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{{Short description|Canadian politician and businessman}}
{{Distinguish|Peter Pettigrew|Peter Pettigrew (character)}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix    = [[The Honourable]]
|name                = Pierre Pettigrew
|honorific-suffix    = [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada|PC]]
|image               = Pierre Pettigrew at the 21st Annual CAF Conference (37109754875) (cropped).jpg
|caption             = Pettigrew in 2017
|office             = [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
|primeminister      = [[Paul Martin]]
|term_start         = July 20, 2004
|term_end           = February 5, 2006
|predecessor        = [[Bill Graham (Canadian politician)|Bill Graham]]
|successor          = [[Peter MacKay]]
|office1             = [[Minister of Health (Canada)|Minister of Health]]
|primeminister1      = Paul Martin
|term_start1         = December 12, 2003
|term_end1           = July 19, 2004
|predecessor1        = [[Anne McLellan]]
|successor1          = [[Ujjal Dosanjh]]
|office2             = [[Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs (Canada)|Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs]]
|primeminister2      = Paul Martin
|term_start2         = December 12, 2003
|term_end2           = July 19, 2004
|predecessor2        = [[Stéphane Dion]]
|successor2          = [[Lucienne Robillard]]
|office3             = [[Minister for International Trade (Canada)|Minister for International Trade]]
|primeminister3      = Jean Chrétien
|term_start3         = August 3, 1999
|term_end3           = December 11, 2003
|predecessor3        = [[Sergio Marchi (politician)|Sergio Marchi]]
|successor3          = [[Jim Peterson]]
|office4             = [[Minister of Human Resources Development (Canada)|Minister of Human Resources Development]]
|primeminister4      = Jean Chrétien
|term_start4         = October 4, 1996
|term_end4           = August 2, 1999
|predecessor4        = [[Doug Young (politician)|Doug Young]]
|successor4          = [[Jane Stewart (politician)|Jane Stewart]]
|office5             = [[Minister for International Cooperation (Canada)|Minister for International Cooperation]]
|primeminister5      = Jean Chrétien
|term_start5         = January 25, 1996
|term_end5           = October 3, 1996
|predecessor5        = ''Position created''
|successor5          = [[Don Boudria]]
|riding6             = [[Papineau (electoral district)|Papineau]]<br /><small>[[Papineau (electoral district)|Papineau—Saint-Michel]] (1996–1997)<br />[[Papineau (electoral district)|Papineau—Saint-Denis]] (1997–2004)</small>
|parliament6          = Canadian
|term_start6          = March 25, 1996
|term_end6            = January 22, 2006
|predecessor6         = [[André Ouellet]]
|successor6           = [[Vivian Barbot]]
|birth_name          = Pierre Stewart Pettigrew
|birth_date           = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1951|4|18}}
|birth_place          = [[Quebec City]], [[Quebec]], Canada
|party                = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
|spouse               = 
|children             = 
|residence            =
|alma_mater           = {{ubl | [[Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières]] | [[Balliol College, Oxford]]}}
|occupation           =
|profession           = Businessman
|signature            = 
|website              =
|footnotes            =
}}

'''Pierre Stewart Pettigrew''' {{post-nominals|country=CAN|PC}} (born April 18, 1951) is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] politician and businessman.

==Early life and career==
Born in [[Quebec City]], Pettigrew has a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in [[philosophy]] from the [[Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières]] (1972) and a [[Master of Philosophy]] degree in [[international relations]] from the [[University of Oxford]] (1976) where he studied at [[Balliol College, Oxford|Balliol College]].

Prior to seeking elected office, Pettigrew was director of the Political Committee, [[NATO]] Assembly, in [[Brussels]], from 1976 to 1978, executive assistant to the Leader of the [[Quebec Liberal Party]] from 1978 to 1981 and Foreign Policy Advisor to [[Pierre Trudeau]], [[Prime Minister of Canada]], from 1981 to 1984. Pettigrew was vice-president of Samson Bélair/[[Deloitte & Touche]] in [[Montreal]] from 1985 to 1995, where he acted as a business consultant to companies with dealings in international markets.

==Political career==
Pettigrew served in the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]] [[Cabinet of Canada|cabinet]] of [[Jean Chrétien]] in various capacities and in the government of [[Paul Martin]] as Canada's [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]. In the [[2006 Canadian federal election|2006 federal election]] he was defeated as the [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] for the Montreal-area electoral district of [[Papineau (electoral district)|Papineau]].

Following the [[1995 Quebec referendum]] Prime Minister Jean Chrétien was committed to bringing in more star candidates from Quebec to his cabinet.  He thus appointed Pettigrew and [[Stéphane Dion]] to cabinet, even before they were in the house. Pettigrew previously ran for parliament in the [[1984 Canadian federal election|1984 federal election]] in the riding of [[Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup]] but was defeated by less than 7,000 votes by the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]] candidate, [[André Plourde]].

[[André Ouellet]] was made head of [[Canada Post]], opening the riding of [[Papineau—Saint-Michel]].  Pettigrew was elected to Parliament in a March 25, 1996 by-election.  He was re-elected in 1997 and 2000, representing the new riding of [[Papineau—Saint-Denis]].  In 1996 he became [[Minister for International Cooperation (Canada)|Minister for International Cooperation]] and [[Minister responsible for La Francophonie (Canada)|Minister responsible for La Francophonie]].

[[File:PierrePettigrew.JPG|thumb|left|upright|Pettigrew in 2006]]
From 1996 to 1999, he also served as [[Minister of Human Resources Development]]. In that time, the Department of [[Human Resources Development]] represented more than half of the [[Canadian federal budget]]. Pettigrew negotiated with the provinces and the territories the [[National Child Benefit]], the most important social program since [[Canada Pension Plan]] (1966), a 10 billions program by now. He implemented the new [[Employment Insurance]] Program which became balanced after years of deficit despite lowering the premiums. Under his watch, however, ineffective accounting practices at HRDC allegedly left millions of dollars unaccounted for. Pettigrew was fortunate to have been shuffled to the portfolio of International Trade. His successor [[Jane Stewart (politician)|Jane Stewart]] took the brunt of the "[[Boondoggle (project)|billion-dollar boondoggle]]" scandal.

As [[Minister for International Trade (Canada)|Minister for International Trade]], he promoted [[free trade]] and always characterized the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] (NAFTA) as "a tremendous success".<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ig1Mpng4lro meeting] with [[Thomas d'Aquino]] at the [[Summit of the Americas]] 2001</ref> and a model to expand upon.  He was a key participant in the [[World Trade Organization]] (WTO) trade talks, claiming that Canada's main goal of lowering agricultural subsidies would be of great benefit to the world's poorer nations.  At the 2003 WTO Ministerial Conference in [[Cancún]], Pettigrew played an aggressive role as chair of the [[working group]] on the [[Singapore issues]], controversial sectors of proposed liberalization which were bitterly opposed by some developing nation delegates, not to mention masses of protesters outside of the gates where the meetings were held.  He also championed the [[Free Trade Area of the Americas]] (FTAA), and in the period leading up to the [[Summit of the Americas]] in Quebec City in 2001, he spearheaded a campaign to allay growing public suspicion of the deal by promising the eventual release of the draft negotiating texts. After a delay due to translating the texts into the Portuguese language, the texts were made publicly available July 3, 2001. Throughout his mandate at International Trade, he was heavily embroiled in the [[US - Canada softwood lumber dispute]].

On December 12, 2003, he was appointed [[Minister of Health (Canada)|Minister of Health]] and [[Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs (Canada)|Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs]] by newly appointed Prime Minister Paul Martin.  On July 20, 2004, he moved to his long-desired portfolio of Foreign Affairs minister, replacing [[Bill Graham (Canadian politician)|Bill Graham]].

On April 26, 2005, the Montreal newspaper ''[[Le Devoir]]'' reported that the trilingual Pettigrew, who speaks [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]], would leave Canadian politics to serve as the [[Secretary General of the Organization of American States]].<ref>{{cite web| title =Pettigrew quitting politics| work =CBC News| date =April 26, 2005| url =http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/pettigrew-quitting-politics-report-1.523172 | access-date = 2014-06-04 }}</ref> The newspaper suggested that Pettigrew had sufficient support among OAS members to win the job, although officially Canada supported the election of [[Luis Ernesto Derbez]] of [[Mexico]] in the [[2005 OAS Secretary General election]].

Pettigrew has long been rumoured to be a possible leadership candidate for the Liberal Party of Canada or as a leader of the Liberal Party of Quebec.

In 1999, Pettigrew wrote ''Pour une politique de la confiance'' (English translation: ''The New Politics of Confidence''), a book on globalization and the art of governing.

On June 17, 2005, an incident occurred at a conference in Montreal regarding the subject of [[Haiti]], at one point during the conference, Pettigrew was splashed with a red substance by [[Yves Engler]], a political activist associated with the group ''Haiti Action Montreal''. As Engler threw the red substance on Pettigrew, he shouted "Pettigrew lies, Haitians die". Engler claimed that the red paint was meant to symbolize the blood on the hands of the Canadian state due to Canada's involvement in Haiti. Pettigrew told police that he wanted full charges pressed against Engler. However, a couple of days later, Pettigrew suddenly decided to drop all charges.

Despite growing pressure, Pettigrew consistently stated that Canada would "stay the course" in Haiti.<ref>
{{cite web
  | title =Pettigrew: Canada will stay the course in Haiti
  | work =CTV News
  | date =January 3, 2006
  | url =http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060103/staying_Haiti_060103/20060103?hub=Canada
  | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20060209165111/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060103/staying_Haiti_060103/20060103?hub=Canada
  | url-status =dead
  | archive-date =February 9, 2006
  | access-date =  2007-07-29}}
</ref>

On December 28, 2005, Pettigrew was the victim of an attempted mugging while he was waiting for a train in the Montreal subway station. The accused, Frederick Estelle, has been charged with aggravated theft.<ref>
{{cite web
  | title =Pettigrew mugged in Montreal metro
  | work =CBC News
  | date =December 30, 2005
  | url =http://www.cbc.ca/montreal/story/qc-pettigrew20051230.html
  | access-date =  2007-07-29 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080421200929/http://www.cbc.ca/montreal/story/qc-pettigrew20051230.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2008-04-21}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
  | title =Bail denied for Montreal man accused of mugging Pettigrew
  | work =CBC News
  | date =December 30, 2005
  | url =http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/bail-denied-for-montreal-man-accused-of-mugging-pettigrew-1.530382
  | access-date =  2014-06-04}}
</ref>

At the [[2004 Canadian federal election|2004 election]], Pettigrew was nearly defeated by a [[Bloc Québécois]] challenger&nbsp;– only the second time that the Liberals' hold on the riding had been seriously threatened. At the [[2006 Canadian federal election|2006 election]], Pettigrew was defeated by Bloc challenger [[Vivian Barbot]].

==Post-political career==
On October 23, 2006, [[Deloitte Canada]]'s Managing Partner and Chief Executive Alan MacGibbon announced that Pierre Pettigrew had been appointed as Executive Advisor for the firm's international activities. Pettigrew is a member of the [[Inter-American Dialogue]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/pierre-pettigrew/|title=Inter-American Dialogue {{!}} Pierre Pettigrew|website=www.thedialogue.org|access-date=2017-03-21}}</ref>

He was awarded an honorary [[Doctor of Laws]] degree by the [[University of Warwick]] in July 2008.

In August 2016, Pettigrew was appointed special envoy on the [[Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement]] between Canada and the [[European Union]].<ref name="Zimonjic2016">{{cite news |last1=Zimonjic |first1=Peter |title=Pierre Pettigrew, former Chrétien cabinet minister, named CETA envoy Social Sharing Facebook Twitter Email Reddit LinkedIn Pettigrew confident EU trade deal will be signed by October; TPP another story |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/pierre-pettigrew-ceta-envoy-1.3734844 |access-date=23 April 2022 |work=[[CBC News]] |date=August 24, 2016}}</ref>

He currently resides in Toronto.{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}}

==Electoral record==
{{Canadian election result/top|CA|2006|Papineau (electoral district)|Papineau|percent=yes|change=yes|expenditures=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|BQ|[[Vivian Barbot]]|17,775|40.75| +0.79| $50,886}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|Pierre Pettigrew|16,785| 38.48| -2.62| $75,541}}
{{CANelec|CA|Conservative|Mustaque Sarker|3,630| 8.32| +3.55| $34,951}}
{{CANelec|CA|NDP|Marc Hasbani|3,358| 7.70| -1.07| $2,568}}
{{CANelec|CA|Green|Louis-Philippe Verenka|1,572| 3.60| +1.03| $181}}
{{CANelec|CA|Marxist-Leninist|Peter Macrisopoulos|317|0.73|+0.32|  }}
{{CANelec|CA|Canadian Action|Mahmood-Raza Baig|185|0.42|&ndash;| $2,007}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes/Expense limit|43,622|100.00 | $76,023}}
{{end}}

{{Canadian election result/top|CA|2004|Papineau (electoral district)|Papineau|percent=yes|change=yes|expenditures=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|Pierre Pettigrew|16,892|41.10|-13.00| }}
{{CANelec|CA|BQ|Martine Carrière|16,424|39.96|+13.36|$48,511}}
{{CANelec|CA|NDP|André Frappier|3,603|8.77|+4.29| $28,566}}
{{CANelec|CA|Conservative|Mustaque Sarker|1,961|4.77|-2.74|$38,564}}
{{CANelec|CA|Green|Adam Jastrzebski|1,058|2.57|+0.02| }}
{{CANelec|CA|Marijuana|Christelle Dusablon-Pelletier|490|1.19|-0.81| }}
{{CANelec|CA|Communist|[[André Parizeau]]|252|0.61| | $825}}
{{CANelec|CA|Independent|Jimmy Garoufalis|250|0.61| | $2,607}}
{{CANelec|CA|Marxist-Leninist|Peter Macrisopoulos|169|0.41|+0.68| }}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes/Expense limit|41,099 |100.00|$75,103}}
{{CANelec/note|Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election, and not the vote Sarker received as an independent candidate.}}
{{end}}

{{Canadian election result/top|CA|2000|Papineau—Saint-Denis|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|Pierre Pettigrew|23,955|54.10|+0.20}}
{{CANelec|CA|BQ|Philippe Ordenes|11,779|26.60|-2.31}}
{{CANelec|CA|Canadian Alliance|Yannis Felemegos|2,114|4.77|-8.01}}
{{CANelec|CA|NDP|Hans Marotte|1,983|4.48|+2.03}}
{{CANelec|CA|PC|Emmanuel Préville|1,215|2.74|-10.04}}
{{CANelec|CA|Green|Boris-Antoine Legault|1,128|2.55| }}
{{CANelec|CA|Marijuana|Antoine Théorêt-Poupart|886|2.00| }}
{{CANelec|CA|Independent|Mustaque Sarker|738|1.67| }}
{{CANelec|CA|Marxist-Leninist|Peter Macrisopoulos|482|1.09|+0.10}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes/Expense limit|44,280|100.00}}
{{end}}
''Note: Canadian Alliance vote compared to the vote Felemegos received as a Progressive Conservative candidate.''
{{1997 Canadian federal election/Papineau—Saint-Denis}}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U45315 PETTIGREW, Hon. Pierre Stewart], ''Who's Who 2013'', A & C Black, 2013; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2012
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060115215318/http://maritimes.indymedia.org/news/2005/06/10421.php Indymedia article about the red paint incident]
*{{Canadian Parliament links|ID=1789}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060206040743/http://outofhaiti.ca/pettigrew/ Pettigrew and Haiti]

{{s-start}}
{{Canadian federal ministry navigational box header |ministry=27}}
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| post3         = [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
| post3years    = 2004&ndash;2006
| post3note     =
| post3followed = [[Peter MacKay]]

| post2preceded = [[Anne McLellan]]
| post2         = [[Minister of Health (Canada)|Minister of Health]]
| post2years    = 2003&ndash;2004
| post2note     =
| post2followed = [[Ujjal Dosanjh]]

| post1preceded = [[Stéphane Dion]]
| post1         = [[Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs (Canada)|Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs]]
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| post1note     =
| post1followed = [[Lucienne Robillard]]
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| post1         = [[Minister responsible for Official Languages (Canada)|Minister responsible for Official Languages]]
| post1years    = 2003&ndash;2004
| post1note     =
| post1followed = [[Mauril Bélanger]]
}}
{{Canadian federal ministry navigational box header |ministry=26}}
{{ministry box cabinet posts
| post3preceded = [[Sergio Marchi (politician)|Sergio Marchi]]
| post3         = [[Minister for International Trade (Canada)|Minister for International Trade]]
| post3years    = 1999&ndash;2003
| post3note     =
| post3followed = [[Jim Peterson]]

| post2preceded = [[Doug Young (politician)|Doug Young]]
| post2         = [[Minister of Human Resources Development (Canada)|Minister of Human Resources Development]]
| post2years    = 1996&ndash;1999
| post2note     =
| post2followed = [[Jane Stewart (politician)|Jane Stewart]]

| post1preceded = ''position created''
| post1         = [[Minister for International Cooperation (Canada)|Minister for International Cooperation]]
| post1years    = 1996
| post1note     =
| post1followed = [[Don Boudria]]
}}
{{ministry box special cabinet
| post1preceded = ''position created''
| post1         = [[Minister responsible for La Francophonie (Canada)|Minister responsible for La Francophonie]]
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| post1note     =
| post1followed = [[Don Boudria]]
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{{Ministers of intergovernmental affairs of Canada}}
{{CA-Ministers of Health}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pettigrew, Pierre}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Warwick]]
[[Category:Ministers of foreign affairs of Canada]]
[[Category:Ministers of health of Canada]]
[[Category:Liberal Party of Canada MPs]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the 26th Canadian Ministry]]
[[Category:Members of the 27th Canadian Ministry]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec]]
[[Category:Members of the Inter-American Dialogue]]
[[Category:Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada]]
[[Category:Politicians from Quebec City]]
[[Category:Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada]]
[[Category:21st-century members of the House of Commons of Canada]]