View source for Polish State Railways

{{Short description|Dominant railway operator in Poland}}
{{cleanup|reason=uncited opinion and improper synthesis throughout|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Polish State Railways<br />{{lang|pl|Polskie Koleje Państwowe (PKP)}}
| logo = PKP.svg
| type = [[Joint stock company|JSC]] ([[S.A. (corporation)|S.A.]])
| foundation = 24 September 1926
| location = [[Warszawa Zachodnia station]], [[Warsaw]], Poland
| key_people = Alan Beroud (President and CEO)<br>Jarosław Bełdowski (Chairman of the supervisory board)
| num_employees = 8220 (2017)
| industry = [[Rail transport]]
| assets_year = 2017
| owner = [[State Treasury|State Treasury of the Republic of Poland]]
| products = [[property management]], [[asset management]]
| revenue = 1.019 billion [[Polish złoty|PLN]]{{increase}}<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.pkp.pl/images/download/Raport_Grupy_PKP_2017_POL_rozkladowki.pdf|title=Raport roczny PKP (2017)|publisher=PKP|language=pl|access-date=22 January 2019}}</ref>
| revenue_year = 2017
| net_income = 192.8 million [[Polish złoty|PLN]] {{increase}}<ref name=":0" />
| net_income_year = 2017
| assets = 15.046 billion [[Polish złoty|PLN]] {{decrease}}<ref name=":0" />
| subsid = [[PKP Intercity]]<br />[[PKP Cargo]]<br />[[Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity)|Tricity SKM]]<br />[[PKP Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa]]<br />[[PKP Informatyka]]<br />Xcity Investment
| homepage = [http://www.pkp.pl/ www.pkp.pl]
}}

The '''Polish State Railways''' ({{langx|pl|Polskie Koleje Państwowe}} {{IPA|pl|ˈpɔlskʲɛ ˈkɔlɛjɛ paj̃ˈstfɔvɛ|}}, [[abbreviation|abbr.]]: PKP [[S.A. (corporation)|S.A.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=PKP INFO {{!}} Informacje o PKP, lista dworców kolejowych |url=https://pkp.info.pl/ |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=pkp.info.pl}}</ref>) is a Polish [[State ownership|state-owned]] [[holding company]] (legally a [[:simple:sole-shareholder company of the State Treasury|sole-shareholder company of the State Treasury]]) comprising the rail transport holdings of the country's formerly dominant namesake [[Rail transport operations|railway operator]]. The company was reformed in 2001 when the former Polish State Railways state-owned enterprise was divided into several units based on the need for separation between infrastructure management and transport operations. Polish State Railways is the dominant company in the [[PKP Group]] collective that resulted from the split, and maintains 100% share control, being fully responsible for the assets of all of the other PKP Group component companies.

==PKP today==

PKP is currently the parent company of the PKP Group, passenger operators [[PKP Intercity]] and [[Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity)|PKP Szybka Kolej Miejska w Trójmieście]].  Freight carriers [[PKP Cargo]] and [[PKP Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa]] are also parts of the group. PKP is also one of the largest real estate managers in Poland.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.pkp.pl/pl/grupa-pkp/spolki-grupy |title=Spółki Grupy PKP |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher= PKP S.A.|access-date= 2024-05-19 |quote=}}</ref>

==History==
{{Main article|History of rail transport in Poland|Polish State Railroads in summer 1939}}

[[File:Brassey Barry Kent.jpg|thumb|right|A steam engine of the [[Warsaw–Terespol railway]], 1866]]

=== World War I and interwar years ===
Regaining independence on 11 November 1918 allowed Poland to reclaim the former Russian and Austrian sectors from military railways. The Railway Department in the Ministry of Communication was created and the Polish railways were officially named ''Polskie Koleje Państwowe''.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}

In December 1918, the [[Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919)|Greater Poland Uprising]] started. The rebels took over the former [[Prussia]]n sector of railways. One year later, after the [[Polish–Ukrainian War]] ended, the former Austrian railway directorate was taken over by Poland. Taking over the railways from Prussians lasted until 1921.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}

After Polish victory in the [[Polish–Soviet War]] (1920), the retreating Communists caused heavy damage to railways in eastern Poland. At the same time, tense relations with [[Lithuania]] led to  partial disintegration and stagnation of the railways around [[Vilnius]] and [[Minsk]]. The [[Libau–Romny Railway]] was not recovered.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}

The Polish railways administration finally took over the railways in [[Upper Silesia]] in 1922. That same year, a decision was made to divide railways in Poland into nine administrative districts.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}

An economic [[Great Depression|crisis in the 1930s]] forced the state to cut back its budget for railway investment. Profit decreased by 50% compared to 1929. The next year, over 23,000 PKP employees had been dismissed and protests and strikes caused authorities to try to find a solution. The end of the crisis and an increase in cargo transport and income came in 1937.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}

=== World War II ===
Following the German invasion on 1 September 1939 and the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] invasion of eastern Poland on 17 September 1939, most Polish rolling stock fell into Soviet hands.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}

[[File:Gdańsk (DerHexer) 2010-07-12 016.jpg|thumb|left|[[Gdańsk Główny (PKP station)|Gdańsk Główny]] is one of Poland's largest [[Categories of Polish rail stations|category A]] stations.]]
The Polish railways in Silesia, [[Greater Poland]] and [[Pomerania]] were adopted by German railways [[Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft|Deutsche Reichsbahn]] on 25 September. The Polish railways in Generalgouvernement became Ostbahn.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}

Until the last moment before the [[Operation Barbarossa|German attack on the Soviet Union]] in 1941, cargo trains transported goods from the Soviet Union to Germany. The beginning of German attacks on the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941 resulted in the possession of railway and rolling stock by the [[Ostbahn (General Government)|Ostbahn]] and the possession of PKP [[rolling stock]] with [[Russian broad gauge|Russian Broad Gauge]] track and reconstruction to standard gauge. The beginning of organized [[sabotage]] by the [[Poland|Polish]] resistance movement on railways took place about the same time.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}

[[File:WK14 Wrocław dyrekcja kolei (2) Travelarz.jpg|right|thumb|PKP regional headquarters in [[Wrocław]]]]
In 1942, production of simple military-use DR ''Kriegslok'' BR52 ([[PKP class Ty2]]) [[steam locomotives]] began in Poznań and [[Chrzanów]]; the steam boilers for these [[locomotives]] were produced in [[Sosnowiec]].

The [[Warsaw Uprising]] caused widespread damage of Warsaw rolling stock, network and electric traction; both bridges over the Vistula River and the tunnel on the [[Warsaw Cross-City Line]] were destroyed.

At the beginning of 1945, the Ministry of Transport was created, as well as the Regional Directorate of National Railways. Many pre-war locomotives were sent to the Soviet Union. Poland received German locomotives as a compensation for war losses. In June, the rail connection with [[Warsaw]] was opened, using a temporary railway station made of warehouses. On 15 September 1945, PKP took over management of all railway lines on former German, [[Recovered Territories|now Polish Western and Northeastern land]] from the Soviet Union. Due to the Red Army's rapid advance into Germany proper, the railway lines of Silesia, [[Farther Pomerania]], and East Prussia largely remained intact, so that operations could be resumed. However, on many lines, the second track was removed and transported to the Soviet Union as war reparations. Because the Polish did have enough personnel, Germans continued their work, to be [[Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II|deported]] only in 1946. Revising station names took quite some time, often causing confusion because the decreed Polish names were once again changed. <ref>{{cite book|title=Eisenbahnen zwischen Oder und Weichsel|author=Hans-Wolfgang Scharf|publisher=Eisenbahn-Kurier-Verlag|year=1981|pages=523-534}}</ref> Maps of the Polish railroad network still reflect the borders drawn in 1945, because in the lands annexed in 1945, railroad lines are relatively dense. In the former territory of [[Congress Poland]], however, only a few still existing main lines had been built in the 19th century.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Mitropa 2014|title=Instrumente imperialer Politik? Eisenbahnen in Ostmitteleuropa im 19. Jahrhundert|publisher=Geisteswissenschaftliches Zentrum der Geschichte und Kultur Ostmitteleuropas|year=2014|pages=20-24}}</ref>

=== Post-war years ===
[[File:Ok1-359 at the coaling plant, Wolsztyn May 1991 (4143782603).jpg|thumb|A [[Trainspotters in the United Kingdom|British trainspotter]] walks in front of an [[PKP class Ok1|Ok1]] in [[Wolsztyn railway station|Wolsztyn]], 1991]]
During the mid-to-late communist era, the state of the Polish railways deteriorated to a large extent. Once a large and profitable network, the systemic lack of funding and failure to acquire new rolling stock left PKP far behind the railway operators of Western Europe in terms of technical advances and passenger comfort. In addition to this, the poor state of many rail lines throughout the country led to ever-increasing journey times for passengers, and as a result left the railways far less able to compete with intercity bus and air services. During the entire communist period, only one major infrastructural project relating to the railways was completed. This, the [[PKP rail line 4|Central Trunk Line]], was a prestige project completed in 1976, intended both for heavy coal transport and fast passenger services. This line for the first time allowed passengers to travel in comfort and at relatively high speed from [[Kraków]] and [[Katowice]] to Warsaw; however, high-speed services have never started, although test runs reached 250&nbsp;km/h in 1994. Moreover, despite the successful completion of the section from southern to central Poland, the planned extension to [[Gdańsk]] and the country's Baltic ports was never realised, and this significantly curtailed both the usefulness and potential of the line.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023|reason=This whole section lacks any sources and the comparison to Western Europe seems weak particularly with regards to the UK whose system didn’t ‘modernise’ until 1968 when it was half shut down}}

The PKP has been a tourist attraction for [[Trainspotters in the United Kingdom|British trainspotters]] since at least the mid-twentieth century.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chambers |first1=Keith |date=April 2017 |editor1-last=McCall |editor1-first=Iain |title=To Poland, Aged 13 |journal=[[Locomotives International]] |location=Upper Seagry |publisher=Mainline & Maritime |issue=107 |page=9 |issn=1353-7091}}</ref> The late withdrawal of steam power on the PKP system meant that Poland was an attractive destination for rail enthusiasts long after steam had ended on Britain’s railways. The last PKP steam shed in [[Wolsztyn]] has remained in operation as a result of this tourism and continues to operate regular steam hauled services.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fletcher |first1=Martin |date=14 February 2022 |title=Driving Europe’s last steam train: The Polish trip that puts rail enthusiasts at the controls of a ‘breathing dragon’ |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a33b9c53-a08b-4a71-9175-f5fe99a5f247 |access-date=29 January 2024 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220214171129/https://www.ft.com/content/a33b9c53-a08b-4a71-9175-f5fe99a5f247 |archive-date=14 February 2022 |work=[[Financial Times]] |location=Travel}}</ref>

=== 1990 to today ===
[[File:EIC 55 Berlin Poznan Gdynia.JPG|thumb|left|[[Dot matrix]] information board on a Polish [[PKP Intercity]] train from [[Berlin]] to [[Gdynia]] via [[Gdańsk]]]]
Since Poland's return to democracy in the early 1990s, the Polish State Railways have faced ever-increasing competition from private automotive transport and the country's rapidly expanding [[Highways in Poland|network of motorways and express roads]]. However, ever-decreasing journey times, better schedules which allow for well-coordinated connections, the rise of private operators and large-scale investment in infrastructure, in many cases aided by [[European Union]] funding, as well as new rolling stock is slowly enticing people back onto the railways.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pkpsa.pl/en/real-estate/investments.html|title=Investments|last=InterConSystems.pl|access-date=12 April 2017}}</ref>

On 14 December 2014 PKP Intercity Pendolino trains began operating on the CMK line (224&nbsp;km line from Kraków and Katowice to Warsaw) with trains reaching 200&nbsp;km/h (124&nbsp;mph) as a regularly scheduled operation. There is a plan by [[Polskie Linie Kolejowe|PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe]] (infrastructure manager) to increase speed to 250&nbsp;km/h on whole line soon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.portalsamorzadowy.pl/gospodarka-komunalna/w-2023-r-pojedziemy-polska-koleja-z-predkoscia-do-250-km-h,246356.html|title = W 2023 r. Pojedziemy polską koleją z prędkością do 250 km/H - Gospodarka komunalna}}</ref> In the day of 13 December 2020 the speed limit was raised to 200&nbsp;km/h also on the line from Warsaw to seaport [[Gdynia]] by [[New Pendolino]] train.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvp.info/51309422/rozklad-jazdy-pkp-zmiany-grudzien-2020-co-sie-zmienia-polaczenia-bilety|title = Nowy rozkład jazdy PKP. Sprawdź zmiany|date = 13 December 2020}}</ref>

{{Anchor|attack}}

== Sabotage ==
August 2023, a series of suspected sabotage events occurred. The "radio stop" command system has a vulnerability - when a certain three tonal signal is transmitted through the railway radio network, trains stop automatically.<ref name="wp-poland-investigates-train-mishaps">{{Cite news |last=Morris |first=Loveday |date=2023-08-28 |title=Poland investigates train mishaps for possible Russian connection |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/08/28/poland-hacking-trains-russia/ |access-date=2023-08-30 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> On August 25 at 9:23 pm on two sections of line near [[Szczecin]] a stop signal was broadcast by an unknown person.<ref name="wp-poland-investigates-train-mishaps" /> It affected more than 20 trains and freight traffic was stopped as a precaution.<ref name="wp-poland-investigates-train-mishaps" /> Services were restored within hours.<ref name="bbc-poland-investigates-cyberattack">{{Cite news |date=2023-08-27 |title=Poland investigates cyber-attack on rail network |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66630260 |access-date=2023-08-30 |publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> The next day at 6pm near [[Gdynia]] a second incident took place - a freight train was also affected later that evening.<ref name="wp-poland-investigates-train-mishaps" /> On the 27th trains near [[Białystok]] were affected by fake stop signals.<ref name="wp-poland-investigates-train-mishaps" /> Five passenger trains and one freight train were stopped.<ref name="wp-poland-investigating-disruptions">{{Cite news |date=2023-08-28 |title=Poland is investigating disruptions to train traffic from unauthorized radio signals |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2023/08/28/poland-railway-disruptions-arrest/ff7847d8-45d2-11ee-b76b-0b6e5e92090d_story.html |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Two men were arrested in connection with the disruption near Białystok.<ref name="wp-poland-investigating-disruptions" /> One suspect is a police officer.<ref name="wp-poland-investigating-disruptions" /> Prosecutors opened an investigation.<ref name="wp-poland-investigating-disruptions" /> On the 28th, Police in Białystok announced they had begun a dismissal procedure against the officer arrested on Sunday.<ref name="wp-poland-investigating-disruptions" /> Sixteen people have been arrested as suspects in spying for Russia.<ref name="wp-poland-investigating-disruptions" />

The disruptions are being investigated both by police and intelligence organisations, including the [[Internal Security Agency (Poland)|Internal Security Agency]].<ref name="wp-poland-investigating-disruptions" />

Some of the disruptive signals included the [[National anthem of Russia|Russian anthem]] and part of a speech by [[Vladimir Putin]].<ref name="bbc-poland-investigates-cyberattack" />

==Corporate Subdivisions==

===PKP Intercity===
[[File:Railway connections by PKP Intercity and Polregio, 2020.png|thumb|263x263px|Railway connections by [[PKP Intercity]] and [[Polregio]]]]
[[File:Polish Pendolino front 2.JPG|thumb|A [[PKP class ED250|PKP Intercity ED250]] [[New Pendolino]] at [[Wrocław Główny railway station|Wrocław Main Station]]]]
{{main article|PKP Intercity}}
PKP Intercity is a semi-independent division of PKP that operates long-distance passenger trains in Poland. It was founded in 2001 when, in preparation for separation between infrastructure management and transport operations, the Polish State Railways were reorganized into a number of independent operating companies under the unified direction of the [[PKP Group]].

PKP Intercity operates all InterCity trains in Poland as well as most of the country's [[EuroCity]] services throughout Europe. Although competition is rising in the long-distance rail travel market in Poland, PKP Intercity still holds a de facto monopoly in the industry, as its current market share represents almost 100% of the segment.

PKP Intercity's trains currently (2015) operate under the following brands:

*Express InterCity Premium (EIP) - Pendolino high-speed trains
*EuroCity (EC): International trains which operate major routes and require a reservation
*Express InterCity (EIC) - introduced in 2009, as a result, the train category EX was phased out
*InterCity (IC) - Intercity trains
*Twoje Linie Kolejowe (TLK) - Low cost, intercity trains
*InterCityBus (ICBUS)- Intercity coach services

===PKP Cargo===
[[File:Praha-Bubeneč, polský vlak.jpg|thumb|right|A PKP Cargo locomotive]]
{{Main article|PKP Cargo}}
PKP Cargo ({{WSE|PKP|PLPKPCR00011}}), founded in 2001 so as to satisfy a European Court ruling on the required restructuring of the Polish State Railways prior to joining the EU, is the PKP group company responsible for freight transport operations. It is currently the largest railway cargo carrier in Poland, and second-largest in the European Union.
The company was founded after dividing Polskie Koleje Państwowe (all-national rail operator) into several dozens of companies to meet European Union Standards.<ref>[http://gospodarka.gazeta.pl/gospodarka/1,33181,8358262,PKP_Cargo_chce_do_2015_r__osiagnac_lacznie_1_mld_zl.html]{{dead link|date=December 2017}}</ref>

PKP Cargo is owned by the PKP S.A. (50% + 1 share) and private investors.

===PKP Szybka Kolej Miejska===
{{Main article|Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity)}}
It is a railway transportation service that originally functioned in Poland's [[Tricity, Poland|Tricity area]] ([[Gdynia]], [[Sopot]] and [[Gdańsk]]). The system has since grown to cover a longer route, reaching towns like [[Słupsk]], [[Lębork]] and [[Wejherowo]].

It is serviced by [[electric multiple unit]] cars at a frequency of 6 minutes to half an hour between trains (depending on the time of day). It is comparable to subway service or light rail in other European cities. The Tricity area is uniquely suited for this mode of transport, as it's shaped in a relatively narrow north–south corridor between the [[Gdańsk Bay]] and the [[Tricity Landscape Park]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pkp.pl/english/grupa.php|title=SKM data from PKP Group site on PKP official site  |access-date=2007-01-21 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061212013608/http://www.pkp.pl/english/grupa.php |archive-date = 2006-12-12}}</ref>

===PKP Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa===
{{Main article|PKP Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa}}
PKP LHS is a company of the [[PKP Group]] responsible for infrastructure operation and freight transport on the [[PKP rail line 65|Broad Gauge Metallurgy Line]]. The line runs for about 400&nbsp;km from the [[Poland|Polish]]-[[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] border in Izow-Hrubieszów to Sławków Południowy (near [[Katowice]]).

The line was opened in 1979 and was used to import iron ore from the USSR, as well as to export coal and sulphur from Poland.
After the fall of communism and the economic changes of 1989 traffic on the line has much diminished.  At present various schemes are being tried to increase its profitability.
This line runs as a single-track line for almost 400&nbsp;km, from the Polish-[[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] border crossing just east of [[Hrubieszów]] to [[Sławków]] Południowy (near [[Katowice]]). It is used only for freight traffic, mainly iron ore and coal.  It is the westernmost broad gauge railway line in Europe that is connected to the broad gauge rail system of the countries which before 1991 constituted the [[Soviet Union]].

==Power supply ==

Electric train traction of Polish State Railway started in 1936 in Warsaw area and is performed since the beginning with 3&nbsp;kV DC. As of 1 January 2011, 11481 kilometres were electrified by a total length of 19276 kilometres.

All used power is taken from the public grid and rectified in [[Electrical substation|substation]]s. Most substations are fed with voltages between 15 and 30&nbsp;kV. Where lines have heavy traffic and higher speed, the substations are fed from the 110&nbsp;kV grid.

The [[Electrical substation|switchyard]] of substations fed from voltages below 30 kV is indoors, outdoor switchgear is used at 110 kV. The distance between substations is between 15 and 28 kilometres. For reliability of supply, substations are usually fed by at least two powerlines. Each substation normally feeds two segments of the overhead wire, which are separated by a switch. As is common with DC systems, the [[negative pole]] is grounded.
Halfway between two substations, there is a switch, which can be used to connect the overhead wires together. At some lines, a three-phase AC line operated with 6&nbsp;kV, 15&nbsp;kV or 20&nbsp;kV runs parallel to the [[railway line]], either on the poles of the overhead wire or on separate poles. It is used for power supply of signals, [[level crossing]] equipment and other devices requiring [[electric power]] used for the rail. This line can be also used for emergency power supply of substations.

==Former PKP group companies==
[[File:PKP CZASZYN1.jpg|thumb|DMU SA135 of Przewozy Regionalne]]
===PKP Przewozy Regionalne===
{{Main article|Polregio}}

Until 22 December 2008 Przewozy Regionalne (''Regional Transports'' in Polish) was a wholly owned subsidiary of the [[PKP Group]]; after that date, all of its shares have been transferred to Poland's 16 [[Voivodeships of Poland|regional]] governments.<ref>{{cite web|title=Potrzebne są natychmiastowe decyzje|url=http://old.przewozyregionalne.pl/informacje,s,0,4341.html|access-date=2015-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617213101/http://old.przewozyregionalne.pl/informacje,s,0,4341.html|archive-date=2015-06-17|url-status=dead}}</ref> Thus, the company is no longer part of the PKP Group and on interregional routes its InterRegio trains compete with [[PKP Intercity]] TLK trains. This was done in order to increase competition amongst operators on the Polish rail network. The company finally changed its name from ''PKP Przewozy Regionalne'' to ''Przewozy Regionalne'' on 8 December 2009, and was fully rebranded as ''Polregio'' in December 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Przewozy Regionalne Rebrands Itself POLREGIO |url=https://www.railvolution.net/news/przewozy-regionalne-rebrands-itself-polregio |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=Railvolution |language=en}}</ref>

===Polskie Linie Kolejowe===
{{Main article|PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe}}
[[File:Budynek Dyrekcji Kolei Państwowych ul. Targowa w Warszawie 2017.jpg|thumb|Former headquarters of the Polish State Railways in Warsaw on Targowa Street. Now the HQ of PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe.]]
A company responsible for maintenance of rail tracks, conducting trains across the country, scheduling train timetables, and management of railway property, such as lines and stations. In 2024 PKP owns 16.54% of this company's shares.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = https://www.pkp.pl/images/bip-dokumenty/2024/Wykaz%20Spek%20z%20udziaem%20PKP%20SA.pdf
	| title = Zestawienie spółek z udziałem PKP S.A. 
	| website = PKP S.A.
	| publisher = PKP S.A.
	| access-date = 2024-05-19
}}</ref>

===PKP Energetyka===
{{Main article|PKP Energetyka}}
A company responsible for supplying [[Poland|Polish]] railroad operators with electric energy. [[PKP Energetyka]] was founded after dividing PKP into a group of several dozen independent companies to meet [[European Union]] Standards.

PKP Group sold PKP Energetyka to [[CVC Capital Partners]] in 2015, which in turn sold it to [[PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna]] in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PGE kupuje PKP Energetykę za 1,9 mld zł. Uznaje 3,8 mld inwestycji |url=https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/cvc-podpisalo-przedwstepna-umowe-na-sprzedaz-pkp-energetyka-111334.html |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=www.rynek-kolejowy.pl |language=pl-PL}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[History of rail transport in Poland]]
* [[List of railway companies]]
* List of [[Railway lines of Poland]]
* [[PKP classification system]]
* [[PKP Group]]
* [[Polish State Railroads in summer 1939]]
* [[Przemyślanin]]
* [[Rail transport in Poland]]
* [[Transportation in Poland]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://pkpsa.pl/ PKP] - Polish State Railways

{{PKP Group companies}}
{{Rail Operators Poland}}
{{National railway companies of Europe}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Railway companies of Poland]]
[[Category:PKP Group companies]]
[[Category:Polish brands]]
[[Category:Polish companies established in 2001]]
[[Category:Railway companies established in 2001]]
[[Category:Government-owned railway companies]]
[[Category:Polish Joint-stock companies]]
[[Category:Government-owned companies of Poland]]