View source for Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington

{{Short description|British politician (1919–2018)}}
{{redirect2|Lord Carrington|Peter Carrington|other holders of the title|Baron Carrington|the life peer|Matthew Carrington, Baron Carrington of Fulham|the rugby league footballer|Peter Carrington (rugby)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]] [[The Right Honourable]]
| name             = The Lord Carrington
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KG|GCMG|CH|MC|PC|DL}}
| image            = Peter Carington 1984.jpg
| caption          = Carrington in 1984
| order2           = 6th
| office2          = Secretary General of NATO
| term_start2      = 25 June 1984
| term_end2        = 1 July 1988
| predecessor2     = [[Joseph Luns]]
| successor2       = [[Manfred Wörner]]
| office4          = [[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs]]
| primeminister4   = [[Margaret Thatcher]]
| term_start4      = 4 May 1979
| term_end4        = 5 April 1982
| predecessor4     = [[David Owen]]
| successor4       = [[Francis Pym]]
{{Collapsed infobox section begin |last = yes |Other ministerial offices
| titlestyle       = border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes
| office4          = {{ubl|[[Shadow Leader of the House of Lords|Leader of the Opposition in the Lords<br>Shadow Leader of the House of Lords]]}}
| leader4          = {{ubl|[[Edward Heath]]|[[Margaret Thatcher]]}}
| term_start4      = 4 March 1974
| term_end4        = 4 May 1979
| predecessor4     = [[The Lord Shackleton]]
| successor4       = [[Fred Peart, Baron Peart|The Lord Peart]]
| leader5          = {{ubl|[[Alec Douglas-Home]]|[[Edward Heath]]}}
| term_start5      = 16 October 1964
| term_end5        = 20 June 1970
| predecessor5     = [[A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough|The Earl Alexander of Hillsborough]]
| successor5       = [[The Lord Shackleton]]
| office6          = [[Secretary of State for Energy]]
| primeminister6   = [[Edward Heath]]
| term_start6      = 8 January 1974
| term_end6        = 4 March 1974
| predecessor6     = Office established
| successor6       = [[Eric Varley]]
| office7          = [[Chairman of the Conservative Party]]
| leader7          = [[Edward Heath]]
| term_start7      = 7 April 1972
| term_end7        = 4 March 1974
| predecessor7     = [[Peter Thomas, Baron Thomas of Gwydir|Peter Thomas]]
| successor7       = [[William Whitelaw]]
| office8          = [[Secretary of State for Defence]]
| primeminister8   = [[Edward Heath]]
| term_start8      = 20 June 1970
| term_end8        = 8 January 1974
| predecessor8     = [[Denis Healey]]
| successor8       = [[Ian Gilmour]]
| office9          = {{ubl|[[Leader of the House of Lords]]|[[Minister without portfolio (United Kingdom)|Minister without Portfolio]]}}
| primeminister9   = [[Alec Douglas-Home]]
| term_start9      = 20 October 1963
| term_end9        = 16 October 1964
| predecessor9     = {{ubl|[[Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone|The Viscount Hailsham]]|[[Bill Deedes]]}}
| successor9       = {{ubl|[[Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford|The Earl of Longford]]|[[George Thomson, Baron Thomson of Monifieth|George Thomson]]}}
| office11         = [[First Lord of the Admiralty]]
| primeminister11  = [[Harold Macmillan]]
| term_start11     = 14 October 1959
| term_end11       = 20 October 1963
| predecessor11    = [[George Douglas-Hamilton, 10th Earl of Selkirk|The Earl of Selkirk]]
| successor11      = [[George Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe|The Earl Jellicoe]]
| office12         = [[List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Australia|High Commissioner to Australia]]
| primeminister12  = {{ubl|[[Sir Anthony Eden]]|[[Harold Macmillan]]}}
| term_start12     = 26 May 1956
| term_end12       = 14 October 1959
| predecessor12    = [[Stephen Holmes (diplomat)|Stephen Holmes]]
| successor12      = [[William Oliver (British Army officer)|Sir William Oliver]]
| office13         = [[Parliamentary Secretary to the&nbsp;Ministry&nbsp;of&nbsp;Defence]]
| primeminister13  = {{ubl|[[Sir Winston Churchill]]|Sir [[Anthony Eden]]}}
| term_start13     = 18 October 1954
| term_end13       = 26 May 1956
| predecessor13    = [[Nigel Birch]]
| successor13      = [[Archibald Acheson, 6th Earl of Gosford|The Earl of Gosford]]
| office14         = [[Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries|Parliamentary Secretary to<br/>the Ministry of Agriculture and Food]]
| primeminister14  = Sir [[Winston Churchill]]
| term_start14     = 5 November 1951
| term_end14       = 18 October 1954
| alongside14      = [[Richard Nugent, Baron Nugent of Guildford|Richard Nugent]]
| predecessor14    = {{ubl|[[William Hare, 5th Earl of Listowel|The Earl of Listowel]]|[[Arthur Champion, Baron Champion|Arthur Champion]]}}
| successor14      = {{ubl|[[Richard Nugent, Baron Nugent of Guildford|Richard Nugent]]|[[Michael Hicks Beach, 2nd Earl St Aldwyn|The Earl St Aldwyn]]}}{{Collapsed infobox section end}}}}
| office15         = Member of the [[House of Lords]]
| status15         = Lord Temporal
| term_start15     = 6 June 1940
| term_end15       = 11 November 1999<br>as a [[hereditary peer]]
| predecessor15    = [[Rupert Carington, 5th Baron Carrington|The 5th Baron Carrington]]
| successor15      = ''Seat abolished''{{thin space|{{efn|Pursuant to the [[House of Lords Act 1999]].}}}}
| term_start16     = 17 November 1999
| term_end16       = 9 July 2018<br>as a [[life peer]]
| birth_name       = Peter Alexander Rupert Carington
| birth_date       = {{birth date|1919|6|6|df=y}}
| birth_place      = London, England
| death_date       = {{death date and age|2018|7|9|1919|6|6|df=y}}
| death_place      = [[Bledlow]], England
| party            = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]
| spouse           = {{marriage|Iona McClean|1942|2009|end=died}}
| children         = 3, including [[Rupert Carington, 7th Baron Carrington|Rupert]]
| father           = [[Rupert Carington, 5th&nbsp;Baron&nbsp;Carrington]]
| mother           = Hon. Sybil Marion Colville
| alma_mater       = [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]
<!-- Military service -->
| allegiance       = United Kingdom
| branch           = {{army|United Kingdom}}
| unit             = [[Grenadier Guards]]
| military_blank1  = [[Service number#United Kingdom|Service No.]]
| military_data1   = 85592
| battles          = [[Second World War]]
| serviceyears     = 1939–1949 {{avoid wrap|(inactive from 1945)}}
| rank             = [[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]]
| mawards          = [[Military Cross]]
}}
'''Peter Alexander Rupert Carington, 6th Baron Carrington, Baron Carington of Upton''' (6 June 1919 – 9{{nbsp}}July 2018), was a [[British Conservative Party]] politician and [[hereditary peer]] who served as [[Secretary of State for Defence|Defence Secretary]] from 1970 to 1974, [[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|Foreign Secretary]] from 1979 to 1982, chairman of the [[General Electric Company]] from 1983 to 1984, and [[Secretary General of NATO]] from 1984 to 1988. In [[Margaret Thatcher]]'s first government, he played a major role in negotiating the [[Lancaster House Agreement]] that ended the conflict in [[Rhodesia]] and enabled the creation of [[Zimbabwe]]. Carington later served as the Chairman of the Steering Committee for the [[Bilderberg Meeting|Bilderberg Group]]'s meetings from 1990 to 1998.

Carington was Foreign Secretary in 1982 when [[1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands|Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands]]. He took full responsibility for the failure to foresee this and resigned. As [[NATO]] secretary general, he helped prevent a war between Greece and Turkey during the [[1987 Aegean crisis]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/29/world/greeks-and-turks-ease-aegean-crisis.html |title=Greeks and Turks ease Aegean crisis |author=Alan Cowell |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=29 March 1987 |access-date=2 July 2017 }}</ref>

Following the [[House of Lords Act 1999]], which removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the [[House of Lords]], Carington was created a [[life peer]] as Baron Carington of Upton.

==Background and early life==
The surname "Carrington" (with two Rs) was adopted by royal licence dated 1839 by his direct male ancestor [[Robert Carrington, 2nd Baron Carrington]], in lieu of Smith.<ref>Cokayne, and others, ''[[The Complete Peerage]]'', volume II, p. 197.</ref> The latter's father, [[Robert Smith, 1st Baron Carrington|Robert Smith]], MP for Nottingham, was created [[Baron Carrington]] in 1796 (Peerage of Ireland) and 1797 (Peerage of Great Britain).<ref>Kidd, Charles. ''Debrett's Peerage & Baronetage'', 2015 Edition. London, England. p. 220.</ref> The spelling of the surname was changed by royal licence to "Carington" (with one r) in 1880 by the 2nd Baron's sons, but the spelling of the title did not change.

Born in [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]] on 6 June 1919,<ref name="nyt">{{cite web |url=https://mobile.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/07/10/world/europe/ap-eu-britain-obit-peter-carrington.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710165138/https://mobile.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/07/10/world/europe/ap-eu-britain-obit-peter-carrington.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 July 2018 |title=Peter Carington, Last Survivor of Churchill Govt, Dies at 99 |access-date=10 July 2018 |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sR4Ch1dMe8IC&pg=PA280 |title=The International Who's Who 2004 |first=Europa |last=Publications |date=10 July 2018 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=9781857432176 |access-date=10 July 2018 |via=Google Books}}</ref> Peter Alexander Rupert Carington<ref name=TelegraphObituary>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2018/07/10/lord-carrington-obituary/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2018/07/10/lord-carrington-obituary/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Lord Carrington – obituary |work=The Telegraph |date=10 July 2018 |access-date=4 August 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> was the only son of the [[Rupert Carington, 5th Baron Carrington|5th Baron Carrington]] by his wife, the Hon. Sybil Marion Colville, a daughter of [[Charles Colville, 2nd Viscount Colville of Culross]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=zIiM0s6cUcv6%2FufDdupJlg&scan=1 |title=Index entry |access-date=14 November 2017 |work=FreeBMD |publisher=ONS}}</ref> His great-uncles were the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] statesman [[Charles Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire]], and politician and courtier the Hon. [[William Carington|Sir William Carington]].{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} Carington grew up in Millaton House, in [[Bridestowe]], Devon.<ref>{{cite book|title=Carrington: An Honourable Man|last=Lee|first=Christopher|publisher=[[Viking]]|edition=1st paperback|year=2018|isbn=9780670916467}}</ref> He went to [[Sandroyd School]] from 1928 to 1932,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/resources/1508 |title=The Papers of Lord Carrington, Churchill Archives Centre |via=University of Cambridge |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref> based at that time in [[Cobham, Surrey]], and [[Eton College]]. On leaving Eton, his housemaster, Cyril Butterwick, said of Carington, "For a really stupid boy, there are three possible professions: farming, soldiering and stockbroking".<ref name=TelegraphObituary/>

==Military service==
After training at the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]], Carington was commissioned into the [[Grenadier Guards]] as a [[second lieutenant]] on 26 January 1939.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34593|page=608|date=27 January 1939}}</ref> He served with the regiment during the [[Second World War]], was promoted to [[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|lieutenant]] on 1 January 1941,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35077 |supp=y|page=954|date=14 February 1941}}</ref> and later temporary [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]]<ref name="MC" /> and acting [[Major (United Kingdom)|major]]. Carington was a tank commander during [[Operation Market Garden]] in the Netherlands in 1944. He led the first group of four [[Sherman Firefly|Sherman]] tanks to cross the [[Nijmegen road bridge]] across the [[Waal River]] and was awarded the [[Military Cross]] (MC) on 1 March 1945 "in recognition of gallant and distinguished services in North West Europe".<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=36961 |supp=y|page=1171|date=27 February 1945}}</ref><ref name="MC">{{London Gazette|issue=36961 |supp=y|pages=1173–1175|date=27 February 1945}}</ref> After the war, Carington remained in the army until 1949.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37815 |supp=y|page=2877|date=10 December 1946}}<br />{{London Gazette|issue=38636 |supp=y|page=2877|date=10 June 1949}}<br />{{London Gazette|issue=38654 |supp=y|page=3231|date=1 July 1949}}</ref>

==Political career 1946–1982==
In 1938, Carington succeeded [[Rupert Carington, 5th Baron Carrington|his father]] as 6th Baron Carrington. Although he became eligible to take his seat in the [[House of Lords]] on his 21st birthday in 1940, since he was on active service, he did not do so until 9 October 1945.<ref>[http://www.parliament.uk/about/faqs/house-of-lords-faqs/lords-members/ Membership and principal office holders]. Parliament of the United Kingdom.</ref> After leaving the Army, Carington became involved in politics, and served in the Conservative governments of [[Winston Churchill]] and [[Anthony Eden]] as [[Parliamentary secretary]] to the [[Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (United Kingdom)|Minister of Agriculture and Food]] from November 1951 to October 1954. He was also appointed [[deputy lieutenant]] of [[Buckinghamshire]] on 2 July 1951.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=39278|page=3687|date=6 July 1951}}</ref> During the [[Crichel Down affair]], which led to the resignation of minister [[Thomas Dugdale, 1st Baron Crathorne|Thomas Dugdale]], Carington tendered his resignation, which was refused by the Prime Minister. Carington was Parliamentary Secretary to the [[Minister of Defence (United Kingdom)|Minister of Defence]] from October 1954 to October 1956, and was then appointed [[List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Australia|High Commissioner to Australia]], a post he held until October 1959. He became a [[Privy Counsellor]] in 1959.<ref>[http://privycouncil.independent.gov.uk/privy-council/privy-council-members/privy-counsellors/ 'List of current Privy Counsellors'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111221115352/http://privycouncil.independent.gov.uk/privy-council/privy-council-members/privy-counsellors/ |date=21 December 2011 }}. Privy Council of the United Kingdom.</ref>
[[Image:Plaque stonework ainslie church ACT.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Stone set by Lord Carrington, while High Commissioner to Australia, at [[All Saints Anglican Church, Canberra|All Saints Church, Canberra]].]]
Following his return to Britain he served under [[Harold Macmillan]] as [[First Lord of the Admiralty]] until October 1963.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=41860|page=6942|date=3 November 1959}}<br />{{London Gazette|issue=41891|page=7851|date=11 December 1959}}<br />{{London Gazette|issue=41966|page=1451|date=26 February 1960}}<br />{{London Gazette|issue=42044|page=3736|date=27 May 1960}}<br />{{London Gazette|issue=42249|page=263|date=13 January 1961}}<br />{{London Gazette|issue=42321|page=2546|date=7 April 1961}}<br />{{London Gazette|issue=42476|page=7055|date=29 September 1961}}<br />{{London Gazette|issue=42504|page=7931|date=3 November 1961}}<br />{{London Gazette|issue=42564|page=145|date=5 January 1962}}<br />{{London Gazette|issue=42909|page=980|date=1 February 1963}}<br />{{London Gazette|issue=42925|page=1619|date=19 February 1963}}<br />{{London Gazette|issue=42995|page=4217|date=17 May 1963}}<br />{{London Gazette|issue=43077|page=6683|date=9 August 1963}}</ref> In this role, Carington worked with [[Lord Mountbatten]], who was [[Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)|Chief of the Defence Staff]], during a time of major restructuring and reform of the [[Admiralty (United Kingdom)|Admiralty]].<ref>C. Lee. Carrington. An Honourable Man. Viking. Milton Keynes (2018) pp. 169–70.</ref> After [[Alec Douglas-Home]] became prime minister in October 1963, Carington held the posts of [[Minister without portfolio (United Kingdom)|minister without portfolio]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]] until October 1964, when the [[1964 United Kingdom general election|general election]] led to a change of government. From 1964 to 1970 he was [[Parliamentary opposition|Leader of the Opposition]] in the [[House of Lords]].

When the Conservatives returned to power in 1970 under [[Edward Heath]], Carington became [[Secretary of State for Defence|Defence Secretary]], where he remained until the [[February 1974 United Kingdom general election|February 1974 general election]]. In a 1977 letter discussing the policy of torture of [[Irish republican]] internees during [[Operation Demetrius]] in August 1971, the then Home Secretary [[Merlyn Rees]] attributed the origins of the policy to Carington: '"It is my view (confirmed by [[Brian Faulkner]] before his death [NI's prime minister at the time]) that the decision to use methods of torture in Northern Ireland in 1971/72 was taken by ministers – in particular Lord Carrington, then secretary of state for defence."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hennessy |first=Mark |title=British ministers sanctioned torture of NI internees |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/british-ministers-sanctioned-torture-of-ni-internees-1.1820882 |access-date=25 January 2022 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=5 June 2014|title=British government authorised use of torture methods in NI in early 1970s|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-27714715|access-date=25 January 2022}}</ref>

Carington became shadow defence secretary in 1968 after [[Enoch Powell]] was dismissed, following his controversial [[Rivers of Blood speech]] on immigration.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/west_midlands/7343256.stm |work=BBC News |title=Powell's 'rivers of blood' legacy |date=18 April 2008}}</ref> He also served as [[Chairman of the Conservative Party]] from 1972 to 1974, and was briefly [[Secretary of State for Energy]] from January to March 1974.

[[File:Peter Carington and Alexander Haig.jpg|thumb|left|Carington (then Foreign Secretary) and US Secretary of State [[Alexander Haig]] meet during a 1981 state visit by [[Margaret Thatcher]] to the US.]]
Carington was again leader of the opposition in the House of Lords from 1974 to 1979. In 1979 he was made [[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|Foreign Secretary]] and [[Minister for Overseas Development]] in the first cabinet of [[Margaret Thatcher]]. Thatcher spoke highly of Carington, stating that "Peter had great panache and the ability to identify immediately the main points in any argument; and he could express himself in pungent terms. We had disagreements, but there were never any hard feelings."<ref>[[Margaret Thatcher]] (1993). ''[[The Downing Street Years]]''. HarperCollins. p. 27. {{ISBN|0002550490}}</ref>

Carington chaired the [[Lancaster House Agreement|Lancaster House conference]] in 1979, attended by [[Ian Smith]], [[Abel Muzorewa]], [[Robert Mugabe]], [[Joshua Nkomo]] and [[Josiah Tongogara]], which brought to an end [[Rhodesia]]'s [[Rhodesian Bush War|Bush War]]. He later expressed his support for Mugabe over Smith.<ref>{{cite book
|title=Dinner with Mugabe: The Untold Story of a Freedom Fighter Who Became a Tyrant
|last=Holland
|first=Heidi
|author-link=Heidi Holland
|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]
|location=London
|date=February 2009
|isbn=978-0-14-104079-0
|page=64}}</ref>

Carington was primarily responsible for ensuring the [[Canada Act 1982|1982 Canada Act]] passed the House of Lords. Under the provisions of the act, which received [[Royal Assent]] on 29 March 1982, the British Parliament renounced any future role in amending the [[Canadian constitution]], a process known in the former dominion as [[patriation]].

Carington was foreign secretary when Argentina [[Falklands War|invaded]] the [[Falkland Islands]] on 2 April 1982. He resigned his position on 5 April, taking full responsibility for the complacency of the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] in its failure to foresee this development<ref>Erik J. Evans, ''Thatcher and Thatcherism'' (1997), p. 99.</ref> and for the misleading signals sent by the Foreign Office on British intentions for retaining control over the Falklands.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=The dishonourable Boris Johnson has brought us to the brink of catastrophe |url=http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jul/15/lord-carrington-boris-johnson-brexit-absence-of-honour-brink-of-catastrophe |access-date=25 January 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> In her autobiography, [[Margaret Thatcher]] later expressed her sorrow at his departure.<ref>Charles Moore, ''Margaret Thatcher: The Authorized Biography: Volume I: From Grantham to the Falklands'' (2015), 1:674–75.</ref> She had asked him to stay but he left because he and the Foreign Office were distrusted and even hated by many back-bench Conservatives.<ref>Hugo Young, ''One of Us: A Biography of Mrs. Thatcher'' (1989), p. 265.</ref>

Lord Carrington was the most recent [[hereditary peer]] to hold one of the four [[Great Offices of State]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Peter Carrington |url=https://www.europeanleadershipnetwork.org/person/peter-carrington/ |publisher=European Leadership Network |access-date=12 July 2018 |archive-date=12 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712220125/https://www.europeanleadershipnetwork.org/person/peter-carrington/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Later life and death==
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F068478-0034, Bonn, NATO Generalsekretär bei Minister Genscher.jpg|thumb|280px|Carrington (then [[Secretary General of NATO|NATO Secretary General]]) with West German Foreign Minister [[Genscher]] in Bonn, 1984]]
Carington served as [[Secretary General of NATO]] from 1984 to 1988. He was chairman of the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] from 1983 to 1988.<ref>{{cite book |title=Carrington: An Honourable Man |last=Lee |first=Christopher |publisher=[[Viking]] |edition=1st paperback |year=2018 |isbn=9780670916467}}</ref> He was appointed Chancellor of the [[Order of St Michael and St George]] on 1 August 1984,<ref name=Gazette49826>{{London Gazette|issue=49826|page=10601|date=3 August 1984}}</ref> serving until June 1994.<ref>{{cite news |title=Court Circular |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/court-circular-1421562.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220061933/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/court-circular-1421562.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 December 2013 |newspaper=Independent |date=10 June 1994}}</ref>

In 1991, he presided over diplomatic talks about the [[breakup of Yugoslavia]] and attempted to pass a plan to end the wars and result in each republic becoming an independent nation.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-12978363 |title=Obituary: Lord Carrington |date=10 July 2018 |work=BBC News |access-date=6 September 2018 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Aside from his political posts, Carington was chancellor of the [[University of Reading]] and served as chairman of several companies, including [[Christie's]], and as a director of many others, including [[Barclays Bank]], [[Cadbury Schweppes]] and ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. He also chaired the [[Bilderberg conference]]s from 1990 to 1998, being succeeded in 1999 by [[Étienne Davignon]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Rockefeller |first=David |author-link=David Rockefeller |title=Memoirs |publisher=Random House |year=2002 |page=[https://archive.org/details/davidrockefeller00davi/page/412 412] |isbn=0-679-40588-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/davidrockefeller00davi/page/412 }}</ref> From 1983 to 2002, he was president of the [[Pilgrims Society]],<ref>{{cite book |title=[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]] |year=1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Centennial History |url=http://www.pilgrimsociety.org/book.php |website=pilgrimsociety.org}}</ref> and from 1971 to 2018 president of the [[Britain–Australia Society]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Vale Lord Carrington |url=http://britain-australia.org.uk/news/2018/07/vale-lord-carrington |website=britain-australia.org.uk |access-date=6 June 2019 |archive-date=6 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606112046/http://britain-australia.org.uk/news/2018/07/vale-lord-carrington/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> He was appointed [[Chancellor of the Order of the Garter]] on 8 November 1994,<ref name=Gazette53843>{{London Gazette|issue=53843|page=15625|date=8 November 1994}}</ref> a role from which he retired in October 2012.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=60301|page=19937|date=17 October 2012}}</ref>

After the [[House of Lords Act 1999]] removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the [[House of Lords]], Carington, along with all former leaders of the House of Lords, was given a [[life peer]]age on 17 November 1999. He took this as Baron Carington of Upton, of Upton in the County of Nottinghamshire.<ref name=Gazette55676>{{London Gazette|issue=55676|page=12466|date=23 November 1999}}</ref> He was the longest-serving member of the House of Lords, and following the retirement of [[Lord Barber of Tewkesbury]] in 2016, had been the oldest. He was the second longest-serving member of the [[Privy Council (United Kingdom)|Privy Council]] after the [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Duke of Edinburgh]].

Carington died from pneumonia on 9 July 2018, aged 99, at his home, the Manor House, in [[Bledlow]], Buckinghamshire.<ref name=ODNB/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-44778134 |title=Ex-foreign secretary Lord Carrington dies |work=BBC News |date=10 July 2018 |access-date=10 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=guardianobit>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jul/10/peter-carrington-lord-carrington-obituary |title=Lord Carrington obituary |first=Julia |last=Langdon |date=10 July 2018 |work=The Guardian |access-date=10 July 2018}}</ref> His son [[Rupert Carington, 7th Baron Carrington|Rupert]] succeeded him as [[Baron Carrington]].<ref name=TelegraphObituary/>

A memorial service was held at Westminster Abbey on 31 January 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-news/lord-carrington-remembered |title=Lord Carrington remembered at Westminster Abbey service }}</ref>

==Family==
Carington married Iona McClean (19 March 1920 – 7 June 2009), daughter of Lt Col. [[Francis McClean|Sir Francis McClean]] and Aileen Wale, on 25 April 1942. They had three children: Alexandra de Bunsen (born 1943), Virginia Carington (born 1946; formerly married to [[Henry Cubitt, 4th Baron Ashcombe|Lord Ashcombe]]),<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/10497686/Lord-Ashcombe-obituary.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/10497686/Lord-Ashcombe-obituary.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Lord Ashcombe - obituary |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=25 December 2013 |access-date=20 July 2024}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and [[Rupert Carington, 7th Baron Carrington]] (born 1948). Carington's wife, Lady Carrington, died on 7 June 2009, aged 89.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/politics-obituaries/5626228/Lady-Carrington.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/politics-obituaries/5626228/Lady-Carrington.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |title=Lady Carrington |date=24 June 2009 |access-date=22 May 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name=guardianobit/>

==In popular culture==
Carington was a guest on [[BBC Radio 4]]'s long-running programme ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'' in 1975<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p009n67n |title=BBC Radio 4 - Desert Island Discs, Lord Carrington}}</ref> and on the same station's ''[[A Good Read]]'' in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0076mxz |title=BBC Radio 4 - A Good Read, Lord Carrington & Clare Francis}}</ref>

In the 1977 war film [[A Bridge Too Far (film)|''A Bridge Too Far'']], [[John Stride]] played a Grenadier Guards captain at [[Nijmegen railway bridge|Nijmegen Bridge]] based on Carington. This portrayal depicted the historical argument between Carington and Major [[Julian Cook]] on whether to move forward along the "[[A50 motorway (Netherlands)|Hell's Highway]]" route.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.keymilitary.com/article/carrington-one-mans-decision |title=Carrington's One Man Decision |publisher=Key Military |date=29 August 2019}}</ref>

In February 1982 Carington was portrayed by [[Rowan Atkinson]] in a ''[[Not the Nine O'Clock News]]'' parody of ''[[Question Time (TV programme)|Question Time]]'', pedantically discussing an imminent [[nuclear holocaust]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sotcaa.org/history/sotcaa2000/sotcaa2000_frame.html?/history/sotcaa2000/editnews/not_episodes.html |title=Not The Nine O'Clock News episode guide, see: Season 4, Episode 4 |publisher=SOTCAA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p036g851 |title=Episode 1, Compilations, Not the Nine O'Clock News – BBC Two |date=27 October 1995 |publisher=BBC |access-date=10 July 2018}}</ref>

Carington was portrayed by [[James Fox]] in the 2002 [[BBC]] production of [[Ian Curteis]]'s ''[[The Falklands Play]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f14a889 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311164928/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f14a889 |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 March 2016 |title=James Fox |publisher=British Film Institute |access-date=10 July 2018}}</ref>
He was also briefly portrayed by [[James Smith (actor)|James Smith]] in the 2011 film ''[[The Iron Lady (film)|The Iron Lady]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.straysthefilm.com/cast/#JamesSmith |title=Cast |publisher=Straysthefilm.com |access-date=10 July 2018 |archive-date=10 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710210422/http://www.straysthefilm.com/cast/#JamesSmith |url-status=dead}}</ref> and by [[Jeff Rawle]] in the 2014 play ''[[Handbagged]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2014/apr/15/handbagged-moira-buffini-thatcher-the-queen-vaudeville-review |title=Handbagged review – Playful speculation on Thatcher's meetings with the Queen |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=10 July 2018}}</ref>

==Honours==
[[File:Lord Carrington.jpg|thumb|Lord Carrington, as Chancellor of the [[Order of the Garter]], in procession to [[St George's Chapel]] in 2006]]
*1945: [[Military Cross]]
*1958:<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=41404 |supp=y|page=3514|date=3 June 1958}}</ref> [[Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George]] (KCMG)
*1959: Lord of [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council]]
*1983:<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=49375 |supp=y|page=19|date=10 June 1983}}</ref> [[Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour]] (CH)
*1985:<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=50104|page=5844|date=26 April 1985}}</ref> [[Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter]] (KG); Chancellor of the Order<ref name=Gazette53843 /> (1994–2012)
*1988:<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=51365 |supp=y|page=3|date=10 June 1988}}</ref> [[Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George]] (GCMG); Chancellor of the Order<ref name=Gazette49826 /> (1984–1994)<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=53691|page=8301|date=7 June 1994}}</ref>
*1999:<ref name=Gazette55676 /> [[Life peer]]age, as Baron Carington of Upton
*[[Order of Charles III|Knight Grand Cross of the Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Charles III]]<ref>{{in lang|es}} "[https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1988-13614 Royal Decree 554/1988, 3 June]", ''[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]'', No. 134, 4 June 1988, p. 17360.</ref>
*1988:<ref>Ronald Reagan: "[http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=35808 Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Lord Peter Carrington] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629235721/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=35808 |date=29 June 2018 }}", 10 May 1988. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project.</ref> [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]
*[[Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service]]
*[[Freedom of the City of London]]

=== Honorary degrees ===
*1981:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cam.ac.uk/system/files/honorary_degrees_conferred_1977-present_by_name.pdf |title=Honorary degrees conferred 1977 |publisher=University of Cambridge |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906021918/https://www.cam.ac.uk/system/files/honorary_degrees_conferred_1977-present_by_name.pdf |archive-date=6 September 2015}}</ref> [[University of Cambridge]] ([[Doctor of Law|LLD]])
*1983:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.essex.ac.uk/academic/docs/cal/former.shtm#grad |title=Calendar of the University of Essex – Former Chancellors, Vice-Chancellors, Emeritus Professors, Emeritus Librarians, Honorary Fellows and Honorary Graduates of the University |publisher=Essex.ac.uk |access-date=4 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007233550/http://www.essex.ac.uk/academic/docs/cal/former.shtm#grad |archive-date=7 October 2012 }}</ref> [[University of Essex]] ([[DUniv]])
*December 1989:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rdg.ac.uk/about/people/about-carrington.asp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120910025848/http://www.rdg.ac.uk/about/people/about-carrington.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 September 2012 |title=Lord Carrington – Chancellor of the University of Reading – University of Reading |publisher=Rdg.ac.uk |access-date=4 November 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rdg.ac.uk/about/about-honorary.asp |title=honorary graduates of the university of reading – University of Reading |publisher=Rdg.ac.uk |access-date=4 November 2010 |archive-date=16 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716014133/http://www.rdg.ac.uk/about/about-honorary.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[University of Reading]] ([[DLitt]])
*1986:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.commencement.harvard.edu/background/hon_deg.html |title=Harvard University Commencement &#124; Some honorary degree recipients |publisher=Commencement.harvard.edu |access-date=4 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124193138/http://www.commencement.harvard.edu/background/hon_deg.html |archive-date=24 January 2011 }}</ref> [[Harvard University]] ([[Doctor of Law|LLD]])
*1993:<ref>[http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/registrar/honorary-degrees/hon-deg-list-july08.pdf Honorary Graduates of the University of Nottingham]. University of Nottingham {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207010119/http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/registrar/honorary-degrees/hon-deg-list-july08.pdf |date=7 December 2008 }}</ref> [[University of Nottingham]] ([[Doctor of Law|LLD]])
*14 December 1998:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncl.ac.uk/alumni/involved/strategic/convocation/archive/minutes99.html |title=Home Page – Alumni Association |publisher=Newcastle University |access-date=4 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306015515/http://www.ncl.ac.uk/alumni/involved/strategic/convocation/archive/minutes99.html |archive-date=6 March 2012 }}</ref> [[University of Newcastle upon Tyne]] ([[Doctor of Civil Law|DCL]])
*21 November 2003:<ref>[http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/po/news/2003-04/nov/21.shtml Chancellor's choice: honorary degrees for top 10]. University of Oxford (21 November 2003) {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514174416/http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/po/news/2003-04/nov/21.shtml |date=14 May 2007 }}</ref> [[University of Oxford]] ([[Doctor of Civil Law|DCL]])

===Arms===
{{emblem table
|image = Coat of Arms of Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington.svg
|bannerimage = Garter Banner of the 6th Baron Carrington.svg
|badgeimage =
|notes = 6th Baron Carrington since 1938
|adopted =
|crest =''An elephant's head erased or eared gules charged on the neck with three fleurs-de-lis, two and one azure''.
|torse = Mantling: ''Or and sable''.
|coronet = A [[Coronet|coronet of a Baron]]
|helm =
|escutcheon = ''Or, a chevron cotised between three demi-griffins couped those in chief respectant sable''.<ref>Kidd, Charles, ''Debrett's peerage & Baronetage'', 2015 edition, London, 2015, p. 220, with existing addition of "couped", although demi-lions usually shown couped not erased.</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Chesshyre |first=Hubert |title=The Friends of St. George's & Descendants of the Knights of the Garter Annual Review 1995/96 |year=1996 |volume=VII |page=287}}</ref>
|supporters =''Two griffins wings elevated sable, the dexter charged on the body with three fleurs-de-lis palewise or and the sinister with three trefoils slipped palewise of the last''.<ref>Kidd, Charles, ''Debrett's peerage & Baronetage'', 2015 edition, London, 2015, p. 220, amended by existing text adding further clarity, namely "on the body". The charges are here not shown palewise (in a vertical column) as in the blazon. Debrett's blazon makes no mention of ''beaked etc., or'' as depicted.</ref>
|compartment =
|motto = TENAX ET FIDELIS <br /> [[Latin]]: ''Tenacious and faithful''
|orders = The [[Order of the Garter]] circlet.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cq8KAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA217 |title=A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire |date=1832 |publisher=H. Colburn and R. Bentley |language=en}}</ref>
|other_elements =
|banner = The banner of the Baron Carrington's arms as Knight Companion of the Garter
|badge =
|symbolism =
|previous_versions =
}}

==Bibliography==
*''Reflect on Things Past – The Memoirs of Lord Carrington''. Published by William Collins, 1988.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Reflect On Things Past |date=1988 |publisher=Collins |isbn=978-0-00-217667-5 }}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
<references>
<ref name=ODNB>{{cite ODNB
 | doi         = 10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380447
 | title       = Carington, Peter Alexander Rupert, sixth Baron Carrington and Baron Carington of Upton (1919–2018), politician
 | first       = Simon J.
 | last        = Heffer
 | author-link = Simon Heffer
 | date        = 10 March 2022
}}</ref>
</references>

==Further reading==
* Bennett, Harry. "Lord Carrington, 1979–82." in ''British Foreign Secretaries Since 1974'' (Routledge, 2004), pp.&nbsp;131–154.
* Carrington, Peter Alexander Rupert Carington Baron. ''Reflect on things past: The memoirs of Lord Carrington'' (HarperCollins, 1988), a primary source.
** Kedourie, Elie. "False inevitabilities." ''American Scholar'' (1990) 59#3, pp.&nbsp;462–468, review.
* Novak, Andrew. "Face-saving maneuvers and strong third-party mediation: the Lancaster house conference on Zimbabwe-Rhodesia." ''International Negotiation'' 14.1 (2009): 149–174. [https://www.academia.edu/download/4782301/Zimbabwe_negotiation_article.pdf online]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
* Sharp, Paul. "The Thatcher-Carrington Partnership." in ''Thatcher's Diplomacy'' (Palgrave Macmillan, London, 1997), pp.&nbsp;30–49.
* Tendi, Blessing-Miles. "Soldiers contra diplomats: Britain's role in the Zimbabwe/Rhodesia ceasefire (1979–1980) reconsidered." ''Small Wars & Insurgencies'' 26.6 (2015): 937–956.
* Yorke, Edmund. {{"'}}A Family Affair': the Lancaster House Agreement." in ''Diplomacy at the Highest Level'' (Palgrave Macmillan, 1996), pp.&nbsp;200–219.

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{NPG name}}
*[https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199900/minutes/991117/ldminute.htm Announcement of his taking the oath under his new title at the House of Lords] House of Lords minutes of proceedings, 17 November 1999
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070521234016/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/03/26/weu126.xml Lord Carrington's views on the EU from the Daily Telegraph]
* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/uk_politics/04/thatchers_government/html/carrington.stm Thatcher's First Cabinet]
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80011023 Imperial War Museum Interview]
* [http://nato.int/cps/en/natohq/declassified_138018.htm NATO Declassified – Lord Carrington (biography)]
*[https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jul/10/peter-carrington-lord-carrington-obituary Lord Carrington obituary | Politics | The Guardian]
*[https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/resources/1508 The Papers of Lord Carrington], held at [[Churchill Archives Centre]], Cambridge

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Carrington, Peter Carington, 6th Baron}}
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