View source for Political colour

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{{Short description|Colours used to represent a political ideology, movement or party}}
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[[File:An Election III, The Polling, by William Hogarth.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|''[[Humours of an Election#The Polling|The Polling]]'', by [[William Hogarth]], depicting a [[1754 British general election|1754 election]] to the [[Parliament of Great Britain|British parliament]], includes a blue flag representing the [[Tories (British political party)|Tories]] and a buff flag representing the [[Whigs (British political party)|Whigs]]]]

'''Political colours''' are colours used to represent a political [[ideology]], [[political movement|movement]] or [[Political party|party]], either officially or unofficially.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Sawer |first=Marian |date=1 May 2007 |title=Wearing your Politics on your Sleeve: The Role of Political Colours in Social Movements |journal=[[Social Movement Studies]] |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=39–56 |doi=10.1080/14742830701251294 |issn=1474-2837 |s2cid=145495971}}</ref> They represent the intersection of [[colour symbolism]] and [[political symbolism]]. Politicians making public appearances will often identify themselves by wearing [[Rosette (politics)|rosettes]], [[Boutonnière|flowers]], [[Necktie|ties]] or [[Awareness ribbon|ribbons]] in the colour of their political party.  Parties in different countries with similar ideologies sometimes use similar colours. As an example the colour [[red]] symbolises [[left-wing]] ideologies in many countries (leading to such terms as "[[Red Army]]" and "[[Red Scare]]"), while the colour [[blue]] is often used for [[conservatism]], the colour [[yellow]] is most commonly associated with [[liberalism]] and [[right-libertarianism]], and [[Green politics]] is named after the ideology's political colour.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Sawer |first=Marian |date=1 May 2007 |title=Wearing your Politics on your Sleeve: The Role of Political Colours in Social Movements |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/14742830701251294 |journal=[[Social Movement Studies]] |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=39–56 |doi=10.1080/14742830701251294 |issn=1474-2837 |s2cid=145495971 |quote=[The party colours in the UK] are red for Labour, yellow (gold) for the Liberal Democrats, blue for Conservatives, and green for Greens. This particular alignment of colours with the political spectrum tends to be taken for granted in much of the world [...].|url-access=subscription }}</ref>  

The political associations of a given colour vary from country to country, and there are exceptions to the general trends,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> for example red has historically been associated with [[Christianity]], but over time gained association with leftist politics, while the [[United States]] differs from other countries in that conservatism is associated with red and [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberalism]] with blue.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Mass media has driven a standardisation of colour by political party, to simplify messaging, while historically the colour a candidate chose to identify with could have been chosen based on other factors such as family or regional variations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Curtis |first=Katina |date=2022-03-26 |title=Labor is red, Liberals are blue: What's in a colour? It's political hue |url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/labor-is-red-liberals-are-blue-what-s-in-a-colour-it-s-political-hue-20220324-p5a7nh.html |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-05-03 |title=The seats where Tories weren't blue and Labour wasn't red |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-32510493 |access-date=2023-12-20}}</ref>

==Associations of different colours==
<!-- Colours are listed here in alphabetical order. -->

=== Black ===
[[File:Black Bloc Hamburg.jpg|thumb|250x250px|upright=1.18|Anarchists in Germany in [[black bloc]]]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H15390, Berlin, Kaserne der LSSAH, Vergatterung.jpg|thumb|250x250px|The [[1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler]] (LSSAH) in their black uniforms]]
[[File:Flag of Jihad.svg|thumb|250x250px|The [[jihadist flag]]]]
[[Black]] is primarily associated with [[anarchism]]<ref name="Evren, 2014">{{Cite journal |last=Evren |first=Sureyyya |date=30 May 2014 |title=Black Flag White Masks: Anti-Racism and Anarchist Historiography |url=https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/affinities/article/view/6107 |journal=Affinities: A Journal of Radical Theory, Culture, and Action |volume=8 |via=ojs.library.queensu.ca |number=1}}</ref> (see [[anarchist symbolism]]); black is a lack of colour, and anarchism is a lack of a state. It is used in contrast of [[national flags]], to instead represent universal anarchism.<ref name="Evren, 2014" /> Black is also used to a lesser extent to represent ideologies on the opposite end of the spectrum: [[fascism]] (see [[Blackshirts]] and [[Schutzstaffel]]/[[Gestapo]]) and [[jihadism]] (see [[Black Standard]]).<ref name=":0" />

The colours black and red have been used by anarchists since at least the late 1800s when they were used on [[cockade]]s by Italian anarchists in the 1874 [[Anarchism in Italy#Origins|Bologna insurrection]], and in 1877 when anarchists entered the Italian town [[Letino]] carrying red and black flags to promote the [[First International]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=18 August 2014 |title=Appendix – the Symbols of Anarchy – Anarchist Writers |url=https://anarchism.pageabode.com/afaq/append2.html}}</ref> During the [[Spanish Civil War]] the [[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo|CNT]] used a diagonally half strip of black and red, with black representing anarchism and red representing the [[labour movement]] and the worker movement. The flag was quickly adopted by other anarchists, with the second colour used to distinguish specific [[anarchist philosophies]]: [[Anarcho-pacifism|anarcho pacifism]] with white, [[green anarchism]] with green, [[anarcho-syndicalism]] and [[anarcho-communism]] with red, [[Mutualism (economic theory)|mutualism]] with orange, and [[anarcho-capitalism]] with yellow, while black alone typically represents '[[anarchism without adjectives]]'.

During the [[Golden Age of Piracy]], the black flag, or [[Jolly Roger]] of pirates such as [[Blackbeard]] and [[Samuel Bellamy]] became popular symbols of [[piracy]]. The flags represented [[death]] and [[no quarter]] to those who did not [[Surrender (military)|surrender]]. The [[Crossed Swords Jolly Roger]], falsely attributed to [[John Rackham (pirate)|John Rackham]], has become a popular and recognisable symbol of pirates, particularly of pirates of the Americas.<ref name=":5">{{Cite SSRN |ssrn=3219252 |first=Ziv |last=Bohrer |author-link=Ziv Bohrer |title=The 'Jolly Roger' (Pirate Flag) |date=24 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2 November 2018 |title=Famous Pirate Flags And Their Meanings |url=https://www.vispronet.com/blog/famous-pirate-flags/}}</ref> The skull and bones also became a hazardous symbol to display [[poison]]s such as [[cyanide]], [[Zyklon B]] and other toxic substances. The black flag of piracy would later influence the symbols of anarchism, such as the symbols of the [[Makhnovshchina]] and the [[Kronstadt rebellion]]. The rise of internet piracy led to the symbols of the golden age of piracy becoming widely adopted, becoming the symbols of pirate sites such as the [[Pirate bay]]. Black becoming a colour to represent [[pirate parties]].

Black was also used by some [[Anti-racism|anti-racist]] and [[Black nationalism|Black nationalist]] parties, such as the [[Black Panther Party]] in the United States and the [[Popular Unity (Brazil)|Popular Unity]] in Brazil.
* [[Anti-clericalism|Anti-clerical]] parties in the late 19th and early 20th centuries sometimes used the colour black in reference to the officials of the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]] because the [[cassock]] is usually black.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Nash |first=Gary B. |year=1965 |title=The American Clergy and the French Revolution |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1920453 |journal=The William and Mary Quarterly |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=392–412 |doi=10.2307/1920453 |jstor=1920453 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* In [[Germany]] and [[Austria]], black is the colour historically associated with [[Christian democracy|Christian democratic]] parties, such as the [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]] (CDU), the [[Christian Social Union in Bavaria]] (CSU) and the [[Austrian People's Party]] (ÖVP); however, this is only customary, as the official colours of the CDU are usually either one of or a mix of different shades of yellow, orange or blue, depending on the regional branch of the party, with the nationwide party also using the red, black and gold from the German flag as official colours. The CSU uses a medium dark shade of blue as their official colour, as seen in their logo. In 2017, the ÖVP changed their official colour from black to turquoise, with some regional branches switching to turquoise as well, while others continue to use black, often in a mix with another colour, such as red, yellow, green or blue.
* In Italy, black is the colour of [[fascism]] because it was the official colour of the [[National Fascist Party]]. As a result, modern Italian parties would not use black as their political colour; however, it has been customary to use black to identify the [[neo-fascist]] [[Italian Social Movement]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last1=Sawer |first1=Marian |year=2007 |title=Wearing your Politics on your Sleeve: The Role of Political Colours in Social Movements |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14742830701251294?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=csms20 |journal=[[Social Movement Studies]] |volume=6 |pages=39–56 |doi=10.1080/14742830701251294 |s2cid=145495971|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* In the [[Islamic world]], black flags (often with a white [[shahadah]]) are sometimes used by jihadist groups. Black was the colour of the [[Abbasid caliphate]]. It is also commonly used by [[Shia Muslims]], as it is also associated with mourning the death of [[Husayn ibn Ali]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=McCants |first=William |date=22 September 2015 |title=The Story Behind the Black Flag of ISIS |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/09/isis-flag-apocalypse/406498/ |website=The Atlantic}}</ref> It is now known as the flag colour of the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]].
* In Malaysia, the People's Solidarity Secretariat (SSR), an umbrella youth organisation launched the Black Flag Movement (#BenderaHitam) in 2021 as a resistance-based protest against the then [[Muhyiddin cabinet|ruling Perikatan Nasional government]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-02 |title=Bendera hitam pula berkibar |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/581391 |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=Malaysiakini}}</ref> The [[Malaysian United Democratic Alliance|Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA)]] also adapted the colour black as their official colour.
* In Russia, black was used for monarchism and nationalist movements, such as the [[Black Hundreds]] before their defeat.<ref name=":10">{{Cite thesis |url=https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/10161/438/D_Langer_Jacob_a_200712.pdf?sequence=1 |title=Corruption and the Counterrevolution: The Rise and Fall of the Black Hundred |first=Jacob |last=Langer |type=PhD |publisher=[[Duke University]]}}</ref>
* In India, black has often been a theme in protests. In the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], black is associated with the [[Dravidar Kazhagam]], a left-wing social movement, led by [[Periyar]], a social reformer and politician.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Iwanek |first=Krzysztof |title=Paint It Saffron: The Colors of Indian Political Parties |url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/09/paint-it-saffron-the-colors-of-indian-political-parties/ |website=thediplomat.com}}</ref>
* In Brazil, the far-left socialist and anti-racist party [[Popular Unity (Brazil)|Popular Unity]] has black as its official colour.

=== Blue ===

[[Blue]] is usually associated with [[centre-right]] or [[Conservatism|conservative]] parties,<ref name=":0" /> originating from its use by the [[Tories (British political party)|Tories]] (predecessor of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]) in the United Kingdom.<ref name=":12">{{cite web |date=20 April 2006 |title=Why is the Conservative Party blue? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/4923050.stm |access-date=23 April 2018 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Blue is used by many international organisations of centre right and conservative parties, such as the [[International Democrat Union]], the [[Democrat Union of Africa]], the [[Asia Pacific Democrat Union]], the [[Caribbean Democrat Union]] (together with red), the [[European Democrat Union]], the [[European People's Party]], the [[European Conservatives and Reformists Party]].
* The field of the flag of the [[United Nations]] is [[United Nations blue|light blue]], chosen to represent peace and hope. It has given rise to the term "[[bluewash]]ing".<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=18 November 2014 |title=UN Logo and Flag |url=https://www.un.org/en/sections/about-un/un-logo-and-flag/index.html |website=[[United Nations]]}}</ref>
* The colour blue, normally of a lighter shade, is [[Blue in Judaism|of prime significance in Judaism]]. The [[flag of Israel]] features two blue horizontal stripes and a blue [[Star of David]], so blue, often combined with white, is often used by mainstream Zionist parties and movements,<ref name="Arbel">{{cite book | last=Arbel | first=Rachel | title=Blue and White in Color: Visual images of Zionism, 1897-1947  | publisher=Beth Hatefutsoth, The Nahum Goldmann Museum of the Jewish Diaspora | publication-place=Tel Aviv | date=1997 | isbn=978-965-425-006-1}}</ref> such as the [[Jewish National Fund]]<ref name="e729">{{cite journal | last=Bar-Gal | first=Yoram | title=The Blue Box and JNF Propaganda Maps, 1930-1947 | journal=Israel Studies | publisher=Indiana University Press | volume=8 | issue=1 | year=2003 | issn=1084-9513 | jstor=30245605 | pages=1–19 | doi=10.2979/ISR.2003.8.1.1 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/30245605 | access-date=13 May 2025}}</ref> or more recently the [[Blue and White (political alliance)|Blue and White alliance]]. See also {{lang|he-latn|[[tekhelet]]}}, [[National colours of Israel]] and [[Zionism]].
* Turquoise blue colour was shown in Iran as a symbol of royalism and support of the Pahlavi dynasty, and the flag of this dynasty (Pahlavi) is of this colour.
* In [[Australia]] the colour blue has been associated with [[Conservatism in Australia|conservatism]] and the [[Right-wing politics|right]] since pre-[[Federation of Australia|federation]], taking influence from the [[Conservatism in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]. The major centre-right, conservative [[List of political parties in Australia|political party]], called the [[Liberal Party of Australia]], uses blue,<ref name=":14">{{cite web |date= |title=What are the colours of the Australian political parties? |url=https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/your-questions-on-notice/questions/what-are-the-colours-of-the-australian-political-parties/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030220314/https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/your-questions-on-notice/questions/what-are-the-colours-of-the-australian-political-parties/ |archive-date=30 October 2022 |website=peo.gov.au |publisher=Parliamentary Education Office}}</ref> as did its predecessor party: [[United Australia Party|United Australia]].<ref name=":15">{{cite news |last1=Curtis |first1=Katina |date=27 March 2022 |title=Labor is red, Liberals are blue: What's in a colour? It's political hue |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |publisher=[[Nine Entertainment]] |url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/labor-is-red-liberals-are-blue-what-s-in-a-colour-it-s-political-hue-20220324-p5a7nh.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327221122/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/labor-is-red-liberals-are-blue-what-s-in-a-colour-it-s-political-hue-20220324-p5a7nh.html |archive-date=27 March 2022}}</ref>
* In [[Austria]], blue is heavily associated with the [[right-wing populist]] [[Freedom Party of Austria|Freedom Party]] and with [[pan-germanism|pan-Germanism]]. It is the Freedom Party's official colour, and its members are generally referred to as "blues" in the media and colloquial speech.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |title=Nationalrat: Blaue Aerosoldusche |trans-title=National Council: Blue aerosol shower |url=https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000120602908/nationalrat-blaue-aerosoldusche |website=[[Der Standard]] |language=de}}</ref> The blue [[Centaurea cyanus|cornflower]] was a national symbol of [[Germany]] in the 19th century, often associated with [[Prussia]]. It later became a symbol for [[Pan-Germanism|Pan-German]] nationalists in Austria, such as [[Georg Ritter von Schönerer|Georg Ritter von Schönerer's]] {{lang|de|Alldeutsche Vereinigung}}. In [[Federal State of Austria|1930s Austria]] the cornflower was also worn by members of the then illegal [[Nazi Party|NSDAP]], as a secret symbol and identifier.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |title=Symbolik a la Strache |trans-title=Symbolism a la Strache |url=https://newsv1.orf.at/061030-5431/index.html |language=de}}</ref> After 1945, MPs of the Freedom Party wore cornflowers on their [[lapel]]s at the openings of the Austrian parliament, until they switched to the more "Austrian" [[Leontopodium nivale|Edelweiß]] in 2017.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |date=9 November 2017 |title=FPÖ-Mandatare tragen heute Edelweiß statt Kornblume |trans-title=FPÖ mandaters now wear edelweiss instead of cornflowers |url=https://kurier.at/politik/inland/fpoe-mandatare-tragen-heute-edelweiss-statt-kornblume/297.137.849 |website=kurier.at |language=de}}</ref>
* In [[Argentina]], blue is associated with the [[Syncretic politics|syncretic]] [[Peronism|Peronist movement]]. The left-wing populist [[Frente de Todos]] uses [[sky blue]] alongside the [[Justicialist Party]], the main party of the front. [[Federal Peronism]], which represents the right-wing of the Peronist movement and the conservative [[Christian Democratic Party (Argentina)|Christian Democratic Party]] current, uses [[Dark blue (color)|dark blue]].
* In [[Belgium]], blue is associated with [[liberalism]], used both by the [[Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten|Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats]] as the [[Mouvement Réformateur|Reformist Movement]].<ref name=":19">{{Cite web |last=Parliament |first=Flemish |title=Political parties in the Flemish Parliament |url=https://www.vlaamsparlement.be/about-the-flemish-parliament/political-parties-the-flemish-parliament |website=www.vlaamsparlement.be}}{{Dead link|date=February 2022|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
* In [[Brazil]], blue is associated with mainstream [[centre-right]], [[Liberalism in Brazil|liberal]] and [[Conservatism in Brazil|conservative]] parties opposed to populism, often associated with the left but also opposed with the populist reactionary right, like [[National Democratic Union (Brazil)|National Democratic Union]], [[National Renewal Alliance]], [[Progressive Party (Brazil)|Progressive Party]], [[Brazilian Social Democracy Party]], [[Democratas]] and [[Brazil Union]]. The first major party which used blue was the far-right [[Brazilian Integralist Action]], but their successors use Gold.
* In [[Canada]], the [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative Party]] uses blue. Also, blue is often used to represent Quebec.<ref name=":38">Bernier Arcand, Philippe, « [https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/hq/2018-v23-n4-hq03653/88141ac/ Bleu, histoire d'une couleur politique] », ''Histoire Québec'', 2018, Vol. 3, no 4, pp. 15–17</ref> The [[Bloc Québécois]], a federal party centred around [[Quebec nationalism]], uses blue, as do major provincial parties in Quebec like the [[Parti Québécois]] and [[Coalition Avenir Québec]]. The colour is also used to represent the many provincial Conservative parties, often called the "Progressive Conservative Party" or PC, for short.
* In [[Germany]], the far-right [[Alternative for Germany]] uses a light blue as their primary colour.
* In [[Honduras]], blue is used by the conservative [[National Party of Honduras|National party]].
* In [[Hong Kong]], blue is used by [[Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)|pro-Beijing camp]], but also used by [[Localist camp|localists]] (for symbolising [[Hong Kong independence]]).
* In [[India]], sky blue is associated with the [[Indian National Congress]], a centrist political party. Meanwhile, dark blue is associated with the [[Dalit Buddhist movement|Dalit Movement]], represented by multiple parties: [[Republican Party of India]] (and its [[Republican Party of India (Athawale)|Athawale]] splinter), [[Bahujan Samaj Party]], etc.
* In [[Indonesia]], blue is used by the centrist [[Democratic Party (Indonesia)|Democratic Party]] and the center-left [[NasDem Party]]. It is also used by the islamist party [[National Mandate Party]].
* In the [[Republic of Ireland]], blue is associated with the centre-right [[Fine Gael]] party, going back to the [[Blueshirts]], a quasi-fascist uniformed group that merged into the party in 1932. "Blueshirt" is a common derogatory term for Fine Gael, and they often use blue in party materials.<ref name=":21">{{Cite web |date=31 January 2020 |title=The Difference Between Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil |url=https://facmagazine.com/articles/opinion-shades-of-green-and-blue |website=FAC}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite news |title=A new era but an uphill battle? |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/a-new-era-but-an-uphill-battle-1.1001663}}</ref><ref name=":23">{{Cite web |title=DaysofBlueLoyalty |url=https://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/people/michael_marsh/dbl.html |website=www.tcd.ie}}</ref>
* In [[Japan]], blue is associated with liberal, centrist, and centre-left parties. Three centre-left parties in Japan with elected representatives use blue: the [[Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan|Constitutional Democratic Party]], [[Democratic Party for the People]], and the [[Social Democratic Party (Japan)|Social Democratic Party]]. Historically, blue was used by [[Japan Socialist Party]].
* In [[Malaysia]], blue was currently used to represent both [[Barisan Nasional]] (royal blue) and [[Perikatan Nasional]] (solid blue).
* In [[Poland]], blue is used by the [[Right-wing populism|right-wing populist]] [[Law and Justice|PiS]] party, and a darker version (navy blue) is also used by the far-right [[Confederation Liberty and Independence|Confederation]] party.
* In [[Russia]], blue is an official colour of the ruling party, [[United Russia]].
* In [[Singapore]], blue is usually associated with the ruling [[People's Action Party]], though it is also used for the [[Workers' Party (Singapore)|Workers' Party]] as its colour represents [[blue-collar workers|blue-collared]] [[working class]], to keep up with the [[civic nationalism]] and [[social democracy]] ideologies.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Beliefs |url=https://www.wp.sg/our-beliefs/ |website=The Workers' Party |access-date=8 July 2024}}</ref>
* In [[South Africa]], blue is usually associated with liberal political parties, the most popular being the [[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|Democratic Alliance]], the largest opposition party. The colour blue was also used by the [[United Party (South Africa)|United Party]], from which the [[Progressive Party (South Africa)|Progressive Party]] (the most senior ancestor of the Democratic Alliance) split in 1959.<ref name=":24">{{Cite web |title=A guide to South African political parties |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/democracy/a-guide-to-south-african-political-parties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020232857/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/democracy/a-guide-to-south-african-political-parties |archive-date=20 October 2020 |access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref>
* In [[South Korea]], traditionally blue was used by [[Conservatism in South Korea|conservative parties]]. Since 2013, blue has adopted by the liberal [[Democratic Party (South Korea, 2015)|Democratic Party of Korea]] (previously used green and yellow), while conservative party change its colour from blue to red. This makes South Korea an exception to the general rule that blue represents conservative parties, along with the United States.
* In [[Spain]], blue is the colour of the mainstream conservative [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]], but regionally:
** Light blue is used by [[Galician nationalism]] as it appears in the [[flag of Galicia]].
** Dark blue is used by non-[[Catalan independence movement|separatist]] [[Catalan nationalism]], being the colour of [[Convergence and Union]], which ruled Catalonia from 1980 to 2003 and from 2010 to 2015, and its successor [[PDeCAT]].
** Light blue is used by [[Catalan independence movement|pro-independence]] party [[Together for Catalonia (2020)|Junts]]
* In [[Taiwan]] and historically in [[China]], it is used by the [[Kuomintang]] and the wider [[Pan-Blue Coalition]], a coalition generally associated with [[Chinese nationalism]] as well as [[conservatism]].
* In the [[United States]], the colour blue has been associated with the [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] since around the [[2000 United States presidential election|2000 presidential election]], when most of the major television networks used the same colour scheme for the parties.<ref name="David Starkey 2007">{{cite book |last=Starkey |first=David |title=Living Blue in the Red States |publisher=[[University Press of Nebraska]] |year=2007}}</ref><ref name=":25">{{Cite news |last=Farhi |first=Paul |date=2 November 2004 |title=Elephants Are Red, Donkeys Are Blue |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A17079-2004Nov1.html }}</ref> This makes the United States an exception to the general rule that blue represents conservative parties; the major conservative party in the United States, the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], uses red. In 2010, the Democratic party unveiled a blue official logo<ref name="democrats.org">{{cite web |date=14 September 2010 |title=Change That Matters |url=http://www.democrats.org/news/blog/575 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019042631/http://www.democrats.org/news/blog/575 |archive-date=19 October 2011 |access-date=17 October 2011 |publisher=Democrats.org}}</ref> (see [[red states and blue states]]).
* In [[Venezuela]], blue represents the [[Democratic Unity Roundtable]], the large multi-ideological coalition of parties in opposition, probably as a counterpart to [[PSUV]]'s red.
* In most of [[Latin America]], blue is used as a colour of anti-feminism and, more specifically, anti-abortion. This colour was used as a [[reactionary|response]] to the feminist/pro-abortion green. This originated in [[Argentina]].<ref name=":26">{{Cite web |date=11 August 2020 |title=The stunning rise of South America's anti-abortion Blue Wave Movement &#124; The Bridgehead |url=https://thebridgehead.ca/2020/08/11/the-stunning-rise-of-south-americas-anti-abortion-blue-wave-movement/}}</ref>

=== Brown ===
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 147-0503, Nürnberg, Horst Wessel mit SA-Sturm.jpg|thumb|250x250px|The [[Sturmabteilung]] of the Nazi Party, wearing their brown uniforms]]
[[Brown]] has been associated with [[Nazism]], and in particular the [[Nazi Party]] in Germany, because of the [[Sturmabteilung]] (SA), whose members were called "brown shirts". They were modelled on [[Benito Mussolini]]'s [[blackshirts]], and the colour of their shirts was chosen because many brown uniforms intended for the [[Schutztruppe|colonial troops]] in [[German colonial empire|Germany's African colonies]] were cheaply available after the end of [[World War I]]. In Europe and elsewhere, the colour brown is sometimes used to refer to fascists in general.<ref name=":27">{{cite book |last=Lepage |first=Jean-Denis |title=Hitler's Stormtroopers: The SA, The Nazis' Brownshirts, 1922–1945 |date=2016}}</ref>

Brown has also been used to refer to the [[far-right politics|far-right]] in general, rather than exclusively Nazism or fascism. In the 21st century, far-right parties in both [[France]] and [[Russia]] have been represented with the colour brown, especially in contexts where other ideologies are represented by colours (for example [[Red (politics)|red]] for [[communists]] and [[socialists]] or [[Green in politics|green]] for [[Islamists]]).<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haraAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA197 | title=Naming Race, Naming Racisms | isbn=978-1-317-99156-4 | last1=Judaken | first1=Jonathan | date=13 September 2013 | publisher=Routledge }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nQ6OFETxDWAC&pg=PA137 | title=Political and Cultural Representations of Muslims: Islam in the Plural | isbn=978-90-04-23102-3 | last1=Flood | first1=Christopher | last2=Hutchings | first2=Stephen | last3=Miazhevich | first3=Galina | last4=Nickels | first4=Henri | date=19 July 2012 | publisher=BRILL }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/beastreawakens0000leem_y3k9 | title=The beast reawakens | date=2 June 2024 }}</ref> In these cases, as in the original Nazi German context, the colour brown was chosen to refer to the modern far-right on account of the colour's association with the Nazi [[Sturmabteilung]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GcUFmQ-NF_0C&pg=PA258 | title=Against the Modern World: Traditionalism and the Secret Intellectual History of the Twentieth Century | isbn=978-0-19-974493-0 | last1=Sedgwick | first1=Mark | date=3 June 2004 | publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.snopes.com/news/2017/09/05/were-nazis-socialists/ | title=Were the Nazis Socialists? | date=5 September 2017 }}</ref>

* Brown is sometimes used to describe the opposite of green parties, that is to describe parties that care little about pollution.<ref name=":28">{{cite journal |last1=Millner |first1=Antony |last2=Ollivier |first2=Hélène |last3=Simon |first3=Leo |year=2016 |title=Policy experimentation, political competition, and heterogeneous beliefs |journal=[[Journal of Public Economics]] |volume=120 |pages=84–96 |doi=10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.08.008 |doi-access=free|hdl=20.500.11850/93336 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

=== Buff ===
* [[Buff (colour)|Buff]], along with blue, was the colour of the [[Whig (British political party)|Whig]] faction in [[British politics]] from the early 18th century until the middle of the 19th century.<ref name="l067">{{cite book | last=Newbould | first=Ian | title=Whiggery and Reform, 1830–41 | chapter=‘Colours and Cries, Buff and Blue’ | publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK | publication-place=London | date=1990 | isbn=978-1-349-11749-9 | doi=10.1007/978-1-349-11747-5_1 | page=1–12}}</ref><ref name="u937">{{cite book | last=Chittick | first=Kathryn | title=The Language of Whiggism | publisher=Routledge | date=6 October 2015 | isbn=978-1-317-31642-8 | doi=10.4324/9781315653556 | page=}}</ref><ref name="k612">{{cite journal | last=Dziennik | first=Matthew P. | title=WHIG TARTAN: MATERIAL CULTURE AND ITS USE IN THE SCOTTISH HIGHLANDS, 1746—1815 | journal=Past & Present | publisher=[Oxford University Press, The Past and Present Society] | issue=217 | year=2012 | issn=0031-2746 | jstor=23324205 | pages=117–147 | doi=10.1093/pastj/gts025 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/23324205 | access-date=2 February 2025|quote=party colours, buff and blue for the Whigs and red and blue for the Pittites, were prominent features of polite society}}</ref> As such, it is sometimes used to represent the current political left (in opposition to blue, which represented the [[Tory|Tories]] and then the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] and political right).{{cn|date=February 2025}}

=== Grey ===
* [[Grey]] is sometimes used by parties that represent the interests of pensioners and senior citizens, such as "[[The Grays – Gray Panthers|The Greys]]" in Germany.{{cn|date=February 2024}}
* Grey can also be used to refer to either [[reactionary]] [[independence]], [[neo-Confederate]] or [[secession]]ist movements, due to its association with the [[Confederate States of America]].<ref name=":31">{{Cite web |title="A Confederate Grey" |url=https://www.americanheritage.com/confederate-grey |website=www.americanheritage.com}}</ref>
* Grey is often used to represent [[independent politician]]s; however in the UK, white is used to represent independent politicians.{{cn|date=February 2024}}

=== Green ===
{{main|Green politics|List of green political parties}}
[[File:Grüne protests against nuclear energy.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Green banner and signs at an anti-nuclear protest by the [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Green Party]] in Germany in 2008]]
[[Green]] is the colour for [[environmentalist]]<ref name=":33">{{cite book |last=Dalton |first=Russell J. |title=The Green Rainbow: Environmental Groups in Western Europe |year=1994}}</ref> and [[Agrarianism|agrarian]]<ref name=":37">{{Cite web | url=http://elikadura21.eus/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/1-Bernstein.pdf | title=The future of food and challenges for agriculture in the 21st century |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722063815/http://elikadura21.eus/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/1-Bernstein.pdf | archive-date=22 July 2020}}</ref> parties and movements. Considered the holy colour of Islam (see [[green in Islam]]), it is also used to represent [[Islamism]], as with [[Hamas]], [[Saudi Arabia]] and many [[List of Islamic political parties|Islamist parties]].<ref name=":40">{{Cite web | url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1080712.pdf | title=How Colours are Semantically Construed in the Arabic and English Culture: A Comparative study | website=files.eric.ed.gov}}</ref><ref name=":41">{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.fotw.info/flags/sa.html |website=www.fotw.info}}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Nathan J. |date=3 November 2010 |title=The Hamas – Fatah Conflict: Shallow but Wide |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/forwa34&id=187&div=&collection= |journal=Fletcher Forum of World Affairs |volume=34 |pages=35}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
* In most of [[Latin America]], green is associated with pro-choice movements, the colour started being used in [[Argentina]] as a symbol of [[third wave feminism]] and abortion rights, with a [[green scarf]] as a symbol.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/ecuador-abortion-green-wave/ |title=This Was the Decade of Feminist Uprisings in Latin America |first=Zoë |last=Carpenter |date=31 December 2019 |magazine=[[The Nation]]}}</ref> However, green is also the colour of many [[Christian democratic]] parties in the region which opposes abortion, like in [[Aruban People's Party|Aruba]], [[Christian Democratic Party (Bolivia)|Bolivia]], [[Social Christian Party (Brazil)|Brazil]], [[Christian Democratic Union (Ecuador)|Ecuador]], [[Christian Democratic Party (El Salvador)|El Salvador]], Guatemala ([[Guatemalan Christian Democracy|DCG]] & [[Front for Democracy|El Fente]]), [[Christian Democratic Party (Honduras)|Honduras]], [[People's Party (Panama)|Panama]], [[Christian Democratic Party (Paraguay)|Paraguay]], [[Christian People's Party (Peru)|Peru]] and Venezuela ([[COPEI]] & [[National Convergence]]).
* The [[Esperanto]] movement makes wide use of green in [[Esperanto symbols|its symbolism]], including the language's flag which is known as the {{lang|eo|Verda Flago}} (literally ''Green Flag'')
* Fern green is occasionally used by political organisations and groups who advocate the legalisation of medicinal use of marijuana.<ref name=":34">{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://goinggreen.org/ |website=Going Green}}</ref>
* [[Variations of Green#Sea green|Sea green]] was used as a symbol by members of the [[Levellers]] in 17th-century [[Early Modern Britain|Britain]];<ref name=":35">{{Cite journal |last=Carlin |first=Norah |year=1987 |title=The Levellers and the Conquest of Ireland in 1649 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2639195 |journal=The Historical Journal |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=269–288 |doi=10.1017/S0018246X00021440 |jstor=2639195 |s2cid=159660270 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> for this reason, it is occasionally used to represent [[radicalism (historical)|radical liberalism]].{{cn|date=February 2024}}
* In [[Australia]], a dark shade of green is used to represent right wing [[National Party of Australia]], while a light shade of green is used to represent the [[Australian Greens]].
* In [[Brazil]], in addition to its use by the [[Green Party (Brazil)|Green Party]], green, as the main colour of the [[Brazilian flag]], is strongly associated with [[Brazilian nationalism]] and [[Brazilians|Brazilian people]]. The big tent, pro-democracy [[Brazilian Democratic Movement]] and the anti-corruption and pro-[[direct democracy]] [[Podemos (Brazil)|Podemos]] use different [[shades of green]]. In the past, green was also the colour of the [[Conservative Party (Brazil)|Conservative Party]] of the [[Empire of Brazil]].
* In [[Canada]], in addition to its use by the [[Green Party of Canada]], green has also been frequently used by right-wing and populist parties that are unaffiliated with the Conservative Party.<ref name=":38"/> Examples include the [[Social Credit Party of Canada]], [[Reform Party of Canada]], [[Canadian Alliance]], [[Wildrose Party]] in Alberta and the [[Saskatchewan Party]]. Green was also historically used as a secondary colour by the left-wing [[New Democratic Party]], whose primary colour is orange.
* In [[Denmark]], a dark shade of green is used by the right-centre [[The Conservative People's Party (Denmark)|Conservative People's Party]] ({{lang|da|Det Konservative Folkeparti}}).
* In [[Iran]], green has been used by the [[Iranian Green Movement]], a political movement that arose after the 2009 Iranian presidential election, in which protesters demanded the removal of [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] from office.
* In [[India]], green is used mainly by [[Centre-left politics|centre-left parties]], such as [[All India Trinamool Congress]] and [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], and by Islamic political parties, such as the [[Indian Union Muslim League]].
* Most Islamic parties in [[Indonesia]] use green as their main party colours. Examples include the [[United Development Party]], [[National Awakening Party]] and [[Reform Star Party]].
* [[Irish Nationalism|Irish Nationalist]] and [[Irish Republicanism|Irish Republican]] movements have used the colour green.<ref name=":39">{{Cite magazine |title=Why We Wear Green on St. Patrick's Day |url=https://time.com/4699771/green-irish-st-patricks-day-color/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> [[Sinn Féin]], the [[SDLP]], [[Fianna Fáil]] and [[Aontú]] all use green as colour. Though the official colour of Ireland is blue, green is the colour of St. Patrick and thus took on a particular significance for Irish nationalists in the 19th century.
* In [[Italy]], [[Northern Italy|Northern]] [[secessionism|secessionist]] movements such as [[Lega Nord]] chose green as their political colour, advocating their [[Celts|Celtic]] origin.
* In [[Japan]], the dominant [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]] (LDP) uses green as one of its official colours. Although the party has used the colour red more prominently in recent years. Other examples of right wing parties adopting the colour green in its branding include the [[Nippon Ishin no Kai|Japan Innovation Party]] and the now defunct [[Kibō no Tō|Party of Hope]].
* In [[Macau]], green is used by the [[Pro-Beijing camp (Macau)|pro-Beijing camp]]. 
* In [[Malaysia]], green is used by the Islamists, especially the [[Malaysian Islamic Party]] and several Malay nationalists as part of the Malay Tricolour (the other being yellow and red).
* In [[Morocco]], it is associated with the [[Green March]] of 1975.
* In [[Paraguay]], two centre-left social democratic parties use green: the [[Revolutionary Febrerista Party]] and the [[Progressive Democratic Party (Paraguay)|Progressive Democratic Party]]
* In [[Poland]], green is used by the agrarian [[Polish People's Party|PSL]] party, and is sometimes associated with the [[Third Way (Poland)|Third Way]] [[Parliamentary group|coalition party]]. Green is also used by the ultranationalist organisation ONR.
* After the [[Russian Revolution]], the [[Green armies]] were the range of peasant forces (often aligned with anarchists or the [[Socialist Revolutionary Party]]) in Russia and Ukraine that fought against both the Bolshevik [[Red Army]] and counter-revolutionary [[White Army]]. 
* In [[Serbia]], green is often used by minority parties such as the [[Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Savez vojvođanskih Mađara |url=https://www.vmsz.org.rs/sr |website=Savez vojvođanskih Mađara |access-date=24 April 2024}}</ref> the [[Justice and Reconciliation Party]]<ref>{{cite web |title=SPP – Stranka pravde i pomirenja |url=https://spp.rs/ |access-date=24 April 2024}}</ref> and the [[Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak]]<ref>{{cite web |title=SDA Sandžaka |url=https://www.sda.rs/ |website=SDA Sandžaka |access-date=24 April 2024}}</ref> ([[Sandžak]]'s Bosniaks). The [[Green–Left Front]] also uses green alongside red.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zeleno-levi front |url=https://zelenolevifront.rs/ |website=Zeleno-levi front |access-date=24 April 2024}}</ref>
* In [[South Korea]], green was used by various [[Liberalism in South Korea|liberal parties]] for much of post-war history. When the [[Democratic Party (South Korea, 2015)|Democratic Party of Korea]] was founded in 2014, it used blue instead.
* In [[Spain]], green is used by [[monarchism|monarchists]], as the initials of {{lang|es|"Viva el Rey de España"}} ("Hail the [[King of Spain]]") spell out the word {{lang|es|verde}} ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: green).<ref>[https://www.cope.es/actualidad/sociedad/todo-tiene-un-porque/noticias/por-que-verde-color-mas-monarquico-20200207_614440 Why is green the most monarchist colour?] [[Cadena COPE|COPE]] (in Spanish)</ref> Currently, green is used by monarchist and [[far-right]] party [[Vox (political party)|Vox]]. In order to avoid clash of colours, [[green politics|green parties]] [[Más Madrid]], [[Más País]] and [[Equo]] use [[teal]]. Also, regionwide:
** Green is the standard colour of [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque]] [[Basque nationalism|nationalism]] and [[Basque independence|separatism]]; with dark green used by centre-right [[Basque Nationalist Party]], and light green used by [[abertzale left]] [[EH Bildu]].
** Green is the colour of [[Andalusian nationalism]] as it appears in the [[flag of Andalusia]], itself based on the flag of the [[Middle Ages|Medieval]] [[Caliphate of Córdoba]].
* In [[Taiwan]], it is used by the [[Democratic Progressive Party]] and the wider [[Pan-Green Coalition]], a coalition generally associated with [[Taiwan independence movement|Taiwan independence]] as well as [[progressive liberalism]].
* In the [[United States]], it is used by the [[Green Party (United States)|Green Party]], which promotes [[green politics]], specifically things like [[environmentalism]].

=== Magenta ===
[[Magenta]] is a colour that started being used in the 21st century to replace yellow for some liberal and [[Centrism|centrist]] parties and organisations in Europe.{{cn|date=February 2025}} It is not to be confused with the socialist or social democratic use of the colour pink.
* In [[Politics of Germany|Germany]] although the official colour of the left-wing party [[The Left (Germany)|Die Linke]] is red, mass media uses magenta as the party colour to prevent confusion with the centre-left [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]] whose party colour is also red.
* In Poland, magenta is used by the [[Democratic socialism|democratic-socialist]] [[Left Together|Razem (Together)]] party.
*In the Canadian province of [[Newfoundland and Labrador]], magenta was used to represent the short lived [[Newfoundland Reform Liberal Party]].

=== Orange ===
[[Orange (colour)|Orange]] is the traditional colour of the [[Christian democratic]] political ideology and most Christian democratic political parties, which are based on [[Catholic social teaching]] and/or [[neo-Calvinist]] theology.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}} Christian democratic political parties came to prominence in Europe and [[the Americas]] after [[World War II]].<ref name="Witte1993">{{cite book |first=John |last=Witte |title=Christianity and Democracy in Global Context |year=1993 |publisher=[[Westview Press]] |isbn=9780813318431 |page=9}}</ref><ref name="Reuchamps2014">{{cite book |title=Minority Nations in Multinational Federations: A Comparative Study of Quebec and Wallonia |first=Min |last=Reuchamps |date=17 December 2014 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=9781317634720 |page=140}}</ref> Orange less frequently represents various kinds of [[Populism|populist]] parties. Such is the case in Austria, Germany, France, Portugal, Switzerland, Finland, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Turkey.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://unherd.com/2019/01/is-blue-collar-populism-here-to-stay/ | title=Is blue-collar populism here to stay? | website=unherd.com | author=Henry Olsen | date=28 January 2019 }}</ref>
* Since 2004, orange has represented some post-Communist democratic revolutions ("[[colour revolutions]]") in Eastern Europe such as the "[[Orange Revolution]]" in [[Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Taras |last=Kuzio |title=Aspects of the Orange Revolution VI: Post-Communist Democratic Revolutions in Comparative Perspective |date=2007}}</ref> This gave the colour orange a certain association with radical anti-authoritarian politics in some countries and it has been used as such by groups and organisations in the Middle East, for example in [[Free Patriotic Movement|Lebanon]], the [[Independent Palestine|Palestinian Authority]], [[Kifaya|Egypt]], [[National Democratic Action Society|Bahrain]] and [[Israel]].{{cn|date=February 2025}}
* [[Humanism]] frequently uses orange for representation. It is the colour of the [[Humanist International]], as well as the humanist parties in [[Humanist Party (Argentina)|Argentina]], Costa Rica and [[Humanist Party (Chile)|Chile]], and other humanist organisations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.oregonstate.edu/authenticorange/tag/humanism/|title=Archived Blog|website=blogs.oregonstate.edu}}</ref>
* Orange is often used to represent the [[Mutualism (economic theory)|mutualist]] current in anarchist politics, as a middle ground between pro-market currents such as [[anarcho-capitalism]] (associated with the colour yellow of liberalism) and anti-capitalist currents such as [[anarcho-syndicalism]] and [[anarcho-communism]] (associated with the colour red of communism and socialism).<ref>{{Cite web| title=Clarence Lee Swartz: What is Mutualism? (1927) | url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/26547/GIPE-020771.pdf?sequence=3 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017171724/https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/26547/GIPE-020771.pdf?sequence=3 | archive-date=2020-10-17}}</ref>
* In [[Australia]], orange is used to represent the [[Pauline Hanson's One Nation|One Nation]] party, a [[Right-wing populism|right-wing populist]] and [[National conservatism|national-conservative]] led by [[Pauline Hanson]]. It is also used to represent other populist parties, such as the [[Centre Alliance]] party.
* In [[Brazil]], orange is the colour of the liberal [[Partido Novo|New Party]] and also is the colour of two parties associated with a socially conservative social democracy: [[Labour Party of Brazil|Forward]] and [[Solidarity (Brazil)|Solidarity]].
* In [[Canada]], Orange is the official colour of the social-democratic [[New Democratic Party]]. During [[Jack Layton]]'s leadership green was used as their accent colour; The logo was a green maple leaf with orange "NDP" lettering. Currently light blue is used as their accent colour although it seldom appears and is not included in the logo (the current logo is an orange maple leaf with orange "NDP" lettering).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndp.ca/branding |website=NDP Branding and Photos |access-date=6 December 2021 |title=Branding Toolkit}}</ref>
* In [[Cyprus]], since its adoption by the fans of [[APOEL FC]], orange has been associated with [[Fascism|fascist]] and [[Ultranationalism|ultranationalist]] politics.
* The [[Czech Social Democratic Party]] uses orange alongside the more traditional red.
* During the [[English Civil War]] of 1642, orange was associated with parliamentarian [[Roundhead]]s.
* In [[Greece]], orange is associated with liberal and centrist parties, like [[Center Union (Greece)|Center Union]], [[Drassi]] and [[Recreate Greece]]{{original research inline|date=July 2020}}
* In [[Hungary]] the colour is associated with the [[Conservatism|conservative]] [[Fidesz]] party, which has been in office for several years. Probably because of the country's history, that [[Opposition to immigration|anti-immigrationism]] has become popular (see [[Treaty of Trianon|Trianon]]).
* In [[Israel]], the colour orange has become the dominant colour of the right-wing, with an emphasis on the religious-right. This is when, from 2004, the colour became the leader of a protest against the disengagement plan, and became identified with the right-wing camp.
* In [[Mexico]], orange is not linked to Christian democratic movements (the Christian democratic party [[National Action Party (Mexico)|Partido Acción Nacional]] uses blue). Instead, it is linked to the centre-left secular party [[Movimiento Ciudadano]].
* In [[New Zealand]], the Electoral Commission rejected a proposed orange logo<ref>{{cite web |title=The Family Party – Applications to register party name and logo |url=http://www.elections.org.nz/news-media/family-party-applications-register-party-name-abbreviation-logo |author=[[Electoral Commission (New Zealand)|Electoral Commission]] |date=27 November 2007 |access-date=20 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150127200330/http://www.elections.org.nz/news-media/family-party-applications-register-party-name-abbreviation-logo |archive-date=27 January 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> for being likely to confuse or mislead voters by being too similar to the colour used by the country's electoral agencies.<ref>{{cite web |author=[[Electoral Commission (New Zealand)|Electoral Commission]] |url=http://www.elections.org.nz/news-media/family-party-registered-logo-declined-act-party-abbreviation-registered |title=The Family Party registered, logo declined |date=17 December 2007 |access-date=20 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150127200229/http://www.elections.org.nz/news-media/family-party-registered-logo-declined-act-party-abbreviation-registered |archive-date=27 January 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* In [[Peru]], orange is associated with [[Fujimorism]] and Fujimorist parties such as [[Popular Force]] and [[New Majority (Peru)]].
* In [[Poland]], it is associated and was formerly used by the liberal [[Civic Platform]] party.
* In the [[Republic of Ireland]], [[Northern Ireland]] and [[Scotland]] orange is associated with [[Unionism (Ireland)|Unionism]] and the [[Orange Order]].
* In [[South Africa]], orange is often associated with conservative [[Afrikaner]] political movements. Orange was the official colour of the [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] which was the country's governing party from 1948 to 1994. Additionally, its successor, the [[New National Party (South Africa)|New National Party]], used the colour orange. It is the used by the [[Christian democracy|Christian democratic]] and [[Afrikaner nationalism|Afrikaner nationalist]] party [[Freedom Front Plus]]. Orange red is the official colour of the [[Independent Democrats]], a [[Social democracy|social democratic]] political party in the Northern and Western Cape Provinces.
* In [[Spain]], orange is used by [[Citizens (Spanish political party)|Citizens]], a liberal party that opposes [[Catalan separatism]]. This is in contrast to the yellow used by Catalan separatism (see below).
* In [[Thailand]], orange is used by the banned [[Future Forward Party]], and its successor parties, the [[Move Forward Party|Move Forward]] and the [[People's Party (Thailand, 2024)|People's Party]], been associated with [[social democracy]] and progressivism.
* In [[Japan]], [[Sanseitō]], a newly founded, [[Ultraconservatism|ultraconservative]], [[Right-wing populism|right-wing populist]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=未希 |first=木下 |date=2022-07-10 |title=【参院選】「ブルーオーシャン」飛び込んだ参政党 SNS世代巻き込む |url=https://www.sankei.com/article/20220710-YWR3C25AI5KNDDUMJCXJS2S2JY/ |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=産経ニュース |language=ja}}</ref> [[List of political parties in Japan|political party in Japan]] uses this colour.

=== Pink ===
[[Pink]] is sometimes used by [[social democracy|social democratic]] parties, such as in [[Socialist Party (France)|France]] and [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Portugal]]. The more traditional colour of social democracy is red (because social democracy is descended from the democratic socialist movement), but some countries have large social democratic parties alongside large socialist or communist parties, so that it would be confusing for them all to use red.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/international/2007/05/10/the-peoples-flag-is-palest-pink |title=The people's flag is palest pink |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=10 May 2007}}</ref> In such cases, social democrats are usually the ones who give up red in favour of a different colour. Pink is often chosen because it is seen as a softer, less aggressive version of red, in the same way that social democracy is more centrist and capitalistic than socialism.
* In some European nations and the United States, pink is associated with homosexuality and the pink flag is used as a symbol in support of civil rights for [[LGBT]] people;<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/pride/8007038/pink-gay-icon-5-reasons |title=Queen Of The Underdogs: 5 Reasons Pink Is an Underappreciated Gay Icon |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=23 October 2017}}</ref> it is commonly used to represent [[queer anarchism]]. This use originates in Nazi German policy of appending [[Nazi concentration camp badges|pink triangles]] to the clothing of homosexual prisoners.
* The [[Austria]]n liberal party [[NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum|NEOS]] uses pink as its main colour, though this corresponds closer to the use of magenta typically associated with centrist liberal parties.
* In the [[Dominion of Newfoundland]], pink was used to represent the [[Newfoundland People's Party]].

=== Purple ===
[[File:Reivindicaciones 8M (49638766962).jpg|thumb|250x250px|Purple placards and clothing at an [[International Women's Day]] event in Spain]]
Although [[purple]] has some older associations with [[monarchism]], it is the most prominent colour that is not traditionally connected to any major contemporary ideology. As such, it is sometimes used to represent a mix of different ideologies, or new protest movements that are critical of all previously existing large parties and [[minor party|minor parties]].
* Since purple, green and white were adopted by the [[Women's Social and Political Union]]<ref name="f608">{{cite web | title=WSPU Flag | website=UK Parliament | url=https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/electionsvoting/womenvote/parliamentary-collections/collections-suffragettes/flag/ | access-date=3 February 2025}}</ref> (the [[Suffragettes]]), purple has been associated with [[feminism]] and the women's movement.<ref name="f879">{{cite journal | last=Sawer | first=Marian | title=Wearing your Politics on your Sleeve: The Role of Political Colours in Social Movements | journal=Social Movement Studies | volume=6 | issue=1 | date=2007 | issn=1474-2837 | doi=10.1080/14742830701251294 | pages=39–56}}</ref><ref name="l661">{{cite journal | last=Goldman | first=Jane | title= "Purple Buttons on her Bodice": Feminist History and Iconography in "The Waves" | journal=Woolf Studies Annual | publisher=Pace University Press | volume=2 | year=1996 | issn=1080-9317 | jstor=24906389 | pages=3–25 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/24906389 | access-date=3 February 2025}}</ref> 1970s feminists such as [[Dale Spender]] and [[Midge Mackenzie]] revived these colours, and they were used officially for [[International Women's Year]] in 1975 and subsequently as the colours for [[International Women's Day]].<ref name="f879"/><ref name="z420">{{cite web | last=Mullally | first=William | title=Why is purple the color of International Women's Day? | website=Esquire Middle East – The Region’s Best Men’s Magazine | date=8 March 2023 | url=https://www.esquireme.com/news/why-is-purple-the-official-color-of-international-womens-day | access-date=3 February 2025}}</ref> Often in combination with green, it the symbol for feminist political parties such as the UK's [[Women's Equality Party]] or the [[Women's List]] in Iceland. When combined with black, it is used to represent [[anarcha-feminism]].
* Purple has been the colour of the international [[Pirate Party]] movement since the founding of the [[Pirate Party (Sweden)|Swedish Pirate Party]] in 2006.
* In [[Albania]], purple is the colour of the [[Socialist Party of Albania]].
* In [[Australia]], purple is used by the [[Australian Electoral Commission]], the independent statutory authority responsible for the management of federal elections. While use of the colour purple by political parties is not prohibited in itself, it is strongly discouraged owing to the possibility of confusion and the risk of contravening laws against misleadingly branded election signage.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aec.gov.au/FAQs/files/21-1579-factsheet-purple-signage-02.pdf |title=Australian Electoral Commission Fact Sheet: Purple campaign signage |access-date=1 March 2024 |website=www.aec.gov.au}}</ref>
* In [[Brazil]], purple is the colour associated with some [[Progressive liberalism|progressive liberal]] movements such as [[Cidadania]] and [[Livres (movement)|Livres]]. This colour is chosen because those movements consider themselves to be mixing the best ideas of the [[left-wing politics|left]] (associated with red) and the [[right-wing politics|right]] (associated with blue)
* In [[Canada]], the [[People's Party of Canada]] is a [[Right-libertarianism|right-libertarian]] and [[Right-wing populism|right-wing populist]] party whose colour has been purple since its founding and have changed their logo in 2021 to reflect that. The [[People's Alliance of New Brunswick]] are another right-wing party that uses purple in Canada. Previously, purple was used by several municipal politicians, such as [[Naheed Nenshi]] and [[Lisa Helps]], as a "[[Nonpartisanism|nonpartisan]]" or "[[postpartisan]]" colour, due to its lack of association with any major party or ideological viewpoints.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hopper |first1=Tristin |title='Post-partisan purple': The rise of Canada's newest (and most fabulous) political colour |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/post-partisan-purple-the-rise-of-canadas-newest-and-most-fabulous-political-colour |access-date=25 November 2021 |publisher=[[National Post]] |date=14 November 2014}}</ref> In the 1980s and 1990s, the [[Alberta New Democratic Party|Alberta NDP]] used purple as their main colour instead of orange – their current colour and the standard colour of [[New Democratic Party|NDP]] parties across Canada. This was because orange was being used as the secondary colour by the [[Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta|Alberta Progressive Conservatives]].
* In the [[Dominican Republic]], the [[Dominican Liberation Party]] logo is a yellow five-pointed star on a purple background. It was originally a leftist party but today the party is seen gravitating towards a more centrist platform.
* In Europe, purple tends to be used for movements, parties and governments that are neither clearly right nor left.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gp.org/forget_red_vs_blue |title=Forget Red vs. Blue: The Paradigm for the 21st Century is Orange, Purple, and Green |date=1 March 2019 |website=www.gp.org}}</ref> The colour is also used by the [[Federalisation of the European Union|European federalist]] party [[Volt Europa|Volt]].
** It has been used to represent the [[Purple (government)|Purple governments]] of [[Belgium]] and the [[Netherlands]], formed by an alliance of red social-democratic and blue liberal parties.
* In the [[Republic of Ireland]], purple is the colour of the [[Social Democrats (Ireland)|Social Democrats]];<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/the-colour-purple-on-the-hustings-with-social-democrat-catherine-murphy-1.2538637 |title=The colour purple: on the hustings with Social Democrat Catherine Murphy |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]|format=video}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://connachttribune.ie/wheres-the-non-soc-dem-pride-in-brod-committee/ |title=Where's the non Soc Dem pride in Bród committee? |first=Dara |last=Bradley |website=connachttribune.ie |date=5 February 2021 |access-date=5 January 2022 |archive-date=5 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105213517/https://connachttribune.ie/wheres-the-non-soc-dem-pride-in-brod-committee/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> in most other countries, [[social democrats]] use pink or red, but the use of purple has allowed the party to stand out visually from other left-wing parties (such as [[Labour Party (Ireland)|Labour]], [[Solidarity (Ireland)|Solidarity]], [[People Before Profit]] and the [[Workers' Party (Ireland)|Workers' Party]], who all use shades of red and pink). Co-leader [[Catherine Murphy (politician)|Catherine Murphy]] used purple as her personal colour when she was an [[independent politician]], prior to the party's foundation in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://79.170.44.204/catherinemurphy.ie/?p=444|title=Catherine Murphy, TD|website=79.170.44.204}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/election-2016-on-the-canvass-with-catherine-murphy-1.2538786 |title=Election 2016: On the canvass with Catherine Murphy |first=Mary |last=Minihan |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.ie/opinion/columnists/lise-hand/golly-more-tds-set-out-on-an-awfully-big-venture-31380737.html |title=Golly – more TDs set out on an Awfully Big Venture |work=[[Irish Independent]]}}</ref>
* In Israel, because purple has been a less politicised colour (and inspired by Spain's [[Podemos (Spanish political party)|Podemos]]), the colour has become the symbol of [[Standing Together (movement)|Standing Together]], a grassroots joint Jewish/Palestinian for social justice.<ref name="m242"/><ref name="g443">{{cite web | title=About | website=Standing Together | date=1 January 1970 | url=https://www.standing-together.org/en/about-en | access-date=3 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123181348/https://www.standing-together.org/en/about-en|archive-date=23 January 2025}}</ref>
* In [[Italy]], purple has been adopted by anti-[[Silvio Berlusconi]] protesters (see [[Purple People]]) as an alternative from other colours and political parties.
* In [[Politics of Peru|Peru]], the [[Purple Party]] is a liberal party which chose purple as its colour to represent centrism, between the blue of the right and red of the left.
* In [[Spain]], purple is associated with [[left-wing politics|leftist]] [[anti-fascist]] [[Republicanism in Spain|republicanism]], as purple (originally the colour representing [[Castile and León]]), along with gold and red, was the colour of the [[Flag of the Second Spanish Republic|flag]] of the [[Second Spanish Republic]].<ref name="p071">{{cite web | last=Palmer | first=Ellis | title=Controversial Spain football shirt causes anger | website=BBC News | date=8 November 2017 | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-41915356 | access-date=3 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="f018">{{cite web | title=Anti-monarchy protests persist in Spain | website=Al Jazeera | date=8 June 2014 | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/6/8/anti-monarchy-protests-persist-in-spain | access-date=3 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="g895">{{cite web | last=Nash | first=Cassandra | title=Red, yellow and purple | website=Euro Weekly News | date=18 September 2018 | url=https://euroweeklynews.com/2018/09/18/red-yellow-and-purple/ | access-date=3 February 2025}}</ref> The left-wing to far-left and [[republicanism in Spain|republican]] [[Podemos (Spanish political party)|Podemos]] uses purple.<ref name="z590">{{cite web | last=Tremlett | first=Giles | title=The Podemos revolution: how a small group of radical academics changed European politics | website=the Guardian | date=31 March 2015 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/31/podemos-revolution-radical-academics-changed-european-politics | access-date=3 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="m242">{{cite web | last=Leifer | first=Joshua | title=The new Jewish-Arab movement that plans to save the Israeli left | website=+972 Magazine | date=9 April 2018 | url=https://www.972mag.com/the-new-jewish-arab-movement-that-plans-to-save-the-israeli-left/ | access-date=3 February 2025}}</ref>
* In [[Turkey]], the [[Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)|Peoples' Democratic Party]] (HDP) is often represented with the colour purple. Considered on the [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] of the political spectrum and a merger of various [[Socialism|socialist]] and [[Kurds in Turkey|pro-Kurdish]] movements, the party places a strong emphasis on [[Participatory democracy|participatory]] and [[radical democracy]], [[feminism]], [[LGBT rights in Turkey|LGBT rights]], [[minority rights]], [[youth rights]] and [[egalitarianism]].
* In the United Kingdom, purple is most commonly associated with [[UK Independence Party|UKIP]], a formerly prominent eurosceptic party which has since become extremely minor. Purple has also been the official colour of two other British [[Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom|Eurosceptic]] parties, [[Veritas (political party)|Veritas]] and the [[Christian Peoples Alliance]]. From these associations, among others, the colour purple has been linked with [[far-right politics]] in the UK.{{cn|date=February 2025}} However, it is also the colour of the [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]], [[Pro-Europeanism|pro-European]] [[Co-operative Party]], which has an electoral pact with the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]].
* In the [[United States]], the [[Working Families Party]], which is a [[Progressivism in the United States|progressive]] [[Third party (U.S. politics)|third party]], uses purple as one of its primary party colours. Purple is also used to describe populations with a near-equal mix of Democrat (blue) and Republican (red) voters, particularly in the context of Presidential elections. 21st-century election reporting commonly refers to "[[Swing state|Purple states]]" or "Purple counties" for regions where neither party appears to have a clear majority among likely voters (i.e. contested frequently between the Republican Party, whose unofficial colour is red; and the Democratic Party, whose unofficial colour is blue). It has also been used to reference [[Purple America]], noting that electoral differences nationwide are observed more on discrepancies instead of unity (see [[red states and blue states]]). Purple is also used by [[centrism|centrists]] to represent a combination of beliefs belonging to the Republicans and the Democrats.{{cn|date=February 2025}}

=== Red ===
[[File:Wpi france.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Red flags and a banner at a socialist rally in [[Lyon]], France, on [[International Workers' Day]] in 2009]]
[[Red]] is often associated with [[Left-wing politics|the left]], especially [[socialism]] and [[communism]].<ref name=":0" /> The oldest symbol of socialism (and by extension communism) is the [[Red flag (politics)|red flag]], which dates back to the French Revolution in the 18th century and the [[revolutions of 1848]]. Before this nascence, the colour red was generally associated with Christianity due to the symbolism and association of [[Jesus Christ|Christ]]'s blood. The colour red was chosen to represent the blood of the workers who died in the struggle against capitalism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Red Flag |url=https://ageofrevolution.org/200-object/red-flag/ |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=Age of Revolution}}</ref>  All major socialist and communist alliances and organisations—including the [[First International|First]], [[Second International|Second]], [[Comintern|Third]] and [[Fourth International|Fourth]] Internationals—used red as their official colour. The association between the colour red and communism is particularly strong. Communists use red much more often and more extensively than other ideologies use their respective traditional colours.
* In Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand red is also associated with parties of [[social democracy]] and [[democratic socialism]] and often their allies within the [[labour movement]], a symbol of common [[solidarity]] among leftists.
* Additionally, in parts of Latin America, red is also the traditional colour of liberal parties. It was the colour used, for example, in Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua and Uruguay for liberal parties.
* In [[Brazil]], red is used by the [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]], supporters of [[Lula]] and [[Communism|communist parties]]. The association of red with [[Lulism]] and communism has become so prevalent in recent years that other parties that had red as a primary or secondary colour switched colours so as not to be associated with or confused with Lula, PT and the communist parties.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}
* In [[Canada]], red is the colour of the [[Communist Party of Canada]] and is also used by the [[Liberal Party of Canada]].
* In [[China]], red is the colour used by the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP).
* In [[Hong Kong]], red is used by the [[Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)|pro-Beijing camp]]. 
* In [[Indonesia]], red is used primarily by [[Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle]] and their previous iterations, the [[Indonesian National Party]] and the [[Indonesian Democratic Party]]. It is also used by [[Indonesian Solidarity Party]]. 
* In [[Macau]], red is used by the [[Pro-Beijing camp (Macau)|pro-Beijing camp]]. 
* In [[Malaysia]], red was currently used to represent [[Pakatan Harapan]] and also the [[Socialist Party of Malaysia]]. Meanwhile, red is also used [[United Malays National Organisation|United Malays National Organization]] and [[Malaysian United Indigenous Party]] as part of the Malay Tricolour (the other being yellow and green).
* In [[Poland]], it is used by the social-democratic [[The Left (Poland)|Lewica]] party. The colour crimson has traditionally been used by Polish monarchists.
* In [[Russia]], red is used by the [[Communist Party of the Russian Federation]]. In the [[Soviet Union]], red was the colour used by the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]].
* In [[Singapore]], red is used as the official colours for both the [[Singapore Democratic Party]]<ref>Mutalib, ''Parties and Politics'', pp. 168</ref> and the [[Progress Singapore Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Vision |url=https://psp.org.sg/vision/ |website=PSP |access-date=8 July 2024}}</ref> Both parties had [[social liberalism]] ideologies.
* In [[Spain]], red is the official colour of both the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] and the [[Communist Party of Spain]]. Because the Socialists are a major party, and in order to avoid a clash of colours, the Communist [[United Left (Spain)|United Left]] voluntarily uses [[dark red]] as its customary colour.
* In [[Taiwan]], it is used by the [[Taiwan People's Communist Party]] and the wider [[united front in Taiwan]], associated with [[Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party|Chinese communism]] and allegiance to the CCP.
* In [[Thailand]], red is used by [[Pheu Thai Party]] and supporters of [[Thaksin Shinawatra]], hence the umbrella term "[[Red Shirts (Thailand)|Red Shirts]]".
* In the [[United Kingdom]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], and [[Ireland]], red is also the colour of the labour movement and the Labour parties in those countries (spelled '[[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]]' in Australia). The use of red as a symbol is referenced in the British Labour Party's anthem, ''[[The Red Flag]]''.<ref name="Hitchens2010">{{cite book |first=Peter |last=Hitchens |title=The Cameron Delusion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8WvOBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA181 |date=26 March 2010 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-4411-2390-9 |page=181 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>
* In the heyday of the [[British Empire]] before 1960, maps, globes, and atlases typically used red or pink to designate the Empire or its Commonwealth;<ref>{{cite book |first=Arthur Jay |last=Klinghoffer |title=The Power of Projections: How Maps Reflect Global Politics and History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WhyPBHJV5VYC&pg=PA79 |year=2006 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing]] |page=79 |isbn=9780275991357 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> the practice inspired the [[All-Red Route]] and the [[All Red Line]]. This derived from the [[Red coat (military uniform)|Redcoats]] traditionally worn by the British Army. As soon as a colony became independent, it needed its own distinctive colour and the practice died out.
* A key exception to the convention of red to mean the left-wing of politics is the United States. Since about the year 2000, the mass media have associated red with the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], even though the Republican Party is a [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] party (see [[red states and blue states]]).<ref name="David Starkey 2007"/> This use is possibly entrenched, as many political organisations (for example, the website [[RedState]]) now use the term.
* Since the 2010s, some conservative parties such as the [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]] of [[Japan]] and the [[People Power Party (South Korea)|People Power Party]] of [[South Korea]] have also adopted red as their political colour.

=== Saffron ===
[[Saffron (color)|Saffron]] is traditionally associated with [[Hinduism]], [[Hindutva]] and the [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu nationalist movement]].<ref name="Saffron">{{cite book |title=Manufacturing Citizenship: education and nationalism in Europe, South Asia and China |first=Véronique |last=Bénéï |year=2005 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=0-415-36488-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XCUNB8koN-8C&q=Saffronization&pg=PA156 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> Saffron was chosen because in Hinduism, the deep saffron colour is associated with sacrifice, religious abstinence, quest for light and salvation. Saffron or "Bhagwa" is the most sacred colour for the Hindus and is often worn by Sanyasis who have left their home in search of the ultimate truth.

=== Teal ===
* In Australia, the colour teal, and the term "[[teal independents]]", have become associated with some of the [[centrist]] [[independent politician|independent]] candidates supported by the [[Voices groups in Australia]] and campaigning on a platform emphasising [[climate change]] action, tackling [[corruption]] in politics, and [[gender equality]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Who are the 'teal independents'? Your questions answered about the candidates fighting for some of Australia's wealthiest electorates |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=20 April 2022 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-04-20/teal-independents-who-are-candidates-what-electorates/101000412 |first1=Sam |last1=Hawley |first2=Stephen |last2=Smiley}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The rise of the teal independents and the battle for Wentworth |date=27 April 2022 |first=Josh |last=Butler |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/audio/2022/apr/27/the-rise-of-the-teal-independents-and-the-battle-for-wentworth}}</ref> Six such candidates won seats at the [[2022 Australian federal election]], ousting incumbent MPs from the [[Liberal Party of Australia]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/may/23/teal-independents-who-are-they-how-did-they-upend-australia-election |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=Teal independents: who are they and how did they upend Australia's election? |first=Calla |last=Wahlquist |date=23 May 2022}}</ref> One theory about the colour teal in this context is that it symbolises a mixture of blue (the Liberal Party's colour) with green (representing environmental concerns).<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2022/05/25/australias-election-sets-a-heartening-precedent-on-climate-change |title=Australia's election sets a heartening precedent on climate change |date=25 May 2022}}</ref>
* In Spain, because the colour green is connected to monarchism, environmental parties use teal in order to avoid clash of colours. They include the parties; [[Más Madrid]], [[Más País]] and [[Equo]].
* In the United Kingdom, teal is used by right-wing populist [[Reform UK]], because it is seen as a version of the conservative blue.
* In Canada, teal is used by the French-Canadian nationalist [[Bloc Québécois]].
* In Austria, teal is the main colour of the [[Austrian People's Party]]. The colour was changed from black to teal as a part of the party's rebranding campaign after the [[Sebastian Kurz]] [[Kurz corruption probe|corruption scandal]] and subsequent drop in the party's popularity.

=== White ===
[[White]] is today mainly linked to [[pacifism]] (as in the [[White flag|surrender flag]]).<ref name=":0" />
* Historically, it was associated with support for [[absolute monarchy]], starting with the supporters of the [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon dynasty]] of France because it was the dynasty's colour. Partly due to this association, white also came to be associated with [[Jacobitism]], itself allied with the Bourbons. White cockades, white ladies' gloves, and ''[[Rosa pimpinellifolia]]'' (the 'burnet' or 'Stuart' rose) symbolised support for the exiled [[House of Stuart]]. Because some of the Russian "Whites" had similar goals to the French "Whites" of a century earlier,{{cn|date=February 2025}} it was used by the [[White movement|Whites]] who fought against the communist "Reds" in the [[Russian Civil War]] (see also [[White Army]]), although the Whites included many different people with many ideologies, such as monarchists, liberals, anticommunist social democrats and others.
** Because of its use by anti-communist forces in Russia, the colour white came to be associated in the 20th century with many different [[anti-communist]] and counter-revolutionary groups,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dw.com/en/orange-green-or-black-the-colors-of-revolutions/a-50050659 |title=Orange, green or black: The colors of revolutions &#124; DW &#124; 16.08.2019 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> even those that did not support absolute monarchy (for example, the Finnish "[[Whites (Finland)|Whites]]" who fought against the socialist "[[Red Guards (Finland)|Reds]]" in the civil war following the [[independence of Finland]]). In some revolutions, red is used to represent the revolutionaries and white is used to represent the supporters of the old order, regardless of the ideologies or goals of the two sides.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
* In Italy, a red cross on a white shield ({{lang|it|scudo crociato}}) is the emblem of Catholic parties from the historical [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]] party.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://wou.edu/wp/exhibits/files/2015/07/christianity.pdf | title=Color Symbolism in Christianity | access-date=15 October 2020 | archive-date=1 November 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101085035/https://wou.edu/wp/exhibits/files/2015/07/christianity.pdf | url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The white uniforms for the [[Singapore]]'s political party, the [[People's Action Party]], represents its [[conservatism]], and to promote unity and pure political ideologies.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Party |url=https://www.pap.org.sg/our-party/ |website=People's Action Party |access-date=8 November 2021}}</ref>
* In the politics of the United Kingdom, white represents independent politicians such as [[Martin Bell]].{{Cn|date=July 2024}}
* The [[Yorkshire Party]], a [[Devolution in the United Kingdom|Devolutionist]] [[Political party|Political Party]] with elected representatives in [[Yorkshire]], uses a stylised [[White Rose of York]] as its emblem.

=== Yellow and gold<span class="anchor" id="Yellow"></span>  ===
[[Yellow]] and [[Gold (color)|gold]] are the colours most strongly associated with [[right-libertarianism]] and ([[classical liberalism|classical]]) [[liberalism]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Color Design Workbook: A Real World Guide to Using Color in Graphic Design |last1=Adams |first1=Sean |last2=Morioka |first2=Noreen |last3=Stone |first3=Terry Lee |date=2006 |publisher=[[Rockport Publishers]] |isbn=159253192X |location=Gloucester, Mass. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/colordesignworkb0000ston/page/86 86] |oclc=60393965 |url=https://archive.org/details/colordesignworkb0000ston/page/86}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=Rohit Vishal |last2=Joshi |first2=Radhika |date=October–December 2006 |title=Colour, Colour Everywhere: In Marketing Too |journal=SCMS Journal of Indian Management |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=40–46 |issn=0973-3167 |ssrn=969272}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Cassel-Picot |first=Muriel |chapter=The Liberal Democrats and the Green Cause: From Yellow to Green |editor1-last=Leydier |editor1-first=Gilles |editor2-last=Martin |editor2-first=Alexia |date=2013 |title=Environmental Issues in Political Discourse in Britain and Ireland |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=fFgxBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA105 105] |isbn=9781443852838 }}</ref> In several countries, the [[yellow ribbon]], often associated with showing support for troops serving in wars, prisoners of war or hostages,  has taken on a political meaning. 
* In Latin America, it is not unusual for left-wing [[social democratic]] parties to use yellow, as red was the traditional colour of liberals, especially in countries with prominent red-using liberal parties like Uruguay, Honduras, Mexico, Colombia and Costa Rica.
* Yellow is also associated with Judaism and the [[Jewish people]], although this may be seen negatively (see also [[Yellow badge]]).<ref name="s611">{{cite journal | last1=Greene | first1=Dana M. | last2=Peacock | first2=James R. | title=Judaism, Jewishness, and the Universal Symbols of Identity: Re-Sacralizing the Star of David and the Color Yellow | journal=Studies in American Jewish Literature (1981-) | publisher=Penn State University Press | volume=30 | year=2011 | issn=0271-9274 | jstor=41228665 | pages=80–98 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41228665 | access-date=13 May 2025}}</ref> It has consequently been taken up by the [[Revisionist Zionist]] and [[Kach]] movements,{{cn|date=May 2025}} and yellow ribbons are used to demonstrate support for hostages taken by Palestinian militants,<ref name="p783">{{cite web | last=Eyadat | first=Fadi | title=Tie a Yellow Ribbon: Israeli Mothers Hold Protest Calling for Gilad Shalit's Release | website=Haaretz.com | date=29 June 2008 | url=https://www.haaretz.com/2008-06-29/ty-article/tie-a-yellow-ribbon-israeli-mothers-hold-protest-calling-for-gilad-shalits-release/0000017f-f113-dc28-a17f-fd37e4940000 | access-date=13 May 2025}}</ref> especially after [[October 7 attacks|7 October 2023]].<ref name="d947">{{cite web | title=Why yellow ribbons? The origins of the symbol of hope for the Israeli hostages | website=All Israel News | date=13 May 2025 | url=https://allisrael.com/why-yellow-ribbons-the-origins-of-the-symbol-of-hope-for-the-israeli-hostages | access-date=13 May 2025}}</ref>
* In East and Southeast Asia, yellow is used to represent [[Monarchy|monarchies]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} For instance, in [[Thailand]] yellow represents [[Monarchy of Thailand|King]] [[Bhumibol]] and King Vajiralongkorn, apart from the colour of the royalists, known as the "yellowshirts". It was also the colour of the pro-monarchy [[Panchayat (Nepal)|Panchayat]] system in the [[Kingdom of Nepal]].
* It is also a common colour to represent [[Buddhism]]; monks in [[Myanmar]] used it in the [[Saffron Revolution|anti-government protests in 2007–2008]].
* [[Yellow socialism]] was a political movement in France from 1902 until World War I, opposed to the "red socialism" of [[Marxism]].
* In [[Australia]], yellow is used to represent the [[United Australia Party (2013)|United Australia Party]] established in 2013.
* In [[Brazil]], yellow, combined with green, is associated with [[right-wing populist]]s and [[national conservative]]s movements [[anti-corruption|against corruption]], anti-[[Workers Party (Brazil)|Workers Party]], [[anti-communist]]s, supportive of [[impeachment of Dilma Rousseff]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2016-07/de-verde-amarelo-manifestantes-anti-dilma-protestam-na-avenida-paulista |title=De verde e amarelo, manifestantes anti-Dilma protestam na Avenida Paulista |language=pt |trans-title=In green and yellow, anti-Dilma protesters protest on Avenida Paulista |date=31 July 2016}}</ref> and later, with support of [[Jair Bolsonaro presidential campaign, 2018|Jair Bolsonaro]], like [[Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|PSL]] and the [[Alliance for Brazil]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.poder360.com.br/brasil/veja-imagens-dos-atos-pro-governo-neste-1o-de-maio/ |title=Veja imagens dos atos pró-governo neste 1º de maio |language=pt |trans-title=See images of the pro-government acts this May 1 |date=May 2021}}</ref> The association came because many of the protesters against Dilma wore the jersey of [[Brazil national football team]], which is yellow with the numbers and some details in green, and because the protesters chanted that the [[Brazilian flag]] "will never be red" (in reference to the colours of the communism and Workers' Party) and "will always be green and yellow".
* In [[Canada]], yellow does not have any dominant political connotation, and so is commonly used by [[Elections Canada]] as a politically neutral colour and as a high-visibility colour to mark polling stations.
* In [[Estonia]], yellow is used by the right-wing liberal [[Estonian Reform Party|Reform Party]].
* In [[Hong Kong]], yellow represents the [[Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)|pro-democracy]] supporters.<ref name="q939">{{cite web | last=Coleman | first=Jasmine | title=Hong Kong protests: The symbols and songs explained | website=BBC News | date=3 October 2014 | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-29473974 | access-date=13 May 2025}}</ref> (See also [[Yellow economic circle]].)
* In [[Macau]], yellow represents the [[Pro-democracy camp (Macau)|pro-democracy]] supporters.
* In [[Malaysia]], yellow was formerly used by [[Bersih]] (The Coalition for Clean and Fair Elections).
* In the [[Philippines]], yellow is commonly associated with the [[Centrism|centre]] to [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]] [[Liberal Party (Philippines)|Liberal Party]] although other colours such as red and blue are used.
* In [[Poland]], yellow is used by the liberal centrist party [[Poland 2050]].
* In [[Romania]], yellow is used by the [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party (PNL)]].
* In [[South Korea]], yellow associated with historically [[Uri Party]] and former [[President of South Korea|President]] [[Roh Moo-hyun]] supporters. Since 2015, [[Justice Party (South Korea)|Justice Party]] adopted the colour.
* In [[Spain]], regionally:
** Yellow is the colour used by supporters of the [[Catalan independence movement]]. Since 2017, separatists adopted the [[Yellow ribbon#Since 2017|yellow ribbon]] as one of their symbols along with the {{lang|ca|[[estelada]]}} (pro-independence flag).
** Yellow is the customary colour of [[Canarian nationalism]], with blue and white, the other colours in the [[flag of the Canary Islands]], also being used.
* In the [[United States]], the colour yellow was the official colour of the suffrage movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.<ref>Kathleen L. Endres and Therese L. Lueck, eds., Women's Periodicals in the United States: Social and Political Issues (Westport, CT.: Greenwood Press, 1996): 458, note 13.</ref> In the 21st century, the [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]]'s official branding colours are [[gold-yellow]], grey, and black.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Branding |url=https://lpaction.org/branding/ |access-date=6 July 2020 |website=LP Action}}</ref> The gold-yellow colour is prominent because of the historical association with classical liberalism and in reference to a gold-backed currency and free markets.
* In the [[United Kingdom]], the colour yellow is predominantly used by the [[Scottish National Party]], [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]], and [[Alliance Party of Northern Ireland]]. The use of political yellow dates back to David Lloyd George's publication of "[[Britain's Industrial Future]]" in the early to mid-1920s. Yellow denotes freedom, advancement, and novelty, with special importance on the freedom representing the desire of independence for the SNP.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodgson |first=Stewart |title=The history of political party logos |url=https://fabrikbrands.com/history-of-political-party-logos/ |website=Fabrik|date=10 May 2021 }}</ref>

== By country ==
=== Germany ===
In Germany, colours are commonly used by media and politicians as signals of political affiliation; this public practice helps them reach the increasing number of unaffiliated voters.
<ref name="bpb-farben">{{Cite web|trans-title=Colours as signposts in politics|title=Farben als Wegweiser in der Politik |url=https://www.bpb.de/apuz/29753/farben-als-wegweiser-in-der-politik?p=all |access-date=10 November 2016 |website=[[Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung]] (bpb)|date=12 May 2006 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2022-05-13 |date=2022-03-16 |language=de |title=Bundestagswahlen |url=https://www.bpb.de/kurz-knapp/zahlen-und-fakten/bundestagswahlen/ |website=Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2022-05-13 |language=de |title=Bundestagswahl 2021 |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/btw21/ |website=tagesschau.de}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2022-05-13 |date=2022-03-31 |language=de |title=Ergebnisse der Bundestagswahl 2021 |url=https://de.statista.com/themen/3999/bundestagswahlen-in-deutschland/#dossierKeyfigures |website=Statista}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>

Colour schemes used by major political parties in Germany include the following:
* [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party (SPD)]]: red
* [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union (CDU)]] and [[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|Christian Social Union (CSU)]]: black (in federal elections){{efn| In state elections and parliaments, CDU and CSU are sometimes depicted in blue or grey.}}
* [[Alliance 90/The Greens]]: green
* [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party (FDP)]]: yellow
* [[Alternative for Germany|Alternative for Germany (AfD)]]: blue
* [[The Left (Germany)|The Left (Die Linke)]]: red or magenta

===United Kingdom===
* In [[Politics of Northern Ireland|Northern Ireland]], the [[Unionism (Ireland)|Unionist]] parties in the [[Northern Ireland Assembly]] are called the "orange block" and the [[Irish Nationalism|Nationalist]] parties are the "green block".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-18769781 |title=Who are the Orangemen? |work=[[BBC News]] |date=11 July 2012}}</ref>
** Some of the established political parties use or have used different colour variations in certain localities. This was common in British politics up to the 1970s. The traditional colour of the [[Penrith and The Border (UK Parliament constituency)|Penrith and the Border]] Conservatives was yellow, rather than dark blue, even in the [[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010 election]] Conservative candidates in Penrith and the neighbouring constituency of [[Westmorland and Lonsdale (UK Parliament constituency)|Westmorland and Lonsdale]] wore blue and yellow rosettes. In [[North East England]], the Conservatives traditionally used red, Labour green and the Liberals blue and orange. In parts of [[East Anglia]], the Conservatives used pink and blue, while in [[Norwich]] their colours were orange and purple. The Liberals and Conservatives used blue and red respectively in [[West Wales]], while in parts of [[Cheshire]] the Liberals were red and Labour yellow. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the Tories used orange in [[Birmingham]], pink in [[Whitby]] and red in [[East Worcestershire (UK Parliament constituency)|East Worcestershire]], while the Whigs were blue in [[Kendal]], purple in [[Marlborough, Wiltshire|Marlborough]] and orange in [[Wakefield]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-32510493|title=The seats where Tories weren't blue and Labour wasn't red|first=Jon|last=Kelly|date=4 May 2015|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=4 May 2015}}</ref> The traditional colour of the [[Warwickshire]] Liberals was green, rather than orange.
===United States===

[[File:ElectoralCollege2012.svg|thumb|In this map of the [[2012 United States presidential election]] <!-- chosen as the only colours on the map are red and blue; 2016 has multiple other colours on the map --> results, the states are colour-coded by the political colour of the party whose candidate won their electoral college votes, but the political meanings of red and blue in the United States are the opposite of their meanings in the rest of the world.]]
* In the [[Politics of the United States|United States]] the two major political parties use the [[national colours]], i.e. red, white and blue. Historically, the only common situation in which it has been necessary to assign a single colour to a party has been in the production of political maps in graphical displays of election results. In such cases, there had been no consistent association of particular parties with particular colours. Between the early 1970s and 1992, most television networks used blue to denote states carried by the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] and red to denote states carried by the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] in presidential elections. A unified colour scheme (blue for Democrats, red for Republicans) began to be implemented with the 1996 presidential election; in the weeks following the 2000 election, there arose the terminology of [[red states and blue states]]. Political observers latched on to this association, which resulted from the use of red for Republican victories and blue for Democratic victories on the display map of a television network. As of November 2012, maps for presidential elections produced by the U.S. government also use blue for Democrats and red for Republicans.<ref name="US-NARA-map">{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/map/historic.html|title=Historic Election Results|publisher=The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration|access-date=2 November 2012}}</ref> In September 2010, the Democratic Party officially adopted an all-blue logo.<ref name="democrats.org"/> Around the same time, the official Republican website began using a red logo.
** This association has potential to confuse foreign observers in that, as described above, red is traditionally a left-wing colour (as used with the [[Democratic Socialists of America]]), while blue is typically associated with right-wing politics.<ref name=":3" /> This is further complicated by the diversity of [[Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)|factions in the Democratic Party]] ranging from conservatives to right-libertarians to [[Democratic socialism|democratic socialists]] alongside the dominant centrist and social liberal elements of the party that outside the United States often each use different political colours.
** The conservative [[Blue Dog Coalition]] within the Democratic Party adopted the colour blue at its founding, before the 2000 election solidified the red-blue convention.
** There is some historical use of blue for Democrats and red for Republicans: in the late 19th century and early 20th century, [[Texas]] county election boards used colour-coding to help Spanish speakers and illiterates identify the parties,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pqrsu |title=Reds and Blues – The Handbook of Texas Online |publisher=Tshaonline.org |access-date=17 October 2011}}</ref> but this system was not applied consistently in Texas and was not picked up on a national level. For instance in [[1888 United States presidential election|1888]], [[Grover Cleveland]] and [[Benjamin Harrison]] used maps that coded blue for the Republicans, the colour Harrison perceived to represent the Union and "[[Abraham Lincoln|Lincoln]]'s Party" and red for the Democrats.<ref>{{cite web |first=Tara A. |last=Rowe |url=http://politicalgame.blogspot.com/2005/01/red-and-blue-state-phenomenon.html |title=The Political Game: The Red and Blue State Phenomenon |work=Politicalgame.blogspot.com |date=13 January 2005 |access-date=17 October 2011 |archive-date=26 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726225755/http://politicalgame.blogspot.com/2005/01/red-and-blue-state-phenomenon.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=blog source|date=January 2023}}
** In [[Politics of Puerto Rico|Puerto Rico]], the main party, the pro-statehood [[New Progressive Party (Puerto Rico)|New Progressive Party]] uses blue, while the [[Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)|Popular Democratic Party]] uses red, and the [[Puerto Rican Independence Party]] uses green.
** In current-day U.S. politics, the colour red is also used to represent Donald Trump’s slogan, ‘’Make America Great Again’’and it’s signature accessory, a red baseball cap. The slogan and hat have become the most well-known political symbols in both America and across the world.
** The colour orange has also seen an uprise in American politics in recent years, being used by those who oppose 45th and 47th president Donald Trump to describe his facial complexion, which appears orange due to his now iconic spray tan.

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== See also ==
* [[Political uniform]]
* [[List of political ideologies]]
* [[List of political party symbols]]
* [[NATO Military Symbols for Land Based Systems#Affiliation]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{colour topics|colour}}

[[Category:Political terminology]]
[[Category:Political symbols|Colour]]
[[Category:Color in culture]]