View source for Pezinok

{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Pezinok
| other_name              = Bazin
| settlement_type         = [[List of municipalities and towns in Slovakia|Municipality]]
| nicknames               = Pezinek, Pavúci
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
| image_skyline           = Zamok Pezinok.jpg
| image_caption           = Pezinok castle
| image_flag              = Pezinok-pezinok-flag.svg
| image_shield            = Coat of Arms of Pezinok.svg
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = {{SVK}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of Slovakia|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = {{flag|Bratislava Region}}
| subdivision_type2       = [[Districts of Slovakia|District]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Pezinok District]]
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| pushpin_map             = Slovakia Bratislava Region#Slovakia
| pushpin_relief          = 1
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location of Pezinok in the [[Bratislava Region]]##Location of Pezinok in [[Slovakia]]
| coordinates             = {{coord|48.29|N|17.27|E|region:SK|display=inline,title}}
<!-- government -->
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = Roman Mács
| leader_party            = 
<!-- established -->
| established_title       = First mentioned
| established_date        = 1208
<!-- area -->
| area_footnotes          = <ref name="area">{{Cite web |url=http://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/view/sk/VBD_DEM/om7014rr/v_om7014rr_00_00_00_sk |title=Hustota obyvateľstva - obce [om7014rr_ukaz: Rozloha (Štvorcový meter)] |language=sk |date=2022-03-31 |website=www.statistics.sk |publisher= Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic|access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref>
| area_total_km2          = 72.76
<!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes     = <ref name="base_info">{{Cite web |url=http://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/view/sk/VBD_SK_WIN/om5001rr/v_om5001rr_00_00_00_sk |title=Základná charakteristika |language=sk |date=2015-04-17 |website=www.statistics.sk |publisher= Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic|access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref>
| elevation_m             = 151
<!-- population -->
| population_as_of        = {{abbr|2023|Population: 2023-12-31. Population density & Total area: 2021-06-30/-07-01. Elevation, Postal code & Area code (last updated): 2015-04-17.}}
| population_footnotes    = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pezinok.sk/stranka/demografia |title=Demografia |language=sk |date=2022-03-31 |website=www.pezinok.sk |publisher= Mesto Pezinok|access-date=2025-01-06}}</ref>
| population_total        = 24443
| population_density_km2 = auto
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type        = Postal code
| postal_code             = 902 01<ref name="base_info"/>
| area_code               = +421 33<ref name="base_info"/>
| blank_name              = [[Slovak car registration plates|Car plate]]
| blank_info              = PK
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website                 = {{URL|https://www.pezinok.sk/}}
}}
[[File:Kermesite-Calcite-280586.jpg|thumb|Classic wine-red [[kermesite]] crystals, up to {{convert|2.3|cm|2|abbr=on}}. long, on [[calcite]]-covered massive [[sulfide]] matrix. The Pezinok [[antimony]] deposits are known for world-class kermesite specimens.<ref>[http://www.mindat.org/loc-29147.html Pezinok antimony deposits] at [[Mindat.org]]</ref>]]

'''Pezinok''' ({{IPA|sk|ˈpezinɔk}}; in the local dialect ''Pezinek''; {{langx|hu|Bazin}}; {{langx|de|Bösing}}; {{langx|la|Bazinium}}) is a town in southwestern [[Slovakia]]. It is roughly {{convert|20|km|2|abbr=on}} northeast of [[Bratislava]] and, as of December 2023, had a population of 24,443.

Pezinok lies near the [[Little Carpathians]] and thrives mainly on viticulture and agriculture, as well as on brick-making and ceramic(s) production.

==History==

From the second half of the 10th century until 1918, it was part of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]]. Pezinok, or at least its surroundings, was mentioned in writing for the first time in 1208 under the name "''terra Bozin''". During the next few centuries, the town changed from a mining settlement to a vineyard town. It gained the status of a free royal town on 14 June 1647. Pezinok had its most glorious era of wealth and prosperity in the 17th and 18th centuries when it was also one of the richest towns in the Kingdom of Hungary. Its wealth was based on the production of quality wines. In the 19th century, the town slowly began to industrialize: the first [[sulphuric acid]] factory in Hungary or the known brickworks were established here. It boomed further after it was connected to the railway. After the breakup of [[Austria-Hungary]] in 1918/1920, the town became part of the newly created [[Czechoslovakia]]. In the first half of the 20th century, it was declining, vineyard production was declining, forcing many inhabitants to emigrate. It is growing again after the end of [[World War II]]. 

=== Jewish History of the Town ===
Jews were granted permission to live in Pezinok in 1450. 

In 1529  The local counts, Counts Wolfang and George von Pezinok and St. George, began to imprison local Jews, due to the fact that they owed money to the jewish community. Matters deteriorated further when the mutilated body of a local 9 year old boy was found in the area, leading to a [[blood libel]], an accusation that Jews had murdered Christians for religious rituals. The already imprisoned jews were brought to the town square and tortured until they confessed to the murder and to additional crimes. On May 21, 1529, 30 Jewish men, women and children were burned at the stake. Children under the age of 10 were the only ones to receive a pardon, and they were forcibly converted to Christianity. After that point jews were forbidden to reside in Pezinok, and even to spend a night there.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pezinok |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/pezinok |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref> In 1540 the protestant reformer [[Andreas Osiander]] published a booklet condemning the 1529 blood libel. The booklet incriminated the Counts who started the whole thing.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ron |first=Nathan |date=2023-10-03 |title=Johannes Reuchlin (1455–1522): A Unique Philosemitic Public Intellectual |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/10848770.2023.2220239 |journal=The European Legacy |volume=28 |issue=7 |pages=725–741 |doi=10.1080/10848770.2023.2220239 |issn=1084-8770|doi-access=free }}</ref> 

Jews were allowed to return in 1609, but only to the lands of the [[Pálffy|Palffy]] family and in [[Cajla]] (Zeile). The rest of Pezinok remained forbidden until 1840. During that time period the Jewish community flourished in their allowed areas, building a synagogue and living in their communal lifestyle. Even with that, they were subject to an additional tax that other residents were not required to pay - a "toleration tax." In 1781 the census of the Palffy lands lists 88 jews, while in 1840 there were 271. By 1930 there were 425 jews living in Pezinok.<ref name=":0" />

On March 14th, 1939 [[Slovak Republic (1939–1945)|Slovakia]] declared independence from Czechoslovakia.  German SS troops entered the city soon after, and on May 18th, 1939 the [[Hlinka Guard]] (the Slovak Storm Troopers) assembled the jewish men of the city at the synagogue and forced them to destroy it and the holy books kept there. Jews were attacked in the streets and taken from their homes. At this point many of the jews in the town fled, never to return. By 1940, there were 235 jews left in Pezinok. The property of the jews was legally taken by the non jewish residents of the town and their homes were seized. In the Summer of 1942 the remaining jews were deported to [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]. The Jewish cemetery was blown up by the Germans, and the tombstones were used to pave roads. Few Jews returned after the Holocaust. There were 45 jews listed in 1947, and after 1948-49, almost no jews were left. There are currently no jews listed as living in Pezinok. <ref name=":0" />

==Geography and tourism==
Pezinok lies at an altitude of {{convert|152|m|ft|0}} [[above mean sea level|above sea level]] and covers an area of {{convert|72.555|km2|sqmi|1}}.<ref name="statistics"/> It is located in the [[Danubian Lowland]] at the foothills of the [[Little Carpathians]], around {{convert|20|km|2|abbr=on}} north-east of Bratislava. Another major city, [[Trnava]], is located around {{convert|25|km|2|abbr=on}} to the east.

A ski resort is situated on the ''Baba'' mountain. The neighbouring Little Carpathians offer numerous [[hiking]] paths. All of the city forests are part of the [[Little Carpathians Protected Landscape Area]].

The Little Carpathians Museum (Malokarpatské múzeum), which is in a typical wine merchant's house in the centre of the town, was undergoing a major renovation in 2008 and promises to be one of the best small museums in Slovakia.

It has the biggest collection of wine presses in central Europe, some of them gigantic wooden affairs dating from the early seventeenth century; the atmospheric old cellars of the building are partly given over to an exhibition of them.

But Martin Hrubala, the deputy director of the museum, is keen to make the museum not just about the old but also the new: the entrance fee includes a [[wine tasting]], accompanied by a sommelier. And the museum promises interactivity at a level unusual for Slovak museums. Visitors, for instance, as well as tasting wine will also get the opportunity to make their own.

Pezinok seems to have been investing heavily in public facilities lately: the city museum, in a building opposite the Little Carpathians Museum, opened in 2003. It features a range of attractively presented local archaeological finds and a selection of stonework salvaged from nearby churches; labelling, however, is in Slovak only.

And at the northern end of the city centre, next to a park which once formed its landscaped grounds, is Pezinok Castle. Originally a moated fortress which was later turned into a chateau for the aristocratic Pálffy family, the cellars of the castle are now home to the National Wine Salon.

[[Little Carpathians Museum]] (''Malokarpatské múzeum'') is situated in Pezinok.

<gallery>
File:Bazini-kastelycivertanlegi1.jpg
File:Bazini-kastelycivertanlegi2.jpg
</gallery>

== Town suburbs ==
* [[Grinava|Grinava historical suburb]]
* Town center
* [[Cajla|Cajla historical suburb]]
* [[Sídlisko|''Sídliská'']]:
** [[Sídlisko Sever, Pezinok|Sever]] ({{langx|en|North}})
** [[Sídlisko Juh, Pezinok|Juh]] ({{langx|en|South}})
** Muškát
** Záhradná (originally ''Stred'')
** [[Za hradbami]] and 1. mája (originally ''Stred II.'')
** Moyzesova (originally ''Prednádražie'')
** Starý dvor ({{langx|en|Old yard}})
** Sahara
* Unigal
* Panholec
* Glejovka
* Čikošňa
* Turie brehy ({{langx|en|Shores of cattles}})
* Talihov dvor ({{langx|en|Talih's yard}}; originally ''Nataliin majer'')
* Recreation areas
** Kučišdorfská dolina ({{langx|en|Kučišdorf Valley}})
** Leitne
** Reisinger
** Slnečné údolie ({{langx|en|Sun Valley}})
** Stupy

==Traditional Events==
February

'''Ethnofestival'''

March
 
'''Selection of the Queen of wine'''

'''PAFF''' – alternative (amateur) film festival in House of Culture

April

'''Wine markets''' - international competition, exhibition and wine tasting

May

'''Ad Una Corda''' - International church choir festival {every even year}

'''Sponsorship march in support if UNICEF'''

June

'''Cibulák''' - theater festival

'''Competition of ancient cars'''

July 	

'''Slovakia Matador''' - competition of cars driving in The mountain {to the hill of Baba}

July - August 	

'''Promenade concerts take place as a part of Cultural sumer''' {every Sunday late afternoon}

'''Flamenco Verano''' summer flamenco school in Pezinok

August 	

'''Pezinský Permoník''' - Small Carpathian exhibition and bourse of minerals, fossils and precious stones connected with gold washing on the streets

'''Dychovky v preši''' - International festival of brass music

September 	

'''[[Pezinok Grape Harvest Festival|Vinobranie]]''' - celebrations of wine including rich cultural program and tasting of regional specialties{food and wine} in the streets of the city center

October

'''Pezinský strapec''' - International competition in ballroom dancing

November

'''St. Martin's blessings of wine''' includes tasting of young wine

'''Day of Open Cellars''' regional promotional wine tasting in private cellars

December 	

'''Christmas Inspirations''' - sell of Christmas goods Including cultural program on Radničné square and at Old Town hall

== Gastronomy ==
=== Typical dishes ===
Source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stary.pezinok.sk/?yggid=403|title=Gastronómia|author=|website=www.pezinok.sk|lang=sk-SK|accessdate=2024-09-07}}</ref>

In the past, the daily diet of local peasant families mainly included dishes based on [[flour]] such as ''[[knödel|knofle]]'', ''[[focaccia|osúchy]]'', ''[[pancake|dolky]]'', ''podlisníky'', ''[[List of pasta#Soup pasta|šiflíky]]'', and [[potato]] mixture such as ''[[lokša|lokše]]'', ''[[šúľance|šuferle]]'', ''gerheň'', and ''scískance''. The classic thick soups prepared mainly with [[bean]]s or [[bean|bean pods]], [[lentils]], [[peas]], [[chickpeas]] or the integral [[horseradish]] soup were known and [[dill]], [[pumpkin]], [[potato]], [[tomato]] or [[mushroom]] [[sauce]]s or ''[[Főzelék|prívarky]]''. At the time of [[pig slaughter]], the so-called ''obarová polievka'' in which [[bread]] pieces were placed. At [[Easter]], sourdough ''záviny'' filled with ''[[quark (cheese)|tvaroh]]'', walnuts and poppy seeds, and ''veľkonočný baranček'' ("Easter lamb") were served. At [[Christmas]], a ''[[Vánočka|vianočka]]'' and ''[[Opekanec|pupáky]]'' were served.

The traditional dish, ''[[lokša|lokše]]'' with [[goose]] or [[duck]] [[lard]] is shared with the nearby [[Slovenský Grob]], and also part of the ''husacie'' or ''kačacie hody'' ("goose" or "duck festivals" – ''lokše'' with lard, roasted goose or duck and steamed red cabbage with [[strudel]]). 

In the past, all [[Tavern#Czech Republic and Slovakia|''hostince'']] in the town offered ''mascený chleba s cibulou'' (in the Slovak literary language ''mastný chlieb s cibuľou'', {{langx|en|[[bread]] with [[lard]] and [[onion]]s}}).

In the second half of August, since 2003, the ''fyzulnačka'' (in the Slovak literary language ''fazuľovica'' or ''fazuľová polievka'', {{langx|en|bean soup}}) cooking competition has been organized in the Town Hall Square ({{langx|sk|Radničné námestie}}).

=== Typical drinks ===
The typical drink of the town is [[wine]]. In September, a ''[[Federweisser|burčiak]]'' is sold in [[Grinava]] and also during the [[Pezinok Grape Harvest Festival]] ({{langx|sk|Pezinské vinobranie}}).

==Demographics==
{{historical population|1970|13872|1980|17116|1991|20515|2001|21082|2011|21179|2021|24900|align=right|cols=1|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical lexikon of municipalities 1970-2011|url=https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/wcm/connect/cd33d897-7314-41d0-a12b-a95e537d7a39/Statisticky_lexikon_obci_Slovenskej_republiky_2011.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy|language=sk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Census 2021 - Population - Basic results|url=https://www.scitanie.sk/obyvatelia/zakladne-vysledky/pocet-obyvatelov/|publisher=Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic|date=2021-01-01}}</ref>}}According to the 2001 [[census]], the town had 21,083 inhabitants. 96.51% of inhabitants were [[Slovaks]], 1.21% [[Czech people|Czechs]] and 0.52% [[Hungarian people|Hungarians]].<ref name="statistics">{{cite web | title = Municipal Statistics | publisher = Statistical Office of the Slovak republic | url = http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html | access-date = 2007-12-19 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071217080336/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-12-17}}</ref> The religious makeup was 64.83% [[Roman Catholics]], 21.02% people with no religious affiliation, and 8.22% [[Lutherans]].<ref name="statistics"/>

=== Most numerous town surnames (data from March 2001) ===
As of 31 December 2000, the town had 21,865 inhabitants, of which the most numerous surnames in Pezinok were:<ref name=demografia>{{cite news|title=Najviac je Krasňanských|newspaper=Pezinčan|publisher=Mesto Pezinok|location=Pezinok|date=March 2003|issn=1338-1857|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031152256/http://pezincan.pezinok.sk/index.php?yggid=articles&cat=2001-3|lang=sk-SK}}</ref>
* Krasňanský or Krasňanská (137 inhabitants)
* Guštafík(ová) (134 inhabitants)
* [[Horváth]](ová) (118 inhabitants) 
* Demovič(ová) (116 obyvateľov) 
* Klamo(vá) (103 inhabitants)
* Hanúsek or Hanúsková (102 inhabitants)
* Slimák(ová) (101 inhabitants)
* [[Slezák]](ová) (96 inhabitants)
* Čech(ová) (94 inhabitants)

==People==
*[[Ján Bahýľ]] 
*[[Zuzana Čaputová]]
*[[Moritz Fuerst]]
*[[Eduard Chmelár]]
*[[Ján Kupecký]]
*[[Filip Polc]]
*[[Ľudovít Rajter]]
*[[Richard Réti]]
*[[Dušan Slobodník]]
*[[Eugen Suchoň]]
*[[Oliver Solga]]
*[[Pavol Boriš]]
*[[Ján Štrba]]

== Climate ==
Pezinok has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dfb'').

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Pezinok

| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan mean C = 0.2
| Feb mean C = 2.4
| Mar mean C = 6.2
| Apr mean C = 11.3
| May mean C = 15.9
| Jun mean C = 20.0
| Jul mean C = 21.7
| Aug mean C = 21.2
| Sep mean C = 16.2
| Oct mean C = 11.0
| Nov mean C = 6.1
| Dec mean C = 1.3
| year mean C = 
| Jan high C = 2.7
| Feb high C = 5.7
| Mar high C = 10.7
| Apr high C = 16.5
| May high C = 20.8
| Jun high C = 25.1
| Jul high C = 27.1
| Aug high C = 26.7
| Sep high C = 21.2
| Oct high C = 15.3
| Nov high C = 9.0
| Dec high C = 3.6
| year high C = 
| Jan low C = -2.5
| Feb low C = -0.8
| Mar low C = 1.8
| Apr low C = 6.1
| May low C = 10.7
| Jun low C = 14.6
| Jul low C = 16.3
| Aug low C = 15.9
| Sep low C = 11.6
| Oct low C = 7.3
| Nov low C = 3.4
| Dec low C = -1.0
| year low C = 
| Jan precipitation mm = 39.6
| Feb precipitation mm = 37.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 40.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 42.9
| May precipitation mm = 73.9
| Jun precipitation mm = 73.5
| Jul precipitation mm = 69.6
| Aug precipitation mm = 73.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 76.0
| Oct precipitation mm = 51.4
| Nov precipitation mm = 46.4
| Dec precipitation mm = 42.6
| year precipitation mm = 
| source 1 = Weather.Directory<ref name="Weather.Directory">
{{cite web|url=https://weather.directory/sk/pezinok
|title= Pezinok Weather & Climate Guide
|access-date= 15 Jun 2025
|website= Weather.Directory}}</ref>
}}

==Twin towns — sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Slovakia}}

Pezinok is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerské mestá|url=https://www.pezinok.sk/?yggid=12|publisher=Pezinok|language=sk|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Neusiedl am See]], Austria
*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Mosonmagyaróvár]], Hungary
*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Mladá Boleslav]], Czech Republic
*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Kyjov]], Czech Republic
*{{flagicon|SLO}} [[Izola]], Slovenia

==References==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[Amphitheater Pezinok]]
* [[Atlas klub]]
* [[Koncert mladosti]]
* [[Sahara Shopping Park]]
* [[Pezinok-Rozálka airport]]

==External links==
{{commonscat-inline|Pezinok}}
{{wikivoyage|Pezinok}}
*[http://www.pezinok.sk/index.php? Official Website]
*[http://panoramy.sme.sk/panorama/787/pezinok-veza-evanjelickeho-kostola-vyhlad-na-centrum/?pr=2362&p=2363 Panoramaaussicht von Pezinok (Lutheranischer Kirchenturm)]
*[http://travel.spectator.sme.sk/articles/1897/pezinok Pezinok - Spectacular Slovakia]

{{Pezinok District}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Slovakia]]
[[Category:Villages and municipalities in Pezinok District]]