View source for Petrovaradin

{{Infobox settlement
| official_name           = Petrovaradin
| native_name             = {{native name|sr-Cyrl|Петроварадин|italics=off}}
| native_name_lang        = sr
| other_name              = 
| settlement_type         = Town
| image_skyline           = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| perrow = 1/2/3/2/2
| total_width = 260
| align = center
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Petrovaradin Fortress (Péterváradi vár, Peterwardein).JPG
| caption1 = [[Petrovaradin Fortress]]
| image2 = Petrovaradin panorama.jpg
| caption2 = Petrovaradin's Podgrađe
| image3 = Petrovaradin Fortress 8.8.2018 222.jpg
| caption3 = [[City Museum of Novi Sad]]
| image4 = Kula sa satom na Petrovaradinskoj tvrđavi.jpg
| caption4 = Petrovaradin Clock Tower
| image5 = Crkva Sv. Pavla Petrovaradin 028.jpg
| caption5 = Church of St. Paul
| image6 = Crkva sv. Jurja, Petrovaradin 002.jpg
| caption6 = Church of St. George
| image7 = Crkva snežne Gospe.JPG
| caption7 = Our Lady of Snow Ecumenic Church
| image8 = Beogradska kapija, Petrovaradin 002.jpg
| caption8 = Belgrade Gate
| image9 = Vojna bolnica Petrovaradin 014.jpg
| caption9 = Military Hospital
| image10 = Rodna kuća bana Jelačića, Petrovaradin 05.jpg
| caption10 = [[Josip Jelačić]]'s Birth House
}}
| image_flag              = 
| image_shield            = Coat of Arms of Petrovaradin.png
| pushpin_map             = Serbia Novi Sad
| mapsize                 = 
| map_caption             = Location within Novi Sad
| coordinates             = {{coord|45|15|N|19|52|E|region:RS|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Serbia}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Subdivisions of Serbia|Province]]
| subdivision_name1       = {{flag|Vojvodina}}
| subdivision_type2       = [[Districts of Serbia|District]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[South Bačka District|South Bačka]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[City]]
| subdivision_name3       = {{flag|Novi Sad}}
| leader_title            = 
| leader_name             = 
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_blank1_title       = Urban
| area_blank1_km2         = 56.40
| area_blank2_title       = 
| area_blank2_km2         = 
| elevation_m             = 81
| population_footnotes    = <ref name=census>{{Serbian census 2011|page=37}}</ref>
| population_as_of        = 
| population_blank1_title = Urban
| population_blank1       = 14810
| population_blank2_title = Municipality
| population_blank2       = 33,865
| timezone                = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset              = +1
| timezone_DST            = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST          = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal codes in Serbia|Postal code]]
| postal_code             = 21131
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in Serbia|Area code]]
| area_code               = +381 21
| registration_plate      = [[Vehicle registration plates of Serbia|ns]]
| website                 = 
}}

'''Petrovaradin''' ({{lang-sr-Cyrl|Петроварадин}}, {{IPA|sh|petroʋarǎdiːn|pron}}) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of [[Novi Sad]]. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants.<ref name=census/> Lying on the right bank of the [[Danube]], across the main part of Novi Sad, it is built around the [[Petrovaradin Fortress]], the historical anchor of the modern city.

==Name==
Petrovaradin was founded by the Celts, but its original name is unknown. During [[Roman Empire|Roman]] administration it was known as ''Cusum''. After the Romans conquered the region from the Celtic tribe of [[Scordisci]], they built the Cusum fortress where present [[Petrovaradin Fortress]] now stands. In addition, the town received its name from the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]], who called it ''Petrikon or Petrikov (Πετρικον)'' and who presumably named it after [[Saint Peter]].

In documents from 1237, the town was first mentioned under the name ''Peturwarod'' (''Pétervárad''), which was named after Hungarian lord [[Peter, son of Töre]]. Petrovaradin was known under the name ''Pétervárad'' during Hungarian administration, ''Varadin'' or ''Petervaradin'' during [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] administration, and ''Peterwardein'' during [[Habsburg]] administration.

Today, the municipality is known in [[Serbian language|Serbian]] as ''Петроварадин'', in [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] as ''Pétervárad'', and in [[German language|German]] as ''Peterwardein''.

==Geography==
Petrovaradin is located in the [[Syrmia]] region, on the [[Danube]] river and [[Fruška Gora]], a [[Horst (geology)|horst]] mountain with elevation of 78–220 m (municipality up to 451 m). The northern part of Fruška Gora consists of massive [[landslide]] zones, but they are not active, except in [[Ribnjak, Novi Sad|Ribnjak]] neighborhood (between [[Sremska Kamenica]] and [[Petrovaradin fortress]]).

==History==
Human settlement in the territory of present-day Petrovaradin has been traced as far back as the [[Stone Age]] (about 4500 BC). This region was conquered by [[Celts]] (in the 4th century BC) and [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] (in the 1st century BC).

The Celts founded the first fortress at this location. It was part of the tribal state of the [[Scordisci]], which had its capital in [[Singidunum]] (present-day [[Belgrade]]). During the Roman administration, a larger fortress was built (in the 1st century) with the name ''Cusum'' and was included into Roman [[Pannonia]]. Subsequently, the fortress was included into the [[Pannonia Inferior]] and the [[Pannonia Secunda]]. In the 5th century, Cusum was devastated by the invasion of the [[Huns]].

The town was then conquered by [[Ostrogoths]], [[Gepids]], and [[Lombards]]. By the end of the 5th century, [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]] had reconstructed the town and called it by the names ''Cusum'' and ''Petrikon'' or ''Petrikov''. It was part of the Byzantine province of [[Pannonia, Byzantine Empire|Pannonia]]. Subsequently, it passed into the hands of [[Pannonian Avars|Avars]], [[Franks]], [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarians]] and Byzantines again. During Bulgarian administration, the town was known as ''Petrik'' and was part of the domain of duke [[Sermon (ruler)|Sermon]], while during subsequent Byzantine administration, it was part of the [[Theme of Sirmium]].

Later, the town became part of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]].

Between 1522 and 1526, Petrovaradin was a base for the early [[Šajkaška|Ŝajkaš]] regiments, but in 1526, the [[Ottoman Empire]] took Petrovaradin after a two-week battle waged against the combined forces of Croats, Serbs and Hungarians.

In the war of 1683–1699 with the [[Habsburg monarchy]], the Ottomans abandoned Petrovaradin. In 1690, they returned for just two years. After that, Petrovaradin remained under [[Habsburg]] control as a part of the [[Slavonian Military Frontier]].

In 1695, a military force of Serbs—600 infantry and 200 cavalry—under Captain Pane Božić were brought to Petrovaradin to serve. One thousand Serbs worked on the construction of the Citadel and fortifications under the guidance of [[military engineer]] [[Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban]].

During Hungarian administration, the town was firstly part of the Bolgyán County and then part of the [[Syrmia County]], while during Ottoman administration, it was firstly part of the vassal duchy of [[Syrmia]] ruled by [[Serbs|Serb]] duke [[Radoslav Čelnik]] (1527–1530), and then part of the [[Sanjak of Syrmia]].

During the Ottoman administration, Petrovaradin had 200 houses and three mosques. There was also a [[Christians|Christian]] quarter with 35 houses populated with [[Croats]].
[[File:P%C3%A9terv%C3%A1radi csata-1716.jpg|thumb|left|160px|[[Battle of Petrovaradin]] 1716.]]

Petrovaradin was the site of a notable [[Battle of Petrovaradin|battle on August 5, 1716]] in which the Habsburg monarchy led by the [[Prince Eugene of Savoy]] defeated the forces of the Ottomans led by the [[Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha]]. Habsburg forces led by Prince Eugene later defeated the Ottomans at [[Belgrade]] before the Ottomans sued for peace at [[Požarevac]].

During the Habsburg administration, Petrovaradin was part of the Habsburg [[Military Frontier]] (Slavonian general command - Petrovaradin regiment). In 1848–49, the town was part of [[Serbian Vojvodina]], but in 1849, it was returned under the administration of the Military Frontier. With the abolishment of the Military Frontier in 1881, the town was included into the [[Syrmia County]] of [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia|Croatia-Slavonia]], which was the autonomous kingdom within [[Austria-Hungary]].
[[File:Petrovaradin after 1830.jpg|thumb|left|160px|[[Petrovaradin fortress]] 1830.]]

[[File:Petrovaradin Podgrađe - 1920s.jpg|thumb|160px|Petrovaradin Podgrađe, 1920s.]]
In 1918, the town firstly became part of the [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]], then part of the [[Kingdom of Serbia]] and finally part of the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] (later known as [[Yugoslavia]]). Between 1918 and 1922, the town was part of the Syrmia County, between 1922 and 1929 part of the Syrmia Oblast, and between 1929 and 1941 part of the [[Danube Banovina]], a province of the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]. From 1918 to 1936, [[Yugoslav Royal Air Force]] was based in Petrovaradin. During World War II (1941–1944), the town was occupied by the Axis Powers and it was attached to the [[Independent State of Croatia]]. Since the end of the war in this part of Yugoslavia in 1944, the town was part of the Autonomous Province of [[Vojvodina]], which from 1945 was part of the new socialist [[Serbia]] within socialist [[Yugoslavia]].

==Settlements and neighborhoods==
[[File:Novi sad quarters.png|thumb|right|200px|Map of the urban area of Novi Sad with city neighborhoods, showing the location of Petrovaradin in light red]]
[[Image:CityNoviSad-map01.PNG|right|thumb|200px|City of [[Novi Sad]]:
{{legend|#C9FFE5|City Municipality of Petrovaradin}}
{{legend|#E0E0FF|[[City Municipality of Novi Sad]]}}]]
Neighborhoods and parts of Petrovaradin are: [[Petrovaradin Fortress]], [[Podgrađe Tvrđave]] (which is a fortified part of Petrovaradin and part of [[Petrovaradin Fortress]] complex), [[Stari Majur]] (which is part of Petrovaradin where offices of Petrovaradin local community are located), [[Novi Majur]], [[Bukovački Plato]] (Bukovački Put), [[Sadovi]], [[Široka Dolina]], [[Širine]], [[Vezirac]], [[Trandžament]], [[Ribnjak, Novi Sad|Ribnjak]], [[Mišeluk]], [[Alibegovac]], [[Industrial zones of Novi Sad|Radna Zona Istok]], [[Industrial zones of Novi Sad|Marija Snežna]] (Radna Zona Istok), and [[Petrovaradinska Ada]] (Ribarska Ada).

Between 2002 and 2019, Petrovaradin had a status of separate municipality within the city of Novi Sad, but its administrative bodies were never established and the status was mostly formal. Apart from the town, the municipality covered the area on the right Danube bank: town of [[Sremska Kamenica]]; and villages of [[Stari Ledinci]], [[Novi Ledinci]] and [[Bukovac, Novi Sad|Bukovac]], with some 34,000 residents in total. The municipality status was terminated by a City Assembly decision in 2019.<ref name=census/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.021.rs/story/Novi-Sad/Vesti/203691/Novi-Sad-ukida-gradske-opstine-gradjani-ce-moci-vise-da-ucestvuju-u-donosenju-odluka.html |title=Skupština menja Statut grada, ukidaju se opštine Petrovaradin i Novi Sad |publisher=021.rs |date=2019-03-25 |access-date=2021-01-20 |language=Serbian}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{Update|type=section|date=January 2012}}
[[File:Novi Sad, Petrovaradin, pohled na jih.jpg|thumb|200px|Stari Majur neighborhood]]

In 1961 Petrovaradin had 8,408 inhabitants; in 1971 10,477; in 1981 10,338; in 1991 11,285; and in 2002 13,973. By city's registry estimation, from mid-2005, Petrovaradin town had 15,266 inhabitants.<ref>City's police registry data{{citation needed|date=November 2010}}</ref>

===Ethnic groups===
;Municipality
According to the 2011 [[census]], the total population of the territory of present-day Petrovaradin municipality was 33,865, of whom 27,328 (80.69%) were ethnic [[Serbs]]. All settlements in the municipality have an ethnic Serb majority.

;Town
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Ethnic group
!1991
!align="right"|%
!2002
!align="right"|%
|----
|align="center"|[[Serbs]]
|align="right"|5,643
|align="right"|50%
|align="right"|9,708
|align="right"|69.48%
|----
|align="center"|[[Croats]]
|align="right"|2,236
|align="right"|19.81%
|align="right"|1,364
|align="right"|9.76%
|----
|align="center"|[[Yugoslavs]]
|align="right"|1,893
|align="right"|16.78%
|align="right"|779
|align="right"|5.58%
|----
|align="center"|[[Hungarians]]
|align="right"|431
|align="right"|3.82%
|align="right"|396
|align="right"|2.83%
|----
|align="center"|[[Montenegrins (ethnic group)|Montenegrins]]
|align="right"|250
|align="right"|2.22%
|align="right"|228
|align="right"|1.63%
|----
|align="center"|[[Pannonian Rusyns|Ruthenians]]
|align="right"|148
|align="right"|1.31%
|align="right"|141
|align="right"|1.01%
|----
|align="center"|Other
|align="right"|653
|align="right"|5.79%
|align="right"|1,357
|align="right"|9.71%
|----
|align="center"|Total
|align="right"|11,285
|align="right"|-
|align="right"|13,973
|align="right"|-
|}

During the Ottoman administration, Petrovaradin was mostly populated by Muslims, while some Serbs lived there as well in the Christian quarter. According to Habsburg census from 1720, inhabitants of Petrovaradin mostly had German and Serbo-Croatian names and surnames.<ref>Ivan Jakšić, Iz popisa stanovništva Ugarske početkom XVIII veka, Novi Sad, 1966, pages 309-310.</ref> During the subsequent period of the Habsburg administration and in the first part of the 20th century, the largest ethnic group in the Petrovaradin town were ethnic Croats. According to the 1910 census the town had 5,527 residents, of which 3,266 spoke Croatian (59.09%), 894 German (16.18%), 730 Serbian (13.21%), 521 Hungarian (9.43%) and 159 Slovak (2.88%).<ref>[http://mek.oszk.hu/06700/06758/pdf/revai15.pdf Pétervárad]. ''Révai nagy lexikona, vol. 15.'' p. 387. Hungarian Electronic Library. (in Hungarian).</ref> Since 1971 census, largest ethnic group in Petrovaradin are Serbs. Today, there are a couple of neighborhoods with sizable number of Croats in Petrovaradin, like [[Stari Majur]] and [[Podgrađe Tvrđave]].

==Economy==
The following table gives a preview of total number of employed people per their core activity (as of 2017):<ref name="stats18">{{cite web|script-title=sr:ОПШТИНЕ И РЕГИОНИ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ, 2018.|url=http://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2018/Pdf/G201813045.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=[[Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia]]|access-date=17 March 2019|language=sr}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|- 
! Activity
! Total
|- 
|Agriculture, forestry and fishing||align="right"|163
|- 
|Mining||align="right"|12
|- 
|Processing industry||align="right"|1,081
|- 
|Distribution of power, gas and water||align="right"|114
|- 
|Distribution of water and water waste management||align="right"|610
|- 
|Construction||align="right"|373
|- 
|Wholesale and retail, repair||align="right"|1,206
|- 
|Traffic, storage and communication ||align="right"|333
|- 
|Hotels and restaurants||align="right"|198
|- 
|Media and telecommunications||align="right"|115
|- 
|Finance and insurance||align="right"|15
|- 
|Property stock and charter||align="right"|3
|-
|Professional, scientific, innovative and technical activities||align="right"|280
|- 
|Administrative and other services||align="right"|86
|- 
|Administration and social assurance||align="right"|174
|- 
|Education||align="right"|384
|- 
|Healthcare and social work ||align="right"|2,252
|- 
|Art, leisure and recreation||align="right"|181
|- 
|Other services||align="right"|117
|- class="sortbottom"
|'''Total'''||align="right"|'''7,687'''
|}

==Politics==
{{See also|Politics of Novi Sad}}

Between 1980 and 1989, Petrovaradin was a municipality within the city of Novi Sad. From 1989 to 2002, Novi Sad's municipalities were abolished and territory of the former Petrovaradin municipality was part of ''Novi Sad municipality'', which included the whole territory of the present-day City of Novi Sad. The city municipalities of Novi Sad were formally re-established in 2002, with Petrovaradin as the second one, since it was a requirement to obtain a city status at the time. In 2007, after the update of the law of local government, the requirement for multiple municipalities for city status was lifted (and 20 additional [[cities of Serbia|cities]] were proclaimed).<ref name="zakon">[http://www.parlament.gov.rs/content/cir/akta/akta_detalji.asp?Id=466&t=Z# Law on Territorial Organization and Local Self-Government] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513114716/http://www.parlament.gov.rs/content/cir/akta/akta_detalji.asp?Id=466&t=Z |date=2011-05-13 }}, Parliament of Serbia {{in lang|sr}}</ref> However, the renewed 2008 city statute also foresaw formation of two separate municipalities, but they have never been established, and the whole city was run solely by the city administration.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rtv.rs/sr_lat/vojvodina/novi-sad/petrovaradin---opstina-koje-nema_124243.html|title=Petrovaradin - opština koje nema|publisher=Radio Television of Vojvodina|date=2009-04-27|language=sr}}</ref> Petrovaradin only has a local community office. In March 2019, a new city statute was adopted, abolishing any separate municipalities.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.danas.rs/politika/skupstina-novog-sada-izglasala-novi-statut-ukinute-opstine-petrovaradin-i-novi-sad/ |title=Skupština Novog Sada izglasala novi Statut, ukinute opštine Petrovaradin i Novi Sad |trans-title=The Assembly of Novi Sad voted on the new Statute, the municipalities of Petrovaradin and Novi Sad were abolished |date=2019-03-25 |publisher=[[Danas (newspaper)|Danas]]}}</ref>
{{clear}}

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Martin Garrix, Dance Arena, 2015.jpg|Petrovaradin fortress during EXIT festival
File:Atmosphere_at_Petrovaradin_fortress,_Exit_2011.jpg|Petrovaradin Fortress at night
File:Ljubav_na_Perovaradinu.jpg|Petrovaradin 
File:%C5%BDelezni%C4%8Dka_stanica_Petrovaradin_-_prednja_strana.JPG|Petrovaradin railway station
File:Ribnjak_NS.JPG|Ribnjak
File:Tekije_snezna_marija.JPG|The Our Lady of Snow Ecumenic Church
File:Molinarijev_park,_Petrovaradin_(3).JPG|Molinari park
File:Petrovaradin_orthodox_church.jpg|Serbian Orthodox Church of Saint Paul in Petrovaradin
File:Crkva Svete Petke u Petrovaradinu, jun 2012.JPG|Serbian Orthodox Church of Saint Petka in Petrovaradin
File:City museum in Petrovaradin.jpg|City museum in Petrovaradin
File:Reconstructed facades in Petrovaradin.jpg|Petrovaradin, Downtown part of the Citadel
File:Rodna kuća bana Jelačića, Petrovaradin 05.jpg|The birthplace of Ban [[Josip Jelačić]]
</gallery>

==Notable people==
* [[Anton Hasenhut]] (1766–1841), Austrian comic actor
* [[Josip Jelačić]] (1801–1859), [[Croatian ban]] and army general, born in Petrovaradin.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Jellachich, Josef, Count | volume= 15 |last= Bain |first= Robert Nisbet |author-link= Robert Nisbet Bain| pages = 314&ndash;315 |short= 1 }}</ref>
* [[Christian von Steeb]], (1848–1921), Austrian surveyor and infantry general
* [[Franjo Štefanović]] (1879–1924), Croatian composer and writer
* [[Margarethe von Flindt]] (1880–after 1902), Austrian theater actress
* Karl Wolff (1890–1963), Austrian lawyer, university lecturer and constitutional judge
* [[Kosta Nađ]], (1911–1986), general in the [[Yugoslav Partisans|Yugoslav]] National Liberation Army

==See also==
* [[List of places in Serbia]]
* [[List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina]]

==Notes and references==
;Notes
* Petrovaradin, Enciklopedija Novog Sada, knjiga 20, Novi Sad, 2002
* Radenko Gajić, Petrovaradinska tvrđava - Gibraltar na Dunavu, Sremski Karlovci, 1993
* mr Agneš Ozer, Petrovaradinska tvrđava - vodič kroz vreme i prostor, Novi Sad, 2002
* mr Agneš Ozer, Petrovaradin Fortress - A Guide through time and space, Novi Sad, 2002
* Veljko Milković, Petrovaradin kroz legendu i stvarnost, Novi Sad, 2001
* Veljko Milković, Petrovaradin i Srem - misterija prošlosti, Novi Sad, 2003
* Veljko Milković, Petrovaradinska tvrđava - podzemlje i nadzemlje, Novi Sad, 2005
* [[Military Heritage]] did a feature about the Muslim Turks versus Christian Nobility 1716 battle and crusade at Peterwardein, and the success of Prince Eugene of Savoy (Ludwig Heinrich Dyck, Military Heritage, August 2005, Volume 7, No. 1, pp 48 to 53, and p.&nbsp;78), ISSN 1524-8666.
* Henderson, Nicholas. ''Prince Eugene of Savoy''. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 1964
* Mckay, Derek. ''Prince Eugene of Savoy''. London: Thames and Hudson. 1977
* Nicolle, David and Hook, Christa. ''The Janissaries''. Botley: Osprey Publishing. 2000
* Setton, Kenneth M. ''Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century''. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. 1991

;References
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Petrovaradin}}
{{EB1911 poster|Peterwardein}}
* [http://www.newdigitalvision.com/novisad/petrovaradinfortress02.html Petrovaradin Fortress 360Virtual Tour]
* [https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=218273375993027510283.000484d76165f9e421e7c&msa=0&ll=45.248788,19.824829&spn=0.061152,0.169086 Novi Sad Interactive Map]

{{Novi Sad}}
{{South Bačka District}}
{{Municipalities of Serbia}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Petrovaradin| ]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Danube]]
[[Category:Populated places in South Bačka District]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Novi Sad]]
[[Category:Roman towns and cities in Serbia]]
[[Category:Populated places in Syrmia]]
[[Category:Novi Sad neighborhoods]]
[[Category:Towns in Serbia]]