View source for Peter Mansfield

{{Short description|English physicist (1933–2017)}}
{{for|the historian specialising in Arabs and the Middle East|Peter Mansfield (historian)}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox scientist
|honorific_prefix  = [[Sir]]
|name              = Peter Mansfield
|honorific_suffix  = {{postnominals|country=GBR|FRS|size=100%}}
|image             = Peter Mansfield Leipzig.jpg
|image_size        = 180
|caption           = Mansfield in 2006
|birth_date        = {{birth date|df=yes|1933|10|9}}
|birth_place       = [[Lambeth]], [[London]], [[England]]
|death_date        = {{death date and age|df=yes|2017|02|08|1933|10|9}}
|death_place       = [[Nottingham]], England
|nationality       = [[United Kingdom|British]]
|ethnicity         = 
|fields            = 
|workplaces        = {{Plainlist|
* [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]]
* [[University of Nottingham]]}}
|alma_mater        = [[Queen Mary University of London|Queen Mary College, University of London]]
|doctoral_advisor  = Jack Powles
|thesis_title      = Proton magnetic resonance relaxation in solids by transient methods
|thesis_year       = 1962
|thesis_url        = https://books.google.com/books?id=FAwDPwAACAAJ
|academic_advisors = 
|doctoral_students = 
|notable_students  = 
|website           = {{URL|https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2003/mansfield/biographical/|The Nobelprize – Sir Peter Mansfield Biographical}}
|known_for         = [[Magnetic Resonance Imaging]]
|influences        = 
|influenced        = 
|awards            = {{Plainlist|
* [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] (1987)<ref name=frs />
* [[Knight Bachelor]] (1993)
* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (2003)}}
|religion          =
|spouse            = {{marriage|Jean Margaret Kibble|1962}}
|children          = 2
|signature         = <!--(filename only)-->
|footnotes         = 
|parents           = Sidney George Mansfield<br>Lillian Rose Turner
}}
'''Sir Peter Mansfield''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|FRS}}<ref name=frs/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Morris|first=P. G.|date=2021|title=Sir Peter Mansfield. 9 October 1933—8 February 2017|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=70|pages=313–334 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.2020.0031 |s2cid=231775603 |doi-access=free}}</ref> (9 October 1933 – 8 February 2017)<ref>[http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/news/pressreleases/2017/february/tributes-to-professor-sir-peter-mansfield.aspx Tributes to Professor Sir Peter Mansfield] University of Nottingham</ref> was an English [[physicist]] who was awarded the 2003 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]], shared with [[Paul Lauterbur]], for discoveries concerning [[Magnetic Resonance Imaging]] (MRI). Mansfield was a professor at the [[University of Nottingham]].<ref name="nobel_autobiography" /><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0093vfn Peter Mansfield interview ] on [[Desert Island Discs]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/research/groups/spmic/index.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113033117/http://www.magres.nottingham.ac.uk/~mansfield/|url-status=dead|title=Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre – The University of Nottingham|archive-date=13 January 2013|website=www.nottingham.ac.uk|access-date=12 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/2003/press.html|title=Nobel Prize 2003 Press Release|access-date=12 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.patentgenius.com/inventor/MansfieldPeter.html |title=Peter Mansfield US Patents |access-date=23 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414011157/http://www.patentgenius.com/inventor/MansfieldPeter.html |archive-date=14 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Nobelprize|accessdate=2 May 2020|name=Sir Peter Mansfield}} including the Nobel Lecture ''Snap-Shot MRI''</ref>

==Early life==
Mansfield was born in [[Lambeth]], [[London]] on 9 October 1933, to Sidney George (b. 1904, d. 1966) and Lillian Rose Mansfield (b. 1905, d. 1984; née Turner). Mansfield was the youngest of three sons, Conrad (b. 1925) and Sidney (b. 1927).<ref name="nobel_autobiography"/>

Mansfield grew up in [[Camberwell]]. During [[World War II]] he was [[Evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II|evacuated]] from London, initially to [[Sevenoaks]] and then twice to [[Torquay]], Devon, where he was able to stay with the same family on both occasions.<ref name=nobel_autobiography/> On returning to London after the war he was told by a school master to take the [[Eleven plus exam|11+]] exam. Having never heard of the exam before, and having no time to prepare, Mansfield failed to gain a place at the local Grammar school. His mark was, however, high enough for him to go to a Central School in [[Peckham]]. At the age of 15 he was told by a careers teacher that science wasn't for him. He left school shortly afterwards to work as a printer's assistant.

At the age of 18, having developed an interest in rocketry, Mansfield took up a job with the Rocket Propulsion Department of the [[Ministry of Supply]] in [[Westcott, Buckinghamshire]]. Eighteen months later he was called up for [[Conscription in the United Kingdom|National Service]].

==Education==
After serving in the army for two years, Mansfield returned to Westcott and started studying for A-levels at night school. Two years later he was admitted to study physics at [[Queen Mary College, University of London]].

Mansfield graduated with a [[Bachelor of Science|BSc]] from Queen Mary in 1959. His final-year project, supervised by Jack Powles, was to construct a portable, transistor-based spectrometer to measure the [[Earth's field NMR|Earth's magnetic field]]. Towards the end of this project Powles offered Mansfield a position in his NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) research group. Powles' interest was in studying molecular motion, mainly liquids. Mansfield's project was to build a pulsed NMR spectrometer to study solid polymer systems. He received his PhD in 1962; his thesis was titled ''Proton magnetic resonance relaxation in solids by transient methods''.<ref name=phd_thesis />

==Career==
Following his PhD, Mansfield was invited to [[postdoctoral research]] with [[Charles Pence Slichter|Charlie Slichter]] at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]], where he carried out an NMR study of doped metals.

In 1964, Mansfield returned to England to take up a place as a [[lecturer]] at Nottingham University where he could continue his studies in multiple-pulse NMR. He was successively appointed Senior Lecturer in 1968 and Reader in 1970. During this period his team developed the MRI equipment with the help of grants from the [[Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)|Medical Research Council]]. It was not until the 1970s with [[Paul Lauterbur]]'s and Mansfield's developments that NMR could be used to produce images of the body. In 1979 Mansfield was appointed Professor of the Department of Physics until his retirement in 1994.
* 1962: Research Associate, Department of Physics, [[University of Illinois]]
* 1964: Lecturer, Department of Physics, University of Nottingham
* 1968: Senior Lecturer, Department of Physics, University of Nottingham
* 1970: Reader, Department of Physics, University of Nottingham
* 1972–73: Senior Visitor, [[Max Planck Institute for Medical Research]], [[Heidelberg]]
* 1979: Professor, Department of Physics, University of Nottingham

Mansfield is credited with inventing 'slice selection' for MRI - i.e. the method by which a localised axial slice of a subject can be selectively imaged, rather than the entire subject<ref>{{cite web |title=Slice selection |url=https://www.radiologycafe.com/frcr-physics-notes/mr-imaging/slice-selection/ |website=Radiology Cafe |date=28 March 2017 |access-date=15 October 2021}}</ref> - and understanding how the radio signals from MRI can be mathematically analysed, making interpretation of the signals into a useful image a possibility. He is also credited with discovering how fast imaging could be possible by developing the MRI protocol called [[echo-planar imaging]]. Echo-planar imaging allows [[T2*-weighted imaging|T2* weighted images]] to be collected many times faster than previously possible. It also has made [[functional magnetic resonance imaging]] (fMRI) feasible.

Whilst working at Nottingham University, Mansfield tested the first full body prototype, installed just before Christmas, 1978. Mansfield was so keen, that he volunteered to test it himself and produced the first scan of a live patient.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Morris|first=P. G.|date=2021-06-01|title=Sir Peter Mansfield. 9 October 1933—8 February 2017|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=70|pages=313–334|doi=10.1098/rsbm.2020.0031|s2cid=231775603 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The prototype machine is now an exhibit, in the Medical Section of the [[Science Museum, London|Science Museum]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-20|title=Sir Peter Mansfield obituary|url=http://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/feb/20/sir-peter-mansfield-obituary|access-date=2021-11-12|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* 1983 Gold Medal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
* 1984 Joint award of the Royal Society Welcome Foundation Gold Medal and Prize.
* 1986 Elected Fellow of Queen Mary College (now [[Queen Mary University of London]])
* [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1987|1987 Elected Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)]]<ref name=frs/>
* 1987 Elected President of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
* 1988 Awarded [[Duddell Medal and Prize]] by the [[Institute of Physics]]
* 1988 Awarded Silvanus Thompson Medal by the British Institute of Radiology
* 1989 Antoine Béclère Medal from the International Society of Radiology and the Antoine Béclère Institute in Paris
* 1990 [[Royal Society]] [[Mullard Award]] (joint with John Mallard & Jim Hutchinson)
* 1992 International Society of Magnetic Resonance (ISMAR) prize (joint with P. Lauterbur)
* 1993 Knighted
* 1993 Silver Plaque of the European Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology
* 1993 Elected Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Radiology and Honorary Member of the British Institute of Radiology
* 1994 Elected Honorary Member of the Society of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Fellow of the Society of Magnetic Resonance
* 1995 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Prize for MRI
* 1995 Gold Medal of the [[European Congress of Radiology]] and the [[European Society of Radiology|European Association of Radiology]]
* 1997 Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Physics
* 2003 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for Medicine with [[Paul Lauterbur]]
* 2009 was presented with the [[Lifetime Achievement Award]] by the Prime Minister, [[Gordon Brown]], ceremony broadcast on ITV's [[Pride of Britain Awards]]
* 2016 Asteroid [[262972 Petermansfield]], discovered by astronomer [[Vincenzo Silvano Casulli]] in 2007, was named in his honour.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The official {{MoMP|262972|naming citation}} was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on 22 April 2016 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 99893}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />
{{div col end}}

==Private life==
Mansfield married Jean Margaret Kibble (b. 1935) on 1 September 1962.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2003/mansfield/biographical/|title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003|website=NobelPrize.org|access-date=12 August 2019}}</ref> He had two daughters.

Mansfield died in Nottingham on 8 February 2017, aged 83.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-38919614|title=MRI pioneer and Nobel laureate Sir Peter Mansfield dies|work=BBC News |access-date=9 February 2017|date=9 February 2017}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name=frs>{{cite web
  |title=Fellows of the Royal Society
  |publisher=[[Royal Society]]
  |location=London
  |url=https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316060617/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/
  |archive-date=2015-03-16}}</ref>

<ref name="nobel_autobiography">{{Cite web
  |last = Mansfield
  |first = Peter
  |title = Peter Mansfield: Autobiography
  |publisher = Nobel Foundation
  |date = 2003
  |url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2003/mansfield-autobio.html
  |access-date = 19 December 2010}}</ref>

<ref name=phd_thesis>{{Cite thesis
  |degree=PhD
  |title=Proton magnetic resonance relaxation in solids by transient methods
  |url=http://catalogue.library.qmul.ac.uk/uhtbin/cgisirsi/R11LVPDWjG/MAINLIB/219940093/9
  |last=Mansfield
  |first=Peter
  |year=1962
  |publisher=Queen Mary College, University of London
  |url-status=dead
  |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121223174314/http://catalogue.library.qmul.ac.uk/uhtbin/cgisirsi/R11LVPDWjG/MAINLIB/219940093/9
  |archive-date=23 December 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
  |title      = 262972 Petermansfield (2007 ER9)
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=262972
  |access-date = 4 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
  |title      = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
  |access-date = 4 September 2019}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->

{{Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates 2001-2025}}
{{2003 Nobel Prize winners}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mansfield, Peter}}
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Nottingham]]
[[Category:Alumni of Queen Mary University of London]]
[[Category:English biophysicists]]
[[Category:English inventors]]
[[Category:English Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:British Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:English physicists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine]]
[[Category:People from Peckham]]
[[Category:Nuclear magnetic resonance]]
[[Category:People from Camberwell]]