Tewkesbury Register |location=England |date=27 November 1948 |access-date=24 May 2023 |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription  }}</ref>), Peter Bruce Waddington (1949-1951), Rodney Clifford Baldwyn (1951<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Pershore. New Organist |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002217/19511006/048/0003 |newspaper=Tewkesbury Register |location=England |date=6 October 1951 |access-date=24 May 2023 |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription  }}</ref>–1981), Ian Gerrard (1993–2003), Sheila Joynes (2003–2004), Mike Pegg (2004–2005), David Barclay (2005–2007) and Alex Crawford (2007–2008). In 2009, Mike Pegg resumed his former duties.
{{Expand list|date=December 2008}}

==Grounds==
The buried foundations of the other monastic buildings, which lie to the southwest of the church, were identified in an archaeological excavation in 1929.<ref>{{NHLE |num=1005303 |desc=Pershore Abbey (site of) |access-date=5 June 2016 |fewer-links=x }}</ref>

At the Dissolution, these buildings and the abbey grounds were acquired by John Richardson. The buildings were demolished and the grounds passed through various owners. Abbey House was later built on the site,<ref>Willis-Bund and Page, ''The Victoria History of the County of Worcester'', vol. 4, pp. 155–163.</ref> sometime in the 1830s. In 1910 its owner, Henry Wise, donated the house to the [[Anglican Benedictine]] monks of [[Caldey Abbey]], Pembrokeshire. When these monks converted to Roman Catholicism in 1913, they returned Abbey House to Wise who then provided it for the use of the small remnant of monks from Caldey who had remained Anglican.<ref>Dunstan (2009), p. 22.</ref> In 1922 the monks bought the house.<ref>Dunstan (2009), p. 49.</ref> They left Pershore for [[Nashdom Abbey]], Buckinghamshire, in 1926,<ref>Dunstan (2009), p. 73.</ref> but only sold Abbey House in 1947 when it was demolished and the grounds became housing and parkland.<ref>Dunstan (2009), p. 69.</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of English abbeys, priories and friaries serving as parish churches]]

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Pershore Abbey from the west.jpg|Pershore Abbey from the west
File:Pershore Abbey in winter sun.jpg|Western path to Pershore Abbey
File:Pershore Abbey NE window.jpg|North aisle, NE window, by [[Franz Mayer & Co.]], 1898
File:Pershore Abbey Sculpure - geograph.org.uk - 489424.jpg|Abbey sculpture in the grounds
File:South transept, Pershore Abbey - geograph.org.uk - 1057546.jpg|South transept
</gallery>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==References==

===Secondary sources===
* {{cite book |title=The Labour of Obedience: The Benedictines of Pershore, Nashdom and Elmore - a History |last=Dunstan |first=Petà |year=2009 |publisher=Canterbury Press |location=Norwich |isbn=978-1-85311-974-3 }}
* {{Cite book|last=Finberg |first=H. P. R. |title=The Early Charters of the West Midlands |orig-year=1961 |year=1972 |edition=2nd |location=Leicester |publisher=Leicester UP }}
* {{Cite book|editor=Hudson, John |year=2002–2007 |title=Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis: The History of the Church of Abingdon |series=2 vols: 1 (2007) and 2 (2002) |location=Oxford |publisher=OUP }}
* {{Cite book |last=Jayakumar |first=S. |chapter=Reform and Retribution: The 'Anti-Monastic Reaction' in the Reign of Edward the Martyr |title=Early Medieval Studies in Honour of Patrick Wormald |editor=S. Baxter|location=Farnham |publisher=Routledge |year=2009 |display-editors=etal}}
* {{Cite book|last=Keynes |first=Simon |title=The Diplomas of King Æthelred 'the Unready' 978-1016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1980 }}
* {{Cite book|editor1=Knowles, David |editor2=C. N. L. Brooke |editor3=Vera C. M. London |title=The Heads of Religious Houses: England & Wales, I. 940–1216 |year=2001 |edition=2nd |location=Cambridge |publisher=CUP}}
* {{Cite book|last=Ridyard |first=S.J. |title=The Royal Saints of Anglo-Saxon England. A Study of West Saxon and East Anglian Cults |series=Studies in Medieval Life and Thought 4 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2008 }}
* {{Cite book|last=Sims-Williams |first=Patrick |title=Religion and Literature in Western England, 600-800 |series=Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 3 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1990 }}
* {{Cite book|editor=Smith, David M. |editor2=Vera C. M. London |title=The Heads of Religious Houses: England & Wales, II. 1216–1377 |year=2001 |location=Cambridge |publisher=CUP}}
* {{Cite ODNB|first=Ann |last=Williams |title=Odda, earl (''d''. 1056) |edition=online |year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/20542 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/20542 |access-date=1 June 2010 }}
* {{Cite journal|last=Stokes |first=Peter A. |title=King Edgar's Charter for Pershore (AD 972) |journal=Anglo-Saxon England |volume=37 |year=2008 |pages=31–78 |doi=10.1017/s0263675109990159|s2cid=159592800 |url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/6497762/coverKing_Edgar_s_Charter.pdf }}
* {{Cite journal|last=Williams |first=A. |author-link=Ann Williams (historian) |title=''Princeps Merciorum gentis''. The Family, Career and Connections of Ælfhere, Ealdorman of Mercia, 956-83 |journal=Anglo-Saxon England |volume=10 |year=1982 |pages=143–72 |doi=10.1017/s0263675100003240}}
* {{Cite book|last=Williams |first=A. |author-link=Ann Williams (historian) |title=The World Before Domesday: The English Aristocracy 900-1066 |location= London |publisher=Continuum |year= 2008}}
* {{Cite book|editor=Willis-Bund, J. W. |editor2=William Page |title=The Victoria History of the County of Worcester |volume=2 |year=1971 |orig-year=1906 |pages=127–136 |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=36470 |access-date=6 May 2010 }}
* {{Cite book|editor=Willis-Bund, J. W. |editor2=William Page |title=The Victoria History of the County of Worcester |volume=4 |year=1971 |orig-year=1924 |pages=155–163 |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/worcs/vol4/pp155-163 |access-date=5 June 2016 }}

===Primary sources===
* [[Anglo-Saxon charters]]: S 70, 209, 1782, 786; S 1143, S 1144, S 1145, S 1146.
* [[Byrhtferth]], ''Life of St Oswald'', ed. {{Cite book|author=J. Raine |title=Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops |series=Rolls Series 71. 3 vols |volume=1 |location=London, Oxford,   Cambridge, Edinburgh, Dublin |year=1879 |publisher=Longman & Co., Trübner & Co., Parker & Co., A & C Black, and Douglas and Foulis; A. Thom & Co. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historianschurc00raingoog/page/n440 399]–475 |url= https://archive.org/details/historianschurc00raingoog }} (Vol II)
* [[John Leland (antiquary)|John Leland]], ''Collectanea'', ed. {{Cite book|author=T. Hearne |title=Joannis Lelandi Antiquarii De Rebus Britannicis Collectanea |edition=3rd |year=1774 |location=London |series=6 volumes |url=https://archive.org/details/joannislelandia06lelagoog }}
* John Leland, ''Itinerarium'', ed. {{Cite book|author=T. Hearne |title=The Itinerary of John Leland the Antiquary |edition=2nd |series=9 vols: vol. 5 |year=1744 |publisher=Printed at the Theater for J. Fletcher and J . Pote |url=https://archive.org/details/itineraryjohnle04heargoog }}
* [[Domesday Book]]: Great Domesday, f. 174v–175r
* [[William of Malmesbury]], ''[[Gesta pontificum Anglorum]]'', ed. and tr. {{Cite book|author1=Michael Winterbottom  |author2=Rodney M. Thomson  |name-list-style=amp |year=2007 |title=Gesta Pontificum Anglorum: The History of the English Bishops |location=Oxford |publisher=OUP }}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.pershoreabbey.org.uk Pershore Abbey website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110908025239/http://www.exposethelight.com/portfolio/pershore-abbey/ Pershore Abbey images]

{{Coord|52|06|38|N|02|04|40|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}}

{{Monasteries in Worcestershire |state=autocollapse}}
{{Benedictine houses of England and Wales}}
{{Greater Churches}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:7th-century establishments in England]]
[[Category:680s establishments]]
[[Category:Anglo-Saxon monastic houses]]
[[Category:Christian monasteries established in the 7th century]]
[[Category:Church of England church buildings in Worcestershire]]
[[Category:Monasteries in Worcestershire]]
[[Category:Benedictine monasteries in England]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Worcestershire]]
[[Category:1539 disestablishments in England]]
[[Category:Lists of abbots]]
[[Category:Grade I listed churches in Worcestershire]]
[[Category:Monasteries dissolved under the English Reformation]]
[[Category:Pershore]]
[[Category:7th-century church buildings in England]]