View source for Pontoise

{{short description|Subprefecture and commune in Île-de-France, France}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name               = Pontoise
|commune status     = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]] and [[Communes of France|commune]]
|image              = Pontoise (95), cathédrale Saint-Maclou, vue depuis le jardin des Cinq Sens (promontoire du château).jpg
|caption            = A view of the cathedral of Saint-Maclou, from the Garden of Five Senses, on the promontory of the castle
|image coat of arms = Blason de Pontoise.svg
|map size           = 270px
|adjustable map     = Pontoise_map.png
|map caption        = Location (in red) within Paris inner and outer suburbs
|arrondissement     = Pontoise
|canton             = Pontoise
|INSEE              = 95500
|postal code        = 00000
|mayor              = Stéphanie Von Euw<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=13 September 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
|term               = 2020&ndash;2026
|intercommunality   = [[Cergy-Pontoise]]
|coordinates        = {{coord|49.0516|02.1017|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m        = 27
|elevation min m    = 22
|elevation max m    = 87
|area km2           = 7.15
|population         = 32,405
|population date    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}

'''Pontoise''' ({{IPA|fr|pɔ̃twaz|-|Fr-Paris--Pontoise.ogg}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] north of [[Paris]], [[France]]. It is located {{convert|28.4|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the [[Kilometre Zero#France|centre of Paris]], in the "[[new town#France|new town]]" of [[Cergy-Pontoise]].

==Administration==
Pontoise is the official {{Lang|fr|[[préfecture]]}} (capital) of the [[Val-d'Oise]] ''[[département in France|département]]'', although the ''préfecture'' building and administration, as well as the department council (''conseil général''), are located in the neighboring commune of [[Cergy]].

Pontoise is also the seat of the [[Arrondissement of Pontoise]]. The ''[[Subprefectures in France|sous-préfecture]]'' building and administration, unlike the ''préfecture'', are located inside the commune of Pontoise.

=== Sister cities ===
The city of Pontoise has three sister city relationships with:
* [[Böblingen]], Germany since 1956
* [[Sevenoaks]], United Kingdom since 1964
* [[Geleen]], Netherlands since 1962

== Security ==
Known for being a violent city in the late 20th century, with a criminal rate of 137.62 incidents per 1000 inhabitants, Cergy-Pontoise has enjoyed a significant decrease in violence in the first decade of the 21st century. By 2008, the rate had declined to 99.87, although this is still considered high.<ref>[http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2008/06/24/01016-20080624ARTFIG00263-le-palmares-de-la-violence-ville-par-ville.php ''Le palmarès de la violence, ville par ville''], from ''[[Le Figaro]]''</ref> That rate has continued to decline in the second decade.

==History==
[[File:Hôtel Ville Pontoise 1.jpg|thumb|The [[Hôtel de Ville, Pontoise|Hôtel de Ville]]]]
Pontoise is the historical capital of the [[Vexin]] français. Its foundation dates from [[Roman Empire|Roman]] times (''Pontisara''). At that time, the rock peak overhanging the river [[Oise River|Oise]] supported the defense of the fort which was on the [[Roman road]], the [[Chaussée Jules César]], between ''[[Lutetia]]'' ([[Paris]]) and ''Rotomagus'' ([[Rouen]]). The road still exists and is now part of the [[N14 nationale|N14]] from Paris to Rouen. It is also known to many people as the birthplace of the alchemist Nicholas Flamel.
With an over 2,000 year legacy, Pontoise still has vestiges of the past, such as medieval lanes, convents, churches and museums, and was awarded the "City of Art and History Label" in 2006. The impressionist painter Camille Pissarro made it famous through many paintings which are present nowadays in the most famous art galleries in the world.

The [[Hôtel de Ville, Pontoise|Hôtel de Ville]] was completed in around 1860.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_1nAAAAMAAJ|first1=Bernard|last1= Poirier|first2= M. |last2=Duvivier|first3= Bruno|last3= Sternberger|title=Le patrimoine des communes du Val-d'Oise: Pontoise, Collection Le Patrimoine des Communes de France|location= Paris|publisher= Flohic Éditions|volume=2 |year= 1999|pages=709–739|isbn=978-2842340568}}</ref>

==Climate==
Pontoise has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfb''). The average annual temperature in Pontoise is {{cvt|12.5|C}}. The average annual rainfall is {{cvt|666.7|mm}} with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around {{cvt|20.5|C}}, and lowest in January, at around {{cvt|5.3|C}}. The highest temperature ever recorded in Pontoise was {{cvt|40.0|C}} on 1 July 2015; the coldest temperature ever recorded was {{cvt|-12.5|C}} on 1 January 1997.

{{Weather box
|width=auto
|collapsed=y
|location = Pontoise (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1990−2020)
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|Jan record high C = 16.7
|Feb record high C = 21.5
|Mar record high C = 25.8
|Apr record high C = 29.8
|May record high C = 32.9
|Jun record high C = 39.7
|Jul record high C = 40.0
|Aug record high C = 40.0
|Sep record high C = 36.0
|Oct record high C = 31.1
|Nov record high C = 22.0
|Dec record high C = 17.5
|Jan record low C = -12.5
|Feb record low C = -12.3
|Mar record low C = -8.1
|Apr record low C = -2.4
|May record low C = -0.5
|Jun record low C = 1.8
|Jul record low C = 6.0
|Aug record low C = 5.6
|Sep record low C = 0.0
|Oct record low C = -3.6
|Nov record low C = -10.0
|Dec record low C = -10.4
|Jan high C = 7.8
|Feb high C = 9.1
|Mar high C = 13.1
|Apr high C = 16.9
|May high C = 20.5
|Jun high C = 23.8
|Jul high C = 26.1
|Aug high C = 26.2
|Sep high C = 22.2
|Oct high C = 17.0
|Nov high C = 11.5
|Dec high C = 8.2
|year high C = 16.9
|Jan mean C = 5.3
|Feb mean C = 5.8
|Mar mean C = 8.8
|Apr mean C = 11.7
|May mean C = 15.2
|Jun mean C = 18.4
|Jul mean C = 20.5
|Aug mean C = 20.4
|Sep mean C = 16.9
|Oct mean C = 13.0
|Nov mean C = 8.5
|Dec mean C = 5.7
|year mean C = 12.5
|Jan low C = 2.7
|Feb low C = 2.6
|Mar low C = 4.5
|Apr low C = 6.4
|May low C = 9.8
|Jun low C = 13.0
|Jul low C = 14.9
|Aug low C = 14.7
|Sep low C = 11.7
|Oct low C = 9.1
|Nov low C = 5.6
|Dec low C = 3.3
|year low C = 8.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 57.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 52.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 49.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 45.4
|May precipitation mm = 62.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 53.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 49.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 52.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 46.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 63.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 59.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 75.1
|year precipitation mm = 666.7
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 10.6
|Feb precipitation days = 10.2
|Mar precipitation days = 9.5
|Apr precipitation days = 8.8
|May precipitation days = 9.2
|Jun precipitation days = 8.8
|Jul precipitation days = 7.4
|Aug precipitation days = 8.2
|Sep precipitation days = 7.9
|Oct precipitation days = 10.4
|Nov precipitation days = 11.1
|Dec precipitation days = 12.4
|year precipitation days = 114.6
|source 1 = [[Météo-France]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_95500003.pdf
| title=Fiche Climatologique Statistiques 1991-2020 et records
| language = fr
| publisher = [[Météo-France]]
| access-date = August 30, 2022}}</ref>}}

==Demographics==

{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|27588|Pontoise}}</ref> and INSEE (1968-2017)<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-95500#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |4891
|1800 |5174
|1806 |5161
|1821 |5339
|1831 |5458
|1836 |5408
|1841 |5419
|1846 |5488
|1851 |5637
|1856 |5609
|1861 |6065
|1866 |6287
|1872 |6480
|1876 |6412
|1881 |6675
|1886 |7192
|1891 |7422
|1896 |7992
|1901 |8180
|1906 |8492
|1911 |9023
|1921 |9915
|1926 |10719
|1931 |11709
|1936 |12183
|1946 |11009
|1954 |14139
|1962 |15232
|1968 |16817
|1975 |26014
|1982 |26780
|1990 |27150
|1999 |27494
|2007 |29148
|2012 |30164
|2017 |30767
}}

===Immigration===
{{France immigration
|collectivity_name=Pontoise
|census_year=1999
|metropolitan_France=68.2
|outside_metropolitan_France=31.8
|overseas_France=4.8
|foreign_French=3.4
|EU-15=1.9
|non-EU-15=21.7
}}

==Transport==
[[File:Pont sur l'Oise.JPG|thumb|right|The railway bridge between Pontoise and Saint-Ouen-l'Aumone|150px]]
Pontoise is served by [[Gare de Pontoise|Pontoise]] station, a terminus on Paris [[RER C|RER line C]] and an intermediate terminus for suburban trains originating from [[Gare Saint-Lazare]] as well as a terminus for suburban trains from [[Gare du Nord]]. Some trains originating at [[Gare Saint-Lazare]] continue onto [[Gisors]]. For bus services, Stivo (formerly Services des Transports de l'Agglomération Nouvelle) operates within the [[new town]] of [[Cergy-Pontoise]], and in and around Pontoise, with [[transport interchange]]s situated Place Charles de Gaulle and Parking Canrobert.

[[Pontoise – Cormeilles Aerodrome]] is the area airport.

==Education==
Public preschool through elementary schools include:<ref name=Schoollist>"[https://www.ville-pontoise.fr/menu-principal/services-municipaux/direction-education-et-petite-enfance/ecoles Les établissements scolaires]." Pontoise. Retrieved on6 September 2016.</ref>
*Seven preschools ('''maternelles''): des Cordeliers, Eugène-Ducher, de l'Hermitage, Laris, Ludovic-Piette, Jean-Moulin, Parc-aux-Charettes
*Two primary schools: École primaire Gustave-Loiseau and École primaire des Maradas
*Seven elementary schools (''élémentaires''): Paul-Cézanne, Eugène-Ducher, de l'Hermitage, des Larris, Jean-Moulin, Ludovic-Piette, Parc-aux-Charrettes

Public senior high schools/sixth-form colleges:
*[[Lycée Camille Pissarro Pontoise]]<ref>[http://www.lyc-pissarro-pontoise.ac-versailles.fr/?lang=fr Home]. [[Lycée Camille Pissarro Pontoise]]. Retrieved 6 September 2016.</ref>
*[[Lycée Alfred Kastler de Cergy-Pontoise]], in Pontoise, also serves [[Cergy]]<ref name=CergySchools>"[http://www.ville-cergy.fr/enfance-education/etablissements-scolaires/colleges-et-lycees/ Collèges et lycées]." [[Cergy]]. Retrieved 6 September 2016. "Lycée polyvalent A. Kastler[...]26 avenue de la Palette, sur la commune de Pontoise "</ref><ref>[http://www.lyc-kastler-cergy.ac-versailles.fr/ Home]. [[Lycée Alfred Kastler de Cergy-Pontoise]]. Retrieved 6 September 2016.</ref>

There are also six private schools: [[École Saint-Martin-de-France]] (up to senior high school), École "Ella", École Saint-Louis, [[Établissement Vauban]], [[Etablissement Notre-Dame-de-la-Compassion|Notre-Dame-de-la-Compassion]]<!--http://www.ndcompassion.fr/--> (junior and senior high school)<ref name=Schoollist/>

==Culture==
[[File:Camille Pissarro Jalais Hill, Pontoise The Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|thumb|Camille Pissarro Jalais Hill, Pontoise]]
Pontoise is one of the capitals of the [[impressionism|impressionist]] movement. Many painters took as a starting point the city and its area for the creation of landscapes. [[Camille Pissarro]] lived there for seventeen years. Other artists lived or worked in the area such as [[Vincent van Gogh]] ([[Auvers-sur-Oise]]), [[Paul Cézanne]], [[Paul Gauguin]], [[Charles-François Daubigny]], [[Gustave Caillebotte]], [[Gustave Loiseau]], etc.
[[Image:Cathédrale St Maclou - Pontoise 03-03-06.jpg|thumb|150px|Cathédrale Saint Maclou]]

==Main sights==
*[[Cathédrale Saint-Maclou de Pontoise]]. It was built in the 12th century and reconstructed and enlarged in the 15th and 16th centuries. The tower, as well as the central portal, is in [[flamboyant]] style. The central body is flanked by [[Renaissance]] additions. The remaining 12th century part of the cathedral is to the back. To the North of the building is a [[Renaissance]] portal.
*[[Musée de Pontoise]] (Musée Tavet-Delacour). The museum houses sculptures from the [[Middle Ages]], manuscripts from the seventeenth century and paintings from the twentieth century
*[[Musée Pissarro]] ([[Impressionism|Impressionist]] collections) and garden of the five senses. The Museum is situated in a [[Bourgeoisie|bourgeois]] house at the entrance of the old castle.

==Parks and recreation==
Parks:<ref>"[https://www.ville-pontoise.fr/vie-pratique/parcs-jardins Les parcs & jardins]." Pontoise. Retrieved 6 September 2016.</ref>
*Le Jardin de la Ville
*Le Parc des Larris
*Le jardin partagé de Marcouville
*Le Jardin des Cinq Sens
*Le Parc du Château de Marcouville
*Les jardins et la terrasse basse du Dôme
*Le Jardin des Lavandières
*Plaines de jeux

==Notable people==
* Rabbi [[Moses ben Abraham of Pontoise]], 12th-century disciple of [[Rabbeinu Tam]] and mentioned in several [[Tosafot]].
* [[Sébastien Carole]] (b. 1982), footballer
* [[Yarouba Cissako]], footballer
* [[Koumba Cisse]], handball player
* [[Moussa Dembélé (French footballer)|Moussa Dembélé]], footballer
* [[Nicolas Flamel]] (c. 1340-1418), reputed alchemist, probably born here
* [[Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine|Pierre Fontaine]] (1762-1853), French neoclassical architect
* [[Amine Harit]], Moroccan footballer
* [[Jérémy Labor]] (b. 1992), footballer
* [[Christophe Lebon]] (b. 1982), swimmer
* [[Luc Loubaki]], basketball player
* [[Marie of the Incarnation (Carmelite)|Blessed Marie de l'Incarnation (1566-1618)]], foundress of the Reformed Carmelites in France.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carmel.asso.fr/Pontoise.html|title=Pontoise|author=Patricia|publisher=Carmel.asso.fr|access-date=9 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.patrimoine-histoire.fr/Patrimoine/Pontoise/Pontoise-Carmel.htm|title=Pontoise, la chapelle du Carmel|publisher=Patrimoine-historie.fr|access-date=9 January 2015}}</ref>
* [[Édouard-Alfred Martel]] (1859-1938), Father of modern speleology
* [[Guiday Mendy]] (b. 1986), basketball player
* [[Aly Ndom]], footballer
* [[Camille Pissarro]], painter
* [[Yoann Rapinier]], athlete
* [[Yacine Qasmi]], Moroccan footballer
* [[Liza del Sierra]], pornographic actress.
* [[Raymond Turpin]] (1895–1988), paediatrician who identified [[trisomy-21]]
* [[Jacques Vallée]], author, ufologist and former astronomer
* [[Jean-Éric Vergne]], former Formula One driver currently competing in Formula E
* St [[William of Pontoise]], hermit

==See also==
*[[Communes of the Val-d'Oise department]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Pontoise}}
*[http://www.ville-pontoise.fr/ Pontoise official website]
*[http://www.tourisme.fr/pontoise/ Tourism in Pontoise]
{{Cergy-Pontoise}}
{{Préfectures of départements of France}}
{{Paris Metropolitan Area}}
{{Val-d'Oise communes}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Communes of Val-d'Oise]]
[[Category:Subprefectures in France]]
[[Category:Cergy-Pontoise]]
[[Category:Val-d'Oise communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia]]