View source for Pittsburgh

{{Short description|Second-most populous city in Pennsylvania, U.S.}}
{{About|the city in Pennsylvania|the region|Greater Pittsburgh|other uses|Pittsburgh (disambiguation)}}
{{Distinguish|Pittsburg (disambiguation){{!}}Pittsburg}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Pittsburgh
| settlement_type    = [[City (Pennsylvania)|City]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
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  | image1             = Duquesne Incline (50076338942) (cropped).jpg
  | alt1               = Pittsburgh Skyline
  | caption1           = [[Downtown Pittsburgh]]
  | image2             = Ascending the Duquesne Incline.jpg
  | alt2               = Duquesne Incline
  | caption2           = [[Duquesne Incline]]
  | image3             = Phipps Conservatory winter 2015 welcome center.jpg
  | alt3               = Phipps Conservatory
  | caption3           = [[Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens]]
  | image4             = Lawrenceville.jpg
  | alt4               = Lawrenceville
  | caption4           = [[Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh)|Lawrenceville]]
  | image5             = Pittsburgh Pirates park (Unsplash).jpg
  | alt5               = PNC Park
  | caption5           = [[PNC Park]]
  | image6             = CathoLearn.jpg
  | alt6               = Cathedral of Learning
  | caption6           = [[Cathedral of Learning]]
  | image7             = Carnegie Music Hall Pittsburgh 2.jpg
  | alt7               = Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh
  | caption7           = [[Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh]]
  }}
| image_flag         = Flag of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.svg
| flag_size          = 120px
| flag_link          = Flag of Pittsburgh
| image_shield       = Coat of arms of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.svg
| shield_link        = Seal of Pittsburgh
| image_seal         = Great Seal of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.svg
| nicknames           = [[Nicknames of Pittsburgh|City of Bridges, Steel City,<br />City of Champions, The 'Burgh, The Paris of Appalachia]]
| motto              = ''Benigno Numine'' ("With the benevolent deity")
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| map_caption        = Interactive map of Pittsburgh
| pushpin_map        = Pennsylvania#USA
| pushpin_relief     = yes
| coordinates        = {{Coord|40|26|23|N|79|58|35|W|region:US-PA_type:city(303,000)|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{Flagu|United States}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Pennsylvania|County]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{flag|Pennsylvania}}
| subdivision_name2  = [[Allegheny County, Pennsylvania|Allegheny]]
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = {{Start date and age|1758|11|27}} (fort)
| established_title1 = [[Municipal incorporation]]
| established_date1  = {{plainlist|
* {{Start date and age|1794|04|22}} (borough)
* {{Start date and age|1816|03|18}} (city)}}
| founder            = [[John Forbes (British Army officer)|John Forbes]]
| named_for          = [[William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham]]
| government_type    = [[Mayor-council government|Mayor-council]]
| leader_title       = [[Mayor of Pittsburgh|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Ed Gainey]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
| leader_title1      = [[Pittsburgh City Council|City Council]]
| leader_name1       = {{Collapsible list
| frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
 |list_style = text-align:left;
| 1 = Bobby Wilson
| 2 = Theresa Kail-Smith
| 3 = Robert Charland III
| 4 = Anthony Coghill
| 5 = Barbara Greenwood Warwick
| 6 = Daniel Lavelle (President)
| 7 = Deborah Gross
| 8 = Erika Strassburger
| 9 = Khari Mosley
}}
| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web |title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory |url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='42'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=October 16, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi   = 58.35
| area_total_km2     = 151.12
| area_land_sq_mi    = 55.38
| area_land_km2      = 143.42
| area_water_sq_mi   = 2.97
| area_water_km2     = 7.70
| elevation_min_ft   = 710
| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
| population_total   = 302,971
| pop_est_as_of      = 2024
| population_est     = 307,668 {{gain}}
| pop_est_footnotes  = <ref name="USCensusQuickFacts">{{cite web |title=Pittsburgh city, Pennsylvania |work=QuickFacts |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/pittsburghcitypennsylvania |access-date=May 15, 2025 }}</ref>
| population_density_sq_mi = auto
| population_rank    = [[List of United States cities by population|67th]] in the United States<br>[[List of municipalities in Pennsylvania|2nd]] in Pennsylvania
| population_urban   = 1,745,039 ([[List of United States urban areas|US: 30th]])
| population_density_urban_km2 = 743.1
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 1,924.7
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="2020Pop">{{cite web |title=2020 Population and Housing State Data |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=November 14, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Deto |first1=Ryan |title=Lawrence County added to Pittsburgh metro area |url=https://triblive.com/local/regional/lawrence-county-added-to-pittsburgh-metro-area/ |website=TribLIVE.com |access-date=January 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811122527/https://triblive.com/local/regional/lawrence-county-added-to-pittsburgh-metro-area/ |archive-date=August 11, 2023 |date=August 8, 2023 |quote=the Pittsburgh metro area now includes eight counties: Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Lawrence, Washington and Westmoreland}}</ref>
| population_metro   = 2,429,917 ([[List of metropolitan statistical areas|US: 28th]])
| population_demonym = Pittsburgher, [[Yinzer]]
| demographics_type2 = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|title= Total Real Gross Domestic Product for Pittsburgh, PA (MSA) |url= https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RGMP38300 |website= fred.stlouisfed.org}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = Pittsburgh (MSA)
| demographics2_info1 = $159.6 billion (2023)
<!-- General information --------------->| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP Code]]
| postal_code        = {{Collapsible list |title=76 ZIP Codes:|15122, 15201-15244, 15250-15255, 15257-15262, 15264-15265, 15267-15268, 15270, 15272, 15274-15279, 15281-15283, 15286, 15289-15290, 15295}}
| area_codes         = [[Area code 412|412]], [[Area code 724|724]], [[Area code 878|878]]
| website            = {{Official URL}}
| footnotes          = {{designation list|embed=yes|designation1=Pennsylvania|designation1_date=1946<ref name="PAHMDB">{{cite web |url=http://www.phmc.pa.gov/Preservation/Historical-Markers/Pages/Approved-Markers.aspx |title=Approved Markers |work=Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission |publisher=Commonwealth of Pennsylvania |access-date=December 26, 2018}}</ref>}}
| elevation_max_ft   = 1370
| timezone           = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern Standard Time]]
| utc_offset         = −5
| timezone_DST       = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern Daylight Time]]
| utc_offset_DST     = −4
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 42-61000
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS feature ID]]
| blank1_info        = 1213644
}}

'''Pittsburgh''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ɪ|t|s|b|ɜːr|ɡ}} {{Respell|PITS|burg}}) is a city in [[Allegheny County, Pennsylvania]], United States, and its [[county seat]]. Located in [[Western Pennsylvania|southwestern Pennsylvania]] where the [[Allegheny River|Allegheny]] and [[Monongahela River|Monongahela]] Rivers meet to form the [[Ohio River]], it had a population of 302,971 at the 2020 census, making it the [[List of municipalities in Pennsylvania#Municipalities|second-most populous city]] in Pennsylvania. The [[Greater Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh metropolitan area]] has over 2.43 million people, making it the largest in the Ohio Valley and [[Appalachia]], the [[Pennsylvania metropolitan areas|second-largest in Pennsylvania]], and the [[List of metropolitan statistical areas|28th-largest in the U.S.]] The greater [[Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistical area|Pittsburgh–Weirton–Steubenville combined statistical area]] includes parts of [[Ohio]] and [[West Virginia]].

Pittsburgh is known as "the Steel City" for its dominant role in the [[history of the iron and steel industry in the United States|history of the U.S. steel industry]].<ref name="Pittsburgh Names">{{Pittsburgh Names}}</ref> It developed as a vital link of the [[Mid-Atlantic states|Atlantic coast]] and [[Mid-west#European exploration and early settlement|Midwest]], as the mineral-rich [[Allegheny Mountains]] led to the region being contested by the [[First French colonial empire|French]] and [[British Empire|British]] empires, [[Colony of Virginia|Virginians]], [[Whiskey Rebellion|Whiskey Rebels]], and [[Pittsburgh in the American Civil War|Civil War raiders]].<ref>{{Pittsburgh history}}</ref> For part of the 20th century, Pittsburgh was behind only [[New York City]] and [[Chicago]] in corporate headquarters employment; it had the most U.S. stockholders per capita.<ref>{{Pittsburgh financial}}</ref> [[Deindustrialization by country#United States|Deindustrialization]] in the late 20th century resulted in massive layoffs among [[blue-collar worker]]s as steel and other heavy industries declined, coinciding with several Pittsburgh-based corporations moving out of the city.<ref name="diaspora">{{Pittsburgh diaspora}}</ref> However, the city divested from steel and, since the 1990s, Pittsburgh has focused its energies on the healthcare, education, and technology industries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.post-gazette.com/local/region/2013/10/13/30-Years-Pittsburgh-moves-from-heavy-industry-to-medicine-tech-energy/stories/201310130085|title=30 Years: Pittsburgh moves from heavy industry to medicine, tech, energy|website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette}}</ref><ref name="Lubove-1995">{{Cite book |last=Lubove |first=Roy |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qh7tx |title=Twentieth Century Pittsburgh Volume 1: Government, Business, and Environmental Change |date=1995 |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press |isbn=978-0-8229-5551-1 |pages=106–141|doi=10.2307/j.ctt9qh7tx |jstor=j.ctt9qh7tx }}</ref>

Pittsburgh is home to large medical providers, including the [[University of Pittsburgh Medical Center]] and [[Allegheny Health Network]], as well as [[List of colleges and universities in Pittsburgh|68 colleges and universities]], including [[Carnegie Mellon University]] and the [[University of Pittsburgh]].<ref name="edu">{{Pittsburgh colleges}}</ref> The area has served as the federal agency headquarters for [[CERT Coordination Center|cyber defense]], [[Software Engineering Institute|software engineering]], [[National Robotics Engineering Center|robotics]], [[National Energy Technology Laboratory|energy research]], and the [[Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory|nuclear navy]].<ref>{{Pittsburgh Technology}}</ref> The city is home to ten [[Fortune 500]] companies and seven of the largest 300 U.S. law firms.

Pittsburgh is sometimes called the "City of Bridges" for its [[List of bridges of Pittsburgh|446 bridges]].<ref name="Pittsburgh Names"/> Its rich industrial history left the area with renowned cultural institutions, including the [[Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh]], [[Pittsburgh Zoo & Aquarium]], [[Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens]], the [[National Aviary]], and a diverse [[Cultural District, Pittsburgh|cultural district]].<ref name=Ritenbaugh /> The city's major league [[Sports in Pittsburgh|professional sports teams]] include the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]], [[Pittsburgh Penguins]], and [[Pittsburgh Pirates]]. Pittsburgh is additionally where [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] traces its earliest origins, and was the host of the [[2009 G20 Pittsburgh summit]].

==Etymology==
{{Main|Name of Pittsburgh}}
Pittsburgh was named in 1758, by Scottish General [[John Forbes (British Army officer)|John Forbes]], in honor of British statesman [[William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham]]. As Forbes was a [[Scottish people|Scotsman]], he probably pronounced the name {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ɪ|t|s|b|ər|ə}} {{respell|PITS|bər|ə}} (similar to [[Edinburgh]]).<ref name="spell">{{cite web |url=http://www.carnegielibrary.org/exhibit/hname.html |title=How to Spell Pittsburgh |work=[[Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh]] |access-date=September 22, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001234852/http://www.carnegielibrary.org/exhibit/hname.html |archive-date=October 1, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/52943/how-pittsburgh-got-its-h-back-and-7-other-geographic-naming-oddities |title=How Pittsburgh Got Its "H" Back |last=Conradt |first=Stacy |date=October 1, 2013 |website=[[Mental Floss]] |access-date=May 18, 2019}}</ref>

Pittsburgh was incorporated as a [[Borough (Pennsylvania)|borough]] on April 22, 1794, with the following Act:<ref>{{cite news |url=http://old.post-gazette.com/pg/03001/700027-209.stm |title=Pittsburgh Facts |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |access-date=October 21, 2007 |date=January 1, 2003 |archive-date=May 31, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531055755/http://old.post-gazette.com/pg/03001/700027-209.stm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
"Be it enacted by the [[Pennsylvania State Senate]] and [[Pennsylvania House of Representatives]] of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ... by the authority of the same, that the said town of Pittsburgh shall be ... erected into a borough, which shall be called the borough of Pittsburgh for ever."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carnegielibrary.org/exhibit/hname2.html |title=An ACT to erect the town of Pittsburgh ... |work=[[Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh]] |access-date=September 22, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706004534/http://www.carnegielibrary.org/exhibit/hname2.html |archive-date=July 6, 2007 }}</ref>

From 1891 to 1911, the city's name was federally recognized as "Pittsburg", though use of the final ''h'' was retained during this period by the city government and other local organizations.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stewart |first=George R. |author-link=George R. Stewart |title=Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States |url=https://archive.org/details/namesonlandhisto0000stew |url-access=registration |orig-year=1945 |edition=Sentry edition (3rd) |year=1967 |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/namesonlandhisto0000stew/page/342 342–344]}}</ref><ref name="spell"/> After a public campaign, the federal decision to drop the ''h'' was reversed.<ref name="spell"/> The ''[[The Pittsburgh Press|Pittsburg Press]]'' continued spelling the city without an ''h'' until 1921.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lowry|first=Patricia|title=Are yinz from Pittsburg?|department=The Next Page|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=July 17, 2011|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/opinion/Op-Ed/2011/07/17/The-Next-Page-Are-yinz-from-Pittsburg/stories/201107170206|access-date=March 14, 2023}}</ref>

==History==
{{Main|History of Pittsburgh}}
{{For timeline}}
{{Quote box
| width = 19em
| align = left
| bgcolor = #B0C4DE
| title = Historical claims
| fontsize = 90%
| quote = {{flag|Kingdom of France}} 1690s–1763<br /> {{flag|Great Britain}} 1681–1781<br /> {{flag|United States|1848}} 1776–present
}}

===Native Americans===
The area of the Ohio headwaters was long inhabited by the [[Shawnee]] and several other settled groups of [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=eHz4jgmAhMIC&q=difficulties+for+the+delaware&pg=PA25 Solon J. Buck, Elizabeth Buck, ''The Planting of Civilization in Western Pennsylvania''], 1976, Google Boeken. Books.google.com. Retrieved on July 17, 2013.</ref> The [[Seneca people]] called the confluence of the rivers ''Diondega'' or ''Jaödeogë’''.<ref name="v224">{{cite journal | last=Sipe | first=C. Hale | title=The Principal Indian Towns of Western Pennsylvania | journal=Western Pennsylvania History: 1918 - 2023 | date=April 1, 1930 | issn=1525-4755 | pages=104–122 | url=https://journals.psu.edu/wph/article/view/1516 | access-date=October 25, 2025}}</ref><ref name="Chafe2013">{{cite book |last1=Chafe |first1=Wallace |title=English-Seneca Dictionary |date=2013 |page=123}}</ref> [[Shannopin's Town]] was an 18th-century [[Lenape]] (Delaware) town located roughly from where [[Penn Avenue]] is today, below the mouth of Two Mile Run, from 30th Street to 39th Street. According to [[George Croghan]], the town was situated on the south bank of the Allegheny, nearly opposite what is now known as Washington's Landing, formerly [[Herrs Island, Pittsburgh|Herr's Island]], in what is now the [[Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh)|Lawrenceville]] neighborhood.<ref name = "Hanna1">{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/wildernesstrailo01hann|title=The wilderness trail; or, The ventures and adventures of the Pennsylvania traders on the Allegheny path, with some new annals of the Old West, and the records of some strong men and some bad ones|first=Charles A. (Charles Augustus)|last=Hanna|date=December 6, 1911|publisher=New York, London, G.P. Putnam's Sons|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>{{rp|289}}

===18th century===
{{Further|Pennsylvania in the American Revolution}}
[[File:Bouquet blockhouse.JPG|thumb|left|[[Fort Pitt Block House]], built by the British in 1764, is the oldest extant structure in Pittsburgh.]]
The first known European to enter the region was the French explorer [[Robert de La Salle]] from [[Quebec]] during his 1669 expedition down the [[Ohio River]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.friendsoftheriverfront.org/new_pages/historical.htm |title=friendsoftheriverfront.org |publisher=Friendsoftheriverfront.org |access-date=January 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111125520/http://www.friendsoftheriverfront.org/new_pages/historical.htm |archive-date=January 11, 2008}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=June 2023}} European pioneers, primarily Dutch, followed in the early 18th century. Michael Bezallion was the first to describe the forks of the Ohio in a 1717 manuscript, and later that year European [[fur trade]]rs established area posts and settlements.<ref name="chronology">{{cite web |url=http://exhibit.library.pitt.edu/chronology/ |title=Historic Pittsburgh: Chronology |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Library System |access-date=December 26, 2017}}</ref>

In 1749, French soldiers from Quebec launched an expedition to the forks to unite [[Canada (New France)|Canada]] with [[Louisiana (New France)|French Louisiana]] via the rivers.<ref name="chronology" /> During 1753–1754, the British hastily built [[Fort Prince George]] before a larger French force drove them off. The French built [[Fort Duquesne]] based on LaSalle's 1669 claims. The [[French and Indian War]], the North American front of the [[Seven Years' War]], began with the future Pittsburgh as its center. British General [[Edward Braddock]] was dispatched with Major [[George Washington]] as his aide to take Fort Duquesne.<ref name="WDL">{{cite web |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9580/ |title=The Battle of the Monongahela |website=[[World Digital Library]] |year=1755 |access-date=August 3, 2013}}</ref> The British and colonial force were defeated at [[Braddock's Field]]. General John Forbes finally took the forks in 1758. He began construction on [[Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania)|Fort Pitt]], named after [[William Pitt the Elder]], while the settlement was named "Pittsborough".<ref name="Lorant">{{cite book |title=Pittsburgh, The Story of an American City |edition=5th |author=Lorant, Stefan |publisher=Esselmont Books, LLC |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-685-92012-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/pittsburghstoryo00lora}}</ref>

During [[Pontiac's War]], a loose confederation of Native American tribes [[Siege of Fort Pitt|laid siege to Fort Pitt]] in 1763; the siege was eventually lifted after Colonel [[Henry Bouquet]] defeated a portion of the besieging force at the [[Battle of Bushy Run]]. Bouquet strengthened the defenses of Fort Pitt the next year.<ref name="EB1911">{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/462222/Pittsburgh |title=Pittsburgh |publisher=Encyclopædia |year=2008 |access-date=November 6, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=American Indian Chronology: Chronologies of the American Mosaic |date=June 2, 2011 |first=Phillip M. |last=White |page=44 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]}}</ref><ref>Ranlet, Phillip (2000). The British, the Indians, and smallpox: what actually happened at Fort Pitt in 1763? Pennsylvania history; 67(3).</ref><ref>Dixon, David (2005). Never Come to Peace Again: Pontiac's Uprising and the Fate of the British Empire in North America. University of Oklahoma Press.</ref>

During this period, the powerful nations of the [[Iroquois Confederacy]], based in New York, had maintained control of much of the Ohio Valley as hunting grounds by right of conquest after defeating other tribes. By the terms of the 1768 [[Treaty of Fort Stanwix]], the [[William Penn|Penns]] were allowed to purchase the modern region from the [[Iroquois]]. A 1769 survey referenced the future city as the "Manor of Pittsburgh".<ref name="PCC">{{cite book |title=Pittsburgh First, the Official Organ of The Chamber of Commerce of Pittsburgh |author=Chamber of Commerce of Pittsburgh |year=1921}}</ref> Both the [[Colony of Virginia]] and the [[Province of Pennsylvania]] claimed the region under their colonial charters until 1780, when they agreed under a federal initiative to extend the [[Mason–Dixon line]] westward, placing Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania. On March 8, 1771, [[Bedford County, Pennsylvania]] was created to govern the frontier.

On April 16, 1771, the city's first civilian local government was created as [[Pitt Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania|Pitt Township]].<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/countycourtford00pagoog/countycourtford00pagoog_djvu.txt Full text of "The county court for the district of West Augusta, Virginia, held at Augusta town, near Washington, Pennsylvania, 1776–1777"]. Archive.org. Retrieved on July 17, 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.co.greene.pa.us/secured/gc2/history/Struggle-for-Possession.pdf |title=A brief history of Greene County and its courts: a struggle for possession}}</ref> William Teagarden was the first constable, and William Troop was the first clerk.<ref>{{cite web |last=Christopher |first=Joan |url=http://www.pa-roots.org/data/read.php?46,219527 |title=Constables for 1771 |website=Pa-roots.org |date=December 9, 2005 |access-date=May 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822074611/http://www.pa-roots.org/data/read.php?46,219527 |archive-date=August 22, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Following the [[American Revolution]], the village of Pittsburgh continued to grow. One of its earliest industries was boat building for settlers of the [[Ohio Country]]. In 1784, Thomas Vickroy completed a town plan which was approved by the Penn family attorney. Pittsburgh became a possession of Pennsylvania in 1785. The following year, the [[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] was started, and in 1787, the [[University of Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh Academy]] was chartered. Unrest during the [[Whiskey Rebellion]] of 1794 resulted in federal troops being sent to the area. By 1797, glass manufacture began, while the population grew to around 1,400. Settlers arrived after crossing the [[Appalachian Mountains]] or through the [[Great Lakes]]. [[Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania)|Fort Pitt]] (now Pittsburgh) at the source of the Ohio River became the main base for settlers moving into the [[Northwest Territory]].

===19th century===
{{Further|Pennsylvania in the American Civil War}}
{{multiple image
| align             = left
| direction         = vertical
| total_width       = 230
| image1            = Monongahela River Scene Pittsburgh PA 1857.jpg
| caption1          = The [[Monongahela River]] and its surroundings in 1857
| image2            = Pittsburgh 1874 Otto Krebs.jpg
| caption2          = [[Lithography|Lithograph]] of Pittsburgh by [[Otto Krebs]] (before 1874)
}}

The federal government recognizes Pittsburgh as the starting point for the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bauder |first1=Bob |title=Pittsburgh recognized as starting point for Lewis and Clark expedition |url=https://triblive.com/local/pittsburgh-allegheny/pittsburgh-recognized-as-starting-point-for-lewis-and-clark-expedition/ |agency=Pittsburgh Tribune Review |date=March 10, 2019}}</ref> Preparations began in Pittsburgh in 1803 when [[Meriwether Lewis]] purchased a [[keelboat]] that would later be used to ascend the [[Missouri River]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=O'NEILL |first1=BRIAN |title=Lewis & Clark started here (sorry, St. Louis) |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/opinion/brian-oneill/2018/05/13/brian-o-neill-lewis-and-clark-trail-pittsburgh-mississippi-river/stories/201805130067 |publisher=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=May 13, 2018}}</ref>

The [[War of 1812]] cut off the supply of British goods, stimulating American industry. By 1815, Pittsburgh was producing significant quantities of iron, brass, tin, and glass. On March 18, 1816, the 46-year-old local government became a city. It was served by numerous river steamboats that increased trading traffic on the rivers.

In the 1830s, many [[Welsh people]] from the [[Merthyr]] steelworks immigrated to the city following the aftermath of the [[Merthyr Rising]]. By the 1840s, Pittsburgh was one of the largest cities west of the [[Allegheny Mountains]]. The [[Great Fire of Pittsburgh]] destroyed over a thousand buildings in 1845. The city rebuilt with the aid of Irish immigrants who came to escape the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Famine]]. By 1857, Pittsburgh's 1,000 factories were consuming 22&nbsp;million coal bushels yearly. Coal mining and iron manufacturing attracted waves of European immigrants to the area, with the most coming from [[Germany]].

[[File:Harpers 8 11 1877 Destruction of the Union Depot.jpg|thumb|Burning of Union Depot during the [[Pittsburgh railroad strike of 1877]]]]

Because Pennsylvania had been established as a free state after the Revolution, enslaved African Americans sought freedom here through escape as refugees from the South, or occasionally fleeing from travelers they were serving who stayed in the city. There were active stations of the [[Underground Railroad]] in the city, and numerous refugees were documented as getting help from station agents and African-American workers in city hotels. The Drennen Slave Girl walked out of the Monongahela House in 1850, apparently to freedom.<ref name="freedom">William J. Switala, ''Underground Railroad in Pennsylvania'', Stackpole Books, 2001, pp. 88-89</ref> The Merchant's Hotel was also a place where African-American workers would advise slaves the state was free and aid them in getting to nearby stations of the Underground Railroad.<ref name="exhibit">[http://exhibit.library.pitt.edu/freeatlast/fugitive_laws.html Exhibit: ''Free at Last? Slavery in Pittsburgh in the 18th and 19th Centuries''], 2009, University of Pittsburgh Library</ref> 

Sometimes refugee slaves from the South stayed in Pittsburgh, but other times they continued North, including into Canada. Many slaves left the city and county for Canada after Congress passed the 1850 [[Fugitive Slave Act]], as it required cooperation from law enforcement even in free states and increased penalties. From 1850 to 1860, the black population in Allegheny County dropped from 3,431 to 2,725 as people headed to safety in Canada.<ref name="freedom"/>

The [[American Civil War]] boosted the city's economy with increased iron and armament demand by the Union. [[Andrew Carnegie]] began steel production in 1875 at the [[Edgar Thomson Steel Works]] in [[North Braddock, Pennsylvania]], which evolved into the [[Carnegie Steel Company]]. He adopted the [[Bessemer process]] to increase production. Manufacturing was key to the growth of Pittsburgh and the surrounding region. Railroad lines were built into the city along both rivers, increasing transportation access to important markets.

===20th century===
{{multiple image
 | direction = vertical
 | total_width = 230
 | image1 = Thaddeus M. Fowler - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1902.jpg
 | caption1 = An aerial view of Pittsburgh in 1902<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tedsvintageart.com/products/pittsburgh-pennsylvania-1902-historical-map/ |title=Vintage Map of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1902 - Ted's Vintage Art |website=Teds Vintage Art - Buy Historic Art Prints & Wall Decor|access-date=June 3, 2019}}</ref>
 | image2 = Mills in Strip District, Pittsburgh (84.41.70).jpg
 | caption2 = Steel mills in the [[Strip District, Pittsburgh|Strip District]] in 1906
}}

In 1901, [[J. P. Morgan]] and attorney [[Elbert Henry Gary|Elbert H. Gary]] merged [[Carnegie Steel Company]] and several other companies into [[U.S. Steel]]. By 1910, Pittsburgh was the [[Largest cities in the United States by population by decade|nation's eighth-largest city]], accounting for between one-third and one-half of national steel output.

The [[Pittsburgh Agreement]] was a [[memorandum of understanding]] completed on 31 May 1918 between members of [[Czechs|Czech]] and [[Slovaks|Slovak]] expatriate communities in the U.S. It replaced the [[Cleveland Agreement]] of 22 October 1915.<ref name="Sabol Alzo 2009 p. 8">{{cite book |last1=Sabol |first1=J.T. |last2=Alzo |first2=L.A. |title=Cleveland Slovaks |publisher=Arcadia Pub. |series=Images of America |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7385-5242-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TetMKIYctNIC&pg=PA8 |access-date=2022-12-30 |page=8}}</ref>. It concerned the future foundation of [[Czechoslovakia]] as envisioned by [[T. G. Masaryk]].<ref>PRECLÍK, Vratislav. Masaryk a legie (Masaryk and legions), váz. kniha, 219 str., vydalo nakladatelství Paris Karviná, Žižkova 2379 (734 01 Karviná) ve spolupráci s Masarykovým demokratickým hnutím (Masaryk democratic movement, Prague), 2019, {{ISBN|978-80-87173-47-3}}, s. 8 - 48, s. 84 - 124, s. 125 - 148, s. 157, s. 164 - 169, s. 170 - 194</ref>

The city suffered [[Pittsburgh flood of 1936|severe flooding]] in March 1936.

The city's population swelled to more than a half million, attracting numerous European immigrants to its industrial jobs. By 1940, non-Hispanic whites were 90.6% of the city's population.<ref>{{cite web |title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |access-date=January 3, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012}}</ref> Pittsburgh also became a main destination of the African-American [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] from the rural South during the first half of the 20th century.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://old.post-gazette.com/lifestyle/20030218kids0218p9.asp |title=Kids' Corner: 1910-30 saw huge black migration |last=Boucher |first=Amber |date=February 18, 2003 |website=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |access-date=May 18, 2019 |archive-date=December 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209121819/http://old.post-gazette.com/lifestyle/20030218kids0218p9.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Limited initially by discrimination, some 95% percent of the men became unskilled steel workers.<ref>Lubove, Roy, ed. ''Pittsburgh.'' New York: New Viewpoints, 1976.</ref>

During [[World War II]], demand for steel increased and area mills operated 24 hours a day to produce 95&nbsp;million tons of steel for the war effort.<ref name="Lorant"/> This resulted in the highest levels of air pollution in the city's almost century of industry. The city's reputation as the "arsenal of democracy"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_ssaAAAAIBAJ&pg=3214%2C363940 |title=The Pittsburgh Press – Google News Archive Search|access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pittsburghmagazine.com/Pittsburgh-Magazine/December-2013/The-Way-We-Were/ |title=The Way We Were |date=November 21, 2013|access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref> was being overshadowed by [[James Parton]]'s 1868 observation of Pittsburgh being "hell with the lid off."<ref>{{cite news |last=Kalson |first=Sally |title=Cartoonist draws, fires a blank with Pittsburgh joke |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=November 19, 2003 |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/columnists/20031119sally104col2p2.asp}}</ref>

Following World War II, the city launched a clean air and civic revitalization project known as the "Renaissance," cleaning up the air and the rivers. The "Renaissance II" project followed in 1977, focused on cultural and neighborhood development. The industrial base continued to expand through the 1970s, but beginning in the early 1980s both the area's steel and electronics industries imploded during national industrial restructuring. There were massive layoffs from mill and plant closures.<ref name="diaspora"/>

In the later 20th century, the area shifted its economic base to education, tourism, and services, largely based on healthcare/medicine, finance, and high technology such as robotics. Although Pittsburgh successfully shifted its economy and remained viable, the city's population has never rebounded to its industrial-era highs. While 680,000 people lived in the city proper in 1950, a combination of suburbanization and economic turbulence resulted in a decrease in city population, even as the metropolitan area population increased again.

===21st century===
During the [[late 2000s recession]], Pittsburgh was economically strong, adding jobs when most cities were losing them. It was one of the few cities in the United States to see housing property values rise. Between 2006 and 2011, the [[Pittsburgh metropolitan area|Pittsburgh]] [[metropolitan statistical area]] (MSA) experienced over 10% appreciation in housing prices, the highest appreciation of the largest 25 metropolitan statistical areas in the United States, with 22 of the largest 25 metropolitan statistical areas experiencing depreciations in housing values.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nullspace2.blogspot.com/2011/12/more-pittsburgh-real-estate-trends.html |title=More Pittsburgh real estate trends |last=Briem |first=Christopher |date=December 30, 2011 |work=Nullspace|access-date=January 1, 2012}}</ref>

In September 2009, the [[2009 G20 Pittsburgh summit]] was held in Pittsburgh.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8072894.stm |work=BBC News |title=US to host next G20 world meeting |date=May 28, 2009 | access-date=May 22, 2010}}</ref>
{{clear}}

==Geography==
{{see also|Pittsburgh metropolitan area#Regional identity}}
[[File:Duquesne Incline, Pittsburgh PA (8899995839).jpg|thumb|The [[Duquesne Incline]] from [[Mount Washington, Pittsburgh (mountain)|Mount Washington]]]]
Pittsburgh has an area of {{convert|58.3|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|55.6|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|2.8|sqmi|km2}}, or 4.75%, is water. The [[80th meridian west]] passes directly through the city's downtown.

The city is located on the [[Allegheny Plateau]], within the [[ecoregion]] of the [[Western Allegheny Plateau (ecoregion)|Western Allegheny Plateau]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Level III Ecoregions of Pennsylvania |url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/cropmap/pennsylvania/maps/PAeco3.html |publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |access-date=September 29, 2013 |archive-date=February 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203041049/https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/cropmap/pennsylvania/maps/PAeco3.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Downtown Pittsburgh|Downtown]] area (also known as the Golden Triangle) sits where the [[Allegheny River]] flows from the northeast and the [[Monongahela River]] from the southeast to form the [[Ohio River]]. The convergence is at [[Point State Park]] and is referred to as "the Point." The city extends east to include the [[Oakland (Pittsburgh)|Oakland]] and [[Shadyside (Pittsburgh)|Shadyside]] sections, which are home to the [[University of Pittsburgh]], [[Carnegie Mellon University]], [[Chatham University]], [[Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh|Carnegie Museum]] and [[Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh|Library]], and many other educational, medical, and cultural institutions. The southern, western, and northern areas of the city are primarily residential.

Many [[list of Pittsburgh neighborhoods|Pittsburgh neighborhoods]] are steeply sloped with two-lane roads. More than a quarter of neighborhood names make reference to "hills," "heights," or similar features.{{efn|The neighborhoods are [[Arlington Heights (Pittsburgh)|Arlington Heights]], [[Bluff (Pittsburgh)|Bluff]], [[Brighton Heights (Pittsburgh)|Brighton Heights]], [[Crafton Heights (Pittsburgh)|Crafton Heights]], [[Duquesne Heights (Pittsburgh)|Duquesne Heights]], [[East Hills (Pittsburgh)|East Hills]], [[Fineview (Pittsburgh)|Fineview]], [[Highland Park (Pittsburgh neighborhood)|Highland Park]], [[Middle Hill (Pittsburgh)|Middle Hill]], [[Mount Oliver (Pittsburgh)|Mount Oliver]], [[Mount Washington, Pittsburgh (neighborhood)|Mount Washington]], [[Northview Heights (Pittsburgh)|Northview Heights]], [[Perry North (Pittsburgh)|Perry North]] (also known as Observatory Hill), [[Perry South (Pittsburgh)|Perry South]] (also known as Perry Hilltop), [[Polish Hill (Pittsburgh)|Polish Hill]], [[Ridgemont (Pittsburgh)|Ridgemont]], [[South Side Slopes (Pittsburgh)|South Side Slopes]], [[Spring Hill–City View (Pittsburgh)|Spring Hill-City View]], [[Squirrel Hill (Pittsburgh)|Squirrel Hill]], [[Stanton Heights (Pittsburgh)|Stanton Heights]], [[Summer Hill (Pittsburgh)|Summer Hill]], [[Troy Hill (Pittsburgh)|Troy Hill]], and [[Upper Hill (Pittsburgh)|Upper Hill]].}}

The [[steps of Pittsburgh]] consist of 800 sets of outdoor public stairways with 44,645 treads and 24,090 vertical feet. They include hundreds of streets composed entirely of stairs, and many other steep streets with stairs for sidewalks.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |title=Learning the steps: Pitt researcher fell for city's stairs and has published a book that maps them |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/ae/books/2004/03/16/Learning-the-steps-Pitt-researcher-fell-for-city-s-stairs-and-has-published-a-book-that-maps-them/stories/200403160099|access-date=December 4, 2021 |date=March 16, 2004 |first=Patricia |last=Lowry}}</ref> Many provide vistas of the Pittsburgh area while attracting hikers and fitness walkers.<ref>Bob Regan, ''Pittsburgh Steps, The Story of the City's Public Stairways'', Globe Pequot, {{ISBN|978-1-4930-1384-5}}</ref>

Bike and walking trails have been built to border many of the city's rivers and hollows. The [[Great Allegheny Passage]] and [[Chesapeake and Ohio Canal]] Towpath connect the city directly to downtown Washington, D.C. (some {{convert|335|mi|km|disp=sqbr}} away) with a continuous bike/running trail.

===Cityscape===
{{Main|Downtown Pittsburgh|North Side (Pittsburgh)|South Side (Pittsburgh)|West End (Pittsburgh)}}
{{See also|List of Pittsburgh neighborhoods|List of tallest buildings in Pittsburgh|List of City of Pittsburgh historic designations|List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks}}
[[File:Pittsburgh Pennsylvania neighborhoods fade.svg|thumb|Pittsburgh's [[List of Pittsburgh neighborhoods|90 distinct neighborhoods]]]]
[[File:EastCarsonStreetHistoricDistrict.jpg|thumb|East Carson Street in the [[South Side Flats]]]]
[[File:Street in Shadyside Pittsburgh PA.jpg|thumb|[[Shadyside (Pittsburgh)|Shadyside]] neighborhood]]

The city consists of the Downtown area, called the Golden Triangle,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emporis.com/borough/goldentriangle-pittsburgh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104015251/http://www.emporis.com/borough/goldentriangle-pittsburgh |url-status=usurped |archive-date=November 4, 2012 |title=Golden Triangle (Pittsburgh) |publisher=Emporis.com |access-date=April 11, 2009}}</ref> and four main areas surrounding it—Central, North Side/North Hills, South Side/South Hills, East End, and West End. These areas are further divided into 90 neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.city.pittsburgh.pa.us/portal/neighborhoods.html |access-date=July 17, 2007 |title=Pittsburgh Neighborhoods |work=City of Pittsburgh Portal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629162237/http://www.city.pittsburgh.pa.us/portal/neighborhoods.html |archive-date=June 29, 2007}}</ref>

[[Downtown Pittsburgh]] has 30 skyscrapers, nine over {{convert|500|ft|m}}, with the [[U.S. Steel Tower]] being the tallest at {{convert|841|ft|m|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emporis.com/building/us-steel-tower-pittsburgh-pa-usa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401112817/http://www.emporis.com/building/us-steel-tower-pittsburgh-pa-usa |url-status=usurped |archive-date=April 1, 2012 |title=U.S. Steel Tower, Pittsburgh |work=Emporis Buildings |access-date=July 17, 2007}}</ref> The [[Cultural District, Pittsburgh|Cultural District]] spans 14 blocks along the Allegheny River and is home to theaters, arts venues, and a growing residential community. The [[Firstside Historic District|Firstside]] portion of Downtown borders the Monongahela River, the historic Mon Wharf and hosts the distinctive [[PPG Place]] Gothic-style glass skyscraper complex. Downtown is served by the [[Port Authority of Allegheny County|Port Authority]]'s [[Pittsburgh light rail|light rail system]] and [[Bridges of Pittsburgh|multiple bridges]] leading north and south.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.portauthority.org/paac/SchedulesMaps/Maps.aspx |title=Port Authority Map of Pittsburgh, PA |publisher=Pittsburgh Port Authority|access-date=February 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221230627/http://www.portauthority.org/paac/SchedulesMaps/Maps.aspx|archive-date=February 21, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is also home to [[Point Park University]] and [[Duquesne University]] which borders [[Bluff (Pittsburgh)|Uptown]].

The [[North Side (Pittsburgh)|North Side]], originally the independent [[Allegheny, Pennsylvania|Allegheny City]] until being annexed in 1907, is a primarily residential area with well-preserved 19th-century homes. It hosts attractions like [[Acrisure Stadium]], [[PNC Park]], the [[Andy Warhol Museum]], and the [[National Aviary]], among others.<ref>Allegheny City: A History of Pittsburgh's North Side by Dan Rooney and Carol Peterson</ref>

The [[South Side (Pittsburgh)|South Side]], once home to railyards and mill workers, has seen revitalization with improvements to East Carson Street and new retail. It is now a vibrant neighborhood with diverse shopping and nightlife.<ref>{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Brian |title=Rising home prices tell Pittsburgh's uplifting story |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=January 8, 2014 |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/opinion/brian-oneill/2014/01/09/Rising-home-prices-tell-Pittsburgh-s-uplifting-story/stories/201401090182}}</ref> In the 1990s, the [[Urban Redevelopment Authority of Pittsburgh]] purchased the South Side Works steel mill property and redeveloped it into the [[SouthSide Works]] mixed-use development.

The East End includes key institutions including the [[University of Pittsburgh]], [[Carnegie Mellon University]], [[Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh|Carnegie Museums of Art and Natural History]], and [[Phipps Conservatory]]. It features many parks, including [[Mellon Park]], [[Westinghouse Park]], [[Schenley Park]], [[Frick Park]], [[The Frick Pittsburgh]], [[Bakery Square]], and the [[Pittsburgh Zoo]], and vibrant neighborhoods like [[Shadyside (Pittsburgh)|Shadyside]]. [[Squirrel Hill (Pittsburgh)|Squirrel Hill]] is also known as the hub of Jewish life in Pittsburgh, home to approximately 20 synagogues.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pittsburgh Strong: Historic Tribute to a Vibrant Jewish Community |date=October 29, 2018 |url=https://www.bh.org.il/blog-items/pittsburgh-strong-historic-tribute-to-a-vibrant-jewish-community/}}</ref> Oakland is home to several universities and the [[Petersen Events Center]]. The [[Strip District, Pittsburgh|Strip District]] to the west along the [[Allegheny River]] is an open-air marketplace by day and a clubbing destination by night. [[Bloomfield (Pittsburgh)|Bloomfield]] is Pittsburgh's Little Italy and is known for its Italian restaurants and grocers. [[Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh)|Lawrenceville]] is a revitalizing rowhouse neighborhood popular with artists and designers. The [[Hill District (Pittsburgh)|Hill District]] was home to photographer [[Charles Harris (photographer)|Charles Harris]] as well as various African-American jazz clubs.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wesa.fm/post/smoketown-traces-rise-and-fall-other-great-black-renaissance-pittsburgh |title='Smoketown' Traces The Rise And Fall Of The Other Great Black Renaissance In Pittsburgh |last=Young |first=Virginia Alvino |website=www.wesa.fm |date=February 9, 2018 |language=en|access-date=February 3, 2020}}</ref>

The [[West End (Pittsburgh)|West End]] includes [[Mount Washington, Pittsburgh (neighborhood)|Mt. Washington]], with its famous view of the downtown skyline, and numerous other residential neighborhoods such as [[Sheraden (Pittsburgh)|Sheraden]] and [[Elliott (Pittsburgh)|Elliott]].
[[File:Pittsburgh skyline panorama at night.jpg|alt=Panorama of Pittsburgh, PA|center|thumb|750x750px|Pittsburgh seen from [[Mount Washington, Pittsburgh (mountain)|Mount Washington]] at night with the [[Monongahela River]] in the foreground in November 2015]]

===Regional identity===
{{Main|Pittsburgh metropolitan area}}
[[File:Muralof300SixthStreetBuilding.jpg|thumb|alt=The Puddler, a glass mural of an iron or steel worker in downtown Pittsburgh|''The Puddler'', a glass mural of an iron or steel worker,<ref>{{cite book|last=Toker|first=Franklin|title=Pittsburgh: A New Portrait|chapter=Chapter 2: Downtown: A Golden Triangle|chapter-url=https://upittpress.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/9780822943716exr.pdf|year=2009|publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press|page=77|isbn=978-0-8229-4371-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pittsburgh Art in Public Places: Downtown Walking Tour|edition=Fourth|year=2016|location=Pittsburgh|publisher=Office of Public Art|page=88|url=https://opapgh.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/OPA_ArtinPublicPlaces_RetailFirstside.pdf|access-date=August 20, 2023}}</ref> memorializing Pittsburgh's [[industrial heritage]]]]
Pittsburgh falls within the borders of the Northeastern United States as defined by multiple US Government agencies. Pittsburgh is the principal city of the [[Pittsburgh-New Castle-Weirton, PA-OH-WV Combined Statistical Area|Pittsburgh Combined Statistical Area]], a [[combined statistical area]] defined by the [[U.S. Census Bureau]].

Pittsburgh falls within the borders of [[Appalachia]] as defined by the [[Appalachian Regional Commission]], and has long been characterized as the "northern urban industrial anchor of Appalachia."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Scarpaci |first1=Joseph L. |last2=Patrick |first2=Kevin Joseph |title=Pittsburgh and the Appalachians: cultural and natural resources in a postindustrial age |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9qTdSl2CkzkC|access-date=February 3, 2011 |date=June 28, 2006 |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Pre |isbn=978-0-8229-4282-5}}</ref> In its post-industrial state, Pittsburgh has been characterized as the "Paris of Appalachia",<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Neill |first=Brian |title=The Paris of Appalachia: Pittsburgh in the Twenty-first Century |year=2009 |publisher=[[Carnegie Mellon University Press]] |isbn=978-0-88748-509-1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_429269.html |title=Steel city an unlikely haven for writers |last=Behe |first=Regis |date=March 3, 2006 |work=[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]]|access-date=February 7, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061211072316/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_429269.html|archive-date=December 11, 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailyfinance.com/2010/12/02/the-11-best-cities-for-telecommuters/ |title=America's 11 Best Cities for Telecommuters |last=Watson |first=Bruce |date=December 2, 2010 |work=DailyFinance|access-date=February 7, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325084344/http://www.dailyfinance.com/2010/12/02/the-11-best-cities-for-telecommuters/|archive-date=March 25, 2012|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/in-the-paris-of-the-appalachians-theyre-not-buying-trumps-climate-talk/2017/06/06/6f3ddd8a-49f9-11e7-bc1b-fddbd8359dee_story.html |title=In Pittsburgh, the 'Paris of the Appalachians,' they're not buying Trump's climate talk |last=Frankel |first=Todd |date=June 6, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=May 18, 2019}}</ref> recognizing the city's cultural, educational, healthcare, and technological resources, and is the largest city in Appalachia.

===Climate===
{{climate chart
| Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| 21.1|35.7|2.60
| 23.0|39.3|2.39
| 30.0|49.2|2.95
| 40.2|61.7|3.11
| 49.3|70.8|3.95
| 58.4|79.1|4.30
| 62.8|82.5|3.83
| 61.5|81.4|3.48
| 54.0|74.3|3.11
| 42.9|62.6|2.29
| 34.7|51.2|3.23
| 25.3|39.4|2.85
| float=left
| clear=both
| units=imperial
}}
Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], Pittsburgh falls within either a [[hot-summer humid continental climate]] (''Dfa'') if the {{convert|0|°C}} isotherm is used or a [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cfa'') if the {{convert|-3|°C}} isotherm is used. Summers are hot and winters are moderately cold with wide variations in temperature. Despite this, it has one of the most pleasant summer climates between medium and large cities in the U.S.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Peel |first1=M. C. |last2=Finlayson |first2=B. L. |last3=McMahon |first3=T. A. |name-list-style=amp |year=2007 |title=Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification |journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1633–1644 |url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html |issn=1027-5606 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P | doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.westword.com/news/photos-ten-most-chill-major-cities-in-the-summertime-and-where-denver-places-5831262 |title=Photos: Ten most chill major cities in the summertime – and where Denver places |last=Roberts |first=Michael |date=July 31, 2013 |website=Westword|access-date=March 24, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Roehr |first1=Daniel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kQvwBgAAQBAJ&q=Pittsburgh+HOT-SUMMER+KOPPEN+DFA&pg=PA78 |title=Living Roofs in Integrated Urban Water Systems |last2=Fassman-Beck |first2=Elizabeth |date=March 5, 2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-53703-8}}</ref> The city lies in the USDA plant hardiness zone 6b except along the rivers where the zone is 7a.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/|title=2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map|website=planthardiness.ars.usda.gov}}</ref> The area has four distinct seasons: winters are cold and snowy, springs and falls are mild with moderate levels of sunshine, and summers are warm. As measured by percent possible sunshine, summer is by far the sunniest season, though annual sunshine is low among major US cities at well under 50%.<ref name = NOAAsun/>

The warmest month of the year in Pittsburgh is July, with a 24-hour average of {{convert|73.2|°F|1}}. Conditions are often humid, and combined with highs reaching {{convert|90|°F}} on an average 9.5 days a year,<ref name= NOAA /> a considerable [[heat index]] arises. The coolest month is January, when the 24-hour average is {{convert|28.8|°F|1}}, and lows of {{convert|0|°F|0}} or below can be expected on an average 2.6 nights per year.<ref name = NOAA /> Officially, record temperatures range from {{convert|-22|°F}}, on [[1994 North American cold wave|January 19, 1994]] to {{convert|103|°F}}, which occurred three times, most recently on July 16, 1988; the record cold daily maximum is {{convert|-3|°F|0}}, which occurred three times, most recently the day of the all-time record low, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is {{convert|82|°F|0}} on July 1, 1901.<ref name = NOAA/>{{efn|The warmest daily minimum at the current observation location, Pittsburgh Int'l, is only {{convert|77|°F|0}} on July 23, 2010, and July 16, 1980.<ref name = NOAA/>}} Due to elevation and location on the windward side of the Appalachian Mountains, {{convert|100|°F|0}}+ readings are very rare, and were last seen on July 15, 1995.<ref name = NOAA/>

Average annual precipitation is {{convert|39.61|in|mm}} and precipitation is greatest in May while least in October; annual precipitation has historically ranged from {{convert|22.65|in|mm|abbr=on}} in 1930 to {{convert|57.83|in|mm|abbr=on}} in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pittsburgh Precipitation Records |url=https://www.weather.gov/media/pbz/records/prec.pdf|access-date=May 15, 2020}}</ref> On average, December and January have the greatest number of precipitation days. Snowfall averages {{convert|44.1|in|cm}} per season, but has historically ranged from {{convert|8.8|in|cm|abbr=on}} in 1918–19 to {{convert|80|in|cm|abbr=on}} in 1950–51.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pittsburgh Historical Snowfall Totals 1883 to Current |url=http://www.erh.noaa.gov/pbz/thissnow.htm |publisher=NWS Pittsburgh, PA|access-date=June 20, 2014}}</ref> There is an average of 59 clear days and 103 partly cloudy days per year, while 203 days are cloudy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/cldy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030223015937/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/cldy.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 23, 2003 |title=Cloudiness – Mean Number of Days |date=August 20, 2008 |publisher=[[National Climatic Data Center]] |access-date=May 15, 2011}}</ref> In terms of annual percent-average possible sunshine received, Pittsburgh (45%) is similar to [[Seattle]] (49%).
{{Clear}}

{{Pittsburgh weatherbox}}

====Air quality====
[[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA) data from 2021 to 2024 shows that Pittsburgh's air quality was generally good or moderate.<ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=September 23, 2016 |title=Air Data - Multiyear Tile Plot |url=https://www.epa.gov/outdoor-air-quality-data/air-data-multiyear-tile-plot |access-date=February 7, 2024 |website=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EPA: Air Quality Trends By City 2000-2022 |url=https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2023-05/airqualitytrendsbycity2000-2022.xlsx |website=EPA}}</ref>

Despite improvements, studies suggest Pittsburgh's air quality still impacts health. A 2014 to 2016 study found that children near pollution sources like industrial sites had asthma rates nearly three times the national average.<ref name="Frazier-2020">{{Cite web |last=Frazier |first=Reid |date=November 11, 2020 |title=Study: Pittsburgh kids near polluting sites have higher asthma rates |url=https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2020/11/11/study-pittsburgh-kids-near-polluting-sites-have-higher-asthma-rates/ |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=StateImpact Pennsylvania |language=en}}</ref> It also revealed that 38% of students lived in areas exceeding EPA's particle pollution standards, and 70% in areas surpassing the WHO's standards.<ref name="Frazier-2020" /> Most affected communities were minority populations, leading some residents to believe that the continuing effects of air pollution are a case of environmental racism.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hurdle |first=Jon |title=For Low-Income Pittsburgh, Clean Air Remains an Elusive Goal |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/for-low-income-pittsburgh-clean-air-remains-an-elusive-goal |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Yale E360 |language=en-US}}</ref>

As of 2005, Pittsburgh had 31,000 trees along 900 miles of streets. A 2011 analysis valued the annual benefits of the city's [[urban forest]] between $10 and $13 million, based on contributions to aesthetics, energy use, and air quality. The city invests $850,000 annually in tree planting and maintenance.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/that-tree-on-the-corner-may-be-worth-more-than-your-house |title=Tree on the Corner May Be Worth More Than Your House |last=Seltenrich |first=Nate |date=February 18, 2013 |website=[[Next City]] |access-date=May 18, 2019}}</ref>

====Water quality====
Local rivers in Pittsburgh continue to exceed EPA pollution limits, primarily due to [[Allegheny County Sanitary Authority#Pittsburgh's sewer overflow problem|frequently overflowing untreated sewage]] from the city's outdated infrastructure.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.alleghenyfront.org/new-report-finds-industrial-pollution-flowing-illegally-into-pa-rivers/ |title=New Report Finds Industrial Pollution Flowing Illegally into PA Rivers |last=Lancianese |first=Adelina |date=March 28, 2018 |website=[[WESA (FM)]] |access-date=May 19, 2019}}</ref> Pittsburgh's combined sewer system, built in the early 1900s, carries both stormwater and wastewater, with the treatment plant constructed in 1959.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.3riverswetweather.org/about-wet-weather-issue/understanding-sewer-collection-system/history |title=Understanding Sewer Collection System |website=3 Rivers Wet Weather |access-date=May 19, 2019}}</ref> Insufficient upgrades have led to public health concerns, as even a tenth of an inch of rain causes runoff to flow into rivers.<ref>{{cite web |last=Smeltz |first=Adam |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/local/city/2018/01/22/Pittsburgh-Mayor-Bill-Peduto-executive-order-pushes-forward-PWSA-restructuring-water-board/stories/201801220112 |title=Peduto forges ahead to restructure PWSA leadership |work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |date=January 22, 2017 |access-date=April 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About the Wet Weather Issue |access-date=April 16, 2018 |url=http://www.3riverswetweather.org/about-wet-weather-issue |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202212622/http://www.3riverswetweather.org/about-wet-weather-issue |archive-date=February 2, 2019 |website=3riverswetweather.org}}</ref> Nine billion gallons of untreated waste and stormwater flow into rivers per year, leading to health hazards and Clean Water Act violations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.publicsource.org/will-green-or-gray-infrastructure-solve-the-problem-of-raw-sewage-running-into-the-pittsburgh-regions-rivers/ |title=Raw sewage flows into Pittsburgh's rivers. Is there an environmentally friendly fix that won't break the bank? |date=December 6, 2017 |website=PublicSource |access-date=April 24, 2018}}</ref> The [[Allegheny County Sanitary Authority]] (ALCOSAN) is under a Consent Decree from the EPA and proposed a $2 billion system upgrade in 2017, approved by the EPA in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last=Krauss |first=M. J. |date=January 30, 2018 |url=http://wesa.fm/post/alcosan-more-doubling-wastewater-treatment-plant-diminish-sewage-overlows#stream/0 |title=ALCOSAN More Than Doubling Wastewater Treatment Plant To Diminish Sewage Overflows |access-date=April 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926131554/http://www.wesa.fm/post/alcosan-more-doubling-wastewater-treatment-plant-diminish-sewage-overlows#stream/0 |archive-date=September 26, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Hopey |first=Don |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/local/city/2017/06/07/alcosan-pittsburgh-epa-sewage-control-plan-stormwater-pa/stories/201706060181 |title=EPA, Alcosan near agreement on sewage-control plan |work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |date=June 7, 2017 |access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Clean Water Plan: Plan Documents |url=https://www.alcosan.org/clean-water-plan/plan-documents |website=Alcosan |access-date=8 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Pittsburgh Water and Sewer Authority]] (PWSA), responsible for replacing pipes and setting water rates, has faced criticism for alleged mismanagement and for high lead levels in the city's drinking water, particularly in 2016.<ref name=puc>{{cite web |last=Lindstrom |first=Natasha |date=January 18, 2018 |title=Gov. Wolf to sign bill placing Pittsburgh's water system under PUC oversight |access-date=April 16, 2018 |url=http://triblive.com/local/allegheny/12976229-74/gov-wolf-to-ok-bill-placing-pittsburghs-water-system-under-puc-oversight |work=triblive.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Smeltz |first=Adam |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/local/city/2017/02/03/Peduto-administration-plans-advisory-team-to-assess-PWSA-Pittsburgh/stories/201702030228 |title=City to turn to advisory panel to study water, sewer issues |work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |date=February 3, 2017 |access-date=April 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Morrison |first=Oliver |date=October 18, 2021 |title=The untold story of Pittsburgh's water crisis and a future of $300 water bills |url=http://www.publicsource.org/pwsa-pittsburgh-crisis-turnaround-infrastructure-spending-rates-water-bills/ |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=PublicSource |language=en-US}}</ref> While lead levels have risen for years, many residents blame PWSA's administrative changes for the spike.<ref name="Morrison-2021">{{Cite web |last=Morrison |first=Oliver |date=October 19, 2021 |title=The main cause of Pittsburgh's lead crisis wasn't corporate management |url=http://www.publicsource.org/pwsa-pittsburgh-lead-water-corrosion-soda-ash-caustic-soda-orthophosphate/ |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=PublicSource |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Lurie |first=Julia |title=Pittsburgh's Drinking Water Was Clean Until This Company Came Along |language=en-US |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/2016/10/pittsburghs-drinking-water-got-contaminated-lead/ |access-date=December 16, 2023 |issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Glenza |first=Jessica |date=July 25, 2017 |title=Pittsburgh officials may have 'deflected' attention from lead-contaminated water |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jul/25/pittsburgh-lead-drinking-water-flint-epa |access-date=December 16, 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In response, PWSA began adding orthophosphate to the water.<ref name="www.pgh2o.com-2023">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2023 |title=PWSA Continues to Provide Protection for Those with Lead Service Lines |url=https://www.pgh2o.com/news-events/news/press-release/2023-01-24-pwsa-continues-provide-protection-those-lead-service |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=www.pgh2o.com |language=en}}</ref> PWSA has also been working to replace lead pipes, and continuing to test water for lead.<ref name="www.pgh2o.com-2023" />

There remains concern among residents over the long-term effects of this lead, particularly for children.<ref name="Marusic">{{Cite web |last=Marusic |first=Kristina |title=Lead detected in 80% of Allegheny County, Pa., water systems: Report - EHN |url=https://www.ehn.org/pennsylvania-lead-in-water-2652678227.html |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=www.ehn.org |language=en}}</ref> Some people also believe that the high levels of lead reflect environmental racism, as black and Hispanic children in Pittsburgh experience elevated blood-lead levels at 4 times the rate of white children.<ref name="Marusic" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Center |first=Thomas Merton |date=February 9, 2017 |title=The Racist, Classist Origins of Pittsburgh's Water Crisis |url=https://newpeoplenewspaper.com/2017/02/09/the-racist-classist-origins-of-pittsburghs-water-crisis/ |access-date=December 16, 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{Update section|date=January 2025}}
{{US Census population
| 1800 = 1565
| 1810 = 4768
| 1820 = 7248
| 1830 = 12568
| 1840 = 21115
| 1850 = 46601
| 1860 = 49221
| 1870 = 86076
| 1880 = 156389
| 1890 = 238617
| 1900 = 321616
| 1910 = 533905
| 1920 = 588343
| 1930 = 669817
| 1940 = 671659
| 1950 = 676806
| 1960 = 604332
| 1970 = 520117
| 1980 = 423938
| 1990 = 369879
| 2000 = 334563
| 2010 = 305704
| 2020 = 302971
| estyear = 2024
| estimate = 307668
| align-fn = center
| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html |title=Census of Population and Housing |publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Census2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/pittsburghcitypennsylvania/POP010220 |title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Pittsburgh city, Pennsylvania |publisher=Census.gov |date= |access-date=May 12, 2022}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:42&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108 |title=Census Population API |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=October 12, 2022}}</ref><ref name="USCensusQuickFacts" />
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Historical Racial composition
!2020<ref name="2020 Census-2020">{{cite web |date=April 1, 2020 |title=2020 Census |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/pittsburghcitypennsylvania}}</ref>!! 2010<ref name="census1"/> !! 1990<ref name="census"/> !! 1970<ref name="census"/> !! 1950<ref name="census"/>
|-
| [[White American|White]]
|66.8%|| 66.0% ||  72.1% ||  79.3% || 87.7%
|-
| – Non-Hispanic White
|64.7%|| 64.8% || 71.6% || 78.7%{{efn|name="fifteen"|From 15% sample}} || n/a
|-
| [[African American|Black or African American]]
|23.0%|| 26.1% || 25.8% || 20.2% || 12.2%
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]]
|5.8%|| 4.4% || 1.6% || 0.3% || 0.1%
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race)
|3.2%|| 2.3% || 0.9% || 0.5%{{efn|name="fifteen"}} || (X)
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 1980<ref>{{Cite web |title=1980 census of population. Characteristics of the population. General Social and Economic Characteristic. |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1980/volume-1/pennsylvania/1980censusofpopu80140un_bw.pdf}}</ref>
!Pop 1990<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pennsylvania: 1990, Part 1 |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-1/cp-1-40-1.pdf}}</ref>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Pittsburgh city, Pennsylvania |url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US4261000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Pittsburgh city, Pennsylvania|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US4261000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Pittsburgh city, Pennsylvania|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US4261000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!% 1980
!% 1990
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|316,262
|264,722
|223,982
|198,186
|style='background: #ffffe6; |187,099
|74.60%
|71.57%
|66.95%
|64.83%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |61.75%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|100,734
|94,743
|90,183
|78,847
|style='background: #ffffe6; |68,314
|23.76%
|25.61%
|26.96%
|25.79%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |22.55%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|552
|583
|561
|505
|style='background: #ffffe6; |475
|0.13%
|0.16%
|0.17%
|0.17%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.16%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|2,778
|5,865
|9,160
|13,393
|style='background: #ffffe6; |19,745
|0.66%
|1.59%
|2.74%
|4.38%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |6.52%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|N/A
|N/A
|100
|76
|style='background: #ffffe6; |96
|N/A
|N/A
|0.03%
|0.02%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.03%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|242
|498
|1,217
|843
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2,081
|0.06%
|0.13%
|0.36%
|0.28%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.69%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|N/A
|N/A
|4,935
|6,890
|style='background: #ffffe6; |13,541
|N/A
|N/A
|1.48%
|2.25%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4.47%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|3,370
|3,468
|4,425
|6,964
|style='background: #ffffe6; |11,620
|0.79%
|0.94%
|1.32%
|2.28%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3.84%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''423,938'''
|'''369,879'''
|'''334,563'''
|'''305,704'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''302,971'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

[[File:Ethnic Origins in Pittsburgh, PA.png|thumb|Ethnic origins in Pittsburgh]]
[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Pittsburgh (5559872301).png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in Pittsburgh, 2010 U.S. census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]

At the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], there were 305,704 people residing in Pittsburgh, a decrease of 8.6% since 2000; 66.0% of the population was White, 25.8% Black or African American, 0.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 4.4% Asian, 0.3% Other, and 2.3% mixed; in 2020, 2.3% of Pittsburgh's population was of Hispanic or Latino American origin of any race. [[Non-Hispanic Whites|Non-Hispanic whites]] were 64.8% of the population in 2010,<ref name="census1">{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/4261000.html |title=Pittsburgh (city), Pennsylvania |work=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=May 11, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508162120/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/4261000.html|archive-date=May 8, 2012 }}</ref> compared to 78.7% in 1970.<ref name="census">{{cite web |title=Pennsylvania – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |access-date=May 11, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012}}</ref> By the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population slightly declined further to 302,971.<ref name="2020 Census-2020" /> Its racial and ethnic makeup in 2020 was 64.7% non-Hispanic white, 23.0% Black or African American, 5.8% Asian, and 3.2% Hispanic or Latino American of any race.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the five largest European ethnic groups in Pittsburgh were German (19.7%), Irish (15.8%), Italian (11.8%), Polish (8.4%), and English (4.6%), while the metropolitan area is approximately 22% German-American, 15.4% Italian American and 11.6% Irish American. Pittsburgh has one of the largest [[Italian Americans|Italian-American]] communities in the nation,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.niaf.org/research/statistics2.asp |title=Statistics |publisher=www.niaf.org |date=March 29, 2009 |access-date=April 12, 2009 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107095552/http://www.niaf.org/research/statistics2.asp |archive-date=January 7, 2010}}</ref> and the fifth-largest [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] community per the [[1990 United States census|1990 census]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ukrweekly.com/old/archive/2000/020012.shtml |title=Demographic, social, cultural characteristics of persons of Ukrainian ancestry in Chicago |work=[[The Ukrainian Weekly]] No. 2, Vol. LXVIII |date=January 9, 2000 | access-date = May 16, 2008 |last=Wolowyna |first=Oleh | archive-date = September 6, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080906191606/http://www.ukrweekly.com/old/archive/2000/020012.shtml | url-status = dead}} (based on 1990 US Census)</ref> 
Pittsburgh has one of the most extensive [[Croatian Americans|Croatian communities]] in the United States.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KxW_BKtCjqkC&q=croatian+descendants+in+pittsburgh&pg=PT277 |title=Transforming America: Perspectives on U.S. Immigration [3 volumes]: Perspectives on U.S. Immigration |last=LeMay |first=Michael C. |date=December 10, 2012 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313396441}}</ref> Overall, the Pittsburgh metro area has one of the largest populations of [[Yugoslav Americans|Slavic Americans]] in the country.

Pittsburgh has a sizable Black and African American population, concentrated in various neighborhoods especially in the East End. There is also a small Asian community consisting of [[Indian Americans|Indian immigrants]], and a small Hispanic community consisting of [[Mexican Americans|Mexicans]] and [[Puerto Ricans]].<ref name="thearda.com">{{cite web |url-status=dead |url=http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/m/38300/rcms2010_38300_metro_name_2010.asp |publisher=The Association of Religion Data Archives |work=Metro-Area Membership Report |title=Pittsburgh, PA, Metropolitan Statistical Area |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412153152/http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/m/38300/rcms2010_38300_metro_name_2010.asp |archive-date=April 12, 2018 |access-date=August 17, 2013}}</ref>

In 2010, there were 143,739 households, out of which 21.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.2% were married couples living together, 16.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.4% were non-families. 39.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.95. In the city, the population was spread out, with 19.9% under the age of 18, 14.8% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.8 males.

The [[median income]] for a household in the city was $28,588, and the median income for a family was $38,795. Males had a median income of $32,128 versus $25,500 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $18,816. About 15.0% of families and 20.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.5% of those under the age of 18 and 13.5% ages 65 or older. By the 2019 [[American Community Survey]], the median income for a household increased to $53,799.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geography Profile: Pittsburg city, PA |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US4261000|access-date=February 17, 2022 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> Families had a median income of $68,922; married-couple families had a median income of $93,500; and non-family households had a median income of $34,448. Pittsburgh's wealthiest suburbs within city limits are [[Squirrel Hill (Pittsburgh)|Squirrel Hill]] and [[Point Breeze, Pittsburgh|Point Breeze]], the only two areas of the city which have average household incomes over $100,000 a year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 23, 2013 |title=Pittsburgh-Area's Wealthiest Towns: Sewickley Makes the List |url=https://patch.com/pennsylvania/sewickley/pittsburgh-areas-wealthiest-towns-sewickley-makes-the-list |access-date=December 1, 2022 |website=Sewickley, PA Patch |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas |url=https://statisticalatlas.com/county/Pennsylvania/Allegheny-County/Household-Income#data-map/county-subdivision |access-date=December 1, 2022 |website=statisticalatlas.com}}</ref>

As of 2018, much of Pittsburgh's population density was concentrated in the central, southern, and eastern areas. The city limits itself have a [[population density]] of 5,513 people per square mile; its most densely populated parts are [[Oakland (Pittsburgh)|North Oakland]] (at 21,200 per square mile) and [[Uptown Pittsburgh]] (at 19,869 per square mile). Outside of the city limits, [[Dormont, Pennsylvania|Dormont]] and [[Mount Oliver, Pennsylvania|Mount Oliver]] were Pittsburgh's most densely populated neighborhoods, with 11,167 and 9,902 people per square mile respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas |url=https://statisticalatlas.com/county-subdivision/Pennsylvania/Allegheny-County/Pittsburgh/Population |access-date=December 1, 2022 |website=statisticalatlas.com}}</ref>

Most of Pittsburgh's immigrants are [[Chinese Americans|from China]], [[India]], [[Korean Americans|Korea]] and [[Italy]].<ref>{{cite web |date=September 2023 |title=New Americans in Pittsburgh |url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/council_new_americans_in_pittsburgh_9_2023.pdf |access-date=December 22, 2023 |website=American Immigration Council |page=2 |publication-place=Pittsburgh}}</ref>

===Demographic changes===
Since the 1940s, city initiatives for redevelopment have driven demographic changes in Pittsburgh. In the 1950s, the Lower [[Hill District]] underwent significant upheaval when 1,551 mostly Black residents and 413 businesses were displaced for the construction of the [[Civic Arena (Pittsburgh)|Civic Arena]], which opened in 1961.<ref name="Lubove-1995" /> This project, part of Pittsburgh's revitalization efforts, led to the neighborhood's population dropping to an estimated 12,000 today.<ref name="Klein-2017">{{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Emily |date=December 27, 2017 |title=The Hill District, a community holding on through displacement and development |url=http://www.publicsource.org/hill-district-displacement-development/ |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=PublicSource |language=en-US}}</ref>

In the 1960s, the [[Urban Redevelopment Authority of Pittsburgh]] (URA) aimed to revitalize [[East Liberty (Pittsburgh)|East Liberty]], resulting in the construction of Penn Center Mall and the displacement of about 3,800 people.<ref name="Gillette-2022">{{Cite book |last=Gillette |first=Howard |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1rdtwq2 |title=The Paradox of Urban Revitalization: Progress and Poverty in America's Postindustrial Era |date=2022 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-5371-9 |pages=191–214|jstor=j.ctv1rdtwq2 }}</ref> By the early 2000s, private developers catering to a wealthier demographic introduced businesses like [[Home Depot]], Whole Foods, and Google. This redevelopment, supported by the URA, transformed East Liberty into a desirable area for millennials.<ref name="Gillette-2022" />

These changes have sparked criticism, with some residents arguing that the government's actions were part of a strategy to disperse Black and low-income populations or facilitate [[gentrification]] of neighborhoods.<ref name="Klein-2017" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2022 |title=East Liberty will lose more affordable housing, but seller aims to fight long-term displacement |url=https://www.wesa.fm/development-transportation/2022-04-05/east-liberty-will-lose-more-affordable-housing-but-seller-aims-to-fight-long-term-displacement |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=90.5 WESA |language=en}}</ref> The demolition of housing units like the East Mall public housing complex in 2009, replaced by businesses like Target, is cited as evidence of this process.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Jeremiah |date=January 8, 2018 |title=What's left when the gentrifiers come marching in |url=http://www.publicsource.org/whats-left-when-the-gentrifiers-come-marching-in/ |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=PublicSource |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Pittsburgh (2014)<ref name="PEW">{{cite web |title=Religious Landscape Study |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |date=November 3, 2020 |url=https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/metro-area/pittsburgh-metro-area/}}</ref>
|float=right
|width=285px
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Protestantism]]|dodgerblue|42}}
{{bar percent|[[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]|#d4213d|32}}
{{bar percent|Other [[Christianity|Christian]]|Deepskyblue|3}}
{{bar percent|[[Irreligion|No religion]]|grey|18}}
{{bar percent|Others|orange|4}}
{{bar percent|Don't know|black|1}}
}}

According to a 2014 study by the [[Pew Research Center]], 78% of the population of the city identified themselves as Christians, with 42% professing attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered [[Protestant]], and 32% professing [[Catholic]] beliefs. 18% claimed no religious affiliation. The same study said that other religions (including Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism) collectively made up about 4% of the population.<ref name="PEW"/>

According to a 2010 [[Association of Religion Data Archives]] (ARDA) study, residents included 773,341 "Catholics"; 326,125 "Mainline Protestants"; 174,119 "Evangelical Protestants;" 20,976 "Black Protestants;" and 16,405 "Orthodox Christians," with 996,826 listed as "unclaimed" and 16,405 as "other" in the metro area.<ref name="thearda.com"/> A 2017 study by the Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies at [[Brandeis University]] estimated the [[History of the Jews in Pittsburgh|Jewish population of Greater Pittsburgh]] was 49,200.<ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |url=https://www.brandeis.edu/ssri/pdfs/communitystudies/PittsburghJewishCommStudy.pdf |title=The 2017 Greater Pittsburgh Jewish Community Study |access-date=December 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221235539/https://www.brandeis.edu/ssri/pdfs/communitystudies/PittsburghJewishCommStudy.pdf |archive-date=December 21, 2019 |website=Brandeis University }}</ref>

Pittsburgh is also cited as the location where the earliest precursor to [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] was founded by [[Charles Taze Russell]]; today the denomination makes up approximately 1% of the population based on data from the [[Pew Research Center]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 15, 2023 |title=Jehovah's Witness {{!}} History, Beliefs & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jehovahs-Witnesses |access-date=October 18, 2023 |website=Britannica |language=en |first=J. Gordon |last=Melton }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Religious Landscape Study |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/religious-landscape-study/ |access-date=October 18, 2023 |website=[[Pew Research Center]]'s Religion & Public Life Project |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Pittsburgh}}
{{See also|List of corporations in Pittsburgh}}
Pittsburgh has adapted since the collapse of its century-long steel and electronics industries. The region has shifted to high technology, [[robotics]], health care, nuclear engineering, tourism, [[biomedical technology]], finance, education, and services. Annual payroll of the region's technology industries, when taken in aggregate, exceeded $10.8&nbsp;billion in 2007,<ref>[http://www.pghtech.org/aboutus/about-our-region.aspx About Our Region] Pittsburgh Technology Council {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327204307/http://www.pghtech.org/aboutus/about-our-region.aspx |date=March 27, 2014 }}</ref> and in 2010 there were 1,600 technology companies.<ref name="Bobkoff">{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2010/12/16/131907405/from-steel-to-tech-pittsburgh-transforms-itself |title=From Steel To Tech, Pittsburgh Transforms Itself |last=Bobkoff |first=Dan |date=December 16, 2010 |work=[[NPR]]|access-date=December 21, 2010}}</ref> A [[National Bureau of Economic Research]] 2014 report named Pittsburgh the second-best U.S. city for intergenerational economic mobility<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chetty |first1=Raj |last2=Hendren |first2=Nathaniel |last3=Kline |first3=Patrick |last4=Saez |first4=Emmanuel |title=Where Is The Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States |journal=NBER Working Paper Series |series=Working Paper Series |issue=Working Paper 19843 |page=67 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper]] |date=January 2014 |doi=10.3386/w19843 |url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w19843 |access-date=January 27, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202184957/http://obs.rc.fas.harvard.edu/chetty/mobility_geo.pdf |archive-date=February 2, 2014|doi-access=free }}</ref> or the [[American Dream]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Scully |first=M.S. |title=Pittsburgh #2: Top 10 cities to achieve the American Dream |newspaper=[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]] |date=January 24, 2014 |url=http://blog.triblive.com/thisjustin/2014/01/24/pittsburgh-2-top-10-cities-to-achieve-the-american-dream/#axzz2rbykQv6y |access-date=January 27, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140127093735/http://blog.triblive.com/thisjustin/2014/01/24/pittsburgh-2-top-10-cities-to-achieve-the-american-dream/#axzz2rbykQv6y |archive-date=January 27, 2014 }}</ref> Reflecting the citywide shift from industry to technology, former factories have been renovated as modern office space. Google has research and technology offices in a refurbished 1918–1998 [[Nabisco]] factory, a complex known as [[Bakery Square]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bakery-square.com/ |title=Bakery Square at Eastside, Pittsburgh :: Commercial, Residential Hotel Development |publisher=Walnut Capital and RCG Longview Fund |access-date=December 8, 2010}}</ref> Some of the factory's original equipment, such as a large dough mixer, were left standing in homage to the site's industrial roots.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/12/its-beautiful-day-in-this-neighborhood.html |title=It's a beautiful day in this neighborhood: growing in Pittsburgh |last=Moore |first=Andrew |date=December 8, 2010 |work=The Official Google Blog |access-date=December 8, 2010}}</ref> Pittsburgh's transition from its [[industrial heritage]] has earned it praise as "the poster child for managing industrial transition".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/business/s_739819.html |title=Irish view Pittsburgh's comeback as their pot of gold |last=Erdley |first=Debra |work=[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]] |access-date=June 3, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604181118/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/business/s_739819.html|archive-date=June 4, 2011 }}</ref> Other major cities in the northeast and mid-west have increasingly borrowed from Pittsburgh's [[Conceptual model|model]] in order to renew their industries and economic base.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/op-ed/bs-ed-foster-pittsburgh-20130221-column.html |title=What Steel City can teach Charm City |work=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |date=February 21, 2013 |access-date = July 17, 2013 |first=Lionel |last=Foster}}</ref>

The largest employer in the city is the [[University of Pittsburgh Medical Center]], with 48,000 employees. All hospitals, outpatient clinics, and doctor's office positions combine for 116,000 jobs, approximately 10% of the jobs in the region. An analyst recently observed of the city's medical sector: "That's both more jobs and a higher share of the region's total employment than the steel industry represented in the 1970s."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pittsburghfuture.blogspot.com/2010/12/thank-seniors-for-helping-us-get.html |title=Pittsburgh's Future: Thank Seniors for Helping Us Get Through the Recession |last=Miller |first=Harold D. |date=December 5, 2010 |work=Pittsburgh's Future: Making Southwestern Pennsylvania One of the World's Greatest Regions|access-date=December 8, 2010}}</ref>

{| class="toc"  style="float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center; margin:1em;"
|-
| colspan="6" style="background:#afa;"|'''Top publicly traded companies<br />in the Pittsburgh region for 2022'''<br />(ranked by revenues)<br />''with metropolitan and U.S. ranks''
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|| '''Metro'''|||| style="background:#ccc;"|'''corporation'''|||| style="background:#ccc;"|'''US'''
|
|-
|1|||| style="background:#afa;"|[[Kraft Heinz|The Kraft Heinz Company]]|| ||139
|
|-
|2|||| style="background:#afa;" |[[U.S. Steel]]|| ||172
|
|-
|3|||| style="background:#afa;" |[[PNC Financial Services]]|| ||178
|
|-
|4|||| style="background:#afa;" |[[Viatris]]|| ||204
|
|-
|5|||| style="background:#afa;" |[[PPG Industries]]|| ||218
|
|-
|6|||| style="background:#afa;" |[[Dick's Sporting Goods]]|| ||307
|
|-
|7|||| style="background:#afa;" |[[Alcoa]]|| ||312
|
|-
|8|||| style="background:#afa;" |[[WESCO International]]|| ||357
|
|-
|9|||| style="background:#afa;" |[[Wabtec]]|| ||439
|
|-
|10|||| style="background:#afa;" |[[Arconic]]|| ||452
|
|-
| colspan="6" |
|} Education is a major economic driver in the region. The largest single employer in education is the [[University of Pittsburgh]], with 10,700 employees.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top Private Employers |work=Pittsburgh Regional Alliance |url=http://www.alleghenyconference.org/public/cfm/d_and_d/index.cfm? |access-date=April 14, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061010050140/http://www.alleghenyconference.org/public/cfm/d_and_d/index.cfm |archive-date = October 10, 2006}}</ref>

Ten [[Fortune 500]] companies call the Pittsburgh area home.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hronec |first=Jordan |date=May 23, 2022 |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/news/2022/05/23/2022-fortune-500-pittsburgh-company-rankings.html?ana=wpxi |title=2022 Fortune 500: Pittsburgh rankings see new top performer |access-date=June 11, 2022 |website=Pittsburgh Business Times}}</ref> They are (in alphabetical order):  [[Alcoa|Alcoa Corporation]] (NYSE: AA), [[Arconic|Arconic Corporation]] (NYSE: ARNC), [[Dick's Sporting Goods]] (NYSE: DKS),  [[Kraft Heinz|The Kraft Heinz Company]] (NASDAQ: KHC), [[PNC Financial Services]] (NYSE: PNC), [[PPG Industries]] (NYSE: PPG), [[U.S. Steel|U.S. Steel Corporation]] (NYSE: X), [[Viatris]] (NASDAQ: VRTS), [[Wabtec|Wabtec Corporation]] (NYSE: WAB), and [[WESCO International]] (WYSE: WCC).<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 24, 2022 |title=2022 Fortune 500: Pittsburgh rankings see new top performer |url=https://www.wpxi.com/news/business/2022-fortune-500-pittsburgh-rankings-see-new-top-performer/XZWVTQC3WJDJZGCBKKH5HMPEBA/ |access-date=June 11, 2022 |website=WPXI |language=en}}</ref>

The region is home to [[Aurora Innovation|Aurora]], [[Allegheny Technologies]], [[American Eagle Outfitters]], [[Duolingo]], [[EQT Corporation]], [[CONSOL Energy]], [[Howmet Aerospace]], [[Kennametal]] and [[II-VI Incorporated|II-VI]] headquarters. Other major employers include [[BNY Mellon]], [[GlaxoSmithKline]], [[Thermo Fisher Scientific]], and [[Lanxess]]. The Northeast U.S. regional headquarters for [[Chevron Corporation]], [[Nova Chemicals]], [[Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu]], [[FedEx Ground]], [[Ariba]], and the [[RAND Corporation]] call the area home. [[84 Lumber]], [[Giant Eagle]], [[Highmark]], [[Rue 21]], [[General Nutrition Center]] (GNC), CNX Gas (CXG), and [[Genco Supply Chain Solutions]] are major non-public companies headquartered in the region. The global impact of Pittsburgh technology and business was recently demonstrated in several key components of the [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner]] being manufactured and supplied by area companies.<ref>Chatsko, Maxx. (February 6, 2013) [http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2013/02/06/will-the-dreamliner-ground-pittsburghs-economy.aspx Will the Dreamliner Ground Pittsburgh's Economy? (AA, ATI, BA, PPG, RTI)]. Fool.com. Retrieved on July 17, 2013.</ref> Area retail is anchored by over 35 [[Pittsburgh shopping malls|shopping malls]] and a healthy downtown retail sector, as well as boutique shops along [[Walnut Street (Pittsburgh)|Walnut Street]], in [[Squirrel Hill (Pittsburgh)|Squirrel Hill]], [[Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh)|Lawrenceville]] and [[Station Square]].

The nonprofit arts and cultural industry in Allegheny County generates $341 million in economic activity that supports over 10,000 full-time equivalent jobs with nearly $34&nbsp;million in local and state taxes raised.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pittsburghartscouncil.org/resources/research/economic-impact-studies/282-economic-impact-studies |title=Arts & Economic Prosperity III – Greater Pittsburgh Arts Council |author=Administrator|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924073640/http://www.pittsburghartscouncil.org/resources/research/economic-impact-studies/282-economic-impact-studies|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A leader in [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|environmental design]], the city is home to 60 total and 10 of the world's first [[green building]]s while billions have been invested in the area's [[Marcellus Formation#Economic impact|Marcellus]] natural gas fields.<ref name="GrEn">{{Pittsburgh GreenEnergy}}</ref> A renaissance of Pittsburgh's 116-year-old film industry—that boasts the world's first [[Nickelodeon (movie theater)|movie theater]]—has grown from the long-running [[Three Rivers Film Festival]] to an influx of [[List of television shows shot in Pittsburgh|major television]] and [[List of films shot in Pittsburgh|movie productions]]. including [[Disney Research|Disney]] and [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] offices with the largest sound stage outside Los Angeles and New York City.<ref name="Film">{{Pittsburgh Film}}</ref>

Pittsburgh has hosted many conventions, including [[INPEX (invention show)|INPEX]], the world's largest invention trade show, since 1984;<ref>{{cite news |title=Invention convention INPEX gathers in Pittsburgh |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/local/city/2013/06/19/Invention-convention-INPEX-gathers-in-Pittsburgh/stories/2013061902140000000 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=January 10, 2014 |first=Kaitlynn |last=Riely}}</ref> [[Tekko (convention)|Tekko]], a four-day anime convention, since 2003; [[Anthrocon]], a furry convention, since 2006; and the [[Developing Unconventional Gas|DUG East]] energy trade show since 2009.

==Arts and culture==
{{Main|Culture of Pittsburgh}}

===Entertainment===
[[File:Phipps Conservatory East Room, 2015-10-24, 01.jpg|thumb|East Room of the [[Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens]]]]

Pittsburgh boasts a rich arts and culture scene, with a history dating back to 19th-century industrialists who commissioned and donated public works including [[Heinz Hall for the Performing Arts]] and the [[Benedum Center]], home to the [[Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra]] and [[Pittsburgh Opera]]. Other prominent groups include the [[River City Brass Band]] and [[Pittsburgh Youth Symphony Orchestra]]. The city also hosts a variety of smaller arts organizations, such as [[Pittsburgh Irish and Classical Theatre]], [[Quantum Theatre]], the [[Renaissance and Baroque Society of Pittsburgh]], and [[Chatham Baroque]], an early music ensemble. University choirs include the [[Pitt Men's Glee Club]] and [[Heinz Chapel Choir]].

The [[Pittsburgh Ballet Theatre]] and [[Pittsburgh Dance Council]] offer diverse dance events, while polka, folk, square, and round dancing are celebrated by the [[Duquesne University Tamburitzans]], a multicultural academy dedicated to folk traditions. Pittsburgh is also a popular filming location, with major productions like ''[[The Dark Knight Rises]]'' filmed in Downtown, Oakland, and the North Shore. The city is also recognized as the birthplace of the modern zombie film genre after [[George A. Romero]]'s 1968 film ''[[Night of the Living Dead]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visitpittsburgh.com/blog/pittsburgh-the-home-of-zombies/|title=Pittsburgh: The Home of Zombies|date=October 6, 2022 |publisher=Visit Pittsburgh|access-date=March 1, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://positivelypittsburgh.com/pittsburgh-zombies/|title=Pittsburgh Zombies|date=February 11, 2015 |publisher=Positively Pittsburgh|access-date=March 1, 2023}}</ref>

[[File:AndyWarholMuseumInterviewDisplay.jpg|thumb|[[The Andy Warhol Museum]] is one of the four [[Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh]].]]

Major art museums include the [[Andy Warhol Museum]], the [[Carnegie Museum of Art]], [[The Frick Pittsburgh]], [[Pittsburgh Center for the Arts]], the [[Mattress Factory]], and the [[Carnegie Museum of Natural History]], which holds extensive dinosaur, mineral, and Egyptian collections. The [[Kamin Science Center]] and associated [[Highmark SportsWorks|SportsWorks]] offer interactive technology and science exhibits. The [[Heinz History Center]], a [[Smithsonian Affiliations|Smithsonian affiliate]], provides regional history in the Strip District, while the [[Fort Pitt Museum]] is located in Point State Park. The [[Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall and Museum]] houses military exhibits, and the [[Children's Museum of Pittsburgh]] features interactive exhibits for kids. The eclectic [[Bayernhof Music Museum]] is located six miles (9{{nbsp}}km) from downtown, while [[The Clemente Museum]] is in Lawrenceville. The [[Cathedral of Learning]]'s [[Nationality Rooms]]  showcase pre-19th-century learning environments, and architectural tours are available in many neighborhoods. Downtown's cultural district hosts quarterly Gallery Crawls and the annual [[Three Rivers Arts Festival]]. Pittsburgh also has art galleries such as the [[Miller Gallery at Carnegie Mellon University]], [[Frick Fine Arts Building#University Arts Gallery|University Art Gallery]] of the University of Pittsburgh, the [[American Jewish Museum]], and the [[Wood Street Galleries]].

Pittsburgh is home to the [[Pittsburgh Zoo & Aquarium]], [[Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens]], and the [[National Aviary]], all over a century old. [[Kennywood]], a classic amusement park, is located in West Mifflin, and the [[Rivers Casino (Pittsburgh)|Rivers Casino]] is on the [[North Shore (Pittsburgh)|North Shore]] along the [[Ohio River]], just west of Kamin Science Center and [[Acrisure Stadium]].

Pittsburgh hosts [[Anthrocon]], one of the world's largest [[furry convention]]s, which has been held annually at the [[David L. Lawrence Convention Center]] since 2006. In 2024, the event attracted over 17,000 visitors and has generated a cumulative economic impact of $53 million over 11 years.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/business/businessnews/2013/07/04/Furries-leave-visible-prints-Downtown-and-in-Pittsburgh-s-coffers/stories/201307040173 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |title='Furries' leave visible prints Downtown and in Pittsburgh's coffers – Pittsburgh Post-Gazette}}</ref> Additionally, the reality show [[Dance Moms]] is filmed at Pittsburgh's Abby Lee Dance Company.

===Music===
Pittsburgh has a long tradition of [[jazz]], [[blues]], and [[bluegrass music]]. The [[National Negro Opera Company]] was founded in the city as the first all-African American opera company in the U.S., helping launch the careers of African-American opera stars like [[Leontyne Price]]. Pittsburgh also shaped 20th-century music with influential figures like [[Billy Strayhorn]], who grew up in the city, and pianist-composer [[Mary Lou Williams]], who honored her hometown with a 1966 album featuring [[Leon Thomas]].<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/image/38546304/?clipping_id=142930856 "The Wax Works: Mary Lou Williams Pens Song About Pittsburgh"]. ''The Pittsburgh Courier''. October 22, 1966. p.&nbsp;13. Retrieved March 8, 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.discogs.com/release/3047883-Mary-Lou-Williams-And-Group-Pittsburgh "Mary Lou Williams and Group – Pittsburgh: Tracklist; Credits"]. [[Discogs]].</ref>

Recent artists like [[Wiz Khalifa]] have continued Pittsburgh's musical legacy, with his hit "[[Black and Yellow]]" reaching number one on the [[Billboard Hot 100]] in 2011.<ref>[http://rapradar.com/2011/02/10/wiz-khalifa-black-yellow-hits-number-one/ Wiz Khalifa "Black & Yellow" Hits Number One]. Rap Radar (February 10, 2011). Retrieved on January 14, 2012.</ref> Other notable artists from the area include [[Perry Como]], [[Christina Aguilera]], and the band [[Rusted Root]], which was formed in Pittsburgh. Rusted Root's Liz Berlin owns Mr. Smalls, a popular venue for national touring acts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pghartplaces.org/accounts/view/MrSmalls |title=Mr. Smalls|access-date=November 13, 2019|archive-date=August 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806073139/http://www.pghartplaces.org/accounts/view/MrSmalls|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hip hop artist [[Mac Miller]], also from Pittsburgh, named his debut album ''[[Blue Slide Park]]'' after the local [[Frick Park]].

Pittsburgh has emerged as a leading city in the United States' [[heavy metal music]] scene.<ref name="MetalSucks-2016">{{cite web |date=June 16, 2016 |title=Here's An Infographic of the Most Metal Cities in America |url=https://www.metalsucks.net/2016/06/16/heres-infographic-metal-cities-america/|access-date=September 29, 2021 |website=MetalSucks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Locklin |first=Kristy |date=July 9, 2019 |title=Black Forge Coffee House opening McKees Rocks location next week |url=https://nextpittsburgh.com/eatdrink/black-forge-coffee-house-opening-mckees-rocks-location-next-week/|access-date=September 29, 2021 |website=NEXTpittsburgh |language=en-US}}</ref> Many [[punk rock]] and [[Hardcore punk]] acts, such as [[Aus Rotten]] and [[Anti-Flag]], originated in Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh has also seen many metal bands gain prominence in recent years,{{when|date=March 2019}} most notably [[Code Orange (band)|Code Orange]], who were nominated for a Grammy. The city was also home to the highly influential [[math rock]] band [[Don Caballero]].

Pittsburgh also had an influential [[electronic music]] [[subculture]] in the 1990s, with origins similar to internet [[chat room|chatroom]]-based movements across the United States.<ref name="matos">{{cite web |last1=Matos |first1=Michaelangelo |title=How The Internet Transformed The American Rave Scene |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2011/07/17/137680680/how-the-internet-transformed-the-american-rave-scene |website=The Record |publisher=NPR |access-date=March 10, 2021 |date=July 11, 2011}}</ref><ref name="kelly">{{cite web |last1=Kelly |first1=Justin |title=Hot Mass: Rebuilding Pittsburgh's Dance Music Culture |url=https://www.attackmagazine.com/features/long-read/hot-mass-rebuilding-pittsburghs-dance-music-culture/ |work=Attack Magazine |access-date=March 10, 2021 |date=2018}}</ref><ref name="pro">{{cite news |last1=Pro |first1=Johnna A. |title=Police out to crash drug-laced 'rave' parties |url=https://old.post-gazette.com/regionstate/20000926ecstasy3.asp |access-date=March 10, 2021 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=September 26, 2000 |archive-date=May 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509122342/https://old.post-gazette.com/regionstate/20000926ecstasy3.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Pittsburgh [[promoter (entertainment)|promoters]] and [[disk jockey|DJs]] organized [[rave]]s in warehouses, [[ice rink]]s, barns, and fields which eventually attracted thousands of attendees.<ref name="kelly"/><ref name="barnes">{{cite news |last1=Barnes |first1=Tom |title=S. Siders raving over rink's late parties: Sleep-starved residents giving Ricciardi an earful |url=https://old.post-gazette.com/neigh_city/20010109ravecity3.asp |access-date=March 10, 2021 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=January 9, 2001 |archive-date=May 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509081950/https://old.post-gazette.com/neigh_city/20010109ravecity3.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="silver-barnes">{{cite news |last1=Silver |first1=Jonathan D. |last2=Barnes |first2=Tom |title=Word of rave performance resulted in added police |url=https://old.post-gazette.com/regionstate/20010103ravereg5.asp |access-date=March 10, 2021 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=January 3, 2001 |archive-date=May 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509062324/https://old.post-gazette.com/regionstate/20010103ravereg5.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> DJs [[Adam Beyer]] and [[Richie Hawtin]] played at local raves.<ref name="kelly"/> One notable figure, drum and bass DJ [[Dieselboy]], emerged from this scene.<ref name="matos"/><ref name="carter">{{cite news |last1=Carter |first1=Kelly |title=Nonprogressive portrayals - Letters to the editor |url=http://old.post-gazette.com/forum/20001003edlets6.asp |access-date=March 10, 2021 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=October 3, 2000 |archive-date=May 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509081951/http://old.post-gazette.com/forum/20001003edlets6.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since 2012, the [[Hot Mass]] after-hours electronic music [[dance party]] has been a key part of Pittsburgh's electronic music scene, noted for its European nightclub vibe.<ref name="eb">{{cite web |title=How America's Standout Party Hot Mass Is Changing Pittsburgh |url=https://www.electronicbeats.net/hot-mass-pittsburgh/ |publisher=Electronic Beats |access-date=March 10, 2021 |date=February 3, 2016}}</ref><ref name="stolman">{{cite news |last1=Stolman |first1=Elissa |title=The Secret Techno Sex Parties of Pittsburgh |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/secret-techno-sex-parties-of-pittsburgh/ |access-date=March 10, 2021 |work=Thump |publisher=Vice Media |date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> Electronic artist [[Yaeji]] has credited Hot Mass as a formative influence during her time at Carnegie Mellon University.<ref name="kim">{{cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Michelle |title=How Yaeji Found Her Voice |url=https://mixmag.asia/feature/how-yaeji-found-her-voice |access-date=March 10, 2021 |work=[[Mixmag]] Asia |date=October 14, 2020}}</ref><ref name="posner">{{cite news |last1=Posner |first1=Nina |title=Yaeji: All Together Now |url=https://crackmagazine.net/article/profiles/yaeji-together-now/ |access-date=March 10, 2021 |work=[[Crack Magazine]] |date=October 1, 2020}}</ref>

[[Hellbender Vinyl]], a vinyl record manufacturing company, is located in Pittsburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=King |first=Ashley |date=2025-02-20 |title=Pittsburgh Has A New Vinyl Pressing Plant—Hellbender Vinyl |url=https://www.digitalmusicnews.com/2025/02/19/vinyl-pressing-plant-pittsburgh/ |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=Digital Music News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bailey |first=Pony |title=Lawrenceville's Hellbender Vinyl is filling a music-industry need while building community |url=https://www.pghcitypaper.com/arts-entertainment/lawrencevilles-hellbender-vinyl-is-filling-a-music-industry-need-while-building-community-27797571 |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=Pittsburgh City Paper |language=en}}</ref>

===Theatre===
{{Main|Theatre in Pittsburgh}}
[[File:Pittsburgh benedumcenter.jpg|thumb|[[Benedum Center]]]]
The city's first play was produced at the [[Market Square, Pittsburgh|old courthouse]] in 1803<ref name="chronology"/> and the first theater built in 1812.<ref name="chronology"/> Collegiate companies include the University of Pittsburgh's [[University of Pittsburgh Repertory Theatre|Repertory Theatre]] and [[Kuntu Repertory Theatre]], Point Park University's resident companies at its [[Pittsburgh Playhouse]], and Carnegie Mellon University's School of Drama productions and [[Scotch'n'Soda]] organization. The Duquesne University Red Masquers, founded in 1912, are the oldest, continuously producing theater company in Pennsylvania.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} The city's longest-running theater show, [[Friday Nite Improvs]], is an improv jam that has been performed in the [[Cathedral of Learning]] and other locations for 20 years. The [[Pittsburgh New Works Festival]] utilizes local theater companies to stage productions of original one-act plays by playwrights from all parts of the country. Similarly, [[Future Ten]] showcases new ten-minute plays. [[Saint Vincent Summer Theatre]], [[Off the Wall Productions]], [[Mountain Playhouse]], The Theatre Factory, and [[Stage Right!]] in nearby [[Latrobe, Pennsylvania|Latrobe]], [[Carnegie, Pennsylvania|Carnegie]], [[Jennerstown, Pennsylvania|Jennerstown]], [[Trafford, Pennsylvania|Trafford]], and [[Greensburg, Pennsylvania|Greensburg]], respectively, employ Pittsburgh actors and contribute to the culture of the region.

Pittsburgh is well known for being home to the late playwright August Wilson.<ref name="augustwilsonhouse.org">{{Cite web |title=August Wilson House |url=https://augustwilsonhouse.org/ |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=augustwilsonhouse.org}}</ref> The August Wilson House now remains in Pittsburgh to celebrate the life and work of August Wilson, continue to produce his plays, and serve as an arts center for the Hill District, where Wilson was from.<ref name="augustwilsonhouse.org" />

===Literature===
{{See also|List of fiction set in Pittsburgh|List of films shot in Pittsburgh|List of television shows shot in Pittsburgh}}
[[File:PittsburghCarnegieLibrarymainbranch.jpg|thumb|[[Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh]] Main Branch in Oakland]]

Pittsburgh is the birthplace of notable writers such as [[Gertrude Stein]] and [[Rachel Carson]], a [[Chatham University]] graduate from the suburb of [[Springdale, Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Carson__Rachel_Louise.html |title=Rachel Louise Carson |work=Pennsylvania Center for the Book |access-date=January 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611135106/http://www.pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Carson__Rachel_Louise.html|archive-date=June 11, 2010 |date=Fall 2003}}</ref> Modern writers include [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning playwright [[August Wilson]], as well as [[Michael Chabon]], who writes about student and college life in Pittsburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=August Wilson {{!}} Biography, Plays, Movies, Ma Rainey, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/August-Wilson |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Two-time Pulitzer winner and recipient of the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]], [[David McCullough]], was born and raised in Pittsburgh.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jerome L. |last=Sherman |title=Presidential biographer gets presidential medal |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/ae/books/2006/12/16/Presidential-biographer-gets-presidential-medal/stories/200612160100 |website=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |date=December 16, 2006 |access-date=December 4, 2021}}</ref> Pulitzer Prize-winning author [[Annie Dillard]], whose memoir ''An American Childhood'' takes place in post-World War II Pittsburgh, also hails from the city.

Award-winning author [[John Edgar Wideman]], who grew up in Pittsburgh, has based several books in the city, including ''Brothers and Keepers''. Poet [[Terrance Hayes]], winner of the 2010 National Book Award and a 2014 MacArthur Foundation Fellow, earned his MFA at the University of Pittsburgh and was a faculty member there. Other local poets include [[Michael Simms (publisher)|Michael Simms]], founder of [[Autumn House Press]], and [[Samuel John Hazo]], Pennsylvania's first poet laureate. Contemporary writers like [[Kathleen Tessaro]], author of novels such as ''Elegance'', ''The Perfume Collector'', and ''Rare Objects'', and new authors including [[Chris Kuzneski]] and Brian Celio, who captures Pittsburgh's "Yinzer" dialect, contribute to the city's vibrant literary tradition. Pittsburgh's unique literary style extends to playwrights,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://old.post-gazette.com/magazine/19981011playw2.asp |title=The write stuff |publisher=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |date=October 11, 1998 |access-date=December 4, 2021 |first=John |last=Hayes |archive-date=January 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118153645/https://old.post-gazette.com/magazine/19981011playw2.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> as well as local graffiti and hip hop artists.

Pittsburgh's position as the birthplace for community-owned television and networked commercial television helped spawn the modern children's show genres exemplified by ''[[Mister Rogers' Neighborhood]]'', ''[[Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? (TV series)|Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?]]'', ''[[Happy's Party]]'', ''[[Cappelli & Company]]'', and ''[[The Children's Corner]]'', all nationally broadcast.

The ''[[Pittsburgh Dad]]'' series has showcased the [[Pittsburghese]] genre to a global YouTube audience since 2011.

The modern fantasy, macabre and science fiction genre was popularized by director [[George A. Romero]], television's [[Bill Cardille]] and his ''[[Chiller Theatre (Pittsburgh)|Chiller Theatre]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chillertheatermemories.com |title=Welcome to Chiller Theater Memories! |publisher=Chillertheatermemories.com |access-date=January 5, 2009}}</ref> director and writer [[Rusty Cundieff]] and makeup effects guru [[Tom Savini]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.savini.com |title=SAVINI.COM: The Official Tom Savini Home page |publisher=Savini.com |access-date=January 5, 2009}}</ref> The genre continues today with the PARSEC science fiction organization,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parsec-sff.org/links.html |title=PARSEC: Pittsburgh's Premiere Science Fiction Organization |publisher=Parsec-sff.org |date=November 5, 2006 |access-date=January 5, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512090859/http://parsec-sff.org/links.html |archive-date=May 12, 2008}}</ref> The It's Alive Show, the annual "Zombie Fest",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.revenantmagazine.com/MarkMenoldinterview.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512030939/http://www.revenantmagazine.com/MarkMenoldinterview.htm|archive-date=May 12, 2008 |title=Revenant: The Premiere Zombie Magazine – Features |work=Revenantmagazine.com |access-date=January 5, 2009}}</ref> and several writer's workshops including Write or Die,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://word.pghfree.net/ |title=Write or Die: A Science Fiction & Fantasy Writing Group |website=Word.pghfree.net |date=January 1, 2010 |access-date=May 24, 2016}}</ref> Pittsburgh SouthWrites,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.interzone.com/~jafriedl/SW/sowrites.htm |title=Pittsburgh South Writes Homepage |publisher=Interzone.com |access-date=January 5, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071025142835/http://www.interzone.com/~jafriedl/SW/sowrites.htm |archive-date = October 25, 2007}}</ref> and Pittsburgh Worldwrights<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~mslee/pw.html/ |title=Pittsburgh Worldwrights |publisher=Cs.cmu.edu |date=May 27, 2005 |access-date=January 5, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990420000917/https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~mslee/pw.html|archive-date=April 20, 1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Rodger Turner, Webmaster |url=http://www.sfsite.com/02b/msl122.htm |title=The SF Site: A Conversation With Mary Soon Lee |publisher=Sfsite.com |access-date=January 5, 2009}}</ref> with [[Barton Paul Levenson]], [[Kenneth Chiacchia]] and [[Elizabeth Humphreys Penrose]].

===Food===
[[File:Primanti Bros at PNC Park.jpg|thumb|A [[Primanti Bros.]] sandwich]]
Pittsburgh is known for several culinary specialties including [[pierogies]], [[kielbasa]], [[chipped chopped ham]] sandwiches, and [[Klondike bar]]s.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Pittsburgh |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America |year=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0199734962 |edition=2nd}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Insiders' Guide to Pittsburgh |isbn=978-0762747962 |page=4 |edition=4th |last1=Phillips |first1=Jenn |last2=Oberlin |first2=Loriann Hoff |last3=Pattak |first3=Evan M. |last4=Margittai |first4=Michele |date=May 2008|publisher=Globe Pequot Press }}</ref> The San Francisco marketing agency AF and Co named Pittsburgh the top American food city of 2019, favorably mentioning many area restaurants including Superior Motors in [[Braddock, Pennsylvania|Braddock]], Driftwood Oven in [[Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh)|Lawrenceville]], Spork in [[Bloomfield (Pittsburgh)|Bloomfield]], Fish nor Fowl in [[Garfield (Pittsburgh)|Garfield]], Bitter Ends Garden & Luncheonette in [[Bloomfield (Pittsburgh)|Bloomfield]], and Rolling Pepperoni in [[Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh)|Lawrenceville]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/local/neighborhood/2018/12/27/Neighborhood-Pittsburgh-top-food-city-2019/stories/201812270143 |title=Here's how Pittsburgh has earned the title of 2019 Food City of the Year |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=February 24, 2019}}</ref>

Pittsburgh is home to the annual [[pickled cucumber|pickle]]-themed festival [[Picklesburgh]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=CBS Pittsburgh |title=Picklesburgh voted America's best specialty food festival |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/picklesburgh-voted-best-specialty-food-festival-2023/ |website=CBS News |access-date=November 1, 2023 |date=March 31, 2023}}</ref>

===Local dialect===
{{Main|Western Pennsylvania English}}
The Pittsburgh English dialect, commonly called ''[[Pittsburgh English|Pittsburghese]]'', was influenced by [[Scots-Irish American|Scots-Irish]], German, and [[Eastern European]] immigrants and African Americans.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pittsburghspeech.pitt.edu/PittsburghSpeech_History.html |title=History |website=pittsburghspeech.pitt.edu|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> Locals who speak the dialect are sometimes referred to as "[[Yinzer]]s" (from the local word "yinz" [var. ''yunz''], a blended form of "you ones", similar to "y'all" and "you all" in the South). Common Pittsburghese terms are: "slippy" (slippery), "redd up" (clean up), "jagger bush" (thorn bush), and "gum bands" (rubber bands). The dialect is also notable for dropping the verb "to be". In Pittsburghese one would say "the car needs washed" instead of "needs to be washed", "needs washing", or "needs a wash." The dialect has some tonal similarities to other nearby regional dialects of Erie and Baltimore but is noted for its somewhat [[staccato]] rhythms. The staccato qualities of the dialect are thought to originate either from Welsh or other European languages. The many local peculiarities have prompted ''[[The New York Times]]'' to describe Pittsburgh as "the [[Galapagos Islands]] of American dialect".<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Tim |date=March 17, 2006 |title=It's Not the Sights, It's the Sounds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/17/travel/escapes/its-not-the-sights-its-the-sounds.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109203001/http://travel2.nytimes.com/2006/03/17/travel/escapes/17accent.html?pagewanted=2 |archive-date=January 9, 2007 |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 14, 2007}}</ref> The lexicon itself contains notable loans from [[Polish language|Polish]] and other European languages; examples include ''[[headscarf|babushka]]'', ''[[pierogi]]'', and ''[[halušky]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pittsburghspeech.pitt.edu/PittsburghSpeech_SpeechOverview.html |title=Overview |work=Pittsburgh Speech and Society | access-date = August 14, 2007}}</ref>

===Livability===
[[File:FEC-Fall-rainbow-hillside-Jeremy-Marshall-914246-edited.jpg|thumb|The Frick Environmental Center at [[Frick Park]]]]
Pittsburgh has five city parks and several parks managed by the [[Nature Conservancy]]. The largest, [[Frick Park]], provides {{convert|664|acres|0}} of woodland park with extensive hiking and biking trails throughout steep valleys and wooded slopes. Birding enthusiasts visit the Clayton Hill area of Frick Park, where over 100 species of birds have been recorded.<ref>Visit Pittsburgh, [https://www.pittsburghparks.org/frick Frick Park], Pittsburgh, PA, 2015 version. Accessed November 16, 2015.</ref>

Residents living in extremely low-lying areas near the rivers or one of the 1,400 creeks and streams may have occasional floods,<ref name="Puko">{{cite news |url=https://archive.triblive.com/news/huge-flood-control-cost-planning-mess-put-southwestern-pennsylvania-in-bind/ |title=Huge flood-control cost, planning mess put Southwestern Pennsylvania in bind – Pittsburgh Tribune-Review |last=Puko |first=Tim |date=May 17, 2010 |work=[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]]|access-date=December 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520062827/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/regional/s_681477.html|archive-date=May 20, 2010 }}</ref> such as those caused when the remnants of [[Hurricane Ivan]] hit rainfall records in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/local/north/2005/09/15/Damage-repaired-trauma-remains-after-2004-floods/stories/200509150366 |title=Damage repaired, trauma remains after 2004 floods |last=Stephenson |first=Philip A. |date=September 15, 2005 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=December 4, 2021}}</ref> River flooding is relatively rare due to federal flood control efforts extensively managing locks, dams, and reservoirs.<ref name="Puko"/><ref>{{cite journal |last=Anderson |first=R.M. |author2=Beer, K.M. |author3=Buckwalter, T.F. |author4=Clark, M.E. |author5=McAuley, S.D. |author6=Sams, J.I. III |author7=Williams, D.R. |year=2000 |title=Water Quality in the Allegheny and Monongahela River Basins Pennsylvania, West Virginia, New York, and Maryland, 1996–98 |journal=U.S. Geological Survey Circular |series=Circular |issue=1202 |page=2 |doi=10.3133/cir1202 |bibcode=2000usgs.rept....2A |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1202/introduction.htm|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/local/city/2011/03/17/The-historic-St-Patrick-s-Day-Flood-of-1936-two-eyewitness-accounts/stories/201103170442 |title=The historic St. Patrick's Day Flood of 1936: two eyewitness accounts |last=Barcousky |first=Len |date=March 17, 2011 |website=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|access-date=March 17, 2011}}</ref> Residents living near smaller tributary streams are less protected from occasional flooding. The cost of a comprehensive flood control program for the region has been estimated at a prohibitive $50&nbsp;billion.<ref name="Puko"/>

Pittsburgh has the greatest number of bars per capita in the nation.<ref name=Ritenbaugh>{{cite news |last=Ritenbaugh |first=Stephanie |title=In The Lead: Pittsburgh leads with the most bars per person |newspaper=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |date=May 14, 2014 |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/in-the-lead-2014-stories/2014/05/14/Community-Pittsburgh-most-bars-per-capita-second-most-pizza/stories/201405150065 |access-date=May 14, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515222028/http://www.post-gazette.com/in-the-lead-2014-stories/2014/05/14/Community-Pittsburgh-most-bars-per-capita-second-most-pizza/stories/201405150065 |archive-date=May 15, 2014 }}</ref>

==Sports==
{{Main|Sports in Pittsburgh}}

Pittsburgh hosted the [[History of American football|first professional football game]] and the [[1903 World Series|first World Series]]. College sports also have large followings with the University of Pittsburgh in football and sharing Division I basketball fans with Robert Morris and Duquesne.

Pittsburgh has a long history with its major professional sports teams—the [[Pittsburgh Steelers|Steelers]] of the [[National Football League]], the [[Pittsburgh Penguins|Penguins]] of the [[National Hockey League]], and the [[Pittsburgh Pirates|Pirates]] of [[Major League Baseball]]—which all share the same team colors, the [[Flag of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|official city colors of black and gold]].{{Efn|The [[Pittsburgh Power]] of the [[Arena Football League (2010–)|Arena Football League]] and the [[Pittsburgh Passion]] of the [[Independent Women's Football League]] (IWFL) use these colors as well.}} Pittsburgh is the only city in the United States where this practice of sharing colors across all city teams takes place.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Pittsburgh's teams wear black and gold |url=https://www.mlb.com/news/why-pittsburgh-s-teams-all-wear-black-and-gold |access-date=December 13, 2022 |website=MLB.com |language=en}}</ref> The black-and-gold color scheme has since become widely associated with the city and personified in its famous [[Terrible Towel]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/ravens/bal-ray-rice-said-he-wasnt-being-disrespectful-to-steelers-terrible-towel-20121121-story.html |title=Ray Rice said he wasn't being disrespectful to Steelers' Terrible Towel, apologizes |work=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |date=November 21, 2012|access-date=June 11, 2015 |first=Aaron |last=Wilson}}</ref> Further, the [[Pittsburgh Riverhounds]] professional soccer team of the [[USL Championship]] division wear black and gold colors.

The "[[Rails to Trails]]" program has converted miles of former [[rail tracks]] to recreational trails, including a [[Pittsburgh-Washington D.C. bike/walking trail]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gaptrail.org/trail-info/about-the-trail |title=TRAIL INFO - About the Trail |publisher=GREAT ALLEGHENY PASSAGE |access-date=July 16, 2019}}</ref> Several [[mountain biking]] trails are within the city and suburbs, [[Frick Park]] has biking trails and [[Hartwood Acres Park]] has many miles of [[Single track (mountain biking)|single track]] trails.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/top-lists/best-pittsburgh-mountain-biking-spots/ |title=Best Pittsburgh Mountain Biking Spots |date=August 20, 2016 |language=en|access-date=July 16, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trailpittsburgh.org/parks/hartwood-acres/ |title=Hartwood Acres |publisher=Trail Pittsburgh |language=en-US|access-date=July 16, 2019}}</ref>

===Professional===
'''Major league'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" | Team
! scope="col" | Founded
! scope="col" | League
! scope="col" | Sport
! scope="col" | Venue
! scope="col" | Championships
|-
| [[Pittsburgh Pirates]]
| 1882
| [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB)
| [[Baseball]]
| [[PNC Park]]
| 7{{refn|group=o|The Pirates won championships in [[1901 Pittsburgh Pirates season|1901]], [[1901 Pittsburgh Pirates season|1902]], [[1909 World Series|1909]], [[1925 World Series|1925]], [[1960 World Series|1960]], [[1971 World Series|1971]], and [[1979 World Series|1979]]. 1901 and 1902 were Pre World-Series Era Champions.}}
|-
| [[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
| 1933
| [[National Football League]] (NFL)
| [[American football|Football]]
| [[Acrisure Stadium]]
| 6{{refn|group=o|The Steelers won championships in [[Super Bowl IX|1974]], [[Super Bowl X|1975]], [[Super Bowl XIII|1978]], [[Super Bowl XIV|1979]], [[Super Bowl XL|2005]], and [[Super Bowl XLIII|2008]].}}
|-
| [[Pittsburgh Penguins]]
| 1967
| [[National Hockey League]] (NHL)
| [[Ice hockey|Hockey]]
| [[PPG Paints Arena]]
| 5{{refn|group=o|The Penguins won championships in [[1991 Stanley Cup Finals|1991]], [[1992 Stanley Cup Finals|1992]], [[2009 Stanley Cup Finals|2009]], [[2016 Stanley Cup Finals|2016]], and [[2017 Stanley Cup Finals|2017]].}}
|}
'''Minor league/other'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" | Team
! scope="col" | Founded
! scope="col" | League
! scope="col" | Sport
! scope="col" | Venue
! scope="col" | Championships
|-
| [[Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC|Pittsburgh Riverhounds]]
| 1999
| [[USL Championship]] (USLC)
| Soccer
| |[[Highmark Stadium (Pennsylvania)|Highmark Stadium]]
|
|-
| [[Steel City Yellow Jackets]]
| 2014
| [[ABA 2000|ABA]]
| [[Basketball]]
| A Giving Heart Community Center
| 1
|-
| [[Pittsburgh Riveters SC|Pittsburgh Riveters]]
| 2024
| [[USL W League]] (USLW)
| Soccer
| |[[Highmark Stadium (Pennsylvania)|Highmark Stadium]]
|
|}

{{reflist|group=o}}

<nowiki>**</nowiki><small>Pittsburgh's ABA franchise won the 1968 title, but the Steel City Yellow Jackets franchise is heir to it only in location.</small>

===College===
'''Power 5'''
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto; text-align:center; width:100%;"
|-
!School
!Prominent sports
!Venues
!Conference
!National Championships
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[University of Pittsburgh]]
|[[Pittsburgh Panthers football|Pitt Football]] ([[NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision|FBS]])
|[[Acrisure Stadium]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Atlantic Coast Conference|ACC]]
| 9{{refn|group=o|The Panthers won championships in [[1915 Pittsburgh Panthers football team|1915]], [[1916 Pittsburgh Panthers football team|1916]], [[1918 Pittsburgh Panthers football team|1918]], [[1929 Pittsburgh Panthers football team|1929]], [[1931 Pittsburgh Panthers football team|1931]], [[1934 Pittsburgh Panthers football team|1934]], [[1936 Pittsburgh Panthers football team|1936]], [[1937 Pittsburgh Panthers football team|1937]], and [[1976 Pittsburgh Panthers football team|1976]].}}
|-
|[[Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball|Pitt Basketball]]
|[[Petersen Events Center]]
|[[Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball#2-Time National Champions|1927–28 1929–30]]
|-
|}

'''Other'''
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto; text-align:center; width:100%;"
|-
!School
!Prominent sports
!Venues
!Conference
!National Championships
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Duquesne University]]
|[[Duquesne Dukes football|Dukes Football]] ([[Division I-Football Championship Subdivision|FCS]])
|[[Arthur J. Rooney Athletic Field|Art Rooney Field]]
|[[Northeast Conference|NEC]]
|1941, 1973, [[Duquesne Dukes#Yearly football results|2003]]
|-
|[[Duquesne Dukes men's basketball|Dukes Basketball]]
|[[UPMC Cooper Fieldhouse]]
|[[Atlantic 10 Conference|A10]]
|[[1955 National Invitation Tournament|1954–55]] (NIT)
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Robert Morris University]]
| [[Robert Morris Colonials men's basketball|Colonials Basketball]]
|[[UPMC Events Center]]
|[[Northeast Conference|NEC]]
|
|-
|[[Robert Morris Colonials#Ice hockey|Colonials Hockey]]
|[[Island Sports Center]]
|[[Atlantic Hockey|AHA]]
|
|}
{{reflist|group=o}}

===Baseball===
[[File:Pedro goes to Pittsburgh.jpg|thumb|[[PNC Park]], home stadium of the [[Pittsburgh Pirates]]]]
{{Quote box
| quote = [t]his is the perfect blend of location, history, design, comfort and baseball ... The best stadium in baseball is in Pittsburgh.
| source = ESPN
| width = 26em
| salign = right
| title =
| quoted = 2
| title_bg = gray
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| bgcolor = lightgray
}}

The [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] baseball team, often referred to as the Bucs or the Buccos (derived from [[buccaneer]]), is the city's oldest professional sports franchise, having been founded in 1881, and plays in the [[National League Central|Central Division]] of the [[National League (baseball)|National League]]. The Pirates are nine-time Pennant winners and five-time [[World Series]] Champions, were in the first [[1903 World Series|World Series (1903)]] and claim two pre-World Series titles in 1901 and 1902. The Pirates play in [[PNC Park]].

Pittsburgh also has a rich [[Negro league]] history, with the former [[Pittsburgh Crawfords]] and the [[Homestead Grays]] credited with as many as 14 league titles and 11 Hall of Famers between them in the 1930s and 1940s, while the [[Pittsburgh Keystones (baseball)|Keystones]] fielded teams in the 1920s. In addition, in 1971 the Pirates were the first Major League team to field an all-minority lineup. One sportswriter claimed, "No city is more synonymous with black baseball than Pittsburgh."<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Beaver County Times]] |title=Baseball Plog |url=http://www.timesonline.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=17047895&BRD=2305&PAG=461&dept_id=478568&rfi=6 |date=August 14, 2006 |first=John |last=Perrotto|author-link=John Perrotto|access-date=August 14, 2006|archive-date=November 12, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112120043/http://www.timesonline.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=17047895&BRD=2305&PAG=461&dept_id=478568&rfi=6|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Since the late 20th century, the Pirates had three consecutive [[National League Championship Series]] appearances (1990–92) (going 6, 7 and 7 games each), followed by setting the MLB record for most consecutive losing seasons, with 20 from 1993 until 2012. This era was followed by three consecutive postseason appearances: the 2013 [[National League Division Series]] and the 2014–2015 Wild Card games. Their [[1997 Pittsburgh Pirates season|September pennant race]] in 1997 featured the franchises' last no-hitter and last award for [[The Sporting News Executive of the Year Award|Sporting News' Executive of the Year]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.alexreisner.com/baseball/history/race?y=1997|title=1997 Pennant Races|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-date=February 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211020347/http://archive.alexreisner.com/baseball/history/race?y=1997|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Football===
{{further|American football in Western Pennsylvania}}
[[File:Pittsburgh Steeler fans 15 Oct 2006.jpg|thumb|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]] fans waving the [[Terrible Towel]], a tradition that dates back to [[1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season|1975]]]]
The city's professional team, [[National Football League|the NFL's]] [[Pittsburgh Steelers]], is named after the distribution company the Pittsburgh Steeling company, established in 1927. News of the team has preempted news of elections and other events and are important to the region and its [[diaspora]]. The Steelers have been owned by the [[Rooney family]] since the team's founding in 1933,<ref>{{cite web |title=Pittsburgh Steelers Owner: Art Rooney net worth, political donations - Sports Illustrated |url=https://www.si.com/nfl/2018/07/17/pittsburgh-steelers-owner-art-rooney|access-date=October 9, 2020 |website=www.si.com|date=July 17, 2018 }}</ref> are noted for consistency in coaching (the team has had only three head coaches since the 1960s, all with the same basic philosophy{{clarification|date=November 2025}}) and have been called one of sports' most respectable franchises.{{cn|date=November 2025}} The Steelers have a long waiting list for season tickets, and have sold out every home game since 1972.<ref>{{cite news |title=ESPN ranks Steelers fans No. 1 |url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/sports/steelers/s_585606.html?source=rss&feed=3 |website=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review |date=August 30, 2008 |access-date=August 30, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008134730/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/sports/steelers/s_585606.html?source=rss&feed=3 |archive-date=October 8, 2008}}</ref> The team won four [[Super Bowl]]s in a six-year span in the 1970s, a [[Super Bowl XL|fifth Super Bowl]] in 2006, and a league record [[Super Bowl XLIII|sixth Super Bowl]] in 2009.

[[College football]] in the city dates to 1889<ref>{{Cite book |last=Starrett |first=Agnes Lynch |url=https://documenting.pitt.edu/islandora/object/pitt%3A00afj8718m/viewer#page/248/mode/2up |title=Through one hundred and fifty years: the University of Pittsburgh |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press |year=1937 |page=198 |language=en}}</ref> with the [[Division I (NCAA)|Division I]] (FBS) [[Pittsburgh Panthers football|Panthers]] of the University of Pittsburgh posting nine [[NCAA Division I FBS National Football Championship|national championships]], qualifying 37 total bowl games, appearing in the [[2018 ACC Championship Game]], and winning the [[2021 ACC Championship Game]] which was the program's first conference title since leaving the [[Big East Conference (1979–2013)|Big East]] for the [[Atlantic Coast Conference|ACC]] between the 2012 and 2013 seasons.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pitt Panthers College Football History, Stats, Records |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/pittsburgh/index.html |access-date=November 21, 2023 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> Local universities Duquesne and Robert Morris have loyal fan bases that follow their lower [[NCAA Division I Football Championship|(FCS)]] teams.

Acrisure Stadium serves as home for the Steelers, Panthers, and both the suburban and city high school championships. Playoff franchises [[Pittsburgh Power]] and Pittsburgh Gladiators competed in the [[Arena Football League]] in the 1980s and 2010s respectively. The Gladiators hosted [[ArenaBowl I]] in the city, competing in two, but losing both before moving to [[Tampa, Florida]] and becoming the [[Tampa Bay Storm|Storm]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/sports/s_695755.html |title=Pittsburgh Power unveiled as arena football expansion team |first=Rob |last=Rossi |newspaper=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review |date=August 20, 2010 | access-date=August 20, 2010 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823084558/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/sports/s_695755.html | archive-date=August 23, 2010 }}</ref> The [[Pittsburgh Passion]] has been the city's professional women's football team since 2002 and plays its home games at [[Highmark Stadium (Pennsylvania)|Highmark Stadium]]. The [[Edward J. DeBartolo, Sr.|Ed Debartolo]] owned [[Pittsburgh Maulers (1984)|Pittsburgh Maulers]] featured a [[Heisman Trophy]] winner in the mid-1980s, former superstar University of Nebraska running back [[Mike Rozier]].

===Hockey===
The NHL's [[Pittsburgh Penguins]] have played in Pittsburgh since the team's founding in 1967. The team has won 6 [[Eastern Conference (NHL)|Eastern Conference]] titles (1991, 1992, 2008, 2009, 2016 and 2017) and 5 [[Stanley Cup]] championships (1991, 1992, 2009, 2016 and 2017). Since 1999, Hall of Famer and back-to-back playoff MVP [[Mario Lemieux]] has served as Penguins owner. Until moving into the [[PPG Paints Arena]] in 2010 (when it was known as Consol Energy Center), the team played their home games at the world's first retractable domed stadium, the [[Civic Arena (Pittsburgh)|Civic Arena]], or in local parlance "The Igloo".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.post-gazette.com/local/city/2010/05/25/Mellon-Arena-roof-may-open-for-final-show/stories/201005250282|title=Mellon Arena roof may open for final show|website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette}}</ref>

[[Ice hockey]] has had a regional fan base since the 1890s semi-pro [[Pittsburgh Keystones (ice hockey)|Keystones]]. The city's first ice rink dates back to 1889, when there was an ice rink at the Casino in [[Schenley Park]]. From 1896 to 1956, the Exposition Building on the Allegheny River near The Point and Duquesne Gardens in Oakland offered indoor skating.<ref name="ice_skating">{{cite news |last1=Grant |first1=Tim |title=Pittsburgh loves ice skating, but how many rinks might prove too many? |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/life/recreation/2015/11/30/More-ice-time-Pittsburgh-loves-ice-skating-but-how-many-rinks-might-prove-too-many/stories/201511290019|access-date=February 6, 2016 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=November 30, 2015}}</ref>

The NHL awarded one of its first franchises to the city in 1924 on the strength of the back-to-back USAHA championship-winning [[Pittsburgh Yellow Jackets]]. The NHL's [[Pittsburgh Pirates (hockey)|Pittsburgh Pirates]] made several Stanley Cup playoff runs before folding from [[Great Depression]] financial pressures. Hockey survived with the [[Pittsburgh Hornets]] farm team (1936–1967) and their seven finals appearances and three championships in 18 playoff seasons.

[[Robert Morris Colonials men's ice hockey|Robert Morris University]] fields a Division I college hockey team at the [https://rmucolonials.com/sports/2013/9/9/athletics_0909134014.aspx?id=694 Island Sports Center]. Pittsburgh has semi-pro and amateur teams such as the Pittsburgh Penguins Elite.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Association Rankings - MYHockey |url=https://myhockeyrankings.com/association_rankings.php?y=2021&type=youth&country=US |access-date=June 14, 2022 |website=myhockeyrankings.com}}</ref> Pro-grade ice rinks in the region include the [[Rostraver Ice Garden]] and [[Iceoplex at Southpointe]].

===Basketball===
[[File:2009PittUConn2ndmin.jpg|thumb|A [[Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball|Pitt Panthers]] men's basketball game at the [[Petersen Events Center]] in 2009]]
[[Professional basketball]] in Pittsburgh dates to the 1910s with teams "Monticello" and "Loendi" winning [[Black Fives#Colored Basketball World's Champions|five national titles]], the [[Pittsburgh Pirates (NBL)|Pirates]] (1937–45 in the [[National Basketball League (United States)|NBL]]), the [[Pittsburgh Ironmen]] (1947–48 [[NBA]] inaugural season), the [[Pittsburgh Rens]] (1961–63), the [[Pittsburgh Pipers]] (first [[American Basketball Association]] championship in 1968) led by Connie Hawkins (team then moved); the Pittsburgh Condors (ABA returned in 1970–72), the [[Pittsburgh Piranhas]] (CBA Finals in 1995), the [[Pittsburgh Xplosion]] (2004–08) and [[Pittsburgh Phantoms (ABA)|Phantoms]] (2009–10) both of the [[American Basketball Association (2000–present)|ABA]].

Three Pittsburgh universities, the [[Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball|University of Pittsburgh]], [[Duquesne Dukes men's basketball|Duquesne University]], and [[Robert Morris Colonials men's basketball|Robert Morris University]], compete in NCAA Division I basketball. Pitt and Duquesne are the traditional basketball powers in the city, but all three universities have made multiple appearances in the [[National Invitation Tournament]] and [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|NCAA tournament]]. Pitt won two pre-NCAA tournament National Championships in 1928 and 1930<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rauzulusstreet.com/basketball/college/helmscollegechampionship.htm |title=NCAA Division I Mens Basketball - NCAA Division I Champions |website=Rauzulu's Street |access-date=January 20, 2025}}</ref> while Duquesne won the NIT title in 1955, its second straight trip to the NIT title game. Both Pitt and Duquesne have reached the NCAA tournament Final Four once, Duquesne in 1940 and Pitt in 1941.

[[Pittsburgh Panthers women's basketball]] has qualified for 14 post season tournaments (including 4 NCAA tournaments) and boasts of 5 All-Americans selected 6 times with 3 WNBA players. Pitt women began play in 1914 before being reintroduced in 1970. Both Duquesne and Robert Morris also have competitive Division I women's basketball programs.

===Soccer===
The [[Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC|Riverhounds]], an American professional [[soccer]] team, were founded in 1998. Like the major league teams in the city, the Riverhounds wear black and gold kits. The club plays in the [[Eastern Conference (USL Championship)|Eastern Conference]] of the [[USL Championship]], the second tier of the American soccer pyramid. The Riverhounds play their home games at [[Highmark Stadium (Pennsylvania)|Highmark Stadium]], a [[soccer-specific stadium]] located in [[Station Square]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pioneer Soccer teams have new home field at Highmark Stadium |url=https://www.pointpark.edu/About/AdminDepts/Marketing/ThePoint/currentfeatures/FeaturesWinter2014/HighmarkStadium.html |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=Point Park University |language=en}}</ref>

===Golf===
{{see also|List of people from the Pittsburgh metropolitan area#Golf}}

[[Golf]] has deep roots in the area. [[Foxburg Country Club]], the oldest U.S. course in continuous use (dating from 1887) calls the region home.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Foxburg Country Club, the oldest course in continuous use in the United States - WPGA |url=https://wpga.org/nws/2021/210211-foxburg-country-club-the-oldest-course-in-continuous-use-in-us.html |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=wpga.org}}</ref> Suburban [[Oakmont Country Club]] holds the record for most times as host for the [[U.S. Open (golf)|U.S. Open]] at nine; it has also hosted the [[U.S. Women's Open]], [[PGA Championship]]s, and [[U.S. Amateur]]s.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/breaking/2009/06/05/U-S-Open-to-return-to-Oakmont-in-2016/stories/200906050195 |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |last=Dulac |first=Gerry |title=U.S. Open to return to Oakmont in 2016 |date=June 5, 2009 |access-date=January 4, 2025 }}</ref>

Golf legends [[Arnold Palmer]], [[Jim Furyk]], and [[Rocco Mediate]] learned the game and began their careers on Pittsburgh area courses.<ref name="Jacob Gilson">{{cite web |last1=Shedloski |first1=Dave |title=What He Means To Me |url=https://www.golfdigest.com/story/golf_palmer_80_shedloski_0914 |website=Golf Digest |publisher=ZergNet|access-date=March 8, 2018}}</ref> Suburban courses such as [[Laurel Valley Golf Club]] and the Fox Chapel Golf Club have hosted PGA Championships (1937, 1965), the [[Ryder Cup]] (1975), [[LPGA Championship]]s (1957–58), [[Senior Players Championship]]s (2012–14), and the [[Senior PGA Championship]] (2005).

Local courses have sponsored annual major tournaments for 40 years:
{{colbegin}}
* [[Pennsylvania Open Championship]] 1920–1940 (even years)
* [[Dapper Dan Open]] 1939–1949
* [[Pittsburgh Open (LPGA Tour)]] 1956
* [[Pittsburgh Senior Classic]] 1993–1998
* [[84 Lumber Classic]] 2001–2006
* [[Mylan Classic]] 2010–2013
{{colend}}

===Professional wrestling===
Many notable [[Professional wrestling|professional wrestlers]] and promoters have hailed from the city or started their careers in Pittsburgh, including [[Bruno Sammartino]], [[Kurt Angle]], [[Shane Douglas]], [[Corey Graves]], [[Dominic DeNucci]], [[Elias Samson|Elias]], [[Britt Baker]] and many more.

The [[Fineview (Pittsburgh)|Fineview]] section of Pittsburgh served as the base of the televised show [[Studio Wrestling]] during the 1960s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madden |first=Mark |date=February 27, 2021 |title=Mark Madden's Hot Take: Stars like 'Jumping Johnny' DeFazio made 'Studio Wrestling' must-see TV |url=https://triblive.com/sports/mark-maddens-hot-take-stars-like-jumping-johnny-defazio-made-studio-wrestling-must-see-tv/ |access-date=March 21, 2024 |website=TribLIVE.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Madden |first=Mark |date=July 12, 1990 |title=Studio wrestling: Pittsburgh area wrestlers recall TV show's glory days |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette}}</ref> The [[Keystone State Wrestling Alliance]] (KSWA) is a [[professional wrestling promotion]] which was founded in Pittsburgh in 2000. It is the only promotion based in Pittsburgh. It operates in the city's [[Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh)|Lawrenceville neighborhood]]. The KSWA performs Monthly on Saturdays at its main venue on 51st Street.

===Annual sporting events===
[[File:PVGP 2008.jpg|thumb|[[Pittsburgh Vintage Grand Prix]]]]
Pittsburgh hosts several annual major sporting events initiated in the late 20th century, including the:
* [[Three Rivers Regatta]] (since 1977)
* [[Pittsburgh Vintage Grand Prix]] (since 1983)
* [[Dirty Dozen (bicycle competition)|Dirty Dozen Cycle Race]] (since 1983)
* [[Pittsburgh Marathon]] (since 1985)
* [[Richard S. Caliguiri City of Pittsburgh Great Race|Great Race 10K]] (since 1985)
* [[Head of the Ohio]] Regatta (since 1987)

The city's vibrant rivers have attracted annual world-title fishing competitions of the [[FLW Outdoors|Forrest Wood Cup]] in 2009 and the [[Bassmaster Classic]] in 2005.

Annual events continue during the winter months at area ski resorts such as [[Boyce Park]], [[Seven Springs Mountain Resort|Seven Springs]], [[Hidden Valley Resort (Pennsylvania)|Hidden Valley Resort]], [[Laurel Mountain Ski Resort|Laurel Mountain]], and [[Wisp Ski Resort|Wisp]]. Ice skating rinks are enjoyed at [[PPG Place#Sites|PPG Place]] and [[North Park (Pittsburgh)|North Park]].

==Government and politics==
===Government===
{{Main|Government of Pittsburgh}}
[[File:PittsburghCity-CountyBuilding.jpg|thumb|The [[Pittsburgh City-County Building]], the seat of government of the City of Pittsburgh]]
The [[Government of Pittsburgh]] is composed of the [[Mayor of Pittsburgh]], the [[Pittsburgh City Council]], and various boards and commissions. The mayor and the nine-member council each serve four-year terms. Since the 1950s the [[Pittsburgh Mayoral Chief of Staff|Mayor's Chief of Staff]] has assumed a large role in advising, long term planning, and as a "gatekeeper" to the mayor. City council members are chosen by [[plurality voting system|plurality]] elections in each of nine districts. The government's official offices are in the [[Pittsburgh City-County Building]].

The [[Pennsylvania Supreme Court]] holds sessions in Pittsburgh, as well as [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]] and Philadelphia. Pittsburgh is represented in the [[Pennsylvania General Assembly]] by three [[Pennsylvania State Senate|Senate Districts]] and nine [[Pennsylvania House of Representatives|House Districts]]. Federally, Pittsburgh is part of [[Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district]].

===Politics===
[[File:The 2020 United States Presidential Election in Pittsburgh.svg|thumb|'''2020 presidential election by precinct''' <br /> '''Biden:''' {{legend0|#b9d7ffff|40–50%}} {{legend0|#86b6f2ff|50–60%}} {{legend0|#4389e3ff|60–70%}} {{legend0|#1666cbff|70–80%}} {{legend0|#0645b4ff|80–90%}} {{legend0|#002b84ff|90–100%}}<br />'''Trump:''' {{legend0|#e27f90ff|50–60%}} {{legend0|#cc2f4aff|60–70%}}]]
{{see also|Allegheny County, Pennsylvania#Politics}}
In 2006, Council President [[Luke Ravenstahl]] was sworn in as mayor at age 26, becoming the youngest mayor in the history of any major American city. His successor, [[Bill Peduto]], was sworn in on January 6, 2014. In November 2021, Pittsburgh elected its first African-American mayor, [[Ed Gainey]].

Prior to the [[American Civil War]], Pittsburgh was strongly abolitionist. It is considered the [[History of the United States Republican Party|birthplace of the national Republican Party]],<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.pagop.org/about/history/ |access-date=April 19, 2022 |website=Republican Party of Pennsylvania |language=en-US}}</ref> as the party held its first convention here in February 1856. From the Civil War to the 1930s, Pittsburgh was a [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] stronghold. The effects of the [[Great Depression]], combined with entrenched local GOP scandals, resulted in a shift among voters to the Democratic Party. With the exceptions of the [[Pittsburgh mayoral election, 1973|1973]] and [[Pittsburgh mayoral election, 1977|1977]] elections (where lifelong Democrats ran off the party ticket), Democrats have been elected consecutively to the mayor's office since the [[Pittsburgh mayoral election, 1933|1933 election]]. The city's ratio of party registration is 5 to 1 Democrat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gmfus.org/template/page.cfm?page_id=481 |title=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania – Transatlantic Cities Network |publisher=The German Marshall Fund of the United States|access-date=May 6, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619184138/http://gmfus.org/template/page.cfm?page_id=481|archive-date=June 19, 2010}}</ref>

Pittsburgh is represented in the [[Pennsylvania General Assembly]] by three [[Pennsylvania State Senate|Senate Districts]] ([[Lindsey Williams]] (D)-[[Pennsylvania's 38th Senatorial District|38]], [[Wayne D. Fontana]] (D)-[[Pennsylvania's 42nd Senatorial District|42]], and [[Jay Costa]] (D)-[[Pennsylvania's 43rd Senatorial District|43]]) and nine [[Pennsylvania House of Representatives|House Districts]] ([[Aerion Abney]]-19, [[Emily Kinkead]]-20, [[Lindsay Powell]]-21, [[Dan Frankel (American politician)|Dan Frankel]]-23, [[La'Tasha Mayes]]-24, [[Dan Deasy]]-27, [[Abigail Salisbury]]-34, [[Jessica Benham]]-36, and John Inglis-38).

Federally, Pittsburgh is part of [[Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district]], represented by [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] [[Summer Lee]] since 2023.

===Law enforcement===
[[File:Pittsburgh Police Vehicles.JPG|thumb|A [[Ford Taurus]] and a [[Chevrolet Impala]] belonging to the [[Pittsburgh Police]]]]
The area's largest law enforcement agency is the [[Pittsburgh Police|Pittsburgh Bureau of Police]], with close to 850 sworn officers. The city also has separate housing and school police departments. Other agencies also provide police protection within the city because of overlapping jurisdictional boundaries. The [[Allegheny County Sheriff]] focuses on jail and [[Allegheny County Courthouse|courthouse]] security. The [[Allegheny County Police Department|Allegheny County Police]] primarily patrols county-owned parks and airports, while providing detective/investigatory functions for smaller suburbs and the [[Port Authority of Allegheny County|Port Authority police]] patrols rapid transit. [[Pennsylvania State Police]] Troop B provides patrols for the city and immediate suburbs.

The county's lead law enforcement officer is [[Allegheny County District Attorney]] [[Stephen Zappala]] while the [[Allegheny County Medical Examiner]] heads forensics. Crimes of a federal nature are covered by the [[United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania#United States Attorneys|U.S. Attorney for Western Pennsylvania]].

===Crime===
Pittsburgh annually ranks as one of America's safest big cities, in 2013 being named the 3rd "most secure" big city by Farmers Insurance.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schocker |first=Laura |title=What Pittsburgh Can Teach The Rest of the Country About Living Well |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/18/pittsburgh-health_n_4339476.html |website=The Huffington Post |date=December 18, 2013}}</ref> Among [[United States cities by crime rate|crime rates of the 60 largest U.S. cities]], 43 had more instances of property crime while 16 had less when compared to Pittsburgh. More instances of violent crime were reported in 21 of the largest cities while 37 had less. The FBI recommends against using data for ranking.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2010/crime-in-the-u.s.-2010/caution-against-ranking |title=Caution Against Ranking |publisher=[[FBI]]|access-date=August 8, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fbi.gov/ucr/word.htm |title=A Word About UCR Data |publisher=[[FBI]] |access-date=October 12, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923231201/http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/word.htm |archive-date=September 23, 2010}}</ref>
Per 100,000 persons stats (2012):
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!  !! Murder  !! Rape  !! Robbery  !! Assault  !! Burglary !! Theft  !! Motor vehicle  !! Total violent !! Total property
|-
| [[United States cities by crime rate|City]] || 13.1 || 15.1 || 363.3 || 360.4 || 812.8 || 2,438.2 || 174.3 || 752.0 || 3,425.4
|}<!--Metro:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2012/crime-in-the-u.s.-2012/tables/6tabledatadecpdf |title=FBI – Table 6 |work=FBI|access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref> -->

At the end of 2019, the Pittsburgh Bureau of Police reported 37 murders in the city that year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://triblive.com/local/pittsburgh-allegheny/pittsburgh-homicides-hit-lowest-in-20-years/ |title=Pittsburgh homicides hit lowest in 20 years |website=Pittsburgh Tribune Live |date=January 2020}}</ref>

In Pittsburgh, the homicide rate for African Americans is seven times the national average.<ref name="Byrdsong-2015">{{Cite journal |last=Byrdsong |first=T. Rashad |display-authors=et al. |date=2015 |title=A Ground-Up Model for Gun Violence Reduction: A Community-Based Public Health Approach |url=https://www.ceapittsburgh.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/A-Ground-Up-Model-for-Gun-Violence-Reduction.pdf |journal=Journal of Evidence-Informed Social Work |volume=13 |issue=1|pages=76–86 |doi=10.1080/15433714.2014.997090 |pmid=26151769 |s2cid=205889350  | issn=2376-1407}}</ref> Some people believe that over-reliance on law enforcement exacerbates homicide rates.<ref name="Byrdsong-2015" /> There is also concern regarding the effectiveness of law enforcement in solving these cases, as 97% of unsolved cases involved a black victim.<ref name="Benzing-2016">{{Cite web |last=Benzing |first=Jeffrey |date=January 16, 2016 |title=Pittsburgh's repeating tragedy of unsolved black homicides |url=http://www.publicsource.org/pittsburghs-repeating-tragedy-of-unsolved-black-homicides/ |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=PublicSource |language=en-US}}</ref> This has led certain residents to believe law enforcement to be ineffective or apathetic.<ref name="Benzing-2016" /> This is despite an increasing police budget. In 2023, members of the Pittsburgh City Council approved an increase to the police budget by $6 million.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Koscinski |first=Kiley |date=April 27, 2023 |title=Pittsburgh City Council preliminarily approves funding to support new police contract |url=https://www.wesa.fm/politics-government/2023-04-27/pittsburgh-council-new-police-contract |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=90.5 WESA |language=en}}</ref> About 6% of this money is expected to go to the Stop the Violence trust fund. This fund goes to improving parks and recreation, various non-profits, and to the office of Community Health and Safety, in effort to holistically improve the social pressures supposedly causing violence in Pittsburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Felton |first=Julia |date=December 13, 2023 |title=Pittsburgh to use money from anti-violence trust fund on parks, recreation |url=https://triblive.com/local/pittsburgh-to-use-money-from-anti-violence-trust-fund-on-parks-recreation/ |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=TribLIVE.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

Some people do not believe these efforts to be adequate. In 2023, a study conducted by Police Scorecard rated the Pittsburgh Police Department at 37% quality (with 100% being the best). It rated Pittsburgh below the 50th percentile in 10 out of 15 categories studied: "Police Budget Cost per Person," "Fines/Forfeitures," "Police Presence/Over-Policing (Officers per Population)," "Force Used per Arrest," "Racial Disparities in Deadly Force," "Excessive Force Complaints Upheld," "Discrimination Complaints Upheld," "Criminal Misconduct Complaints Upheld," "Arrest Rate for Low Level Offenses," and "Racial Disparities in Drug Arrests".<ref>{{Cite web |last=CampaignZero |title=Police Scorecard: Pittsburgh, PA |url=https://policescorecard.org/ |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Police Scorecard: Pittsburgh, PA |language=en}}</ref>

==Education==
===Colleges and universities===
{{See also|List of colleges and universities in Pittsburgh}}
{{multiple image
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 | image1 = PittCampus.jpg
 | caption1 = [[Cathedral of Learning]] at the [[University of Pittsburgh]]
 | image2 = Carnegie Mellon University as seen from the Cathedral of Learning.jpg
 | caption2 = Main campus of [[Carnegie Mellon University]]
}}

Pittsburgh is home to many colleges, universities and research facilities, the most well-known of which are [[Carnegie Mellon University]], the [[University of Pittsburgh]], and [[Duquesne University]]. Also in the city are [[Carlow University]], [[Chatham University]], [[Point Park University]], the [[Community College of Allegheny County]], [[Pittsburgh Theological Seminary]], [[Reformed Presbyterian Theological Seminary]], and the [[Pittsburgh Institute of Mortuary Science]].

The campuses of Carlow, Carnegie Mellon, and the University of Pittsburgh are near each other in the [[Oakland (Pittsburgh)|Oakland]] neighborhood that is the city's traditional cultural center. Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) is a private research university founded by [[Andrew Carnegie]] and [[Andrew Mellon]].<ref name="usnews_college_rankings">{{cite magazine |url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities/page+3 |title=National Universities: Top Schools |year=2013 |magazine=[[U.S. News & World Report]]|access-date=January 2, 2014}}</ref> CMU contains the [[Mellon College of Science]], [[Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science|School of Computer Science]], [[Carnegie Mellon College of Engineering|College of Engineering]], [[Tepper School of Business|School of Business]], [[Heinz College]], [[Carnegie Mellon College of Fine Arts|College of Fine Arts]], writing, [[Social and Decision Sciences]], information systems, statistics, and psychology programs.

The University of Pittsburgh, established in 1787 and popularly referred to as "Pitt", is a [[Commonwealth System of Higher Education|state-related]] school with one of the nation's largest research programs.<ref name="edu" /> Pitt is known for the [[Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences]], [[University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public and International Affairs]], [[University of Pittsburgh School of Information Sciences]], [[Swanson School of Engineering]], [[University of Pittsburgh College of Business Administration]], [[University of Pittsburgh School of Law]], [[University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine]], [[University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work]], and other biomedical and health-related sciences.<ref name="usnews_college_rankings" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/u/FMPro?-db=ustory.fp5&-format=d.html&-lay=a&-sortfield=issueid%3a%3aissuedate&-sortorder=descend&keywords=U.S.%20News&-max=50&-recid=39345&-find=| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090111115606/http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/u/FMPro?-db=ustory.fp5&-format=d.html&-lay=a&-sortfield=issueid%3A%3Aissuedate&-sortorder=descend&keywords=U.S.%20News&-max=50&-recid=39345&-find=| url-status = dead| archive-date = January 11, 2009 |title=University Times |last=Hart |first=Peter |date=August 30, 2007| access-date = May 23, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.philosophicalgourmet.com/ |title=Welcome to the 2006–2008 Philosophical Gourmet Report |last=Leiter |first=Brian |date=November 10, 2006| access-date=April 29, 2008}}</ref><ref name="pitt-fall-07">{{cite web |url=http://www.pittmag.pitt.edu/fall2007/feature1.html |title=The Company We Keep |last=Gill |first=Cindy |date=Fall 2007 |work=Pitt |publisher=University of Pittsburgh | access-date= April 29, 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080114214829/http://www.pittmag.pitt.edu/fall2007/feature1.html | archive-date= January 14, 2008 | url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hart |first=Peter |title=U.S. News ranks Pitt grad schools |newspaper=University Times |date=April 5, 2007 |url=http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/u/FMPro?-db=ustory.fp5&-format=d.html&-lay=a&-sortfield=issueid%3a%3aissuedate&-sortorder=descend&keywords=School%20of%20Public%20Health%20ranked&-max=50&-recid=39152&-find= | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090111162510/http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/u/FMPro?-db=ustory.fp5&-format=d.html&-lay=a&-sortfield=issueid%3A%3Aissuedate&-sortorder=descend&keywords=School%20of%20Public%20Health%20ranked&-max=50&-recid=39152&-find= | url-status = dead | archive-date = January 11, 2009 | access-date = March 24, 2008}}</ref>

[[Duquesne University]], a private Catholic university in the [[Bluff (Pittsburgh)|Bluff]] neighborhood and is noted for its song and dance troupe, the [[Duquesne University Tamburitzans]], as well as graduate programs in law, medicine, pharmacy, nursing, engineering, health sciences, business, music, and education. [[Carlow University]] is a small private Catholic university that while coeducational, has traditionally educated women. [[Chatham University]], a liberal arts college that was founded as a woman's college but became fully coeducational in 2015,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/education/2015/08/24/Chatham-University-prepares-for-its-first-co-ed-undergrad-class/stories/201508170172|title=Chatham University prepares for its first coed undergraduate class|website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette}}</ref> is in the Shadyside neighborhood, but also maintains a {{convert|388|acre|adj=on}} Eden Hall Farm campus in the [[North Hills, Pennsylvania|North Hills]].  [[Point Park University]] was founded in 1961 and is well known for its Conservatory of Performing Arts and its [[Pittsburgh Playhouse]].

===Primary education===
{{Further|Pittsburgh Public Schools}}
[[File:Allderdice.jpg|thumb|[[Taylor Allderdice High School]] in Pittsburgh in November 2006]]
[[Pittsburgh Public Schools]] teachers are paid well relative to their peers, ranking 17th in 2000 among the 100 largest cities by population for the highest minimum salary. In 2018, the starting teacher salary offered to teachers with a BA was $46,920. The maximum annual salary for a teacher with a master's degree was $95,254.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.triblive.com/news/pittsburgh-allegheny/pittsburgh-public-schools-to-pay-new-teachers-more-scrap-performance-based-pay/ |title=Pittsburgh Public Schools to pay new teachers more, scrap performance-based pay {{!}} TribLIVE.com|website=archive.triblive.com|access-date=April 26, 2019}}</ref>

Local public schools include many charter and magnet schools, including [[City Charter High School]] (computer and technology focused), Pittsburgh Montessori School (formerly Homewood Montessori), [[Pittsburgh Gifted Center]], [[Barack Obama Academy of International Studies 6-12]], [[Pittsburgh Creative and Performing Arts School|Pittsburgh Creative and Performing Arts 6–12]], [[Pittsburgh Science and Technology Academy]], the [[Western Pennsylvania School for Blind Children]], and the [[Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf]].

Private schools in Pittsburgh include [[Bishop Canevin High School]], [[Central Catholic High School (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)|Central Catholic High School]], [[Oakland Catholic High School]], [[Winchester Thurston School]], [[St. Edmund's Academy]], Hillel Academy of Pittsburgh, Yeshiva Schools and [[The Ellis School]]. [[Shady Side Academy]] maintains a PK–5 primary school campus in the [[Point Breeze, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Point Breeze]] neighborhood, in addition to its 6–12 middle and upper school campuses in nearby suburban [[Fox Chapel, Pennsylvania|Fox Chapel]]. Other private institutions outside of Pittsburgh's limits include [[North Catholic High School]] and [[Seton-La Salle Catholic High School]].

The city also has an extensive library system, both public and university. Most notable are the [[Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh]] and the [[University of Pittsburgh]]'s University Library System, which rank as the ninth-largest public and 18th-largest academic libraries in the nation, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.libraryspot.com/lists/listlargestlibs.htm |title=Nation's Largest Libraries |work=LibrarySpot | access-date = October 21, 2007 | archive-date = May 29, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070529215517/http://www.libraryspot.com/lists/listlargestlibs.htm | url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>Widdersheim, Michael M. ''Circulation of Power: The Development of Public Library Infrastructure in Greater Pittsburgh, 1924-2016.'' Berlin: De Gruyter Saur, 2023.</ref>

==Media==
{{Main|Media in Pittsburgh|List of films shot in Pittsburgh|List of television shows shot in Pittsburgh}}

===Newspapers===
[[File:KDKAGateway.jpg|thumb|[[KDKA (AM)|KDKA-AM]]'s studios at Gateway Center]]
There are two major daily newspapers in Pittsburgh: the ''[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]'' and the ''[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]]'' (online only). Weekly papers in the region include the ''[[Pittsburgh Business Times]]'', ''[[Pittsburgh City Paper]]'', ''[[Pittsburgh Catholic]]'', ''[[Pittsburgh Jewish Chronicle]]'', ''The New People'', and the ''[[New Pittsburgh Courier]]''. Independent student-written university-based newspapers include ''[[The Pitt News]]'' of the [[University of Pittsburgh]], ''[[The Tartan (Carnegie Mellon University)|The Tartan]]'' of [[Carnegie Mellon University]], ''[[The Duquesne Duke]]'' of [[Duquesne University]], and ''[[The Globe student newspaper|The Globe]]'' of [[Point Park University]]. The [[University of Pittsburgh School of Law]] is also home to [[JURIST]], the world's only university-based legal news service.<ref>{{cite web |title=JURIST {{!}} School of Law {{!}} University of Pittsburgh |url=https://www.law.pitt.edu/about/engaged/jurist |access-date=April 19, 2022 |website=www.law.pitt.edu |archive-date=March 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306234002/http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/paperchase/2006/07/spain-judge-charges-ex-generals-in.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Television===
The Pittsburgh metro area is served by multiple local television and radio stations. The Pittsburgh [[designated market area]] (DMA) is the 22nd-largest in the U.S. with 1,163,150 homes (1.045% of the total U.S.).<ref name="nielsen">Holmes, Gary. [http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nielsen-reports-11-increase-in-us-television-households-for-the-2006-2007-season-56231032.html Nielsen Reports 1.1% increase in U.S. Television Households for the 2006–2007 Season] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120125716/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nielsen-reports-11-increase-in-us-television-households-for-the-2006-2007-season-56231032.html |date=January 20, 2017 }}. ''[[Nielsen Media Research]].'' August 23, 2006. Retrieved on January 26, 2008.</ref> The major network television stations include [[KDKA-TV]] 2 ([[CBS]]), [[WTAE-TV|WTAE]] 4 ([[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]), [[WPXI]] 11 ([[NBC]]), [[WINP-TV]] 16 ([[Ion Television|Ion]]), [[WPKD-TV]] 19 ([[Independent station|Independent]]), [[WPNT]] 22 ([[The CW]]/[[MyNetworkTV]]), [[WPCB]] 40 ([[Cornerstone Television|Cornerstone]]), and [[WPGH-TV]] 53 ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]]). KDKA-TV, WINP-TV, and WPCB are owned-and-operated by their respective networks.

[[WQED (TV)|WQED]] 13 is the local [[PBS]] member station in Pittsburgh. It was established on April 1, 1954, and was the first community-sponsored television station and the fifth public station in the United States. The station has produced much original content for PBS, including ''[[Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood]]'', several [[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]] specials, and ''[[Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? (game show)|Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?]]''<ref name="WQED">{{cite web |last1=Hoover |first1=Bob |last2=Kalson |first2=Sally |last3=Vancher |first3=Barbara |title=WQED at 50: Born in television's Golden Age, Pittsburgh's public broadcasting station pioneered educational programming |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/ae/tv/2004/03/28/WQED-at-50-Born-in-television-s-Golden-Age-Pittsburgh-s-public-broadcasting-station-pioneered-educational-programming/stories/200403280162 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |access-date=December 4, 2021 |date=March 28, 2004}}</ref>

===Radio===
A wide variety of [[Radio broadcasting|radio stations]] serve the Pittsburgh market. The first was [[KDKA (AM)|KDKA]] 1020 AM, also the world's first commercially licensed radio station, which began airing on November 2, 1920.<ref name="KDKA_AM_1020">{{cite web |url=http://ethw.org/KDKA,_First_Commercial_Radio_Station |title=KDKA, First Commercial Radio Station |website=ETHW|access-date=December 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211064835/http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/KDKA%2C_First_Commercial_Radio_Station |archive-date=February 11, 2015}}</ref> Other stations include [[KQV]] 1410 AM ([[News radio|news]]), [[WBGG (AM)|WBGG]] 970 AM ([[Sports radio|sports]]), [[KDKA-FM]] 93.7 FM (sports), [[WKST-FM]] 96.1 FM ([[Mainstream Top 40|Top 40]]), [[WAMO-AM]] 660 AM and 107.3 FM ([[Urban contemporary music|urban contemporary]]) [[WBZZ]] 100.7 FM ([[Adult contemporary music|adult contemporary]]), [[WDVE]] 102.5 FM ([[Album Rock|album rock]]), [[WPGB]] 104.7 FM (Country), and [[WXDX]] 105.9 FM ([[modern rock]]). There are also three [[public broadcasting|public radio stations]] in the area: [[WESA (FM)|WESA]] 90.5 FM ([[National Public Radio]] affiliate), [[WQED-FM|WQED]] 89.3 FM (classical), and [[WYEP]] 91.3 FM ([[Adult Alternative|adult alternative]]). Three non-commercial stations are run by [[Carnegie Mellon University]] ([[WRCT]] 88.3 FM), the [[University of Pittsburgh]] ([[WPTS]] 92.1 FM), and [[Point Park University]] ([[WPPJ]] 670 AM).

===Film===
Pittsburgh's 116-year-old film industry accelerated after the 2006 passage of the [[Pennsylvania Film Production Tax Credit]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/business/businessnews/2008/03/08/Film-workers-here-straining-to-keep-up-with-four-movies/stories/200803080136 |title=Film workers here straining to keep up with four movies |last=McNulty |first=Timothy |date=March 2, 2008 |website=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|access-date=December 4, 2021}}</ref> According to the [[Pittsburgh Film Office]], over 124 major motion pictures have been filmed, in whole or in part, in Pittsburgh, including ''[[The Mothman Prophecies]]'', ''[[Wonder Boys (film)|Wonder Boys]]'',<ref name="post-gazette.com">{{cite web |last=Purvey |first=Lee |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/ae/movies/2013/09/01/A-look-at-movie-locations-around-Pittsburgh/stories/201309010136 |title=A look at movie locations around Pittsburgh |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=September 1, 2013 |access-date=May 24, 2016}}</ref> ''[[Dogma (film)|Dogma]]'',<ref name="post-gazette.com"/> ''[[Hoffa (film)|Hoffa]]'', ''[[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|The Silence of the Lambs]]'',<ref name="post-gazette.com"/> ''[[Sudden Death (1995 film)|Sudden Death]]'', ''[[Flashdance]]'',<ref name="post-gazette.com"/> [[Southpaw (film)|''Southpaw'']], ''[[Striking Distance]]'', ''[[Mrs. Soffel]]'', [[Jack Reacher (film)|''Jack Reacher'']], ''[[Inspector Gadget (film)|Inspector Gadget]]'', ''[[The Next Three Days]]'', ''[[The Perks of Being a Wallflower]]'',<ref name="post-gazette.com"/> ''[[Zack and Miri Make a Porno]]'', and ''[[Fences (film)|Fences]]''.<ref name="post-gazette.com"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Eberson |first1=Sharon |title='Fences' film shoot generated $9.4&nbsp;million for Pittsburgh businesses, hires |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/ae/movies/2017/01/05/Fences-film-shoot-generated-9-4-million-for-Pittsburgh-businesses-hires-august-wilson/stories/201701050147|access-date=January 5, 2017 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |publisher=PG Publishing Co., Inc. |date=January 5, 2017}}</ref> Pittsburgh became "Gotham City" in 2011 during filming of ''[[The Dark Knight Rises]]''.<ref name="Film"/> [[George A. Romero]] shot nearly all his films in the area, including his ''[[Romero's Dead series|Living Dead]]'' series.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Phox |first=Jason |date=October 21, 2022 |title=It's scary how much George Romero still influences Pittsburgh's film industry |work=NEXTPittsburgh |url=https://nextpittsburgh.com/latest-news/its-scary-how-much-george-romero-still-influences-pittsburghs-film-industry/ |access-date=November 14, 2023}}</ref> From 2017 to 2023, Pittsburgh welcomed a series of major film and television productions like ''[[Fences (film)|Fences]]'', ''[[Mindhunter (TV series)|Mindhunter]]'', ''[[Ma Rainey's Black Bottom]]'', ''[[Sweet Girl (film)|Sweet Girl]]'', and ''[[I'm Your Woman (film)|I'm Your Woman]]'', significantly contributing to the local economy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nextpittsburgh.com/features/the-16-best-movies-ever-made-in-pittsburgh/|title=The 16 best movies ever made in Pittsburgh|first=Michael|last=Machosky|date=December 26, 2020|website=NEXTpittsburgh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motionpictures.org/press/mpaa-unveils-latest-state-by-state-figures-on-economic-impact-of-film-and-television-industry/|title=MPAA Unveils Latest State-By-State Figures on Economic Impact of Film and Television Industry}}</ref>

Film production in Pittsburgh has notably impacted the region's economy and job creation, largely due to the 25% tax credit incentive established in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pghfilm.org/|title=Pittsburgh Film Office – The Pittsburgh Film Office is a non-profit economic development agency promoting southwestern Pennsylvania to the film industry.}}</ref><ref name="Film Pittsburgh">{{Cite web|url=https://filmpittsburgh.org/|title=Film Pittsburgh |website=filmpittsburgh.org}}</ref> The Pittsburgh Film Office states that the film and television industry provides employment to over 10,000 people and pays over $500 million in wages in southwestern Pennsylvania.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pghfilm.org/for-crew-and-talent/casting-notices |title=Casting Notices |publisher=Pittsburgh Film Office}}</ref> Furthermore, the industry supports over 345,000 local businesses and contributes over $41 billion to them.<ref name="Film Pittsburgh"/>

Pittsburgh is home to several film festivals, film schools, and organizations that encourage and promote independent and diverse filmmakers. Notable film festivals include the [[Three Rivers Film Festival]], the Pittsburgh Shorts Film Festival, the JFilm Festival, the ReelAbilities Film Festival, and the Black Bottom Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://filmpittsburgh.org/pages/festivals|title=Festivals|website=filmpittsburgh.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.visitpittsburgh.com/events-festivals/film-festivals/|title=Film Festivals in Pittsburgh &#124; Pittsburgh Annual Events|website=Visit Pittsburgh}}</ref> The local film schools include [[Pittsburgh Filmmakers]], [[Point Park University]] - Cinema & Digital Arts, and [[University of Pittsburgh]] - Film Studies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.k12academics.com/national-directories/film-schools/Pennsylvania/Pittsburgh|title=Film Schools in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania &#124; K12 Academics|date=February 6, 2014|website=www.k12academics.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmstudies.pitt.edu/|title=Film & Media Studies |publisher=University of Pittsburgh |access-date=January 20, 2025}}</ref>

Pittsburgh's film studio infrastructure includes several sound stages and production facilities available for hire. Prominent film studios in Pittsburgh are 3 Rivers Studios, Cinelease Studios, Post Script Films, Deeplocal, and The Videohouse.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://3riversstudios.com/|title=3 Rivers Studios|website=3riversstudios.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cineleasestudios.com/pittsburgh-studio/|title=Pittsburgh &#124; Cinelease Studios|website=cineleasestudios.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://postscriptproductions.com/|title=Video Production Services Pittsburgh &#124; Post Script Productions|website=Post Script Productions LLC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deeplocal.com/|title=Deeplocal – Creative Technology & Experience Design|website=Deeplocal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thevideohouse.com/|title=Video Production Pittsburgh &#124; The Videohouse &#124; TV Crews|website=thevideohouse.com}}</ref> There are also plans in the pipeline to develop a new film studio complex at the [[Carrie Furnace]] site in [[Rankin, Pennsylvania|Rankin]] and [[Swissvale]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nextpittsburgh.com/city-design/hollywood-of-appalachia-carrie-furnace-gets-7-6-million-for-movie-studio/|title=Hollywood of Appalachia? Carrie Furnace gets $7.6 million for movie studio|first=Michael|last=Machosky|date=July 25, 2022|website=NEXTpittsburgh}}</ref>

==Utilities==
{{Further|Allegheny County Sanitary Authority}}

The city is served by [[Duquesne Light]], one of the original 1912 power companies founded by [[George Westinghouse]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beaver |first=William |date=1987 |title=Duquesne Light and Shippingport: Nuclear Power Is Born in Western Pennsylvania |url=https://journals.psu.edu/wph/article/view/4078/3895 |journal=The Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine |volume=70 |pages=339–58}}</ref> Water service is provided by the [[Pittsburgh Water and Sewer Authority]]<ref name="PWSA">{{cite web |url=http://www.pgh2o.com/index.htm |title=Pittsburgh Water and Sewer Authority – Home |publisher=Pittsburgh Water and Sewer Authority|access-date=November 19, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516165911/http://www.pgh2o.com/index.htm|archive-date=May 16, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Pennsylvania American Water]]. Natural gas is provided by [[Equitable Gas]], [[Columbia Gas]], [[Dominion Resources]], [[Direct Energy]], and Novec.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.puc.pa.gov/consumer_info/natural_gas/natural_gas_shopping/natural_gas_suppliers_list_.aspx |title=PUC – Natural Gas Suppliers List|access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref>

==Health care==
{{See also|List of hospitals in Pittsburgh}}
{{multiple image
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 | caption1 = [[UPMC Presbyterian]]
 | image2 = Allegheny General Hospital 2017.jpg
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}}

The two largest area health care providers are the [[University of Pittsburgh Medical Center]] (UPMC) (since 1893) and [[Allegheny Health Network]] (since 1882).

The first military hospital in U.S. history and the first west of the Atlantic Plain—General Edward Hand Hospital—served the area from 1777 to 1845.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KAA3d0rsCy4C&q=edward+hand+hospital+1777&pg=PA13 |title=Ingram|access-date=June 11, 2015 |isbn=9780738549934 |last1=Society |first1=Ingram Historical |date=August 1, 2007|publisher=Arcadia }}</ref> Since 1847, Pittsburgh has hosted the world's first "Mercy Hospital".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.upmc.com/HospitalsFacilities/Hospitals/Mercy/about/Pages/mission-and-history.aspx |title=UPMC Hospitals|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223134412/http://www.upmc.com/HospitalsFacilities/Hospitals/Mercy/about/Pages/mission-and-history.aspx|archive-date=February 23, 2012|url-status=dead }}</ref> This was followed by West Penn hospital in 1848, Passavant Hospital in 1849,<ref name="chronology"/> the [[University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine]] in 1883, Children's Hospital in 1887, and [[Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC|Magee Womens Hospital]] in 1911. In 1954, Allegheny General (AGH) was among the first to administer [[Cobalt therapy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZHxIAAAAIBAJ&pg=3198%2C5600650 |title=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette – Google News Archive Search|access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref>

In 1980, UPMC announced a $250&nbsp;million (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|250000000|1979|r=1}}}} today) expansion and also hired transplant pioneer [[Thomas Starzl]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/newslinks/timeline1961.asp |title=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette – News Links |website=Post-gazette.com |access-date=May 24, 2016}}</ref> In 1984, Allegheny General surgeons pioneered modern brain surgery. Starzl arranged the 1985 liver transplant of 5-year-old Amie Garrison as a UPMC surgery team flew to [[Baylor University]], starting its transplant program.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XeIhAAAAIBAJ&dq=stormie%20jones&pg=4652%2C335840 |title=The Pittsburgh Press – Google News Archive Search|access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref> Also in 1985, UPMC surgeons Drs. Griffith, Hardesty, and Trento revealed a new device after a heart-lung transplant. In 1986, UPMC announced a $230&nbsp;million (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|230000000|1986|r=1}}}} today) modernization. In 1996, UPMC's planned Sicily [[ISMETT]] branch was approved by the Italian government as transplant surgeons to supervise and deliver the world's third (both earlier ones done at UPMC)--and first public—cross species marrow transplant at [[University of California, San Francisco]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Altman |first=Lawrence K. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/15/us/man-gets-baboon-marrow-in-risky-aids-treatment.html |title=Man Gets Baboon Marrow in Risky AIDS Treatment |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 15, 1995 |access-date=May 24, 2016}}</ref> UPMC's Thomas Detre founded the [[International Society for Bipolar Disorders]] at a world medical conference in Pittsburgh in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.isbd.org/edcenter/aboutisbd.asp |title=About ISBD |access-date=February 5, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722185336/http://www.isbd.org/edcenter/aboutisbd.asp |archive-date=July 22, 2012}}</ref>

The $80&nbsp;million (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|80000000|2000|r=1}}}} today) [[UPMC Sports Performance Complex]] for the [[Pittsburgh Panthers]] & [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] opened in 2000. In 2002, AGH opened its $30&nbsp;million (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|30000000|2001|r=1}}}} today), 5-floor, 100,000 sq. ft., cancer center. The $130&nbsp;million (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|130000000|2002|r=1}}}} today) 350,000 sq. ft. [[Hillman Cancer Center]] opened in 2003 as UPMC entered into an 8-year, $420&nbsp;million (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|420000000|2004|r=1}}}} today) agreement with [[IBM]] to upgrade medical technologies & health information systems.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

In 2009, the $600&nbsp;million (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|600000000|2008|r=1}}}} today) [[UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh]] opened. The campus was featured in world news in 2012 for several unique approaches to patient care.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/superhero-window-washers-19325809 |title=Superhero Window Washers Video |website=Abcnews.go.com |access-date=May 24, 2016}}</ref> UPMC officially adopted in [[Erie, Pennsylvania]]'s [[UPMC Hamot|Hamot Medical Center]] in 2010. The [[Pittsburgh Penguins]] announced a state of the art training facility with UPMC in 2012.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/local/neighborhoods-north/penguins-plan-sports-training-medicine-complex-in-cranberry-642087/?p=0 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |title=Home – Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705071803/http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/local/neighborhoods-north/penguins-plan-sports-training-medicine-complex-in-cranberry-642087/?p=0 |archive-date=July 5, 2012}}</ref> UPMC announced in 2013 it had partnered with [[Nazarbayev University]] to help found its medical school.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/news/education/pitts-medical-school-to-help-nazarbayev-university-in-kazakhstan-develop-its-own-696530/ |title=Pitt's medical school to help Nazarbayev University in Kazakhstan develop its own |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref>

===Health discoveries===
While he was a professor at the [[University of Pittsburgh]], American virologist [[Jonas Salk]] developed one of the first successful [[polio vaccine]]s, which came into use in 1955.

UPMC has pioneered several world firsts including the first known cystic fibrosis heart-lung transplant (1983), the world's first simultaneous liver and heart transplant operation on a child (6-year-old [[Stormie Jones]] in 1984), the youngest heart-lung transplant (9 years old in 1985), the world's first heart-liver-kidney transplant (1989), the world's first heart-liver transplant on an infant (1997),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LLJRAAAAIBAJ&dq=pittsburgh%20transplant&pg=3655%2C5222896 |title=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref> the first pediatric heart-double lung-liver transplant (1998), the nation's first double hand transplant (2009), and the first total forearm and hand transplant (2010), as well as the state's first heart transplant (1968).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LctdAAAAIBAJ&dq=heart%20bahnson&pg=2713%2C619393 |title=Observer-Reporter – Google News Archive Search|access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clpgh.org/research/pittsburgh/history/pghsts1.html |title=Pittsburgh Firsts: By Event, Pennsylvania Department, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh|access-date=February 5, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112152702/http://www.clpgh.org/research/pittsburgh/history/pghsts1.html|archive-date=January 12, 2016}}</ref>

''[[The Lancet]]'' published a 2012 UPMC study of two 9-year quadriplegics being able to move a robotic arm by thought, to pick up objects, shake hands, and even eat. Wiring the brain around spine damage to restore arm and leg muscle function was successful using robotic arms controlled via an embedded computer to translate signals near a small group of neurons with 200 needles.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/news/health/pitt-team-inserts-computer-chip-in-brain-so-a-persons-thoughts-can-instigate-motion-666707 |title=Pitt team inserts computer chip in brain so a person's thoughts can instigate motion |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-date=February 7, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207011641/http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/news/health/pitt-team-inserts-computer-chip-in-brain-so-a-persons-thoughts-can-instigate-motion-666707/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Transportation==
{{Main|Transportation in Pittsburgh}}
[[File:Pittsburgh - Acrisure Stadium and Skyline (53910936115).jpg|thumb|Aerial view of some of Pittsburgh's numerous bridges]]

Pittsburgh is a [[Bridges of Pittsburgh|city of bridges]]. With 446,<ref name="venice">{{cite news |url=http://kdka.com/local/bridge.Pittsburgh.2.383456.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091121222948/http://kdka.com/local/bridge.Pittsburgh.2.383456.html|archive-date=November 21, 2009 |title=Pittsburgh has Plenty of Bridges |work=[[KDKA-TV]] |date=June 16, 2006|access-date=July 8, 2009}}</ref> it has three bridges more than [[Venice]], Italy, which has historically held the title "City of Bridges".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abridgetovenezia.com/ponts.php?langue=en |title=Bridges of Venice |access-date=April 6, 2010 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707075415/http://www.abridgetovenezia.com/ponts.php?langue=en |archive-date=July 7, 2011}}. abridgetovenezia.com</ref> Around 40 bridges cross the three rivers near the city. The [[Smithfield Street Bridge]] was the world's first lenticular truss bridge. The city's [[Three Sisters Bridges]] offer a picturesque view of the city from the North. The southwestern "entrance" to Downtown for travelers coming in from [[Interstate 79]] and the [[Pittsburgh International Airport]] is through the [[Fort Pitt Tunnel]] and over the [[Fort Pitt Bridge]]. The [[Fort Duquesne Bridge]] carrying [[Interstate 279]] is the main gateway from Downtown to both [[PNC Park]], [[Acrisure Stadium]] and the [[Rivers Casino (Pittsburgh)|Rivers Casino]]. The [[Panhandle Bridge]] carries Pittsburgh Regional Transit's Blue/Red/Silver subway lines across the [[Monongahela River]]. The renovated [[Jones and Laughlin Steel Company|J&L Steel Company]] bridge has been a key traffic/running-biking trail conduit connecting the [[Southside Works]] and [[Pittsburgh Technology Center]]. Over 2,000 bridges span the landscape of Allegheny County.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gray |first1=Richard |last2=Greene |first2=Brian |last3=Fandray |first3=Ryan |last4=Turka |first4=Robert |title=Geology of Pittsburgh |date=2015 |publisher=Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists |page=44 |url=https://aeg.memberclicks.net/assets/docs/Geology%20of%20Pittsburgh%20Book.pdf |access-date=5 April 2024}}</ref>

===Public transportation statistics===
Pittsburgh is served by [[Pittsburgh Regional Transit]], the 26th-largest transit agency in the country prior to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]]. The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Pittsburgh, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 73 minutes, while 23% of public transit riders ride for more than two hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 17 minutes, while 33% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is {{convert|6.3|km|order=flip|abbr=on}}, while 11% travel for over {{convert|12|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} in a single direction.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_USA_Pittsburgh_PA-1145 |title=Pittsburgh, PA Public Transportation Statistics |publisher=Global Public Transit Index by Moovit|access-date=June 19, 2017}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]].</ref>

===Expressways and highways===
{| style="float: right;" border="0"
|-
! colspan="2" | Expressways
! colspan="3"  | Other Highways
|-
| [[File:I-279.svg|30px]] || [[Interstate 279|Parkway North]]
|| [[File:US 19.svg|25px]] || [[U.S. Route 19 in Pennsylvania|US 19]]
|| [[File:PA-88.svg|25px]] [[Pennsylvania Route 88|PA 88]]
|-
| [[File:I-376.svg|30px]]<br />[[File:US 22.svg|14px]] [[File:US 30.svg|14px]] || [[Interstate 376|Parkway East & West]]
|| [[File:Truck plate.svg|25px]]<br />[[File:US 19.svg|25px]] || [[U.S. Route 19 Truck (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)|<small>Truck</small><br />US 19]]
|| [[File:PA-121.svg|25px]] [[Pennsylvania Route 121|PA 121]]
|-
| [[File:I-579.svg|30px]] || [[Interstate 579|Crosstown]]
|| [[File:PA-8.svg|25px]] || [[Pennsylvania Route 8|PA 8]]
|| [[File:PA-130.svg|25px]] [[Pennsylvania Route 130|PA 130]]
|-
| [[File:PA-28.svg|25px]] || [[Pennsylvania Route 28|Allegheny Valley Expressway]]
|| [[File:PA-50.svg|25px]] || [[Pennsylvania Route 50|PA 50]]
|| [[File:PA-380.svg|25px]] [[Pennsylvania Route 380|PA 380]]
|-
| [[File:PA-65.svg|25px]] || [[Pennsylvania Route 65|Ohio River Boulevard]]
|| [[File:PA-51.svg|25px]] || [[Pennsylvania Route 51|PA 51]]
|| [[File:PA-837.svg|25px]] [[Pennsylvania Route 837|PA 837]]
|-
| {{nbsp}} || {{nbsp}}
|| [[File:PA-60.svg|25px]] || [[Pennsylvania Route 60|PA 60]]
|| [[File:PA-885.svg|25px]] [[Pennsylvania Route 885|PA 885]]
|}
[[File:Pittsburgh (view from the North Hills).JPG|thumb|[[Interstate 279|I-279]]]]

Locals refer to the interstates fanning out from [[downtown Pittsburgh]] as the "parkways." [[Interstate 376]] is both the "parkway east" connecting to [[Interstate 76 (Ohio–New Jersey)|Interstate 76]] ([[Pennsylvania Turnpike]]) and the "parkway west" connecting to [[Interstate 79]], the [[Pittsburgh International Airport]], the Ohio end of the Turnpike and [[Interstate 80]]. The "parkway north" is [[Interstate 279]] connecting to I-79. The "crosstown" is [[Interstate 579]] allowing access to the heart of downtown, the [[Liberty Tunnels]] and the [[PPG Paints Arena]]. The 45-mile-long and 70-mile-long expressway sections of [[Pennsylvania Route 28]] and [[U.S. Route 22]] also carry traffic from downtown to the northeast and western suburbs, respectively. [[Interstate 70]], 79 and 76 (the Turnpike) roughly form a triangular-shaped "beltway" with [[Interstate 68]] and 80 within the media market's northern and southern limits. Turnpike spurs such as the [[Mon–Fayette Expressway]], [[Pennsylvania Route 576]] and [[Pennsylvania Route 66#Amos K. Hutchinson Bypass|Route 66]] also help traffic flow. The non-expressway [[Pittsburgh/Allegheny County Belt System]] serves navigation in the region.

===Airports===
{{Main|Pittsburgh metropolitan area#Airports}}

[[Pittsburgh International Airport]] provides commercial passenger service from over 15 airlines to the [[Pittsburgh metropolitan area]]. [[Arnold Palmer Regional Airport]] also provides limited commercial passenger service and is {{convert|44|mi}} east of Pittsburgh.

Other airports that have or have had scheduled commercial service include [[Morgantown Municipal Airport]] ({{convert|79|mi}} south of Pittsburgh), [[Youngstown–Warren Regional Airport]] ({{convert|81|mi}} northwest of Pittsburgh), [[Akron–Canton Airport]] ({{convert|120|mi}} northwest of Pittsburgh), [[Johnstown–Cambria County Airport]] ({{convert|60|mi}} east of Pittsburgh) and [[Erie International Airport]] ({{convert|123|mi}} north of Pittsburgh).

===Intercity passenger rail and bus===
{{main|Union Station (Pittsburgh)|Grant Street Transportation Center}}

[[Amtrak]] provides intercity rail service to [[Union Station (Pittsburgh)|Pittsburgh Union Station]], via the ''[[Capitol Limited (Amtrak train)|Capitol Limited]]'' between Chicago and Washington, D.C., and the ''[[Pennsylvanian (train)|Pennsylvanian]]'' to New York City.

[[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]], [[Greyhound Lines]], and [[Fullington Trailways]] connect Pittsburgh with distant cities by bus; Greyhound and Fullington Trailways buses stop at the [[Grant Street Transportation Center]] intercity bus terminal. Popular destinations include [[Philadelphia]], [[New York City]], and [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greyhound.com/bus/pittsburgh-pa|title=Discover Pittsburgh's Neighborhoods}}</ref>

Until declines in passenger travel in the 1950s and 1960s, several stations served Pittsburgh: [[Baltimore and Ohio Station (Pittsburgh)|Baltimore & Ohio Station]], [[Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad Station]], [[Wabash Pittsburgh Terminal]] and Pittsburgh Union Station.

===Regional mass transit===
{{main|Pittsburgh Light Rail|Port Authority of Allegheny County#Bus rapid transit}}
[[File:Steel Plaza Subway Station.JPG|thumb|[[Steel Plaza (PAT station)|Steel Plaza subway station]]]]

[[Port Authority of Allegheny County|Pittsburgh Regional Transit]], formerly known as the Port Authority of Allegheny County, is the region's mass transit system. While serving only a portion of the Pittsburgh area, the nation's 20th-largest metropolitan area, it is the 11th-largest transit agency in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://triblive.com/news/allegheny/4968949-74/pittsburgh-cities-among |title=Pittsburgh ranked eighth among large cities for commuting without cars |work=TribLIVE.com |access-date=June 11, 2015}}</ref> Pittsburgh Regional Transit runs a network of intracity and intercity bus routes, the [[Monongahela Incline]] [[Funicular]] railway (more commonly known as an "incline") on Mount Washington, a [[Pittsburgh Light Rail|light rail]] system that runs mostly above-ground in the suburbs and underground as a subway in the city, and one of the nation's largest [[bus rapid transit|busway]] systems.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apta.com/research/stats/ridership/riderep/documents/07q1bus.pdf |work=American Public Transportation Association |title=Largest Transit Agencies|access-date=July 6, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927220849/http://www.apta.com/research/stats/ridership/riderep/documents/07q1bus.pdf|archive-date=September 27, 2007}}</ref> Pittsburgh Regional Transit owns the [[Duquesne Incline]] but it is operated by a non-profit preservation trust,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.duquesneincline.org/ |title=Duquesne Incline, historic cable car railway serving commuters and tourists since 1877, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |publisher=Incline.pghfree.net |date=October 14, 2008 |access-date=January 5, 2009}}</ref> but accepts Pittsburgh Regional Transit passes and charges PRT fares.

The Bus System lines are [[List of bus routes in Pittsburgh|labeled by number and letter]]. These are the largest portion of Pittsburgh Regional Transit and serve on streets and designated busways. Buses serve most of the county, extending as far as [[Pittsburgh International Airport]], [[Monroeville, Pennsylvania|Monroeville]], [[McCandless, Pennsylvania|McCandless]], and the borders of [[Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania|Westmoreland County]] and [[Beaver County, Pennsylvania]]. Meanwhile, [[Pittsburgh Light Rail|the light rail system]] (commonly known as the "T") runs along both new tracks and those refurbished from the streetcar era. The light rail runs from [[Acrisure Stadium]] to [[South Hills Village]] and [[Library, Pennsylvania|Library]], taking commuters through one of two routes: one which serves [[Castle Shannon, Pennsylvania|Castle Shannon]], [[Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania|Mt. Lebanon]], and [[Beechview (Pittsburgh)|Beechview]], and the other is an express line using railways through [[Overbrook (Pittsburgh)|Overbrook]].

===Freight rail===
[[File:Pittsburgh Penn Station (6962200876).jpg|thumb|[[Union Station (Pittsburgh)|Union Station]], built in 1903]]
Pittsburgh's rail industry dates to 1851 when the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] first opened service between the Pittsburgh and [[Philadelphia]]. The [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] entered the city in 1871. In 1865, [[Andrew Carnegie]] opened the [[Pittsburgh Locomotive and Car Works]], which manufactured for the industry until 1919. Carnegie also founded the [[Union Railroad (Pittsburgh)|Union Railroad]] in 1894 for heavy freight services and it still serves the area's steel industry, while [[George Westinghouse]]'s [[Wabtec]] has been a leader in rail engines and switching since 1869.

Pittsburgh is home to one of [[Norfolk Southern Railway]]'s busiest freight corridors, the [[Pittsburgh Line]], and operates up to 70 trains per day through the city. The suburban [[Conway Yard|Conway Rail Yard]], built in 1889, was the largest freight rail center in the world from 1956 until 1980 and is today the nation's second-largest. [[CSX]], the other major freight railroad in the eastern U.S., also has [[Pittsburgh Subdivision|major operations]] around Pittsburgh.

===Port===
The [[Port of Pittsburgh Commission|Port of Pittsburgh]] ranks as the [[List of ports in the United States|20th-largest port]] in the United States with almost 34&nbsp;million short tons of river cargo for 2011. The port ranked ninth-largest in the U.S. when measured in domestic trade.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/PDFs/2011%20U%20S%20%20PORT%20RANKINGS%20BY%20CARGO%20TONNAGE.pdf |title=U.S. PORT RANKING BY CARGO VOLUME 2011 : Short Tons : Foreign Trade |website=Aapa.files.cms-plus.com\access-date=2016-05-24}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{main|List of people from Pittsburgh}}

==Sister cities==
Pittsburgh's [[Sister city|sister cities]] are:<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Sister Cities |url=https://www.sistercitiespgh.org/sister-cities |website=sistercitiespgh.org |publisher=Sister Cities Association of Pittsburgh |access-date=March 9, 2022 |archive-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519061309/https://www.sistercitiespgh.org/sister-cities |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{colbegin|colwidth=20em}}
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Bilbao]], Spain
* {{flagicon|VIE}} [[Da Nang]], Vietnam
* {{flagicon|PRY}} [[Fernando de la Mora, Paraguay|Fernando de la Mora]], Paraguay
* {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Gaziantep]], Turkey
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Glasgow]], Scotland
* {{flagicon|ISR}} [[Karmiel]], Israel
* {{flagicon|CUB}} [[Matanzas]], Cuba
* {{flagicon|ISR}} [[Misgav Regional Council|Misgav]], Israel
* {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Naucalpan]], Mexico
* {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Ostrava]], Czech Republic
* {{flagicon|SVK}} [[Prešov]], Slovakia
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Saarbrücken]], Germany
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Saitama (city)|Saitama]], Japan
* {{flagicon|NIC}} [[San Isidro, Matagalpa|San Isidro]], Nicaragua
* {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Sheffield]], England{{efn|Pittsburgh and Sheffield are both known as [[Steel City]] for their connections with the steel industry.}}
* {{flagicon|MKD}} [[Skopje]], North Macedonia
* {{flagicon|BUL}} [[Sofia]], Bulgaria
* {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Wuhan]], China
* {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Zagreb]], Croatia
{{colend}}

==See also==
{{portal|Pennsylvania|Cities}}
* [[Greater Pittsburgh Region]]
* [[List of fiction set in Pittsburgh]]
* [[List of municipalities in Pennsylvania]]
* [[List of people from Pittsburgh]]

== Explanatory notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
* Allen Dieterich-Ward, ''Beyond Rust: Metropolitan Pittsburgh and the Fate of Industrial America'' (U of Pennsylvania Press, 2016). viii, 347 pp.
* Kenneth J. Kobus, ''City of Steel: How Pittsburgh Became the World's Steelmaking Capital During the Carnegie Era.'' Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2015.
* Charles McCollester, ''[[The Point of Pittsburgh]]: Production and Struggle at the Forks of the Ohio.'' Pittsburgh, PA: Battle of Homestead Foundation, 2008.

==External links==
{{Sister project links|voy=Pittsburgh}}
* {{official website|https://pittsburghpa.gov/}}
* [https://www.visitpittsburgh.com/ Pittsburgh Convention and Visitors Bureau – Tourism]
* [https://historicpittsburgh.org/pittsburgh-maps Historic Pittsburgh Maps Collection]
* [https://pittsburghquarterly.com/pittsburgh-today.html PittsburghTODAY Regional benchmarks and statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029192844/https://pittsburghquarterly.com/pittsburgh-today.html |date=October 29, 2019 }}
* [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=TNEldfgDb5MC ''Pittsburgh Daily Gazette''], Google Newspaper archive. PDFs of 5,794 issues, dating primarily 1834–1841 and 1850–1863.
* {{GNIS|1214818|City of Pittsburgh}}

{{Geographic location
| Centre = Pittsburgh
| North = [[File:I-279.svg|25px]] [[File:I-79.svg|20px]] [[Butler, Pennsylvania|Butler]], [[Erie, Pennsylvania|Erie]]
| Northeast = [[File:PA-28.svg|20px]] [[Kittanning, Pennsylvania|Kittanning]], [[Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania|Punxsutawney]], [[Indiana, Pennsylvania|Indiana]]
| East = [[File:I-376.svg|25px]] [[File:US 22.svg|20px]] [[Penn Hills, Pennsylvania|Penn Hills]], [[Monroeville, Pennsylvania|Monroeville]], [[Altoona, Pennsylvania|Altoona]]
| Southeast = [[File:I-76.svg|20px]] [[Greensburg, Pennsylvania|Greensburg]], [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]]
| South = [[File:PA-51.svg|20px]] [[File:Turnpike-43.svg|20px]] [[California, Pennsylvania|California]], [[Uniontown, Pennsylvania|Uniontown]]
| Southwest = [[File:I-79.svg|20px]] [[File:I-70.svg|20px]] [[Washington, Pennsylvania|Washington]], [[Morgantown, West Virginia|Morgantown]], [[Wheeling, West Virginia|Wheeling]]
| West = [[File:I-376.svg|25px]] [[Moon Township, Pennsylvania|Moon Twp]], [[Pittsburgh International Airport]]
| Northwest = [[File:PA-65.svg|20px]] [[File:I-76.svg|20px]] [[New Castle, Pennsylvania|New Castle]], [[Cleveland]]
}}
{{Pittsburgh}}
{{Pittsburgh Metro Area}}
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[[Category:Pittsburgh| ]]
[[Category:1758 establishments in Pennsylvania]]
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[[Category:Inland port cities and towns in Pennsylvania]]
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