View source for Pilatus PC-12

{{short description |Swiss executive and utility transport aircraft}}
{{Redirect|PC-12||PC12 (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2022}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{{Infobox aircraft
 |name= PC-12
 |image= File:Pilatus PC-12-45, Royal Flying Doctor Service AN0636290.jpg
 |caption= A PC-12/45 of the [[Royal Flying Doctor Service]], the launch customer and major user
 |type= Passenger and cargo aircraft
 |national_origin= [[Switzerland]]
 |manufacturer= [[Pilatus Aircraft]]
 |designer=
 |first_flight= 31 May 1991
 |introduction= 1994
 |retired=
 |status= In production
 |primary_user= [[PlaneSense]]
 |more_users= [[Royal Flying Doctor Service]] <br />[[Tradewind Aviation]] <br />[[United States Air Force]] <!--- NOTE: Limit of three "more users" here --->
 |produced= 1991–present
 |number_built= 2,000 ({{As of|2023|5|lc=yes}})<ref name=Flight15may2023/>
 |variants=
}}

The '''Pilatus PC-12''' is a pressurized, single-engined, [[turboprop]] aircraft manufactured by [[Pilatus Aircraft]] of [[Stans, Switzerland]] since 1991. It was designed as a high-performance [[utility aircraft]] that incorporates a large aft cargo door in addition to the main passenger door. Due to its efficient, high-utility design, the PC-12 is used by a large variety of operators. The main use for the aircraft is [[business aircraft|corporate transportation]], but it is also used by [[Fractional Aircraft Ownership|fractional]] and small [[Regional airline|regional]] airlines, [[Air medical services|air-ambulance]] operators, and many government agencies, such as police departments and armed forces. The 2,000th PC-12 was delivered in May 2023.<!--Flight15may2023-->

==Development==
[[File:VH-FMM Pilatus PC-12-47E Factory Demonstrator (6485866531).jpg|thumb|[[Pratt & Whitney PT6]] turboprop nose installation and four-bladed [[Propeller (aeronautics)|propeller]]]]

In October 1989, Pilatus announced the development of the PC-12 at the annual convention of the [[National Business Aviation Association]] (NBAA).<ref name="FlightIntl1989">[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1989/1989%20-%202908.html "Booming Business."] ''Flight International'', 23 September 1989.</ref><ref name="FlyingNov1989">{{cite magazine|last1=Moll|first1=Nigel|date=November 1989|title=A Swiss to Watch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4ErjyFmTroC&pg=PA80|department=Features|magazine=[[Flying (magazine)|Flying]]|publisher=Diamandis Communications|volume=116|issue=11|pages=80–84|issn=0015-4806|access-date=21 February 2016|via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>{{rp|80}} Prior to the 1989 announcement, the PC-12 project had been worked on for some time under high levels of secrecy; by the time of the announcement, assembly of the first prototype had already commenced.<ref name="FlyingNov1989"/>{{rp|81–82}} Pilatus believed that the PC-12 would fit a new market not served by existing aircraft and that the type would be the first single-engined aircraft with a large cabin that would be capable of flying at high speeds across long distances.<ref name="FlyingNov1989"/>{{rp|82}} The two prototypes were completed on 1 May 1991, with the first flight taking place on 31 May 1991.<ref name="FlyingAug1991">{{cite magazine|date=August 1991|title=PC-12 Makes First Flight|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G6suCsYkXVgC&pg=PA20|department=Reporting Points|magazine=[[Flying (magazine)|Flying]]|publisher=[[Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S.]]|volume=118|issue=8|page=20|issn=0015-4806|access-date=30 June 2016|via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> Swiss certification of the type had been originally planned for mid-1991,<ref name="FlyingNov1989"/>{{rp|81}} but a redesign of the wings (to increase the wingspan and add winglets to ensure performance guarantees were met) delayed progress. On 30 March 1994, the Swiss Federal Office of Civil Aviation issued the type certificate for the PC-12;<ref name="FlyingJuly1994">{{cite magazine|date=July 1994|title=Pilatus PC-12 Certified in Switzerland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DNnRQhLxu7YC&pg=PA28|department=Reporting Points|magazine=[[Flying (magazine)|Flying]]|publisher=[[Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S.]]|volume=121|issue=7|page=28|issn=0015-4806|access-date=21 February 2016|via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> [[Federal Aviation Administration]] approval in the U.S. followed on 15 July 1994.<ref name="A78EU">{{cite web|url = http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/f5d7f6c259787cbd86257ef9005e0584/$FILE/A78EU_Rev_24.pdf|title = Type Certificate Data Sheet No. A78EU |access-date = 1 July 2016|last = [[Federal Aviation Administration]]|date = 10 November 2015}}</ref>

[[File:2007 Pilatus PC-12 panel photo Don Ramey Logan.jpg|thumb|PC-12 [[flight instruments]] and subpanel]]
Since entering service, Pilatus developed a large number of improvements and options upon the original PC-12 model; changes include increasing the [[maximum takeoff weight]], using increasingly powerful engines, adopting new avionics, incorporating noise-reduction measures, adding new propellers, speed and range increases, additional interiors, and new [[inflight entertainment]] systems.<ref name=FM100810/><ref>Grady, Mary. [http://robbreport.com/aviation/pilatus-offers-new-upgrades-its-pc-12-ng "Pilatus Offers New Upgrades for Its PC-12 NG."] ''Robb Report'', 19 March 2014.</ref><ref name="12NG">{{cite news|last1=Marsh|first1=Alton K.|title=Pilatus Boosts PC-12 NG Performance|url=https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2015/november/16/pilatus-upgrades-pc-12-ng|access-date=21 February 2016|publisher=[[Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association|AOPA]]|date=16 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="second">{{cite news|last1=Sarsfield|first1=Kate|title=NBAA: Pilatus marks flight of second PC-24 and upgrades PC-12NG|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/nbaa-pilatus-marks-flight-of-second-pc-24-and-upgra-419171/|access-date=21 February 2016|publisher=[[Flightglobal]]|date=16 November 2015|location=Las Vegas}}</ref> Other aviation firms, such as Finoff Aviation Products, have also produced their own independent products and aftermarket enhancement packages for the PC-12.<ref name="12Upgrade">{{cite news|last1= George |first1=Fred|title= Finnoff PC-12 Upgrade|url= http://aviationweek.com/awin/finnoff-pc-12-upgrade |access-date= 21 February 2016| work =[[Aviation Week]]|date=1 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="Hartzell17Nov2015">{{cite press release |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Hartzell Introduces 5-Blade Carbon Fiber Propellers for PC-12 Fleet|url=http://hartzellprop.com/hartzell-introduces-5-blade-carbon-fiber-propellers-for-pc-12-fleet/|location=Las Vegas|publisher=[[Hartzell Propeller]]|date=17 November 2015|access-date=21 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="FlyingOct2006">{{cite news |last1= McClellan |first1= J. Mac |date= October 15, 2006 |title= Cabin Size Really Does Matter |url= http://www.flyingmag.com/pilot-reports/turboprops/cabin-size-really-does-matter |department= Pilot Reports |magazine= [[Flying (magazine)|Flying]] |publisher= [[Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S.]] }}</ref>

=== PC-12NG ===
Pilatus announced the PC-12NG (Next Generation) at the 2006 NBAA meeting in Orlando and officially launched it during the NBAA 2007 in Atlanta.<ref name="Pilatus6Oct2008">{{cite press release|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Pilatus Receives Excellent Feedback from Honeywell Apex Users|url=http://www.pilatusowners.com/imgs/pilatus_honeywell_apex.pdf|url-status=dead|location=Stans|publisher=[[Pilatus Aircraft]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715083723/http://www.pilatusowners.com/imgs/pilatus_honeywell_apex.pdf|archive-date=15 July 2011|date=6 October 2008|access-date=14 June 2010|via=pilatusowners.com}}</ref> The NG features a more powerful Pratt & Whitney PT6A-67P engine with better climb performance and an increase in maximum cruise speed to 280 knots [[true airspeed]] (TAS). The NG also features a [[Honeywell Primus]] Apex [[glass cockpit]]; prior to this, the PC-12 had been one of the few high-end models to lack flat-panel avionics.<ref name=FM100810/><ref name="FlyingSept2008">{{cite news |last1= Goyer |first1= Robert |date= September 8, 2008 |title= Next Big Thing: Pilatus PC-12 NG |url= http://www.flyingmag.com/pilot-reports/turboprops/pilatus-pc-12-ng-next-big-thing |department= Pilot Reports |magazine= [[Flying (magazine)|Flying]] |publisher= [[Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S.]] }}</ref> The revised cockpit includes automatic pressurization control, as well as cursor controlled inputs to the navigation system. The PC-12 NG [[Wingtip device|winglets]] have also been modified from the original version.<ref name="FlyingOct2006"/> Within two years of launch, over 200 orders reportedly had been placed for the PC-12 NG.<ref name="FlyingSept2008"/> In May 2008, the first PC-12 NG was delivered.<ref name="Finnish">{{cite news|last1=O'Keeffe|first1=Niall|title=Finnish Air Force opts for PC-12 liaison fleet|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/finnish-air-force-opts-for-pc-12-liaison-fleet-325635/|access-date=21 February 2016|publisher=[[Flightglobal]]|date=24 April 2009|location=London}}</ref>

[[File:Pilatus PC12 NG blended winglet at AERO Friedrichshafen 2018 (1X7A4248).jpg|thumb|left|Blended winglet of the PC-12 NG]]
The PC-12M (Multipurpose) is based on the PC-12 NG, but equipped with a more powerful electrical generation system that allows installing additional power-consuming equipment. This enables the PC-12M to perform missions such as flight inspection, air ambulance, aerial photography, and aerial surveillance. An optional utility door accommodates parachute drops of people and cargo. This version is marketed in the United States as the PC-12 Spectre paramilitary special missions platform.<ref name="pil spect">[http://www.pilatus-aircraft.com/00-def/main/scripts/ckfinder/userfiles/files/Downloads/Brochures/Pilatus%20Aircraft%20Ltd%20-%20PC-12%20Spectre.pdf "Pilatus PC-12 Spectre."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226114649/http://www.pilatus-aircraft.com/00-def/main/scripts/ckfinder/userfiles/files/Downloads/Brochures/Pilatus%20Aircraft%20Ltd%20-%20PC-12%20Spectre.pdf |date=2015-02-26 }} ''Pilatus Aircraft'', Retrieved: 20 February 2016.</ref>

On 18 December 2012, Pilatus officially opened its Chinese headquarters in [[Chongqing]] [[Liangjiang New Area|Liangjiang]] and announced future manufacturing of the PC-12 for Asia-Pacific customers on the production line at this site.<ref name="PRNewswire24Dec2012">{{cite press release|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Pilatus Aircraft to Set Production Base in Chongqing Liangjiang|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pilatus-aircraft-to-set-production-base-in-chongqing-liangjiang-184647891.html|location=Chongqing, China|agency=[[PR Newswire]]|date=24 December 2012|access-date=23 February 2016}}</ref> In September 2014, it was announced that the production for various aerostructures for the PC-12 NG would be performed by [[Tata Advanced Systems|Tata Aircraft Systems]] in India from 2016 onwards, these parts having previously been manufactured by [[PZL-Świdnik]] in Poland.<ref name=chad>Trautvetter, Chad. "[http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/ainalerts/2014-08-26/pilatus-taps-indias-tata-make-pc-12-aerostructures Pilatus Taps India's Tata To Make PC-12 Aerostructures]" ''AIN Online'', 26 August 2014. Accessed: 4 September 2014.</ref><ref>Roa, Nithin. [http://www.tata.com/article/inside/Batting-for-defence "Batting for defence."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306044550/http://www.tata.com/article/inside/Batting-for-defence |date=2016-03-06 }} ''Tata Group'', October 2014.</ref>

=== PC-12NGX ===
At the October 2019 NBAA convention, Pilatus announced the already certified PC-12NGX.<!--ref name=Pilatus22oct2019/-->
Its PT6E-67XP includes a [[full authority digital engine control|full-authority digital engine control]] and a low-speed propeller mode to lower cabin noise.<!--ref name=Pilatus22oct2019/-->
It reaches a 290 kn TAS (537&nbsp;km/h) cruise.<!--ref name=Pilatus22oct2019/-->
Updated [[Honeywell Primus|Honeywell avionics]] with [[autothrottle]] feature both [[Pointing device|cursor control device]] and [[touchscreen]].<!--ref name=Pilatus22oct2019/-->
Adapted from the [[PC-24]], the cabin windows are 10% larger and the redesigned cabin includes new seats.<!--ref name=Pilatus22oct2019/-->
Scheduled maintenance is extended to 600 flight hours and [[time between overhaul]] increases from 4,000 to 5,000 hours.<!--ref name=Pilatus22oct2019/-->
Deliveries should start in the second quarter of 2020 at a US$4.39 million base price, up to 5.369 million typically equipped as an executive aircraft.<ref name=Pilatus22oct2019>{{cite press release |url= https://www.pilatus-aircraft.com/en/news-events/media-release/the-world-s-best-turboprop-better-than-ever-pilatus-reveals-the-pc-12-ngx |title= The World's Best Turboprop – Better Than Ever: Pilatus Reveals the PC-12 NGX |date= 22 Oct 2019|publisher= Pilatus}}</ref>
In 2023, its equipped price was $6.028M.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://infogram.com/bca-table-2023-turboprops-1ho16vorwrxm84n |title=Purchase planning handbook - turboprops table |date= Second Quarter 2023|work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology|Business & Commercial Aviation]]}}</ref>

=== PC-12 PRO ===
On 14 March 2025, Pilatus announced a new version of the PC-12 called the PRO.  Delivery is expected to begin in early fall of 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pavell |first=Tim |date=2025-03-30 |title=Introducing the Pilatus PC-12 PRO: The Most Advanced Single Engine Turboprop |url=https://www.jetaviva.com/introducing-the-pilatus-pc-12-pro-the-most-advanced-single-engine-turboprop/ |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=jetAVIVA - Life Is Short, Fly a Jet. |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Design==
[[File:PC-12 take off.jpg|thumb|Pilatus PC-12 taking off from a short, unpaved airstrip]]

The PC-12 is a single-engined, [[turboprop]]-powered, [[business jet|business aircraft]], designed for performing multiple roles and to deliver performance and safety equal to twin-engined aircraft. It is powered by a single [[Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6|Pratt & Whitney PT6A-67]] engine; early models being powered by the PT6A-67B, while the later PC-12 NG variant uses the more powerful PT6A-67P, which is [[flat rated]] at only 70% of its maximum power.<ref name="brochure"/><ref name="12Upgrade"/> According to Pilatus, the PC-12 NG has exceptional versatility and is capable of operating within the most rugged environments, such as the Australian [[outback]]; it is one of the few pressurized turbine-powered aircraft capable of operating from rough landing strips.<ref name="brochure">{{cite web |url= http://www.pilatus-aircraft.com/00-def/main/scripts/ckfinder/userfiles/files/Downloads/Brochures/Pilatus%20Aircraft%20Ltd%20-%20PC-12%20The%20Other%20Swiss%20Movement.pdf |title= PC-12 NG Brochure |publisher= Pilatus |date= 15 July 2013 |url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161009061911/http://www.pilatus-aircraft.com/00-def/main/scripts/ckfinder/userfiles/files/Downloads/Brochures/Pilatus%20Aircraft%20Ltd%20-%20PC-12%20The%20Other%20Swiss%20Movement.pdf |archive-date= 9 October 2016 }}</ref><ref name=FM100810/>

[[File:Pilatus PC-12 cabin interior.jpg|thumb|Pilatus PC-12 interior cabin]]
The cabin can accommodate up to nine passengers and has a refreshment centre, an enclosed lavatory, and a rear baggage area. Other cabin configurations include executive arrangements, seating between six and eight passengers; a four-seat passenger-cargo combi layout; and an [[air ambulance]] setup housing two litters and three attending medics.<ref name="brochure"/><ref name=FM100810/><ref>[http://www.pilatus-aircraft.com/01-api/00modules/servicebulletins/1.0/servicebulletins/092_2007-10-22_Installation%20of%20a%203-Bench%20Seat%20to%20the%20Executive%20Model_SB25-014.pdf "Pilatus PC-12 Service Bulletin No 25-014, see section 1C(3)."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403002725/http://www.pilatus-aircraft.com/01-api/00modules/servicebulletins/1.0/servicebulletins/092_2007-10-22_Installation%20of%20a%203-Bench%20Seat%20to%20the%20Executive%20Model_SB25-014.pdf |date=2012-04-03 }} ''Pilatus Aircraft'', Retrieved: 6 October 2011.</ref> The interior was designed in conjunction with [[BMW]]'s [[Designworks]] division, making extensive use of [[leather]], fine wood veneers, and various [[textiles]] to create an environment similar to a luxury road vehicle.<ref name="FlyingSept2008"/> An atypically large cargo door is installed to accommodate bulky items, including [[pallet]]ised cargo.<ref name="brochure"/><ref name=FM100810/>

[[File:Pilatus PC-12-45, Jetfly Aviation JP532772.jpg|thumb|A Luxembourg-registered PC-12/45 with doors open]]
The PC-12 incorporates numerous safety measures. The PT6A-67 engine has a reputation for considerable reliability, a factor that has reportedly been decisive to some prospective operators.<ref name=FM100810/> To counteract [[stall (flight)|stall]] and spin conditions, dual angle-of-attack sensors near the wingtips force the stick forwards in advance of a potential stall. For greater redundancy, the PC-12 NG has a complete split-bus dual electrical system similar to modern jet aircraft, in addition to two separate batteries and a third emergency battery.<ref name=FM100810/><ref name="FlyingSept2008"/> The type is certified for flight into known ice conditions; as per standard fit, pneumatic [[de-ice|deicing]] systems are installed in the wings and [[empennage]], while electrical deicing measures are integrated into the windshield, and exhaust heat is used for engine intake deicing.<ref name="FlyingNov1989"/>{{rp|84}} In 2014, ''[[Aviation Week]]'' described the PC-12 as possessing "...comparatively slow take-off and landing speeds, excellent short-field performance, and easy handling characteristics."<ref name="12Upgrade"/>

In addition to its uses as a passenger transport and private aircraft, the PC-12 can be configured as a multimission platform, such as an air ambulance or for conducting [[aerial surveillance|surveillance aircraft]] missions. In the latter role, a retractable [[Electro-optical sensor|electro-optical]]/[[infrared]] sensor may be installed into the aircraft's tail and an operator's console, containing two display monitors, a [[digital video recorder]], communications panel, and expansion bays to accommodate various radios and [[datalink]]s, can be fitted in the main cabin area; the aircraft may be highly customized to meet customer's specific mission requirements.<ref name="pil spect"/><ref>Morrison, Murdo. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/nbaa-pilatus-shows-special-mission-spectre-pc-12-363231/ "NBAA: Pilatus shows special mission Spectre PC-12."] ''Flight International'', 11 October 2011.</ref> In the multimission capacity, the type has seen use by various customers, including the [[Red Cross]], the [[Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia]], the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]], and the [[United States Air Force]].<ref name="brochure"/>

[[File:Pilatus PC-12 PI-02 Turku Airshow 2015 02 weather radar.JPG|thumb|PC-12 [[wingtip device]] and [[weather radar]]]]
The type features a three-axis autopilot as standard, while [[weather radar]], long-range navigation systems, and [[radar altimeter]] are optional.<ref name="FlyingNov1989"/>{{rp|84}} The flight deck of the PC-12 NG is equipped with [[Honeywell]]'s Primus Apex avionics system, consisting of four 10-inch, high-resolution, [[liquid crystal display]] screens, two of which perform as the primary flight displays directly forward of either pilot, the other two being multifunction displays in a central position between the two pilots.<ref name="brochure"/> The Apex system shares many similarities to the flight decks of other business jets and has been designed to minimize crew workload and provide for improved safety during single-pilot operations.<ref name="FlyingSept2008"/> An advanced synthetic vision system, delivering greater situational awareness and safety during [[visual flight rules]] (VFR) flight, is also present.<ref name="brochure"/> The cockpit's layout is optimized for ergonomic and aesthetic appeal, providing similar comfort levels for the flight crew as to the passengers.<ref name="brochure"/><ref name="FlyingOct2006"/> An engine-condition monitoring system is present on the PC-12 NG, automatically monitoring engine parameters and producing relevant warnings, easing preventive maintenance efforts.<ref name="FlyingOct2006"/>

In October 2021, Blackhawk Aerospace announced plans to offer an “XP67P+” upgrade that will be available for many of the legacy PC-12s. The upgrade will replace the stock Pratt and Whitney PTA-67B engine with a factory-new PTA-67P, allowing higher ITT limits, 142 shaft horsepower gains, and max torque to FL230. All factors that will improve the performance of the aircraft, with 25% better climb rates, higher cruise speeds, and several other operational benefits.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-23 |title=Pilatus PC-12— XP67P - Blackhawk Aerospace |url=https://www.blackhawk.aero/upgrade/pilatus-pc-12-xp67p/ |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=www.blackhawk.aero |language=en-US|archive-url= https://archive.today/20221020232642/https://www.blackhawk.aero/upgrade/pilatus-pc-12-xp67p/|archive-date= 20 October 2022|url-status= live}}</ref> Blackhawk announced several deposits for their upgrade at [[National Business Aviation Association|NBAA]]-BACE 2022, and that baseline flight testing has been completed. STC approval for the FAA should happen second quarter 2023 with EASA certification not long after.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Connor |first=Kate |date=2022-10-18 |title=Blackhawk Completes PC-12 Engine Upgrade Program Baseline Flight Testing |url=https://www.avweb.com/air-shows-events/nbaa/blackhawk-completes-pc-12-engine-upgrade-program-baseline-flight-testing/ |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=AVweb |language=en-US|archive-url= https://archive.today/20221020232403/https://www.avweb.com/air-shows-events/nbaa/blackhawk-completes-pc-12-engine-upgrade-program-baseline-flight-testing/|archive-date= 20 October 2022|url-status= live}}</ref>

==Operational history==
===Commercial, corporate and private use===
[[File:Pilatus PC-12-45 AN2111330.jpg|thumb|Two PC-12s parked with a [[Cessna 208 Caravan]] between them]]

Early sales of the PC-12 principally went to utility operators, because Pilatus was reportedly uncertain of the sales potential for business and passenger operators.<ref name="FM100810">{{cite news |author= McClellan, J. Mac |url= http://www.flyingmag.com/pilot-reports/turboprops/value-only-one-engine |title= Pilatus PC-12: The Value of Only One Engine |work= [[Flying (magazine)|Flying]] |date= 10 August 2010 |access-date= 21 February 2016 |archive-date= 26 February 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160226020924/http://www.flyingmag.com/pilot-reports/turboprops/value-only-one-engine |url-status= dead }}</ref> In 1994, the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia became the launch customer of the PC-12. It operates 32 PC-12s throughout Australia to deliver medical services in remote areas.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.flyingdoctor.org.au/about-the-rfds/our-fleet/ |title= Our Fleet |publisher= [[Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia]]}}</ref>

[[File:RA-01505 Nizhny Novgorod Airport 03.jpg|thumb|PC-12 with passengers embarking]]
In 2006, [[Flying (magazine)|''Flying'']] referred to the PC-12 as "...more economical to operate than any turbine airplane of similar size."<ref name="FlyingOct2006"/> In 2007, ''Flying'' described the high rate of value retention on used PC-12s as "unbelievable"—attributing this to the popular demand for the type.<ref name="FlyingSept2007">{{cite news |last1=McClellan |first1= J. Mac |date=September 5, 2007 |title=Best Used Turboprops |url=http://www.flyingmag.com/pilot-reports/turboprops/best-used-turboprops |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014222203/https://www.flyingmag.com/pilot-reports/turboprops/best-used-turboprops/ |archive-date=October 14, 2011 |department=Pilot Reports |magazine=[[Flying (magazine)|Flying]] |publisher=[[Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S.]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> High oil prices are a prominent factor for increasing sales of turboprops, the PC-12 among them.<ref>{{cite news |author= Sobie, Brendan |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/high-oil-prices-lead-to-surge-in-executive-turboprop-317190/ |title= High oil prices lead to surge in executive turboprops |work= Flight International |date= 9 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author= Sarsfield, Kate |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/singles-continue-to-propel-325927/ |title= Singles continue to propel |work= Flight International |date= 4 May 2009}}</ref>

The bulk of demand comes from North America, and three-quarters of PC-12NG sales are in executive configurations.<ref>{{cite web |author= Sarsfield, Kate |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/in-focus-business-jet-manufacturers-turn-a-corner-371247/ |title= Business jet manufacturers turn a corner |work= Flight International |date= 8 May 2012}}</ref> While its price grew from $3.3 million in 2005 to $4.7 million in 2015, it retains 80-85% of its selling price after 10 years given average use, better than comparable turboprop or business jets, and it sells 40% faster.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://pilatusowners.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Enduring-Value-Jan-15-2016-RVA.pdf |title= Pilatus PC-12: Enduring Value |publisher= Rolland Vincent Associates |date= January 2016}}</ref>

Pilatus also uses a series of overseas distributors to market and sell the PC-12 within designated regions. [[AMAC Aerospace]] is the exclusive sales agent for the type within the Middle East.<ref>{{cite news |last1= Mathews |first1= Neelam |title= Amac Opens Istanbul Facility, Prepares for PC-12 Sales |url= http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/2012-05-15/amac-opens-istanbul-facility-prepares-pc-12-sales |work= Aviation International News |date= 15 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1= Sarsfield |first1= Kate |title= MEBA: AMAC and Pilatus join forces to promote PC-12 in Middle East |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/meba-amac-and-pilatus-join-forces-to-promote-pc-12-379981/ |publisher= [[Flightglobal]] |date= 11 December 2012 |location= Dubai}}</ref>

In August 2014, Californian airline [[Surf Air]] placed an order for 15 PC-12 NGs and 50 options, one of the largest contract for the type.<ref>{{cite news |last1= Sarsfield |first1= Kate |title= Surf Air acquires up to 65 PC-12NGs for members only airline |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/surf-air-acquires-up-to-65-pc-12ngs-for-members-only-402752/ |publisher= [[Flightglobal]] |date= 18 August 2014 |location=London}}</ref> [[PlaneSense]], a [[New Hampshire]]-based [[fractional ownership]] company, manages the largest fleet of the type,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.planesense.com/fractional-aircraft-ownership.html |title= Fractional aircraft ownership that make sense |publisher= PlaneSense}}</ref> operating 34 PC-12s as of 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2015-08-15/fractional-profile-planesense-takes-unique-heading |title= Fractional Profile: PlaneSense Takes A Unique Heading |last=Patiky|first=Mark|date= August 15, 2015 |work= Aviation International News}}</ref>

In June 2010, Pilatus announced that the 1,000th PC-12 had been delivered.<ref>{{cite press release |title= Pilatus Delivers the 1000th PC-12 |url= http://www.pilatus-aircraft.com/01-api/00modules/pressarticles/1.0/files/pdf/Pilatus-Aircraft-Ltd-Pilatus-Delivers-1000th-PC-12.pdf |publisher= [[Pilatus Aircraft]] |date= 15 July 2010 |url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110616084915/http://www.pilatus-aircraft.com/01-api/00modules/pressarticles/1.0/files/pdf/Pilatus-Aircraft-Ltd-Pilatus-Delivers-1000th-PC-12.pdf |archive-date= 16 June 2011 }}</ref> By August 2013, the worldwide PC-12 fleet had accumulated a combined total of 4 million flight hours and 1,200 PC-12s had been delivered to customers.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://skiesmag.com/news/article/19637-pilatus-delivers-1200th-pc-12.html |title= Pilatus delivers 1200th PC-12 |work= Skies Magazine |date= 13 August 2013}}</ref> Just over a year after the 1300th, the 1400th PC-12 was delivered in July 2016. As of July 2016, the fleet had accumulated 5.6 million total flight hours since certification and 1 million flight hours for the 630 PC-12 NG since its introduction in 2008.<ref name=1400th>{{cite press release |url= http://www.pilatus-aircraft.com/linkInDirect.php?linkInDirect=actpos:68 |title= Pilatus Delivers 1400th PC-12 and Achieves Major Flight Time Milestone |date= 5 July 2016 |publisher= Pilatus |access-date= 5 July 2016 |archive-date= 9 October 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161009041617/http://www.pilatus-aircraft.com/linkInDirect.php?linkInDirect=actpos:68 |url-status= dead }}</ref> In May 2018, with the fleet having logged over 6.8 million hours, the maintenance interval was raised from 100/150 hours to 300 and a new maintenance plan reduced labor by 20% to 40% to lower direct operating costs.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2018-05-29/pilatus-pc-12-mx-intervals-extended |title= Pilatus PC-12 Mx Intervals Extended |author= Ian Sheppard |date= May 29, 2018 |work= Aviation International News}}</ref>

By 2017, a nine-year-old PC-12 was worth $2.5-2.8 million and 15- to 16-year-old models had a $1.8 million value.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://sherpareport.com/aircraft/costs-pilatus-pc12.html |title= The Costs to Own and Operate a Pilatus PC12 |date= 29 September 2017 |work= SherpaReport}}</ref> Owner-operators account for 20% to 30% of the PC-12 sales, while they fly 90% of all [[SOCATA TBM]]s.<ref name= flight15oct2019>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/flight-test-daher-tbm-940-460842/ |title= FLIGHT TEST: Daher TBM 940 |date= 15 Oct 2019 |author= Mike Gerzanics |work= Flightglobal }}</ref>

By October 2019, the PC-12 fleet surpassed 1,700 aircraft, with more than seven million total flight hours.<ref name=Pilatus22oct2019/> By May 2021, 1,800 had been delivered including 82 in 2020, having flown eight million hours.<ref name=Pilatus4may2021>{{Cite press release |title=Pilatus Delivers 1800th PC-12 |publisher= Pilatus |url=https://www.pilatus-aircraft.com/en/news-events/media-release/pilatus-delivers-1800th-pc-12 |date= 4 May 2021 }}</ref> In May 2023 the fleet reached ten million flight hours, including 9.3 million landings. A total of 71 PC-12s had flown over 20,000 hours each, with the highest time aircraft over 35,000 hours.<ref name="O'Connor01May23">{{cite web|url= https://www.avweb.com/aviation-news/business-aviation-news/pc-12-fleet-passes-ten-million-flight-hour-milestone/|title= PC-12 Fleet Passes Ten Million Flight Hour Milestone|access-date= 1 May 2023|last= O'Connor|first= Kate|work= AVweb|date= 1 May 2023|archive-url= https://archive.today/20230502104934/https://www.avweb.com/aviation-news/business-aviation-news/pc-12-fleet-passes-ten-million-flight-hour-milestone/|archive-date= 2 May 2023|url-status= live}}</ref> On 12 May, the 2,000th was delivered as 80 were built in 2022 and Pilatus held a backlog for 63 units, while 1,889 examples were in service and 31 aircraft in storage.<ref name=Flight15may2023>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/business-aviation/pilatus-celebrates-2000th-delivery-milestone-for-pc-12/153291.article |title= Pilatus celebrates 2,000th delivery milestone for PC-12 |author= Dominic Perry |date= 15 May 2023 |work= Flightglobal }}</ref>

In 2022, [[Tradewind Aviation]] marked a major fleet renewal and expansion program with the purchase of 20 new Pilatus PC-12 NGX aircraft in a deal valued at over $100 million, with deliveries proceeding at 3-4 per year through 2027. The program cements Tradewind's status as the operator of one of the world's largest fleets of Pilatus PC-12s, and the largest available for charter. Tradewind has operated all variants of the PC-12, beginning in 2003.

===Military operations===
[[File:US Air Force U-28A.JPG|thumb|United States Air Force U-28A]]

The PC-12 is Pilatus' first aircraft directed principally at the civil market. Despite the company historically being a military-oriented supplier, military sales for the type were considered a low priority during the early stages of development.<ref name="FlyingNov1989"/>{{rp|82}}

The [[Pilatus U-28 Draco|U-28A Draco]] is the United States Air Force variant of the PC-12 for intratheater support of [[special operations forces]] performing the role of [[Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance|intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance]] (ISR).<ref name="USAFFactSheet">{{cite web |title=U-28A Fact Sheet |work=Air Force |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104607/u-28a-draco/ |publisher=US Air Force |access-date=13 July 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107160818/https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104607/u-28a/ |archive-date=7 January 2019}}</ref> The U-28A is operated by the [[319th Special Operations Squadron]], stationed at [[Hurlburt Field]], [[Florida]], at the headquarters of the [[Air Force Special Operations Command]]. The 34th Special Operations Squadron was activated on 9 April 2010 as the second U-28A unit at Hurlburt Field. Both squadrons operate as part of the [[1st Special Operations Wing]]/ 1st Special Operations Group at Hurlburt Field. The U-28A is also operated by the [[318th Special Operations Squadron]] and the [[310th Special Operations Squadron]] as part of the [[27th Special Operations Wing]] at [[Cannon Air Force Base]], [[New Mexico]].<ref>"New Special Ops PC-12 Unit." ''AirForces Monthly,'' Issue 269, September 2010, p. 21.</ref> In May 2019 the Air Force officially approved the use of the name 'Draco' for the aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afsoc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1881267/afsoc-welcomes-draco-to-the-fleet/|title=AFSOC welcomes "Draco" to the fleet|last=Rolen|first=Staff Sgt. Lynette|date=19 June 2019|website=Air Force Special Operations Command|publisher=US Air Force|language=en-US|access-date=22 June 2019}}</ref>

In August 2022, [[U.S. Special Operations Command]] announced it had selected the [[Air Tractor-L3Harris AT-802U Sky Warden|AT-802U Sky Warden]] for its Armed Overwatch program. The intent is for them to perform ISR and strike missions in uncontested airspace while operating from austere airfields. The Sky Warden will take over combat missions from the U-28A, as it is an aging and expensive aircraft that requires specialized equipment and training to maintain; it will however continue to provide ISR for operations like search and rescue and humanitarian relief after the Sky Warden is delivered.<ref>[https://www.defensenews.com/air/2022/08/01/us-special-operations-command-chooses-l3harris-sky-warden-for-armed-overwatch-effort/ US Special Operations Command chooses L3Harris’ Sky Warden for Armed Overwatch effort]. ''[[Defense News]]''. 1 August 2022.</ref>

The [[Finnish Air Force]] selected the PC-12 NG in 2009 to replace the service's [[Piper PA-31 Navajo|Piper Chieftains]] and [[Valmet L-90 Redigo]]s in a [[liaison aircraft|liaison role]]. The aircraft were handed over to the Air Force in 2010. Six PC-12s are in service with the Finnish Air Force.<ref>[https://ilmavoimat.fi/documents/1951206/2016308/Finnish+Air+Force+Fact+Sheet+-+Pilatus+PC-12+NG+(JAN+18).pdf/37cd924e-0b91-4337-ae25-18277c5e7b1d/Finnish+Air+Force+Fact+Sheet+-+Pilatus+PC-12+NG+(JAN+18).pdf?t=1514888009000 Finnish Air Force Aircraft Fact Sheet: Pilatus PC-12 NG]. 31 October 2022</ref>

==Variants==
;PC-12/41
:Original production variant certified in Switzerland in 1994, it has a Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67B engine, {{convert|4,100|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} maximum takeoff weight, conventional round-dial cockpit.<ref name="PowersAhead">{{cite news|last1=Gerzanics|first1=Mike|title=Upgraded Pilatus PC-12 powers ahead|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/flight-test-upgraded-pilatus-pc-12-powers-ahead-426092/|access-date=6 June 2016|publisher=[[Flightglobal]]|date=6 June 2016|location=Denver}}</ref>
;{{Visible anchor|PC-12/45}}
:Certified in 1996, has a Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67B engine, maximum takeoff weight increased to 4,500 kg (9,921 lb). Any of the original production aircraft can be converted to PC-12/45. Sub-variants called Series 1-10, composed of incremental upgrades to the aircraft. Almost all aircraft have been converted to Series 10 specification.
;{{Visible anchor|PC-12/47}}
:Certified in 2005, has a Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67B engine, maximum takeoff weight increased to 4,740 kg (10,450 lb). The overhead panel and cockpit switch layout was updated, and some other minor changes such as the wingtips, and cabin heating systems.
;{{Visible anchor|PC-12/47E}}
:Variant certified in 2008, has upgraded Honeywell avionics and a Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67P engine. Sometimes known by its trade name PC-12 NG (Next Generation).
;PC-12NGX
:Announced at the October 2019 [[National Business Aviation Association|NBAA]] convention, marketing name for a PC-12/47E with a PT6E-67XP engine with [[Full Authority Digital Engine Control|FADEC]] and [[autothrottle]], 290 kn TAS (537 km/h) cruise, 10% larger windows, redesigned interior, extended maintenance, updated [[Honeywell Primus|Honeywell avionics]].<ref name=Pilatus22oct2019/>
;{{Visible anchor|PC-12/47G}}
:Announced March 14, 2025, the PC-12 PRO features a Garmin GFID 3 (powered by the Garmin G3000 Prime), PC-24 style yokes, amongst additional new features<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3p3SuJpPYU |title=Pilatus Direct – The Most Advanced Single is Coming |date=2025-03-14 |last=Pilatus Aircraft Ltd |access-date=2025-03-14 |via=YouTube}}</ref> including Garmin AutoLand. 
;PC-12M Spectre
:Paramilitary special missions platform marketed in the United States, originally called "Eagle".
;[[Pilatus U-28 Draco|U-28A Draco]]
:[[United States Air Force]] designation for PC-12 modified as special operations surveillance planes.

==Operators==
{{main|List of Pilatus PC-12 operators}}

{{As of|2023|05}}, 2,000 PC-12s have been delivered.<ref name=Flight15may2023/><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.avweb.com/aviation-news/pilatus-delivers-2000th-pc-12/|title= Pilatus Delivers 2,000th PC-12|access-date= 16 May 2023|last= O'Connor|first= Kate|work= AVweb|date= 15 May 2023|archive-url= https://archive.today/20230516111304/https://www.avweb.com/aviation-news/pilatus-delivers-2000th-pc-12/|archive-date= 16 May 2023|url-status= live}}</ref>

== Accidents and incidents ==
{{Expand section|date=July 2025}}
The [[Aviation Safety Network]] Wikibase reports 136 accidents and incidents between 3 February 1998 and 15 December 2023. This includes 106 fatalities which gives an average of {{#expr:106/135round2}} fatalities per accident.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aviation Safety Network > ASN Aviation Safety WikiBase > ASN Aviation Safety Database results |url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/type/PC12/1 |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=data added by users|date=December 2023}}

==Specifications (PC-12NG)==
[[File:M-TOMS (6987213780) (3).jpg|thumb|View from below, gear and flaps up]]
[[File:Pilatus PC-12-45, Lions Air AN0886874.jpg|thumb|Front view, flaps and gear down]]
[[File:Pilatus PC-12 45 Jetfly LX-JFH (7358281460).jpg|thumb|Side view, flaps and gear down]]

{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Pilatus<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.pilatus-aircraft.com/00-def/main/scripts/ckfinder/userfiles/files/Downloads/Brochures/Pilatus-Aircraft-Ltd-PC-12NG-JustTheFacts.pdf |title= PC-12 NG Just The Facts |publisher= Pilatus |date= 20 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161009041729/http://www.pilatus-aircraft.com/00-def/main/scripts/ckfinder/userfiles/files/Downloads/Brochures/Pilatus-Aircraft-Ltd-PC-12NG-JustTheFacts.pdf |archive-date= 9 October 2016}}</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--   General characteristics
-->
|crew=1 or 2
|capacity=6 to 9 passengers seats
|length m=14.4
|length note=
|span m=16.28
|span note=
|height m=4.26
|height note=
|wing area sqm=25.81
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil='''root''': NASA LS(1)-0417MOD; '''tip''': NASA LS(1)-0313<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
|empty weight kg=2810
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=4740
|max takeoff weight note=<br/>
* '''Maximum landing weight:''' {{cvt|4500|kg|0}}
* '''Maximum zero fuel weight:''' {{cvt|4100|kg|0}}
|fuel capacity={{cvt|1226|kg|0}} / {{cvt|1521|L|USgal impgal}}
|more general=
* '''Cabin:''' {{convert|5.16|m|ft}} long, {{convert|1.47|m|ft}} high, up to {{convert|1.52|m|ft}} wide
<!--   Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67P]]
|eng1 type=[[turboprop]] engine
|eng1 shp=1200
|eng1 note=

|prop blade number=4
|prop name=[[Hartzell Propeller]] composite
|prop dia m=2.67
|prop dia note=composite constant-speed fully-feathering reversible propeller
<!--   Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=
|max speed note=
|cruise speed kmh=528
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=124
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|range km=3417
|range note=(HSC, VFR Reserves)
|combat range km=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=9144
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=9.75
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=
|more performance=<br/>
* '''Take-off distance over {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt|793|m|0}}
* '''Landing distance over {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt|661|m|0}}
* '''Fuel consumption:''' {{cvt|250|L/h|USgal/h impgal/h}} ({{cvt|915|km|mi nmi}} trip, including climb, cruise and descent, {{cvt|491|km/h|mph kn}} average block speed)
|avionics= *[[Honeywell Primus]] Apex
}}

==See also==
{{Aircontent
|related=
|similar aircraft=
* [[Aero Ae 270 Spirit]]
* [[Beechcraft Denali]]
* [[Epic E1000]]
* [[Myasishchev M-101T]]
* [[Piper PA-46|Piper Meridian]]
* [[SOCATA TBM]]
|lists=
|see also=
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* Endres, Günter. ''The Illustrated Directory of Modern Commercial Aircraft''. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing, 2001. {{ISBN|0-7603-1125-0}}.

==External links==
{{Commons and category|Pilatus PC-12}}
* {{official website|https://www.pilatus-aircraft.com/en/fly/pc-12}}
* {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/flight-test-new-avionics-aer-at-teh-heart-of-teh-updated-pilatus-pc-12-ng-223616/ |title= Flight Test: Pilatus PC-12NG |date= 12 May 2008 |work= Flight Global}}
* {{cite web |url= http://easa.europa.eu/system/files/dfu/EASA-TCDS-A.089_PC--12_and_variant-04-04112009.pdf |publisher= European Aviation Safety Agency |title= Type Certificate Data Sheet A.089, Issue 04 |date= 4 November 2009}}
* {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/pilatus-bounds-ahead-355621/ |title= Pilatus bounds ahead. |work= Flight International |date= 19 April 2011}}
* {{cite news |last1= Goyer |first1= Robert |date= June 25, 2013 |title= PC-12 Versus the World |url= http://www.flyingmag.com/aircraft/turboprops/pilatus-pc-12-versus-world |magazine= [[Flying (magazine)|Flying]] |publisher= [[Bonnier Corporation]] }}
* {{cite news |last1= Sarsfield |first1= Kate |title= Pilatus introduces enhancements to PC-12 NG |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/pilatus-introduces-enhancements-to-pc-12-ng-395792/ |work= [[Flightglobal]] |date= 11 February 2014 |location=London}}
* {{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/business-aviation/pilot-report-pilatus-pc-12-ng |title= Pilot Report: Pilatus PC-12 NG Faster and farther, more capable and more comfortable |date= Apr 27, 2016 |author= Fred George |work= Business & Commercial Aviation}}

{{Pilatus aircraft}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pilatus PC-12}}
[[Category:Pilatus aircraft|PC-12]]
[[Category:1990s Swiss airliners]]
[[Category:1990s Swiss civil utility aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:T-tail aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1991]]
[[Category:Single-engined turboprop aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]