View source for Politics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon

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{{Infobox political system|name=Politics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|native_name=''Politique à Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon''|image=Armoiries SaintPierreetMiquelon.svg|image_size=100px|caption=Seal of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|government=Devolved parliamentary [[local authority]] within [[French Republic]]|constitution=|formation={{start date and age|1946|10|27}}|dissolution=|website=|legislature=[[Territorial Council of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon|Territorial Council]]|legislature_type=[[Unicameral]]|legislature_place=Office of the Territory|upperhouse=|upperhouse_speaker=|upperhouse_speaker_title=|upperhouse_appointer=|lowerhouse=|lowerhouse_speaker=|lowerhouse_speaker_title=|lowerhouse_appointer=|title_hos=[[Prefect]]|current_hos=Bruno André|appointer_hos=[[President of France|President of the Republic]], [[Emmanuel Macron]]|title_hog=[[Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|President of the ''Collectivité'']]|current_hog=[[Bernard Briand]]|appointer_hog=[[Presidential elections in France|Direct popular vote]] ([[Two-round system|two rounds if necessary]])|cabinet=[[Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Executive Council]]|current_cabinet=[[Presidency of Bernard Briand]]|cabinet_leader=Prime Minister|cabinet_appointer=[[President of France|President of the Republic]]|cabinet_hq=Office of the Territory|cabinet_ministries=8|judiciary=[[Judiciary of France|Judiciary of Saint Pierre and Miquelon]]|law=[[Law of France|Law of Saint Pierre and Miquelon]]}}The '''politics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon''' take place in the framework of a [[parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[representative democracy|representative democratic]] French [[overseas collectivity]], whereby the President of the Territorial Council is the [[head of government]], and of a [[multi-party system]]. [[Executive power]] is exercised by the government, the « ''Conseil exécutif'' ».<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon |title=Le conseil exécutif |url=https://www.spm-ct975.fr/la-collectivite-territoriale/les-instances-territoriales/le-conseil-executif/ |access-date=4 October 2025 |website=spm-ct975.fr}}</ref>

Saint-Pierre and Miquelon has considerable fiscal and customs autonomy and exercises powers in areas normally reserved for the [[Government of France|French central government]] (marine resources, ships, international agreements in some cases). However, it also has no powers over certain sectors normally devolved to local authorities (secondary education, national roads, civil security, etc.), which remain the responsibility of the central government.

== Government ==

=== Executive power ===
Saint Pierre and Miquelon has a two-headed executive: the [[Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Prefect]] (representative of the [[President of France]] and the French government) and the President of the ''Collectivité'' (head of the local executive).

The [[head of state]] is the [[President of France]], currently [[Emmanuel Macron]]. The President is represented in the ''Collectivité'' by the [[Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Prefect of Saint Pierre & Miquelon]] (French: ''[[Prefect (France)|Préfet]]'') a position currently held by Christian Pouget.<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 July 2021|title=Le pass sanitaire, ou encore la réouverture des frontières avec le Canada, le préfet de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon fait le point|work=[[franceinfo]]|url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/saintpierremiquelon/saint-pierre-spm/le-pass-sanitaire-ou-encore-la-reouverture-des-frontieres-avec-le-canada-le-prefet-de-saint-pierre-et-miquelon-fait-le-point-1064074.html|access-date=27 July 2021}}</ref> The role of the prefect is equivalent to the role of a [[governor]] or [[Governor-general|governor general]] in English-speaking territories.

The [[head of government]] is the President of the ''Collectivité'', currently [[Bernard Briand]]. He heads the executive of the ''Collectivité'' and manages local affairs falling within the scope of the archipelago's autonomy (local taxation, customs, natural resources, ship registration, etc.). The ''Collectivité'' therefore has its own executive, distinct from the State services represented by the Prefect. The local government sits at the Territorial Office (''Hôtel du Territoire''). 

The executive is made up of a [[Cabinet (government)|government]], known as the "''Conseil exécutif''" (in English: the "Executive Council"), and six members known as vice-presidents, including the President. Like a [[Minister (government)|minister]], each member of the cabinet has a delegation.<ref name=":0" />

==== Current executive office holders ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+Main office-holders
!Office
!Name
!Party
!Since
|-
|[[President of France]]
|[[Emmanuel Macron]]
|''[[Renaissance (French political party)|Renaissance]]''
|14 May 2017
|-
|[[Prefect]]
|Bruno André
|
|21 August 2023
|}

==== Current cabinet (''Conseil exécutif'') ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Portfolio<ref>{{Cite web |last=Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon |title=Vos 19 élus territoriaux |url=https://www.spm-ct975.fr/la-collectivite-territoriale/vos-19-elus-territoriaux/ |access-date=4 October 2025 |website=spm-ct975.fr}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
!Member
!Took office
!Left office
!Party
|-
|'''President of the Collectivity'''
|[[Bernard Briand]]
|1 April 2022
|Incumbent
|[[Archipelago Tomorrow|AD]]
|-
|1st Vice-President for Attractiveness
|Yannick Abraham
|1 April 2022
|Incumbent
|[[Archipelago Tomorrow|AD]]
|-
|2nd Vice-President for Solidarity
|Jacqueline André
|1 April 2022
|Incumbent
|[[Archipelago Tomorrow|AD]]
|-
|3rd Vice-President
|Yannis Coste
|1 April 2022
|Incumbent
|[[Archipelago Tomorrow|AD]]
|-
|4th Vice-President for the Environment
|Claude Lemoine
|1 April 2022
|Incumbent
|[[Archipelago Tomorrow|AD]]
|-
|5th Vice-President for Youth Affairs
|Naomi Haran
|1 April 2022
|Incumbent
|[[Archipelago Tomorrow|AD]]
|}{{Politics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon}}

=== Legislative power ===
The [[Territorial Council of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon]] ({{langx|fr|Conseil territorial de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon}}), which was known until February 22, 2007, as the General Council (''Conseil général''), has 19 members, elected for a three-year term in single seat constituencies. The council sits at the Territorial Office (''Hôtel du Territoire''), a two-storey, two tone aqua colour building on St. Pierre.

=== Judicial power ===
The judiciary of the territory consists of the '''Superior Tribunal of Appeals''' ('''Tribunal Supérieur d'Appel''').

The court resides at the '''Palais de Justice''' or '''Courthouse''' and are located at Church Square in St. Pierre.

==Municipal Governments==
There are two [[Communes of France|communes]]: '''[[Miquelon-Langlade]]''' and '''[[Saint-Pierre, Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Saint-Pierre]]'''.

For more, see: [[Municipal governments in St. Pierre and Miquelon]]

==Departments (''État'' and ''Collectivité'')==
Saint Pierre and Miquelon has several departments, some of which are the exclusive responsibility of the French Government (l'<nowiki/>''État''), others of the ''Collectivité''. Some departments are joint services of the [[Government of France|French Government]] (l'''État'') and the ''[[Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Collectivité]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Rapport d'observations définitives et sa réponse Collectivité territoriale de Saint Pierre et Miquelon |url=https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/2023-10/IDR2020-34.pdf |access-date=25 April 2025 |website=Chambre territoriale des comptes}}</ref>

=== Under the authority of the ''Collectivité'' ===

* '''Environment and Quality of Life''': under the authority of the ''[[Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Collectivité]]'' ;
** '''Agriculture, Rural and Natural Areas Unit''', or ''CAERN'' ;
** '''Territorial Veterinary Clinic''' ;
* '''Territorial Development''': under the authority of the ''[[Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Collectivité]]'' ;
* '''Economy, Taxation and Innovation''' ;
** '''Tax Department''', or '''''DSF''''' (''Direction des Services Fiscaux''): under the authority of the ''[[Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Collectivité]]'' ;
* '''Transport and Mobility''': under the authority of the ''[[Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Collectivité]]'' ;
** [[SPM Ferries]] ;
* '''Youth and Solidarity''': under the authority of the ''[[Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Collectivité]]'' ;
** '''Territorial Centre for the Disabled''', or MTA ;
** '''Solidarity initiatives, Children and Families''' ;

=== Under mixed authority ===

* '''Territories, Food and Sea''' '''Department''', or '''''DTAM''''': under the authority of the [[Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|''Préfet'']], made available to the ''[[Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Collectivité]]'' ;
** '''Maritime Affairs''' ;
** '''Energy, Risks, Planning and Foresight''' ;
** '''Agriculture, Food, Water and Biodiversity''' (formerly ''Direction de l'Agriculture et de la Foret'') ;
** '''Roads, Constructions and Buildings''' (formerly ''Direction de l'Equipement'') ;
* '''Public Finance Department''', under the authority of the [[Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|''Préfet'']], but it collects tax on behalf of the communes and the ''[[Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Collectivité]]'' ;
* '''Customs Department''': under the authority of the ''[[Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Préfet]]'' and local code voted by the ''[[Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Collectivité]]'' ;

=== Under the authority of the ''Préfet'' (French Government representative) ===
* '''Social''' '''cohesion, Labour, Employment and Population Department''', or '''''DCSTEP''''': under the authority of the ''[[Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Préfet]]'' ;
** '''Social cohesion, Youth, Sport and Community life''' (formerly ''Direction Territoriale'' ''de la Jeunesse et des Sports, DTJS'' and ''Direction des Affaires Sanitaires et Sociales, DASS'') ;
** '''Competition, Consumer affairs and Fraud control''' (formerly ''Direction de la Concurrence, de la Consommation et de la Répression des Fraudes, DCCRF'') ;
** '''Business, Economy and Employment''' ;
* '''Territorial Health Administration''', or '''''ATS''''': under the authority of the ''[[Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Préfet]]'' (formerly ''Direction des Affaires Sanitaires et Sociales, DASS'') local unit of the [[French Ministry of Health]] ;
* '''National Education Service''', or SEN: under the authority of the ''[[Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Préfet]]'', local unit of the [[French Ministry of National Education]] ;
* '''Command of the ''Gendarmerie Nationale''''': under the authority of the ''[[Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Préfet]],'' local unit of the [[Ministry of Armed Forces (France)|French Ministry of the Armed Forces]] ;
* '''French Navy Unit - ''Fulmar'' patrol vessel''', local unit of the [[French Navy]] ;
* '''Civil Aviation Service''', local branch of the [[Directorate General for Civil Aviation (France)|Directorate General for Civil Aviation]] (DGAC) ;
* '''Border Control Police''', a specialised service and local unit of the [[French National Police]].

==Political parties and elections==
{{elect|List of political parties in Saint-Pierre and Miquelon|Elections in Saint-Pierre and Miquelon}}

==Boundary dispute==
[[File:Saint-Pierre and Miquelon EEZ map-en.svg|thumb|The boundaries of the 1992 [[Exclusive Economic Zone|EEZ]] resolution between Canada and France]]
{{See also|Canada–France Maritime Boundary Case}}

In 1992, a [[maritime boundary]] dispute with Canada over the delineation of the [[Exclusive Economic Zone]] belonging to France was settled by the [[International Court of Arbitration]].  In the decision, France kept the 12 [[nautical mile]] (NM) (22.2&nbsp;km) territorial sea surrounding the islands and was given an additional 12 NM (22.2&nbsp;km) contiguous zone as well as a 10.5 NM (19.4&nbsp;km) wide corridor stretching 200 NM (370&nbsp;km) south.  The total area in the award was 18% of what France had requested.

The boundary dispute had been a flash point for [[Franco-Canadian relations]]. New claims made under [[UNCLOS]] by France over the continental shelf might cause new tensions between France and Canada.

==International organization participation==
[[Franc Zone]], [[World Federation of Trade Unions]]

==External links==
* [https://www.spm-ct975.fr/ Official website of the local government of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (''Collectivité'')]
* [http://www.saint-pierre-et-miquelon.pref.gouv.fr/ Official website of the French Government representation in Saint Pierre and Miquelon] [http://www.saint-pierre-et-miquelon.pref.gouv.fr/ ''(Préfecture)''] {{in lang|fr}}
*[http://www.spm-tourisme.fr/ Saint-Pierre & Miquelon Tourism]
*[http://www.grandcolombier.com/ Saint-Pierre & Miquelon Community website, includes political discussions]
*[http://www.st-pierre-et-miquelon.org/ Saint-Pierre & Miquelon Continental Plate  - "Defend Saint-Pierre & Miquelon"]

===Political parties===
*[http://www.archipeldemain.fr/ Archipel demain]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20041211180552/http://www.capsurlavenir-expression.net/ Cap sur l'avenir]}}

==References==
<references />

{{Politics of French regions}}
{{Americas topic|Politics of}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Politics Of Saint Pierre And Miquelon}}
[[Category:Politics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon| ]]