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{{about|the viceroy|the ship HTMS ''Pin Klao''|USS Hemminger|the bridge|Phra Pin-klao Bridge}}
{{Infobox royalty
| image        = Pinklao.jpg
| caption      = Pinklao in western style (French) naval uniform
| name         = {{ubl|Pinklao|{{langn|th|ปิ่นเกล้า}}}}
| succession   = [[Front Palace|Viceroy of Siam]]
| reign        = 25 May 1851 – 7 January 1866
| reign-type   = Tenure
| coronation   = [[Mongkut]] (Rama IV)
| cor-type     = Appointer
| predecessor  = [[Sakdiphonlasep]]
| successor    = [[Wichaichan]] (Yodyingyot)
| birth_name   = Prince Chutamani
| birth_date   = {{birth date|df=y|1808|9|4}}
| birth_place  = [[Thonburi]], [[Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)|Siam]]
| death_date   = {{death date and age|df=y|1866|1|7|1808|9|4}}
| death_place  = [[Bangkok]], Siam
| spouse       = {{ubl|Chao Chom Manda Klib<ref>วิบูล วิจิตรวาทการ. ''สตรีสยามในอดีต''. พิมพ์ครั้งที่ 3. กรุงเทพฯ:เดือนตุลา. 2542, p. 245</ref>|Various consorts}}
| issue        = 58 sons and daughters, including:<br>[[Wichaichan|Yodyingyot]], Prince Bowon Wichaichan
| house        = [[Chakri dynasty|Chakri]]
| father       = [[Rama II|Phutthaloetlanaphalai]] (Rama II)
| mother       = [[Sri Suriyendra]]
| religion     = [[Theravada Buddhism]]
}}
[[File:Standard of Pinklao, Second King of Siam.svg|thumb|Standard of Pinklao, the Second King of Siam]]
'''Pinklao''' ({{langx|th|ปิ่นเกล้า}}; 4 September 1808 – 7 January 1866) was the [[Front Palace|viceroy]] of [[Siam]]. He was the younger brother of [[Mongkut]] (Rama IV), who invested him with royal rank and honours equal to his own.

==Early life==
Pinklao was born to Prince [[Rama II|Itsarasunthon]] and Princess [[Sri Suriyendra|Bunrot]] at the [[Thonburi Palace|Phra Racha Wang Derm]] (Thonburi Palace). He was the younger brother of Prince Mongkut, who was seven years his senior. In 1809, when Prince Itsarasunthon ascended the throne as [[Rama II of Siam|King Rama II]], his mother was elevated as Queen [[Sri Suriyendra]], and the family moved to the [[Grand Palace]].

The government of Rama II, however, was dominated by [[Thai royal ranks and titles#Krom|''Kromma Meun'']] Chetsadabodin, his son with [[Sri Sulalai]]. In 1824, Mongkut became a monk according to Thai traditions. However, Rama II fell ill and died in the same year. The nobility, led by ''Chao Phraya'' Abhay Pudhorn, the [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]], and [[Prayurawongse]], the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Thailand)#History|Minister of Foreign Affairs]], supported Chetsadabodin for the throne as he proved competent to rule. Chetsadabodin was crowned as [[Rama III]].

Prince Mongkut then stayed in his monkhood to avoid political intrigues. Prince Chutamani, however, entered the government under Nangklao and was awarded the title "Kromma Khun Isaret-rangsant". ''Kromma Khun'' Isaret moved to the Thonburi Palace, where he lived with his mother Queen Sri Suriyendra until her death in 1836.

The young prince was, as was his elder brother, well disposed towards foreigners. In 1833 at age 25 and known to [[Edmund Roberts (diplomat)|diplomatist Edmund Roberts]] as Chow-Phoi-Noi or ''Mom-fa-Noi'', the prince secretly visited the mission house during Roberts' negotiations for the [[Siamese–American Treaty of Amity and Commerce]], the United States' first treaty with Thailand. The prince was pleased and gratified with a nighttime visit to the man-of-war [[USS Peacock (1813)#Diplomatic missions|''Peacock'']], during which the men mustered to quarters for naval exercises. Roberts stated that the prince spoke and wrote the English language with considerable fluency, and his pronunciation was correct.<ref name="Roberts">{{cite book |last=Roberts |first=Edmund |author-link=Edmund Roberts (diplomat) |title=Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat: in the U.S. sloop-of-war ''Peacock'' ... during the years 1832–3–4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aSgPAAAAYAAJ |date=12 October 2007 |orig-year=1837 |publisher=Harper & Brothers |oclc=12212199 |pages=300–301 |chapter=Chapter XIX — Government of Siam |isbn=9780608404066 |access-date=25 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="Rusch">{{cite book |last=Ruschenberger |first=William Samuel Waithman |title=A Voyage Round the World: Including an Embassy to Muscat and Siam in 1835, 1836 and 1837 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyageroundwor00ruscgoog |date=24 July 2007 |orig-year=1837 |publisher=Harper & Brothers |oclc=12492287 |page=295 |access-date=25 April 2012}}</ref>

==Reign with Mongkut==
[[File:Phrapinklaouparat0906.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Statue of Phra Pinklao, viceroy of King Mongkut, near National Theatre]]
Nangklao died in 1851. ''Kromma Khun'' Isaret was at the time the [[heir presumptive]] to the throne, but the return and claim of his brother Prince Mongkut was stronger. Mongkut was then crowned on 25 May 1851, with the support of the nobility. Concurrently Prince Isaret was crowned as ''[[Uparaja]]'' Pinklao with equal honor to Mongkut. In practice, Pinklao held the title of Lord of the [[Front Palace]]. The popular legend holds that Mongkut's own astrological calculations stated that his brother Prince Isaret also held the "fate to become a king". As a result, he gave Pinklao the same styles and title normally reserved for a King such as ''Phrabat Somdet'' and ''Chao Yu Hua'': ''Phrabat Somdet Phra Pinklao Chao Yu Hua''. David Wyatt considers his appointment a way of Mongkut's to prevent Pinklao from challenging his own position.<ref>[[David K. Wyatt|Wyatt, David]]. ''Thailand: A Short History''. Yale University Press, 1984. {{ISBN|0-300-03582-9}}. (p. 167)</ref> Nevertheless, the relationship between the brothers remained peaceful and good throughout Mongkut's reign.

The government under Mongkut was, however, in the strong hands of [[Prayurawongse]] and Pichaiyat, the former as Chief Minister of Siam. Interference from both King and Vice King was therefore minimal. Expanding his interests to foreign affairs Pinklao, who was known for his fluency in the English language was able to respond to the letters of [[John Bowring]]. In the letters, he referred himself as ''the Second king'' and his brother as ''the First king''. As a result, Pinklao was able to play a great role in the negotiation of the [[Bowring Treaty]] of 1855, as well as a role in the subsequent negotiation of the [[Townsend Harris#Harris Treaty of 1856 with Siam|Harris Treaty of 1856]] that updated the Roberts treaty of 1833.

As the second monarch and Front Palace lord, Pinklao maintained his own private army, and a navy of several modern ships. It was during this time that the power of the Front Palace greatly expanded. Apart from state affairs, Pinklao was interested in both western and Lao culture, speaking English, drilling his troops in European fashion, singing, dancing, and playing the ''[[khene]]'' to ''[[mor lam]]'' music.

Pinklao died on 7 January 1866, predeceasing his brother by two years. His nephew the 15-year-old [[Chulalongkorn]] (son of Mongkut), succeeded to the throne in 1868 and Regent [[Somdet Chaophraya Sri Suriwongse]] arranged the title of Front Palace lord to be succeeded by Pinklao's son with Princess Aim, Prince Yingyot, later [[Wichaichan]].

{{multiple image
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| footer = Personal seals of Pinklao, the Second King of Siam
| footer_align = left
| image1 = Privy Seal of Pinklao, Second King of Siam (circular).svg
| width1 = 200
| caption1 = 
| image2 = Privy Seal of Pinklao, Second King of Siam.svg
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}}

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Pinklao'''
|2= 2. [[Buddha Loetla Nabhalai]]
|3= 3. [[Sri Suriyendra]]
|4= 4. [[Phutthayotfa Chulalok]] 
|5= 5. [[Amarindra]]
|6= 6. Ngeon Saetan (Bhamornsut)
|7= 7. Kaew, Princess Sri Sudarak
|8= 8. (= 14.) Thongdi, Prince Father
|9= 9. (= 15.) Yok or Daorueng (Chinese Descent)
|10= 10. Thong Na Bangxang
|11= 11. Princess Rupsirisobhak Mahanagnari
|12= 12. Unknown<br />Chinese from [[Chen (surname)|Tan clan]]
|13= 13. Unknown<br />Lady Noi Chamnanborirak's sister
|14= 14. (= 8.) Thongdi, Prince Father
|15= 15. (= 9.) Yok or Daorueng (Chinese Descent)
}}

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
{{Commons category|Pinklao}}
*[http://www.wangdermpalace.com/kingpinklao/eng_pinklao.html Website of the Phra Racha Wang Derm Restoration Foundation]
* {{cite book | author = Amphan Tanthawatthana | title = Ancestors and Descendants of King Pinklao | url = http://dl.parliament.go.th/bitstream/handle/lirt/371978/2515_ราชสกุลวงศ์_พระปวเรนทราเมศ_อำพัน.pdf | language = th | publisher = n.p. | location = Bangkok | year = 1972 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Chakri dynasty|House of Chakri]]|4 September|1808|7 January|1866}}
{{s-reg}}
|-
{{s-vac|last=[[Sakdiphonlasep]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Front Palace|Viceroy of Siam]]|years=25 May 1851 – 7 January 1866}}
{{s-vac|next=[[Wichaichan]]}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-new|first}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Commanders of the Royal Thai Navy|Commander of the Front Palace Navy]]|years=1851–1866}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Wichaichan]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Front Palace and Rear Palace of the Chakri Dynasty}}
{{Rattanakosin}}
{{Thai princes}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pinklao}}
[[Category:Thai male Chao Fa]]
[[Category:19th-century Chakri dynasty]]
[[Category:1808 births]]
[[Category:1866 deaths]]
[[Category:Front Palaces]]
[[Category:Thai people of Mon descent]]
[[Category:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis]]
[[Category:Tuberculosis deaths in Thailand]]
[[Category:Sons of kings]]
[[Category:Heirs presumptive]]