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{{Short description|Capital city of Republic of Karelia, Russia}}
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
| en_name                 = Petrozavodsk
| ru_name                 = Петрозаводск
| loc_name1               = Petroskoi
| loc_lang1               = Karelian
| loc_name2               = 
| loc_lang2               = 
| loc_name3               = 
| loc_lang3               = 
| loc_name4               = 
| loc_lang4               = 
| other_name              = 
| other_lang              = 
| image_skyline           = Petrozavodsk Collage 2020.png
| image_caption           =  Petrozavodsk Bay, National Library of Karelia, Music Theater, Monument to Peter I, Church of Exaltation of Holy Cross on Zaretskoe Cemetery, Roundabout on the embankment of Lake Onega, Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Main post office, Railway station
| image_map               = 
| map_caption             = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|61|47|N|34|20|E|display=inline,title}}
| image_flag              = Flag of Petrozavodsk (Karelia).svg
| flag_caption            = Flag
| image_coa               = Petrozavodsk Greater Coat of Arms.svg
| coa_caption             = Coat of arms
| anthem                  = 
| anthem_ref              = 
| holiday                 = Last Saturday of June
| holiday_ref             = 
<!-- administrative status -->
| federal_subject         = [[Republic of Karelia]]
| federal_subject_ref     = <ref name="Constitution" />
| adm_district_jur        = 
| adm_district_jur_ref    = 
| adm_inhabloc_jur        = [[city of federal subject significance|city of republic significance]] of Petrozavodsk
| adm_inhabloc_jur_ref    = <ref name="Ref62" />
| adm_citydistrict_jur    = 
| adm_citydistrict_type   = 
| adm_citydistrict_jur_ref = 
| adm_selsoviet_jur       = 
| adm_selsoviet_type      = 
| adm_selsoviet_jur_ref   = 
| capital_of              = Republic of Karelia
| capital_of_ref          = <ref name="Ref62" />
| adm_ctr_of1             = city of republic significance of Petrozavodsk
| adm_ctr_of1_ref         = <ref name="Ref62" />
| adm_ctr_of2             = [[Prionezhsky District]]
| adm_ctr_of2_ref         = <ref name="Ref62" />
| adm_ctr_of3             = 
| adm_ctr_of3_ref         = 
| inhabloc_cat            = City
| inhabloc_cat_ref        = <ref name="Ref62" />
| inhabloc_type           = 
| inhabloc_type_ref       = 
<!-- municipal status -->
| mun_district_jur        = 
| mun_district_jur_ref    = 
| urban_okrug_jur         = Petrozavodsky Urban Okrug
| urban_okrug_jur_ref     = <ref name="Ref737" />
| urban_settlement_jur    = 
| urban_settlement_jur_ref = 
| rural_settlement_jur    = 
| rural_settlement_jur_ref = 
| inter_settlement_territory = 
| inter_settlement_territory_ref = 
| mun_admctr_of1          = Petrozavodsky Urban Okrug
| mun_admctr_of1_ref      = <ref name="Ref737" />
| mun_admctr_of2          = Prionezhsky Municipal District
| mun_admctr_of2_ref      = <ref name="Ref738">Law #825-ZRK</ref>
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_title_ref        = 
| leader_name             = Inna Kolykhmatova
| leader_name_ref         = <ref>[https://adm.gov.karelia.ru/news/12-05-2021-glavoy-petrozavodskogo-gorodskogo-okruga-izbran-vladimir-lyubarskiy/ Vladimir Lyubarsky]</ref>
| representative_body     = [[Petrozavodsk City Council|City Council]]
| representative_body_ref = 
<!-- statistics -->
| elevation_m             = 
| area_km2                = 135
| area_km2_ref            = <ref name="Area">{{Cite web|url=http://www.petrozavodsk-mo.ru/petrozavodsk/gorod/info/spravka.htm|script-title=ru:Петрозаводск. Официальный сайт|access-date=June 27, 2014|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726205609/http://www.petrozavodsk-mo.ru/petrozavodsk/gorod/info/spravka.htm|archive-date=July 26, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
| pop_2010census          = 261987
| pop_2010census_rank     = 71st
| pop_2010census_ref      = <ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>
| pop_latest              = 
| pop_latest_date         = 
| pop_latest_ref          = 
| population_demonym      = 
| time_zone_ref           = 
<!-- history -->
| established_date        = 1703
| established_title       = 
| established_date_ref    = 
| current_cat_date        = March&nbsp;21, 1777
| current_cat_date_ref    = 
| abolished_date          = 
| abolished_date_ref      = 
<!-- misc -->
| postal_codes            = 185000–185003, 185005, 185007, 185009–185016, 185019, 185023, 185026, 185028, 185030–185035, 185700, 185890, 185899, 185910, 185960–185963, 185965, 185970, 185980–185983, 185985
| postal_codes_ref        = 
| dialing_codes           = 8142
| dialing_codes_ref       = 
| website                 = http://www.petrozavodsk-mo.ru/
| pushpin_map=Russia Karelia#European Russia#Russia#Europe|pushpin_map_caption=Location of Petrozavodsk
}}

'''Petrozavodsk''' ({{langx|ru|Петрозаводск}}, {{IPA|ru|pʲɪtrəzɐˈvotsk|IPA}}; [[Karelian language|Karelian]], [[Veps language|Veps]] and {{langx|fi|Petroskoi}};<ref name="kotus-eks">{{Cite web |title=Petroskoi |url=https://kaino.kotus.fi/eksonyymit/?a=tietue&id=2003&ex=Petroskoi |access-date=2025-09-04 |website=Eksonyymit – suomenkielisten ulkomaiden paikannimien oikeinkirjoitusopas |publisher=Institute for the Languages of Finland (Kotus) |language=fi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=Zakharova, E. V. |url=http://resources.krc.karelia.ru/illh/doc/knigi_stati/spisok_naselennykh_punktov.pdf |title=Республика Карелия : список официальных названий населённых пунктов на русском языке и местных названий на карельском, вепсском и финском языках |date=2020 |publisher=Периодика |isbn=978-5-88170-374-5 |location=Petrozavodsk |page=9 |language=ru |trans-title=Republic of Karelia: list of official settlement names in Russian and local names in Karelian, Veps and Finnish |type=digital version |access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref> {{langx|lud|Petrouskoi}})<ref>{{Cite book|title=Lüüdi-venän, venä-lüüdin sanakird' – Людиковско-русский и русско-людиковский словарь|trans-title=Ludic–Russian and Russian–Ludic dictionary|page=203|type=digital version|author=Pahomov, Miikul|date=2022|publisher=Lüüdilaine Siebr|location=Helsinki|isbn=978-952-99579-8-9|url=https://www.karjalansivistysseura.fi/hallinta/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Luudi-venan-vena-luudin-sanakird.pdf|access-date=2025-09-04|language=ru}}</ref> is the [[capital city]] of the [[Republic of Karelia]], [[Russia]], which stretches along the western shore of [[Lake Onega]] for some {{convert|27|km|sp=us}}. The population of the city is 280,890 as of 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2022 |title=ЧИСЛЕННОСТЬ ПОСТОЯННОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ПО МУНИЦИПАЛЬНЫМ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯМ на 1 января 2022 года |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/chisl_%D0%9C%D0%9E_Site_01-01-2022.xlsx |access-date=13 September 2022 |website=Федеральная служба государственной статистики |archive-date=June 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611194857/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/chisl_%D0%9C%D0%9E_Site_01-01-2022.xlsx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The name of the city is a combination of words Peter ([[Peter the Great]]) and ''zavod'' (meaning factory).

It was previously known as ''Shuysky Zavod'' (1703–1704) and ''Petrovskaya Sloboda'' (1704–1777), which was the first name of the city related to Peter the Great. It was renamed to Petrozavodsk after [[Catherine the Great]] granted the settlement the status of a city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Petrozavodsk city, Russia |url=https://russiatrek.org/petrozavodsk-city |access-date=13 September 2022 |website=RussiaTrek}}</ref>

It was unofficially planned in the 1930s to rename the city to ''Gyllinggrad'', ({{lit|Gylling's city}}) in honor of the long-time leader of the [[Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Karelian ASSR]], [[Edvard Gylling]]. However, Gylling quickly became unpopular amongst Soviet authorities during the same decade and ended up being executed as part of the [[Great Purge]], leading to the city never being renamed. Petrozavodsk is sometimes referred to as ''Kalininsk'', after [[Mikhail Kalinin]], in some older Soviet-era maps, regardless of the city never officially having such a name.

An ancient Swedish name was ''Onegaborg'', known from a map from 1592 of the Flemish [[cartographer]] [[Abraham Ortelius]], and hence translated to Finnish as ''Äänislinna'', a name used during the [[Finnish military administration in Eastern Karelia|occupation of Eastern Karelia by Finnish forces]] during the [[Continuation War]] (1941–1944) in the context of [[World War II]].

==History==
[[File:Petrozavodskchurch.jpg|thumb|left|A church in Petrozavodsk, as photographed ca. 1912 by [[Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky]]]]
Archeological discoveries in the urban area indicate the presence of a settlement as far back as seven thousand years ago, and during the [[Middle Ages]] the site of modern city was marked by several [[Lake Onega|lakeside]] villages.  Within the city limits, the district of Solomennoje appears in surviving records dating back to the sixteenth century, and a map produced by the [[Low Countries|Flemish]] [[cartographer]] [[Abraham Ortelius]] at the end of that century places a settlement here called Onegaborg on the site of modern Petrozavodsk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_geo/3842/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA|title=Петрозаводск - это... Что такое Петрозаводск?|website=Словари и энциклопедии на Академике|accessdate=May 18, 2021}}</ref>

On 11 September 1703, [[Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov|Prince Menshikov]] founded the settlement of Petrovskaya Sloboda ("Petrine [[Sloboda (settlement)|Sloboda]]"). He did so at the behest of Tsar [[Peter the Great]], who needed a new iron foundry to manufacture cannons and anchors for the [[Baltic Fleet]] at the time of the [[Great Northern War]] (1700–1721). At first the foundry used the name ''Shuysky zavod'' (literally, "[[factory]] at the [[Shuya River, Karelia|Shuya River]]"), but a decade later it became ''Petrovsky zavod'' ("Petrine factory"), after the name of the reigning monarch.<ref name="GeoEntsy">{{cite web | url = http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_geo/3842/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA| title = Petrozavodsk – Slovar sovremennih geografitšeskih nazvanii 2008 | work = Geografitšeskaja entsiklopedija | access-date = 2021-09-09| language =ru}}</ref> From this form the present name of the city derives.

By 1717, Petrovskaya Sloboda had grown into the largest settlement in [[Karelia]], with about 3,500 inhabitants, a timber fort, a [[Gostiny Dvor|covered market]], and miniature palaces of the Tsar and Menshikov. The town's best-known landmark became the wooden church of [[Saint Peter]] and [[Paul the Apostle|Saint Paul]], which was rebuilt in 1772 and renovated in 1789. The church retained its original [[iconostasis]] until this relic of the Tsar [[Peter the Great]]'s reign was destroyed by fire on October&nbsp;30, 1924.

After Peter's death, Petrovskaya Sloboda became depopulated and the factory declined. It closed down in 1734, although foreign industrialists maintained copper factories in the vicinity.

The industry revived in 1773 when [[Catherine the Great]] established a new iron foundry upstream the Lososinka River. Designed to provide cannons for the ongoing [[Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)|Russo-Turkish Wars]], the foundry was named Alexandrovsky, after [[Alexander Nevsky]], who was considered a patron saint of the region. The factory was modernized and expanded under supervision of [[Charles Gascoigne]] in 1787–96. Local pundits claim that the first [[railway]] in the world (чугунный колесопровод) was inaugurated for industrial uses of the Alexandrovsky foundry in 1788.
[[File:Petrozavodsk 06-2017 img53 Lenin Square.jpg|thumb|Round Square in central Petrozavodsk]]

During Catherine's municipal reform of 1777, Petrovskaya Sloboda was incorporated as a town, whereupon its name was changed to Petrozavodsk. A new [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] city center was then built, focused on the newly planned Round Square. In 1784 Petrozavodsk was large enough to supplant [[Olonets]] as the administrative center of the region. Although [[Emperor Paul]] abolished [[Olonets Governorate]], it was revived as a separate [[guberniya]] in 1801, with Petrozavodsk as its administrative center.

In 1992 a commemorative site was created in the Zaretskoe churchyard for several hundred who had been shot during the [[Great Terror]].<ref>{{cite web | title=PETROZAVODSK &#91;C&#93;** Zaretskoe. Reburial of executed &#91;P&#93; | date=August 12, 2014 | url=https://en.mapofmemory.org/10-01 }}</ref>

During the [[Finnish military administration in Eastern Karelia|Finnish occupation]] in the [[Continuation war ]] (1941–1944), the city was styled as ''Äänislinna'' (or ''Ääneslinna''), rather than the traditional ''Petroskoi''. This name was a literal translation of ''Onegaborg'', the name of a settlement marked on a 16th-century map by [[Abraham Ortelius]] near the present-day city, ''Ääninen'' being the Finnish toponym for Lake Onega. On 14 October 1941, the Finnish authorities opened the first [[East Karelian concentration camps|concentration camp]]. By the recapture of Petrozavodsk there were 11 concentration camps.<ref>Веригин С. Г. Карелия в годы военных испытаний: Политическое и социально-экономическое положение Советской Карелии в период Второй мировой войны 1939—1945 гг. — Петрозаводск: Изд-во ПетрГУ, 2009. — 544 с.</ref>

In 1977, Petrozavodsk was the epicenter of what is called the [[Petrozavodsk phenomenon]].{{Historical populations|1897|13000|1926|25989|1939|69723|1959|135256|1970|184481|1979|234103|1989|269485|2002|266160|2010|261987|2021|234897|type=|footnote=Source: Census data}}

==Administrative and municipal status==
Petrozavodsk is the [[capital city|capital]] of the republic and, within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], it also serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Prionezhsky District]],<ref name="Ref62" /> even though it is not a part of it.<ref name="Constitution">Constitution of the Republic of Karelia</ref> As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the '''city of republic significance of Petrozavodsk'''—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of the Republic of Karelia]].<ref name="Ref62">Law #871-ZRK</ref> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the city of republic significance of Petrozavodsk is incorporated as '''Petrozavodsky Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="Ref737">Law #824-ZRK</ref>

==Politics==
[[File:Lenin Avenue 2, Petrozavodsk.jpg|left|thumb|The administration and the Petrozavodsk council occupy the building at 2 [[:ru:Проспект Ленина (Петрозаводск)|Lenin Prospect]]]]
The [[:ru:Петрозаводский городской совет|Petrozavodsk city council]] is a representative body of the city district, consisting of 28 deputies elected for five years according to a mixed system - 14 by party lists and 14 by single-member constituencies. The current membership was elected in the elections on 19 September 2021. On 7 October 2021, Nadezhda Dreyzis ([[United Russia]]) was elected Chairman of the City Council.

==Landmarks==
[[File:Petrozavodsk 06-2017 img34 University.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Petrozavodsk State University]]]]
Petrozavodsk is distinguished among other towns of North Russia by its [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] architectural heritage, which includes the Round Square (1775, reconstructed in 1789 and 1839) and the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (consecrated in 1832). Among the town's landmarks are the outdoor statues of Peter I (bronze and granite, [[Ippolit Monighetti]], 1873), [[Gavrila Derzhavin]] (a Russian poet who was the governor of Olonets in the 18th century), and [[Alexander Nevsky]] (erected outside Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in 2010).

The city has a fine frontage on the Gulf of Petrozavodsk. The modern embankment, inaugurated in 1994, displays an assortment of Karelian granites and marbles. It is lined with extravagant postmodernist sculptures presented by sister cities of Petrozavodsk from around the world. There is also a birch copse, where the first church of Petrozavodsk was built in 1703.

Petrozavodsk is home to the Karelia Philharmonic Orchestra (1933), the Karelian Musical Theater (1955, statuary by [[Sergey Konenkov]]), National Library of Karelia (1959), Finnish-speaking [[National Theatre of Karelia]] (1965), [[Petrozavodsk State University]], a [[Petrozavodsk State Glazunov Conservatoire|conservatory]], [[National Museum of the Republic of Karelia]] founded in 1871, and a branch of the [[Russian Academy of Sciences]].

One of the city's central landmarks is Lenin Square, an oval space with a large Soviet-era statue of Lenin in the center. The square is especially notable for English-speaking visitors because it is also called "round square" - an oxymoron in English, but not in Russian (''kruglaya ploshad'').

==Suburbs==
[[File:Petrozavodsk 06-2017 img26 aerial view.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Petrozavodsk]]
The village of Shoksha near Petrozavodsk contains a quarry of red and pink quartzite ([[Shoksha quartzite]]) which was used in construction of [[Saint Isaac's Cathedral]] and [[Lenin Mausoleum]], among many other notable structures. There are also other quarries in the region excavating road aggregates (Goloday Gora – gabbro-diabase) near Derevyanka.

The suburb of Martsialnye Vody is the oldest [[destination spa|spa]] in [[Russia]], founded by [[Peter the Great]] in 1714 and visited by the Tsar on four occasions. Its name means "The Waters of Mars" in Russian. Although Peter's palace at Martsialnye Vody has not survived, there is a museum devoted to the spa's history.

From Petrozavodsk Harbor, a [[hydrofoil]] service of "KareliaFlot" company carries people to the island of [[Kizhi]], a [[World Heritage Site]] with an outdoor museum of ancient wooden architecture.

==Transportation==
[[File:Airport Petrozavodsk Besovets 2020.jpg|thumb|[[Petrozavodsk Airport]]]]

=== Automobile ===
The distance to Moscow is 1010 km, St. Petersburg - 412 km, the distance to [[Finland]] along the route of the international highway «[[Blue Highway (tourist route)|Blue Highway]]» does not exceed 350 km. The federal highway {{Jct|E|105|country=RUS}} {{jct|country=RUS|R|21 }} «[[R21 highway (Russia)|Kola]]» (St. Petersburg — Murmansk — Norway) passes through the city. In addition, Petrozavodsk is the beginning of a number of roads of regional significance: {{jct|country=RUS|A|133 }} Petrozavodsk — [[Suoyarvi]] and <!--{{jct|country=RUS|R|19}}-->[[R19 highway (Russia)|R19]] Petrozavodsk — [[Voznesenye]] — [[Oshta|Oshtinsky Pogost]].

=== Railway ===
Petrozavodsk station is a major junction of railway lines (to Saint Petersburg, Murmansk, Sortavala, Kostomuksha).<ref>Города России: Энциклопедия / ''Под редакцией Г. М. Лаппо.'' — М.: Научное издательство «Большая Российская энциклопедия», 2003. — Репр. изд. — 560 с.: ил., карты.</ref>
[[File:Petrozavodsk 06-2017 img36 Railway station.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Petrozavodsk Railway Station]]
Railway transportation is carried out by the [[October Railway|Oktyabrskaya Railway]] (a branch of JSC [[Russian Railways]]). As part of the investment program of JSC «RZD» in 2005, a section of the Idel — Petrozavodsk — Svir railway was electrified.<ref>[http://press.rzd.ru/wps/portal/press?STRUCTURE_ID=654&layer_id=3309&id=38692 ОАО «РЖД»]</ref> Branded train of the Oktyabrskaya Railway № 17/18 «Karelia» (Petrozavodsk—Moscow).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Карелия официально. Фирменный поезд № 17/18 сообщением Петрозаводск — Москва отметил своё двадцатилетие |url=http://www.gov.karelia.ru/gov/News/2005/11/1107_15.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422133118/http://www.gov.karelia.ru/gov/News/2005/11/1107_15.html |archive-date=2018-04-22 |language=ru}}</ref> Other trains of local formation are «Kalevala» (Petrozavodsk — St. Petersburg) and «Petrozavodsk - Kostomuksha». On December 28, 2012, the trial movement of the Petrozavodsk — [[Joensuu]] train began.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-12-29 |title=Первый поезд до Йоэнсуу отправился с вокзала в Петрозаводске |url=http://karelinform.ru/?id=35159 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107084105/http://karelinform.ru/?id=35159 |archive-date=2013-01-07 |website=Карелинформ |language=ru}}</ref>

Suburban rail transportation is carried out by the «North-Western Suburban Passenger Company».<ref>{{Cite web |title=ОАО СЗППК |url=http://www.ppk-piter.ru/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226065144/http://ppk-piter.ru/ |archive-date=2011-02-26 |language=ru}}</ref>

=== Trolleybus ===
{{Main|Trolleybuses in Petrozavodsk}}
The start date of regular trolleybus traffic is September 5, 1961.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Троллейбусное управление Петрозаводска. Официальный сайт. Историческая хронология |url=http://tu-ptz.onego.ru/index.php?action=pages&id=7 |language=ru}}{{deadlink|date=September 2023}}</ref> As of November 2009, 110 trolleybuses were in operation in the city (5 more are under conservation).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Городской Электротранспорт. Совмещённый трамвайно-троллейбусный сайт |url=http://stts.mosfont.ru/articles/643/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120726234448/http://stts.mosfont.ru/articles/643/ |archive-date=July 26, 2012 |url-status=dead|language=ru}}</ref>
[[File:Petrozavodsk(1) Общественный транспорт.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Urban public transport]]
Petrozavodsk trolleybus system has 5 operating routes as of June 2022. The length of the trolleybus contact network in single-track terms is 95.5 kilometers. The fare is 38 rubles (from January 1, 2023).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-04 |title=Стоимость проездных билетов |url=http://ptzgortrans.ru/price |website=ptzgortrans.ru/ |language=ru}}</ref> In 2022, the purchase of new trolleybuses began.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Петрозаводск закупит еще пять новых троллейбусов |url=https://karelinform.ru/news/city/22-06-2022/petrozavodsk-zakupit-esche-pyat-novyh-trolleybusov |website=karelinform.ru |language=ru |access-date=June 4, 2023 |archive-date=June 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622170354/https://karelinform.ru/news/city/22-06-2022/petrozavodsk-zakupit-esche-pyat-novyh-trolleybusov |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Autobus ===
The first car in Petrozavodsk arrived in 1911. A few years later, on May 9, 1915, a shared taxi was opened in Petrozavodsk, with a 5 seater car owned by A.V. Timofeeva shuttling people from Petrozavodsk to Sulazhgora. In April of 1918, Ivan Artemievich Maminov launched the first "bus" in Petrozavodsk, which shuttled people from the railway station to the city centre, breaking the monopoly that cab drivers had previously held.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1920-е г |url=http://home.onego.ru/~sokos/1920.htm |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=home.onego.ru}}</ref> The state bus fleet in Petrozavodsk appeared in 1921, which would later become Convoy No. 1126.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ПЕТРОЗАВОДСКИЙ АВТОБУС {{!}}{{!}} Автобусный парк |url=https://ptzbus.narod.ru/avtopark.html |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=ptzbus.narod.ru}}</ref> As of 2025, the bus system links the neighborhoods of Sulazhgora, Drevlyanka, and Kukkovka to the city center.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Автобус 19, Петрозаводск: маршрут и остановки — 2ГИС |url=https://2gis.ru/petrozavodsk/route/11259604658814992 |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=2gis.ru |language=ru}}</ref>

===Airport===
{{main|Petrozavodsk Airport}}

== Geography ==

=== Climate ===
Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], Petrozavodsk experiences a [[humid continental climate]] (''Dfb'') bordering on a [[subarctic climate]] (''Dfc'') and unlike other localities in Russia on its latitude, temperatures are relatively mild for the latitude. This is due to the influence of the milder oceanic and maritime air masses reaching the city from the [[Atlantic Ocean]] and the [[Baltic Sea]], especially in winter and the moderating effect of the nearby lakes. The alternation of milder and colder air masses causes rapid changes in temperatures, especially during the cool half of the year.  Winters, though long and cold, are mild for the high latitude, while summers are short and warm. The city experiences an average of 161 frost days  per year, which is still less than places further east at the same latitude. The lake influence is stronger in summer, where Petrozavodsk has quite low [[diurnal temperature variation]] with mild nights for its latitude. Summer is moderately warm, autumn starts with clear but usually cool weather in the first half of September. Precipitation averages {{convert|611|mm|2|disp=or}} annually.

{{Weather box
| location = Petrozavodsk (1991–2020, extremes 1816–present)
| width = auto
| metric first = y
| single line = y
| Jan record high C = 5.5
| Feb record high C = 7.3
| Mar record high C = 15.5
| Apr record high C = 24.2
| May record high C = 33.0
| Jun record high C = 34.3
| Jul record high C = 33.9
| Aug record high C = 32.4
| Sep record high C = 28.5
| Oct record high C = 21.3
| Nov record high C = 11.1
| Dec record high C = 9.4
| year record high C = 33.9
| Jan high C = -5.7
| Feb high C = -5.2
| Mar high C = 0.0
| Apr high C = 6.7
| May high C = 13.8
| Jun high C = 18.8
| Jul high C = 21.5
| Aug high C = 19.3
| Sep high C = 13.6
| Oct high C = 6.4
| Nov high C = 0.2
| Dec high C = -3.3
| year high C = 7.2
| Jan mean C = -8.4
| Feb mean C = -8.2
| Mar mean C = -3.5
| Apr mean C = 2.5
| May mean C = 8.9
| Jun mean C = 14.1
| Jul mean C = 17.1
| Aug mean C = 15.0
| Sep mean C = 10.0
| Oct mean C = 3.8
| Nov mean C = -1.9
| Dec mean C = -5.6
| year mean C = 3.7
| Jan low C = -11.4
| Feb low C = -11.4
| Mar low C = -6.9
| Apr low C = -1.3
| May low C = 4.1
| Jun low C = 9.4
| Jul low C = 12.7
| Aug low C = 11.1
| Sep low C = 6.8
| Oct low C = 1.5
| Nov low C = -4.1
| Dec low C = -8.1
| year low C = 0.2
| Jan record low C = -41.6
| Feb record low C = -39.3
| Mar record low C = -30.0
| Apr record low C = -19.3
| May record low C = -9.8
| Jun record low C = -2.6
| Jul record low C = -0.1
| Aug record low C = -1.7
| Sep record low C = -5.0
| Oct record low C = -13.4
| Nov record low C = -27.5
| Dec record low C = -36.8
| year record low C = -41.6
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 38
| Feb precipitation mm = 29
| Mar precipitation mm = 31
| Apr precipitation mm = 32
| May precipitation mm = 48
| Jun precipitation mm = 61
| Jul precipitation mm = 82
| Aug precipitation mm = 81
| Sep precipitation mm = 59
| Oct precipitation mm = 56
| Nov precipitation mm = 51
| Dec precipitation mm = 44
| year precipitation mm = 612
| Jan snow depth cm = 16
| Feb snow depth cm = 21
| Mar snow depth cm = 22
| Apr snow depth cm = 5
| May snow depth cm = 0
| Jun snow depth cm = 0
| Jul snow depth cm = 0
| Aug snow depth cm = 0
| Sep snow depth cm = 0
| Oct snow depth cm = 0
| Nov snow depth cm = 5
| Dec snow depth cm = 11
| year snow depth cm = 22
| Jan rain days = 4
| Feb rain days = 3
| Mar rain days = 6
| Apr rain days = 11
| May rain days = 16
| Jun rain days = 18
| Jul rain days = 18
| Aug rain days = 18
| Sep rain days = 20
| Oct rain days = 19
| Nov rain days = 11
| Dec rain days = 6
| year rain days = 150
| Jan snow days = 26
| Feb snow days = 24
| Mar snow days = 20
| Apr snow days = 10
| May snow days = 4
| Jun snow days = 0.3
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 1
| Oct snow days = 8
| Nov snow days = 20
| Dec snow days = 27
| year snow days = 140
| Jan humidity = 87
| Feb humidity = 85
| Mar humidity = 80
| Apr humidity = 70
| May humidity = 66
| Jun humidity = 71
| Jul humidity = 75
| Aug humidity = 80
| Sep humidity = 84
| Oct humidity = 86
| Nov humidity = 89
| Dec humidity = 89
| year humidity = 80
| Jan sun = 18.2
| Feb sun = 53.5
| Mar sun = 135.5
| Apr sun = 192.4
| May sun = 271.5
| Jun sun = 285.1
| Jul sun = 286.9
| Aug sun = 226.2
| Sep sun = 131.8
| Oct sun = 59.7
| Nov sun = 18.1
| Dec sun = 5.2
| year sun = 
| source 1 = Погода и Климат<ref name="Pogoda i Klimat">{{cite web |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/22820.htm|title= Climate Petrozavodsk|access-date=13 November 2021|publisher=Pogoda.ru.net}}</ref>
| source 2 = [[NOAA]]<ref name="NOAA">{{cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/RussianFederation/CSV/Petrozavodsk_22820.csv|title= Petrozavodsk 1991–2020|access-date=13 November 2021|publisher=NOAA}}</ref>
| source = 
}}

==Notable people==
*[[Vladimir Drachev]], biathlete
*[[Denis Zubko]], association football player
*[[Sergey Katanandov]], Head of the Republic of Karelia in 2002–2010
*[[Anastasia Maksimova]], Rhythmic Gymnnast
*[[Timur Dibirov]], handball player
*[[Irina Sidorkova]], racing driver

==Twin towns – sister cities==
[[File:40-th Regatta Onego-2011.JPG|thumb|Yachting in Petrozavodsk]]
[[File:Petrozavodsk 06-2017 img18 Music Theatre.jpg|thumb|Petrozavodsk Music Theater building]]
[[File:ФестивальВоздух.jpg|thumb|Music festival in Petrozavodsk]]
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}

Petrozavodsk is [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web|title=Города-побратимы|url=http://www.petrozavodsk-mo.ru/petrozavodsk_new/city/relations/cities/goroda.htm|website=petrozavodsk-mo.ru|publisher=Petrozavodsk|language=ru|access-date=2020-02-03|archive-date=February 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203112616/http://www.petrozavodsk-mo.ru/petrozavodsk_new/city/relations/cities/goroda.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
*{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Alytus]], Lithuania
*{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]], Belarus
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth]], United States
*{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Joensuu]], Finland
*{{flagicon|EST}} [[Narva]], Estonia
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Neubrandenburg]], Germany
*{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Rana Municipality|Rana]], Norway
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[La Rochelle]], France
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Tübingen]], Germany
*{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Umeå Municipality|Umeå]], Sweden
*{{flagicon|ARM}} [[Vagharshapat]], Armenia<ref>[https://ejmiatsin.am/relation-detail/1/ Official Website of the Municipality of Ejmiatsin]</ref>
*{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Varkaus]], Finland
{{div col end}}

==In popular culture==
In the American television series [[The Sopranos]], [[Tony Soprano]]'s mistress, Irina Peltsin, is from Petrozavodsk.

The Finnish movie ''[[The Unknown Soldier (2017 film)|The Unknown Soldier]]'' depicts the Finnish army capturing and looting the city.

==See also==
* [[Karl Marx Avenue (Petrozavodsk, Karelia)|Karl Marx Avenue]]
* [[Saint Petersburg]]
* [[Sortavala]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaBasicLawRef|kr}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|kr|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|kr|mun|uolist}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|kr|mun|mdlist}}

==External links==
{{wiktionary|Петрозаводск|Petroskoi}}
{{wikivoyage|Petrozavodsk}}
{{AmCyc Poster|Petrozavodsk}}
*[http://www.petrozavodsk-mo.ru/eng/index.htm Official website of Petrozavodsk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009075731/http://www.petrozavodsk-mo.ru/eng/index.htm |date=October 9, 2007 }}
*[http://www.petrozavodsk-mo.ru Official website of Petrozavodsk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012034855/http://www.petrozavodsk-mo.ru/ |date=October 12, 2020 }} {{in lang|ru}}
*[http://www.ptz.ru Unofficial website of Petrozavodsk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020201848/http://ptz.ru/ |date=October 20, 2020 }} {{in lang|ru}}
*[http://kultura.ptz.ru Official website of the Board of Culture of Petrozavodsky Urban Okrug] {{in lang|ru}}
*[http://kizhi.karelia.ru/info/en/about/the-museum-in-the-city-of-petrozavodsk Kizhi Museum]

{{Republic of Karelia}}
{{Russian republics capitals}}
{{List of European capitals by region}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2011}}

[[Category:Petrozavodsk| ]]
[[Category:Petrozavodsky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1703]]
[[Category:1703 establishments in Russia]]