View source for Pinoy

{{Short description|Colloquial demonym of the Philippines}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=January 2023}}
{{italics title}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2023}}
[[File:PinoyFTM at the 2016 Metro Manila LGBT Pride March.jpg|alt=A gathering of Filipinos holding a sign that identifies them as "Pinoy" |thumb|A gathering of Filipinos holding a sign with the word "Pinoy", 2016]]

'''''Pinoy''''' ({{IPAc-en|p|ɪ|ˈ|n|ɔɪ}} or {{IPAc-en|p|iː|ˈ|n|ɔɪ}}<ref>{{Cite OED|Pinoy|access-date=30 September 2024}}</ref> {{IPA|tl|pɪˈnɔi|lang}}) is a common informal [[Endonym and exonym|self-reference]] used by [[Filipinos]] to refer to citizens of the [[Philippines]] and their culture as well as to [[overseas Filipinos]] in the Filipino diaspora.<ref name="Pinay Power" />{{page needed|date=October 2020}}<ref name="Culture and Customs">{{cite book |last=Rodell |first=Paul A. |title=Culture and Customs of the Philippines |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9780313304156 |pages=218 |year=2001 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y1CVR74_KHQC |access-date=August 18, 2008}}</ref> A Pinoy who has any non-Filipino foreign ancestry, particularly white ancestry, is often informally called ''Tisoy'', derived from Spanish ''[[mestizo]]''.

Many Filipinos refer to themselves as ''Pinoy'', sometimes the feminine '''''Pinay''''' ({{IPAc-en|p|ɪ|ˈ|n|aɪ}} {{IPA|tl|pɪ'nai|lang}}), instead of the standard term ''Filipino''.<ref name="Pinay Power" />{{page needed|date=October 2020}} '''''Filipino''''' is the widespread formal word used to call a citizen of the Philippines. ''Pinoy'' is formed by taking the last four letters of ''Filipino'' and adding the diminutive suffix -y in the [[Tagalog language]] (the suffix is commonly used in Filipino nicknames: e.g. "Noynoy" or "Kokoy" or "Toytoy"). ''Pinoy'' was used for [[self-identification]] by the first wave of Filipinos going to the continental United States before [[World War II]] and has been used both in a pejorative sense and as a term of endearment.<ref name="The Filipino Americans">{{cite book |last=Posadas |first=Barbara Mercedes |title=The Filipino Americans |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9780313297427 |page=[https://archive.org/details/filipinoamerican00posa/page/165 165] |year=1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/filipinoamerican00posa |url-access=registration |access-date=August 18, 2008}}</ref><ref name="Crossing Lines">{{cite book |last=Coronadon |first=Marc |title=Crossing Lines: Race and Mixed Race Across the Geohistorical Divide |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9780970038418 |page=91 |year=2004 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=psydQ_VWwN8C |access-date=August 18, 2008}}</ref><ref name="The Asian Pacific American">{{cite book |last=Leonard |first=George |title=The Asian Pacific American Heritage: A Companion to Literature and Arts |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9780815329800 |page=484 |year=1999 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzipfA-IyccC |access-date=August 18, 2008}}</ref>

''Pinoy'' was created to differentiate the experiences of those immigrating to the [[United States]], but is now a slang term used to refer to all people of Filipino descent.<ref name="Pinay Power"/>{{page needed|date=October 2020}} "Pinoy music" impacted the socio-political climate of the 1970s and was employed by both Philippine president [[Ferdinand Marcos]] and the [[People Power Revolution]] that overthrew his regime. Recent mainstream usages tend to center on entertainment (''[[Pinoy Big Brother]]'') that can be watched on Pinoy Tambayan<ref name="Pinoy Tambayan">{{cite web|url=https://pinoynetworktambayan.net/|title=Pinoy TV website to watch all Pinoy Tambayan shows of Pinoy Channel|work=Pinoy TV Shows|access-date=September 16, 2019|archive-date=July 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727115513/https://pinoynetworktambayan.net/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and music (''[[Pinoy Idol]]''), which have played a significant role in developing national and cultural identity.

==Etymology==
The term ''Pinoy'' was coined by expatriate [[Filipino Americans]] during the 1920s and was later adopted by Filipinos in the Philippines. According to historian [[Dawn Mabalon]], the historical use has been to refer to Filipinos born or living in the United States and has been in constant use since the 1920s. She adds that it was reclaimed and politicized by "Filipino American activists and artists in the FilAm movements of the 1960s/1970s".<ref name="Pinay Power">{{cite book |last=de Jesus |first=Melinda L. |title=Pinay Power: Feminist Critical Theory : Theorizing the Filipina/American Experience |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415949828 |date=2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lZBJvrkItwC |access-date=August 18, 2008 |page=14}}</ref><ref name="Culture and Customs" />

==Earliest usages==
The earliest known usages of ''Pinoy''/''Pinay'' in magazines and newspapers date to the 1920s include taking on social issues facing Pinoy, casual mentions of Pinoys at events, while some are advertisements from [[Hawaii]] from Filipinos themselves.<ref name="Much Ado About Pinoy"/><ref name="Pinoys search">{{cite web |title=''Pinoys'' search of The United States and its Territories, 1870 – 1925: The Age of Imperialism |publisher=University of Michigan |date=1920s |url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=philamer&cc=philamer&type=simple&rgn=full+text&q1=pinoys&cite1=&cite1restrict=author&cite2=&cite2restrict=author&singlegenre=All&firstpubl1=1814&firstpubl2=2004&Submit=Search |access-date=August 18, 2008}}</ref><ref name="Pinoy search">{{cite web |title=''Pinoy'' search of The United States and its Territories, 1870 – 1925: The Age of Imperialism |publisher=University of Michigan |date=1920s |url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=philamer&cc=philamer&type=boolean&rgn=pages&q1=pinoy&op2=and&q2=&op3=and&q3=&cite1=&cite1restrict=author&cite2=&cite2restrict=author&singlegenre=All&firstpubl1=1814&firstpubl2=2004&Submit=Search |access-date=August 18, 2008}}</ref> The following are the more notable earliest usages:

===United States===
In the United States, the earliest published usage known is in a ''Republic'' article written in January 1924 by Dr. J. Juliano, a member of the faculty of the Schurz school in Chicago – "Why does a Pinoy take it as an insult to be taken for a [[Shinto]]ist or a [[Confucianism|Confucian]]?" and "What should a Pinoy do if he is addressed as a [[Chinese people|Chinese]] or a [[Jap]]?"<ref name="Much Ado About Pinoy">{{cite web |last=Sundita |first=Christopher |title=Much Ado About Pinoy |publisher=Salita Blog |date=March 12, 2006 |url=http://salitablog.blogspot.com/2006_03_01_archive.html |access-date=August 18, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Juliano |first=Dr. J. |title=Reflections of a "Traveler": How Long Will I Stay In America? Will I Marry An American Girl? |publisher=Philippine Republic, University of Michigan, Collection: The United States and its Territories, 1870 – 1925: The Age of Imperialism |page=17 |date=January 1924 |url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer;cc=philamer;q1=pinoy;rgn=full%20text;idno=ACC6198.1924.001;didno=ACC6198.1924.001;view=image;seq=00000041 |access-date=August 18, 2008}}</ref>

According to the late Filipino-American historian Dawn Bohulano Mabalon, another early attestation of the terms "Pinoy" and "Pinay" was in a 1926 issue of the ''Filipino Student Bulletin''. The article that featured the terms is titled "Filipino Women in U.S. Excel in Their Courses: Invade Business, Politics."<ref>Dawn Mabalon, Little Manila is in the Heart (Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2013), 20, 37.</ref>

===Philippines===
In the Philippines, the earliest published usage known is from December 1926, in ''History of the Philippine Press'', which briefly mentions a weekly Spanish-[[Visayans|Visayan]]-English publication called ''Pinoy'' based in [[Capiz]] and published by the Pinoy Publishing Company.<ref name="Much Ado About Pinoy"/><ref name="History of the Philippine Press">{{cite book |last=Taylor |first=Carson |title=History of the Philippine Press |publisher=University of Michigan, Collection: The United States and its Territories, 1870 – 1925: The Age of Imperialism |page=59 |year=1927 |url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer;cc=philamer;q1=pinoy;rgn=full%20text;idno=ACR6448.0001.001;didno=ACR6448.0001.001;view=image;seq=00000063 |access-date=August 18, 2008}}, ''Pinoy''’s publication date is December 27, 1926. The publisher was Pinoy Publishing Company. Other than that, there's no further information.</ref> In 1930, the [[Manila]]-based magazine ''Khaki and Red: The Official Organ of the Constabulary and Police'' printed an article about street gangs stating "another is the 'Kapatiran' gang of Intramuros, composed of patrons of pools rooms who banded together to 'protect pinoys' from the abusive American soldados."<ref name="Much Ado About Pinoy"/><ref name="Khaki and Red">{{cite book |title=Khaki and Red: The Official Organ of the Constabulary and Police |publisher=University of Michigan, Collection: The United States and its Territories, 1870 – 1925: The Age of Imperialism |pages=6 |date=October 1930 |volume=10 |issue=10 |url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer;cc=philamer;q1=pinoy;rgn=full%20text;idno=ACR6448.0001.001;didno=ACR6448.0001.001;view=image;seq=00000063 |access-date=August 18, 2008}}</ref>

==Motivations==
{{Further|Languages of the Philippines|Philippine languages}}
[[Image:Phillanguages.jpg|right|thumb|Map of the dominant [[Ethnic groups in the Philippines|ethnolinguistic groups of the Philippines]]]]
The desire to self-identify can likely be attributed to the diverse and independent history of the [[island country|archipelagic country]] – comprising 7,107 islands in the western [[Pacific Ocean]] – which [[history of the Philippines|trace back 30,000 years]] before being colonized by [[Spain]] in the 16th century and later occupied by the [[United States]], which led to the outbreak of the [[Philippine–American War]] (1899–1902).<ref name="uslc-3">{{cite book |editor-last=Dolan |editor-first=Ronald E. |chapter=Early History |chapter-url=http://countrystudies.us/philippines/3.htm |url=https://archive.org/details/philippinescount00dola |title=Philippines: A Country Study |location=Washington |publisher=GPO for the Library of Congress |isbn=978-0-8444-0748-7 |year=1991}}</ref> The [[Commonwealth of the Philippines]] was established in 1935 with the country gaining its independence in 1946 after hostilities in the [[Pacific War|Pacific Theatre]] of the [[Second World War]] had ended.<ref name="About">{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.ph/aboutphil/general.asp |title=General information |publisher=Government of the Philippines |access-date=October 1, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155742/http://www.gov.ph/aboutphil/general.asp |archive-date=September 30, 2007 }} &nbsp; {{cite web |url=http://www.gov.ph/ |title=Official Website |publisher=Government of the Philippines |access-date=October 1, 2007 |archive-date=February 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224035104/http://www.nhi.gov.ph//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Philippines have over 170 languages indigenous to the area, most of which belong to the [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]] branch of the [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian language family]]. In 1939, then-president [[Manuel L. Quezon]] renamed the [[Tagalog language]] as the ''Wikang Pambansa'' ("national language").<ref name=Gonzalez1998>{{Cite journal |author=Andrew Gonzalez |year=1998 |title=The Language Planning Situation in the Philippines |journal=Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development |volume=19 |issue=5, 6 |url=http://www.multilingual-matters.net/jmmd/019/0487/jmmd0190487.pdf |access-date=March 24, 2007 |pages=487–525 |doi=10.1080/01434639808666365 }}</ref> The language was further renamed in 1959 as ''Filipino'' by Secretary of Education Jose Romero. The 1973 constitution declared the [[Filipino language]] to be co-official, along with English, and mandated the development of a [[national language]] to be known as [[Filipino language|Filipino]]. Since then, the two official languages are [[Filipino language|Filipino]] and English.<ref name=CIAfactbook>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/philippines/ |title=World Factbook — Philippines |publisher=CIA |access-date=July 24, 2008}}</ref>

As of 2003 there are more than eleven million [[overseas Filipino]]s worldwide, equivalent to about 11% of the total population of the [[Philippines]].<ref name=PRB2003>{{cite web |url=http://www.prb.org/Articles/2003/RapidPopulationGrowthCrowdedCitiesPresentChallengesinthePhilippines.aspx |title=Rapid Population Growth, Crowded Cities Present Challenges in the Philippines |author=Yvette Collymore |date=June 2003 |publisher=Population Reference Bureau |quote=An estimated 10 percent of the country's population, or nearly 8 million people, are overseas Filipino workers distributed in 182 countries, according to POPCOM. That is in addition to the estimated 3 million migrants who work illegally abroad |access-date=August 14, 2007 |archive-date=February 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216053330/http://www.prb.org/Articles/2003/RapidPopulationGrowthCrowdedCitiesPresentChallengesinthePhilippines.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Notable literature==
''Pinoy'' is first used by Filipino poet [[Carlos Bulosan]], in his 1946 [[autobiography|semi-autobiography]], ''[[America Is in the Heart]]'' – "The Pinoys work every day in the fields but when the season is over their money is in the Chinese vaults."<ref name="Much Ado About Pinoy"/><ref name="America is in the Heart">{{cite book |last=Bulosan |first=Carlos |title=America is in the Heart: A Personal History |publisher=Harcourt, Brace and company |date=January 1924 |url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer;cc=philamer;q1=pinoy;rgn=full%20text;idno=ACC6198.1924.001;didno=ACC6198.1924.001;view=image;seq=00000041 |access-date=August 18, 2008}}</ref> The book describes his childhood in the [[Philippines]], his voyage to [[United States|America]], and his years as an itinerant [[laborer]] following the harvest trail in the rural West.<ref name="America is in the Heart"/> It has been used in American [[ethnic studies]] courses to illustrate the racism experienced by thousands of Filipino laborers during the 1930s and 40s in the United States.

==Pinoy music==
{{further|Pinoy rock|Pinoy hip-hop|Music of the Philippines}}
In the early 1970s, Pinoy music or "[[Pinoy pop]]" emerged, often sung in [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] – it was a mix of rock, folk and ballads – marking a political use of music similar to early [[hip hop music|hip hop]] but transcending class.<ref name="Dance of Life">{{cite book |last=Lockard |first=Craig A. |title=Dance of Life: Popular Music and Politics in Southeast Asia |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=9780824819187 |year=1998 |url=https://archive.org/details/danceoflifepopul00lock_0 |url-access=registration |access-date=August 18, 2008 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/danceoflifepopul00lock_0/page/135 135]–151}}</ref> The music was a "conscious attempt to create a Filipino national and popular culture" and it often reflected social realities and problems.<ref name="Dance of Life"/> As early as 1973, the [[Juan de la Cruz Band]] was performing "Ang Himig Natin" ("Our Music"), which is widely regarded as the first example of [[Pinoy rock]].<ref name="Culture and Customs 186">{{cite book |last=Rodell |first=Paul A. |title=Culture and Customs of the Philippines |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9780313304156 |page=186 |year=2001 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y1CVR74_KHQC |access-date=August 18, 2008}}</ref> "Pinoy" gained popular currency in the late 1970s in the Philippines when a surge in [[patriotism]] made a hit song of Filipino folk singer [[Heber Bartolome]]'s "Tayo'y mga Pinoy" ("We are Pinoys"). This trend was followed by Filipino rapper [[Francis Magalona]]'s "Mga Kababayan Ko" ("My Countrymen") in the 1990s and Filipino rock band [[Bamboo (Filipino band)|Bamboo]]'s "Noypi" ("Pinoy" in reversed syllables) in the 2000s. Nowadays, ''Pinoy'' is used as an adjective to some terms highlighting their relationship to the [[Philippines]] or [[Filipino people|Filipinos]]. [[Pinoy rock]] was soon followed by [[Pinoy folk]] and later, Pinoy jazz.<ref name="Dance of Life"/> Although the music was often used to express opposition to then [[President of the Philippines|Philippine president]] [[Ferdinand Marcos]] and his use of [[martial law]] and the creating of the [[Batasang Bayan]], many of the songs were more subversive and some just instilled national pride. Perhaps because of the cultural affirming nature and many of the songs seemingly being non-threatening, the Marcos administration ordered radio stations to play at least one – and later, three – Pinoy songs each hour.<ref name="Dance of Life"/> Pinoy music was greatly employed both by Marcos and political forces who sought to overthrow him.<ref name="Dance of Life"/>

==See also==
* [[Tisoy]]
* [[Demographics of the Philippines]]
* [[Ethnic groups in the Philippines]]
* [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Philippines topics}}
{{Ethnic groups in the Philippines}}

[[Category:Culture of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Filipino slang]]
[[Category:Ethnic and religious slurs]]
[[Category:Filipino diaspora]]
[[Category:Demonyms]]
[[Category:Ethnonyms]]