View source for Porsche 928

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{{fan POV|date= April 2023}}
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{{Infobox automobile
| image = 1991 Porsche 928 S4 LC24.jpg
| caption = 1991 Porsche 928 S4
| name = Porsche 928
| manufacturer = [[Porsche AG]]
| aka =
| production = May 1977&ndash;1995<br />61,056 produced
| assembly = Germany: [[Zuffenhausen]] 
| predecessor =
| successor = 
| class = [[Grand tourer]] ([[S-segment|S]])
| body_style = 2-door [[2+2 (car body style)|2+2]] [[Hatchback#Europe|hatchback]]/[[fastback]] [[coupé]]
| layout = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]]
| platform =
| engine = {{ubl
|4.5 L ''[[Porsche V8 engine|M28/01&ndash;M28/18]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]]
|4.7 L ''M28/19&ndash;M28/22'' V8
|5.0 L ''M28/41&ndash;M28/47'' V8
|5.4 L ''M28/49&ndash;M28/50'' V8
|'''Note:''' Dashes indicate continued serial numbers. The engines had significant changes so they were given different engine codes while having the same displacement before larger displacement engines were subsequently introduced.
}}
| transmission = {{ubl
|5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]
|3-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]
|4-speed automatic
}}
| length = {{ubl
|{{convert|4520|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
|1988–1995: {{convert|4524|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
}}
| width = {{ubl
|1987–1992: {{convert|1837|mm|in|1|abbr=on|}}
|1993–1995: {{convert|1890|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
}}
| height = {{ubl
|Pre-1989: {{convert|1275|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
|1990–1995: {{convert|1282|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
}}
| weight = {{convert|1450-1620|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} (approx.)
| wheelbase = {{ubl
|{{convert|2500|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
}}
| related =
| designer = {{ubl
|Wolfgang Möbius
|[[Anatole Lapine]]
}}
}}
[[File:1987 Porsche 928 S4 rear.jpg|thumb|right|Porsche 928 S4 (rear view)]]

The '''Porsche 928''' is a [[grand touring car]] which was manufactured and marketed by [[Porsche AG]] of Germany from 1977 to 1995 across a single generation with an intermediate [[Facelift (automotive)|facelift]]. It is a [[2+2 (car body style)|2+2 coupé]] with a rear [[hatchback]]. The 928 has a [[water-cooled engine]] which is [[front-engine design|mounted in the front]] and [[rear-wheel drive|drives the rear wheels]]. It was Porsche's first production car with a [[V8 engine]].

Initially conceived to address changes in the automotive market, it represented Porsche's first fully in-house design for a production vehicle and was intended to potentially replace the [[Porsche 911]] as the company's flagship model.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 15, 2020 |title=The 1978-95 Porsche 928 is no longer a black sheep |url=https://www.hagerty.com/media/car-profiles/the-1978-95-porsche-928-no-longer-black-sheep/ |access-date=October 4, 2023 |website=www.hagerty.com}}</ref> The 928 aimed to blend the performance and handling characteristics of a [[sports car]] with the comfort, spaciousness, and ride quality of a [[luxury car]].<ref>{{cite web |date=August 29, 2022 |title=Used car buying guide: Porsche 928 |url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/used-cars-used-car-buying-guides/used-car-buying-guide-porsche-928 |access-date=September 27, 2023 |website=www.Autocar.co.uk}}</ref> Porsche executives believed that the 928 would have broader appeal compared to the compact, somewhat outdated, and slow-selling [[air-cooled engine|air-cooled]] 911.<ref>{{cite web |date=June 23, 2016 |title=This is why the Porsche 928 died |url=https://www.hagerty.com/media/car-profiles/porsche-928/ |access-date=September 27, 2023 |website=www.hagerty.com}}</ref>

It achieved high top speeds,<ref>cite web |url=https://www.porscheengineering.com/nardo/en/thecompany/history/ |website=www.porscheengineering.com |title=History Records & Tests |access-date=September 29, 2023 |quote= On 07th November 1982, the Porsche 928 S set the 24 hour record. At the time the revolutionary Porsche car with front engine and manual rear axle gearbox covered the 6033km at an average speed of 251.4 km/h</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Holbert 928 History - The Land Speed Record |url=https://perfexmfg.com/holbert-928-history/ |access-date=September 27, 2023 |website=www.perfexmfg.com |quote=After these successful tests on April 5 and 6, 1986, the 928S4 was fitted with its higher rear axle ratio, which was aimed at matching peak power with peak speed. At Nardo the engine had been bumping up against its controlled limit of 6,500 rpm. By the end of April the car was ready for shipping to the United States, where Walter Naher supervised the runs. Al Holbert took the wheel at Bonneville in August, when the salt was at its best. On August 7 he was officially timed by USAC, under the auspices of the FIA, at an average of 171.110 mph for the flying mile and 171.926 mph for the kilometer. It was official; Porsche could declare the 928S4 the world’s fastest catalyst-equipped car.}}</ref> and earned recognition upon its 1978 release by winning the [[European Car of the Year]] award.<ref>{{cite web |title=Porsche 928 |url=https://www.caroftheyear.org/winners/1978/index.php#:~:text=Porsche%20928261%20points&text=The%20obsolete%20points%20of%20the,smooth%2C%20torquey%20and%20fuel%20efficient. |access-date=September 29, 2023 |website=www.caroftheyear.org}}</ref>

==Conception==
[[File:Gold 1978 Porsche 928 (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Early Porsche 928]]
In the late 1960s, Porsche had solidified its reputation as a manufacturer of high-performance [[Sports car|sports cars.]] Amidst the [[1970s Oil Crisis|1970s oil crisis]], there were discussions among executives regarding the potential addition of a more fuel-efficient luxury touring car to the company's lineup. Managing director Ernst Fuhrmann advocated for the development of this new model, expressing concerns about the [[Porsche 911|911]], Porsche's flagship model at the time, nearing its performance limits. Fuhrmann believed that expanding into [[Grand tourer|grand touring]] cars with conventional engines could be essential for the company's future, contrasting with the unconventional sports cars like the 911. The declining sales of the 911 in the mid-1970s suggested a possible downturn in its market appeal. Fuhrmann envisioned the new range-topping grand tourer as a blend of sports coupé and [[luxury sedan]], distinguishing it from the 911 with its more utilitarian interior and pure sports car performance. In the view to please the very important USA market, it switched to front-engined, V8 power and a more spacious interior that included two real child seats (rather than the dog seats in the 911).<ref name="Porsche 928">{{Cite web |title=Porsche 928 |url=https://www.autozine.org/Archive/Porsche/classic/928.html |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=www.autozine.org}}</ref> The goal was to create a model that could compete with offerings from [[Mercedes-Benz]] and [[BMW]] while also appealing to the American market, which was Porsche's primary market at the time.

Ordered by Ferdinand Porsche to develop a production-feasible concept for the new model, Fuhrmann commenced a design study in 1971, resulting in the creation of the 928. This model marked Porsche's first clean-sheet design for its own model. Previous Porsche models had been iterations or collaborations: the [[Porsche 356|356]] bore similarities to the Volkswagen Beetle, the 911 evolved from the 356, the [[Porsche 914|914]] was a joint venture aimed at replacing the Volkswagen Karmann Ghia and [[Porsche 912|912]], and the 924 stemmed from a discontinued [[Volkswagen]] and [[Audi]] project.

Various drivetrain layouts were considered during early development, including [[rear engine|rear-]] and [[mid-engine design|mid-engine]] configurations, but many were dismissed due to technical and regulatory challenges. Issues with emissions and noise control, similar to those experienced with the 911, arose from cramming the engine, transmission, [[catalytic converter]](s), and exhaust into a small rear engine bay. After determining that the mid-engine layout lacked sufficient space in the passenger compartment, Porsche opted for a [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|front-engine, rear-wheel drive]] configuration.

Porsche engineers sought a large-displacement engine for the 928, and prototype units were initially equipped with a 5-liter [[V8 engine]] producing 300 PS (220&nbsp;kW; 300&nbsp;hp). There were discussions about utilizing a 4.6-liter 90-degree V10 engine with 88&nbsp;mm bore spacing, which was a derivative of the Audi 5-cylinder engine (also used in the Lamborghini Gallardo) and based on the Volkswagen EA827 unit. However, this proposal faced objections from the Porsche board due to concerns that it might lead to rumors of a new 911 model with a front-mounted Volkswagen-based engine. Additionally, it is speculated that the board aimed to maintain some separation from the Volkswagen Group.

The resulting all-alloy [[Porsche V8 engine|M28]] engine incorporated several distinctive features. Its bore spacing was 122&nbsp;mm, indicating the use of thick, all-aluminum cylinder barrels without steel liners. The water jackets were notably large, hinting at the engine's potential for racing applications. To maintain a low hood line, the engine prioritized airflow, resulting in the placement of spark plugs at the top of the head. The four-bolt bearings were substantial and received oil via grooves in the block's bottom surface. They were supported by a large one-piece structure forming a lower block, with the cast aluminum oil pan bolted onto this component.

The oil and water pumps were driven by a timing belt. In 1985, DOHC engines introduced a hybrid timing system where the timing belt operated only the exhaust camshafts, while the intake camshafts were driven via an internally-mounted simplex [[roller chain]] from the exhaust camshaft. This approach simplified the timing belt layout, requiring fewer components and leading to easier and less costly maintenance. This timing system was later adopted by [[Porsche 944]] and also by Audi and Volkswagen in their belt-driven DOHC engines.

The first two running prototypes of Porsche's M28 V8 initially utilized a single four-barrel [[carburetor]] for initial testing. However, the production cars ultimately employed the planned [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] K-Jetronic [[fuel injection]] system. As concerns over fuel prices and availability during the 1970s oil crisis grew within the company, discussions emerged regarding the feasibility of smaller engines to improve [[Fuel economy in automobiles|fuel economy]]. There was a proposal for the development of a 3.3 L 182 PS (134&nbsp;kW; 180&nbsp;hp) powerplant, suggested by Fuhrmann, but this was met with resistance from company engineers. Eventually, both sides reached a consensus on a 4.5 L, SOHC per bank 16-valve V8 engine producing 240 PS (180&nbsp;kW; 240&nbsp;hp) (219&nbsp;hp (163&nbsp;kW) in North America). This engine was considered to strike an acceptable balance between performance and fuel efficiency.

By 1973, essential development was finished and a prototype was built and under testing. At this moment, Arab-Israeli war broke out and brought the threat of energy crisis. Sales of large and thirsty cars plunged. It was a big hit to both 928 and Porsche. The project was put into low gear and production postponed until 1977.<ref name="Porsche 928"/>

The finished car made its debut at the [[Geneva Motor Show#1977|1977 Geneva Motor Show]] and was subsequently released for sale later that year as a 1978 model. Despite earning early acclaim for its comfort, power, and futuristic design, sales were initially sluggish. The base prices of the 928 were considerably higher than the previous range-topping 911 model, and the shift to a front-engined, water-cooled design unsettled some traditional Porsche enthusiasts.

Following the departure of Fuhrmann, Peter Schutz, his successor, opted to continue selling both models concurrently, believing that the 911 still had a place in the company's lineup.<ref>{{cite web |last=Brandt |first=Eric |date=31 October 2017 |title=Peter Schutz, the Man Who Saved the Porsche 911, Has Passed Away at 87 |url=https://www.thedrive.com/flat-six-society/15623/peter-schutz-the-man-who-saved-the-porsche-911-has-passed-away-at-87 |access-date=6 May 2019 |publisher=The Drive}}</ref> However, legislative restrictions against rear-engined vehicles never materialized. Although the 928 didn't achieve the sales targets envisioned by Fuhrmann, it garnered a devoted following and enjoyed an 18-year production run.{{clear}}

==Design and specifications==
[[File:Porsche 928 animated headlights.gif|thumb|right|Porsche 928 headlights]]
During its 18-year production run, the fundamentals of the 928's design remained the same, though the engine and styling underwent several changes, with a distinct ‘facelift’ separating the first generation and second generation cars.

The original 928 design was seen in both 1978 and 1979, with the body lacking both front and rear spoilers. From 1980 (1983 in North America) through 1986, front and rear spoilers were present on "S" and "S2" models, being integrated into the [[fastback]]. The first generation cars, which terminated in 1986 with the "S"/"S2" models, all featured a sharper, more angular front end with a distinct 'Shark Nose' profile. From 1987 the overall exterior design was revised and it was this shape that followed the 928 through to final production in 1995. The 1987 redesign integrated the front spoiler into the nose, smoothing out the overall nose profile to fit in with the tastes of contemporary car design & ditching the more angular, shark-nose wedge of the original cars. The rear spoiler became a separate wing rather than an integrated piece and side skirts were also added.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.porsche.com/international/accessoriesandservice/classic/models/928/#open-928 |website=www.porsche.com |title=Porsche 928 |access-date=September 28, 2023}}</ref> The rear tail-light configuration was also different from previous models, with more modern light covers that brought the rear light cluster away from the inset design of the original. GTS models featured flared rear wheel arches to give more room for wider 9-inch wide wheels. Another easily noticeable visual difference between versions is the style of the wheels. Early 928s had 15-inch or 16-inch "phone dial"-style wheels, while most 1980s 928s had 16-inch slotted "flat disc" wheels, with other wheels available as an option. CSs, SEs and 1989 GTs had 16-inch "Club Sport" wheels, later GTs had 16-inch "Design 90" style wheels which were also option on same period S4s (shared with the 944 as well), the GTS used two variations of the 17-inch "CUP" wheels.

The 928 featured a front-mounted and water-cooled [[V8 engine]] driving the [[rear wheel drive|rear wheels]]. Power was transmitted according to the transaxle principle.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Porsche 928 - Porsche Australia |url=https://www.porsche.com/australia/accessoriesandservice/classic/models/928/928/ |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=Porsche HOME - Porsche Australia |language=en-AU}}</ref> Originally [[Engine displacement|displacing]] 4.5&nbsp;L and featuring a [[single overhead camshaft]] design, it was rated at {{convert|240|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} in Europe, while smog equipment reduced the output to {{convert|222|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} for cars sold in the North American market.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://ateupwithmotor.com/model-histories/porsche-928/ |title=Porsche Before Its Time: The Porsche 928 |website=ateupwithmotor.com |date=April 18, 2009 |access-date=September 28, 2023}}</ref> The car would first see an increase in both displacement and output for the 1980 model year, with the introduction of the 4.7&nbsp;L 928 S. The original 16v engine would continue to be developed until its final iteration in the 1985 model year with the S/S2 model, which produced a {{convert|310|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} in European specification, thanks to higher compression, twin distributors with EZK ignition and Bosch LH-Jetronic fuel injection.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.stuttcars.com/1980-1986-porsche-928-s/ |website=www.stuttcars.com |title=928 S |date=27 April 2016 |access-date=September 28, 2023}}</ref> After 1986 the 16v engine was replaced by the Porsche 32v 5.0&nbsp;L V8, which Porsche used until the 928 ceased production in 1995.

In combination with the water-cooled V8 engine, Porsche utilised a [[transaxle]] in the 928 to help achieve 50/50 front/rear weight distribution. Performance of early cars were similar to the contemporary 911, despite being heavier. By the time the S/S2 specification was in production, the 928 was outperforming even the 911 Turbo in top speed tests.<ref>{{citation| title=Road & Track |date=September 5, 1984 |access-date=September 28, 2023 |url=https://porschecarshistory.com/porsche-930-vs-porsche-928s-vs-ruf-ctr-vs-jaguar-xjs-he-vs-bmw-m635csi-vs-aston-martin-vantage-vs-ferrari-512bb-road-track-mag-09-1984/}}</ref> Early cars came with either a five-speed [[Dog-leg gearbox|dog leg manual transmission]], or a 3 speed [[Mercedes-Benz]]-derived [[automatic transmission]]. A four-speed automatic transmission replaced the three-speed option from 1983 in North America and 1984 in other markets. Of cars produced in 1978 and 1979, the majority were fitted with the 5 speed manual gearbox while the optional 3 speed automatic was specified less regularly. Later model years number of automatic cars was larger. 1980-95 percentage of manual cars was 34%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rennlist.com/forums/928-forum/394457-master-vin-thread.html |title=Rennlist 928 Forum }}</ref> As so many 1978 and 1979 were with manual gearbox actual split can be 60% automatic and 40% manual.

The body, styled by Wolfgang Möbius under the guidance of [[Anatole Lapine]] used aluminium for the doors, front wing, front fenders, and bonnet to save weight, while the underlying chassis was made from galvanised steel. It had a substantial luggage area accessed via a large [[hatchback]]. Newly developed [[polyurethane]] elastic [[Bumper (automobile)|bumpers]] were integrated into the nose and tail and covered in body-coloured plastic; an advanced feature for the time that aided the car visually and reduced its [[Drag (physics)|drag]]. The distinctive pop-up headlamps, which remained visible in the wings even when they were retracted, completed the 928's shark-like appearance <ref name="youtube.com">{{cite episode |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RiaeymzXZ1I |title=Porsche 928 - Everything You Need To Know |series=Up To Speed |network=Donut |date=August 5, 2021 |access-date=September 28, 2023}}</ref> and were based on the units found on the [[Lamborghini Miura]].<ref name="p928">{{cite web|url=https://www.928.org.uk/85-the-legend-that-is-porsche-928.html|title=The Legend That is Porsche 928|date=15 May 2013|website=www.928.org.uk|access-date=8 May 2019}}</ref>

[[File:1978 Porsche 928.jpg|thumb|left|Interior from an early car with "Pasha" pattern seat trim]]The Porsche 928 was classified as a [[2+2 (car body style)|2+2]], featuring two small rear seats. Both rear seats were designed to fold down, providing additional space in the luggage area. Sun visors were available for both front and rear occupants. However, the rear seats were limited in size due to the transmission hump, resulting in minimal legroom. They were generally suitable for short trips or for accommodating children rather than adults.

One notable feature of the 928 was its innovative instrument cluster, which moved along with the adjustable steering wheel to ensure maximum visibility for the driver.

The 928 also incorporated the "[[Weissach Axle]]", a passive rear-wheel steering system aimed at enhancing stability while braking and during turns. The engine was distinguished by its unsleeved, silicon alloy engine block made of aluminum, contributing to reduced weight and durable cylinder bore.<ref name="p928" />

Porsche's design and development efforts were recognized when the 928 won the [[European Car of the Year]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rewind to 1978: Porsche 928 |url=https://www.evanshalshaw.com/news/rewind-1978-porsche-928/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117192200/http://www.quicks.co.uk/news/2013/rewind-1978-porsche-928/ |archive-date=17 January 2014 |access-date=2025-10-15 |website=Evans Halshaw |language=en}}</ref> award in 1978, surpassing competitors like the [[BMW 7 Series (E23)|BMW 7 Series]] and the [[Ford Granada (Europe)|Ford Granada]]. It remains the only [[sports car]] to have received this accolade.{{as of?|date= October 2025}}

==Later variants==
[[File:Porsche 928 GTS hl blue.jpg|thumb|right|Porsche 928 GTS]]
Porsche introduced a refreshed 928 S into the European market in the 1980 model year, although it was the summer of 1982 and [[model year|MY]] 1983 before the model reached North America. Externally, the S wore new front and rear [[Spoiler (aeronautics)|spoilers]] and sported wider wheels and tires than the older variant, but the main change for the 928 S was under the hood, where a revised 4.7 L engine was used. European versions debuted with {{convert|300|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}, and were upgraded to {{convert|310|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} for the 1984 model year. From 1984 to 1986, the S model was called S2 in United Kingdom. These cars used Bosch LH-Jetronic fuel injection system and purely electronic Bosch ignition, the same systems used on the later 32-valve cars. North American-spec 1983 and 1984 S models used among other differences, smaller valves, milder camshafts, smaller diameter intake manifolds, and additional pollution equipment in order to meet emissions regulations, and were limited to {{convert|234|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} as a result. Due to low-grade fuel, the 16-valve low compression S engine was made for the Australian market in the 1985 model year. It had a 9.3:1 compression ratio pistons as opposed to the normal 10.4:1 but used the same large intake, high lift cams, large valves, etc. of other S engines.

During the initial three years of its production, the faster European variant of the Porsche 928 was not available in the United States and Canada. To address this, Porsche introduced a "Competition Group" option for North American customers, offering them a package that mimicked the appearance of the S model. This package included front and rear spoilers, 16-inch flat disc wheels, sport seats, sport springs, and [[Bilstein Shock Absorbers]]. Customers had the flexibility to choose paint and interior colors just like with a standard 928. Only two cars were produced with this option in the late 1980 model year for the U.S. market. The package officially became available for the 1981 and 1982 model years but was discontinued in 1983 with the introduction of the S model in these markets. Over time, many cars have been modified by subsequent owners to include S model features, making original "Competition Group" cars difficult to identify without checking option codes.

In the 1982 model year, two special models were introduced for different markets. North America received 202 "Weissach Edition" cars, featuring champagne gold metallic paint, matching brushed gold flat disc wheels, two-tone leather interior, a production number plaque on the dashboard, and a three-piece Porsche luggage set. It's worth noting that these cars were believed not to be equipped with S spoilers, despite the availability of S spoilers in the U.S. during this period as part of the "Competition Group" option. The "Weissach Edition" option was also offered for the US market 911 for the 1980 model year and the 924 for the 1981 model year.

141 special "50th Jubilee" 928 S models were available outside the U.S. and Canada to celebrate the company's 50-year existence as a car manufacturer. This model is also sometimes referred to as the "Ferry Porsche Edition" because his signature was embroidered into the front seats. It featured meteor metallic paint and was fitted with flat disc wheels, wine red leather and special striped fabric seat centers. Similar 911 and 924 specials were also made for world markets.

Porsche updated the North American 928 S for 1985, replacing the 4.7 L SOHC engine with a new 5.0 L DOHC unit sporting four valves per cylinder and producing {{convert|288|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}. Seats were also updated to a new style, these cars are sometimes unofficially called S3 to distinguish them from 16-valve "S" models. European models kept a 4.7 L engine, which was somewhat more powerful as standard, though lower 9.3:1 compression 32-valve engine together with catalytic converters became an option in some European countries and Australia for 1986. In 1986, revised suspension settings, larger brakes with 4-piston callipers, and a modified exhaust system was available on the 928S, marking the final changes to old body style cars. These were straight from the 928S4, which was to debut a few months later. These changes came starting from VIN 1001, which means that the first thousand 1986 cars had the old brakes, but later cars had this equipment available. This later 1986 model is sometimes referred to as a 1986{{frac|1|2}} or 1986.5 because of these changes. The name is a little misleading as more than 3/4 of the 1986 production had these updates.

The 928 S4 variant debuted in the second half of 1986 as a 1987 model, an updated version of the 5.0 L V8 for all markets producing {{convert|320|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}, sporting a new single-disc [[clutch]] in [[manual transmission]] cars, a larger torque converter in automatic transmission cars and fairly significant styling updates which gave the car a cleaner, sleeker look. The 928 S4 had a rounded front end with air intakes. The rear had a slope between the wide, flush-fitting rear lights and a Black rear spoiler standing up from the body.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Model Overview 928 {{!}} Porsche Classic |url=https://www.porsche.com/international/accessoriesandservice/classic/models/928/ |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=Porsche.com |language=en}}</ref> S4 was much closer to being a true world car than previous models as the only major differences for North American models were instrumentation in either kilometers or miles, lighting, front and rear bumper shocks, and the availability of catalytic converters in many other markets. The Australian market version was the only one with different horsepower rating at {{convert|300|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} due to preparation for possible low grade fuel. Even this was achieved without engine changes.

A Club Sport variant which was up to {{convert|100|kg|lb|abbr=on}} lighter became available to continental Europe and U.S. in 1988. This model was the toned down version of the 1987 factory prototype which had a lightened body. Also in 1987, the factory made five white lightweight S4 models with a manual transmission for racecar drivers who were on their payroll at the time (Derek Bell, Jochen Mass, Hans Stuck, Bob Wollek and Jacky Ickx). These were close to same as later actual Club Sport models and can also be considered prototypes for it. An SE (sometimes called the S4 Sport due to model designation on rear bumper), a sort of halfway point between a normally equipped S4 and the more race-oriented Club Sport, became available for the UK market. It's generally believed that these cars have more power than the usual S4. They utilize parts which later became known as GT pistons, cams and engine ECU programs. Some of them had stronger, short ratio manual transmission. The [[automatic transmission]] was not available for this model.

For the 1989 model year, a visible change inside was [[trip computer|digital trip computer]] in the dashboard. At the same time Australian models received the same {{convert|320|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} engine management setup as other markets. Porsche debuted the 928 GT in the late winter 1988/89 after dropping the slow-selling CS and SE. In terms of equipment, the GT was like the 928 SE, having more equipment than a Club Sport model but less than a 928 S4 to keep the weight down somewhat. It had the [[ZF Friedrichshafen AG|ZF]] 40% [[Limited slip differential|limited-slip differential]] as standard like the Club Sport and SE before it. Also, like the CS and SE, the GT was only available with a manual gearbox. European 1989 CS and GT wheels had an RDK tire pressure monitoring system as standard, which was also optional for the same year S4. For the 1990 model year Porsche made RDK and a 0-100% variable ratio limited-slip called PSD (Porsche Sperr Differential) standard in both GT and S4 models for all markets. This system is much like the one from the flagship [[Porsche 959|959]] and gives the vehicle even more grip on the track. In 1990, the S4 was no longer available with a manual transmission.

The S4 and GT variants halted production at the end of the 1991 model year, making way for the final version of the 928. The 928 GTS was available for sale in late 1991 as a 1992 model in Europe and in spring of 1992 as an early 1993 model in North America. Changed [[Coachwork|bodywork]], larger front brakes and a new, more powerful 5.4 L, 350 PS (257&nbsp;kW/345&nbsp;hp) engine were the big advertised changes; what Porsche wasn't advertising was the price. Loaded GTS models could eclipse US$100,000 in 1995, making them among the most expensive cars on the road at the time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dellis |first=Nicolaos |date=2016-11-27 |title=Porsche 928 GTS (1992 - 1995) |url=https://www.stuttcars.com/1992-1995-porsche-928-gts/ |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=Stuttcars |language=en-US}}</ref> This severely hampered sales despite the model's high competency and long standard equipment list. Porsche discontinued the GTS model that year after shipping only 77 of them to the United States. Total worldwide production for all years was a little over 61,000 cars.

Second-hand models' value decreased as a result of high maintenance costs due to spare parts that are expensive to manufacture. Many parts suppliers and enthusiast networks exist, especially in the United States, Germany and the UK.

[[Road & Track]] magazine published a speculative piece in their April 2006 issue regarding the possibility of a new, 928-esque coupé that may debut on a shortened version of the [[Porsche Panamera|Panamera]]'s platform sometime around 2011 or 2012 model year but this speculation remained uncredible as Porsche denied the possibility of any such model reaching production stage.

==Evolution==
{{Multiple issues|
{{overly detailed|section|date=June 2021}}
{{prose|section|date=June 2021}}
{{No sources|section|date= August 2025}}}}
Annual changes to the 928 included:

'''1978'''

*Model designation: '''928'''
*[[Engine displacement]]: {{convert|4.5|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}}
*Valves: 16
*Fuel feed: [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] [[Jetronic#K-Jetronic (1973-1994)|K-Jetronic]] [[fuel injection]]
*Max. Power ([[DIN]]): {{convert|240|PS|bhp kW|0|abbr=on}} / {{convert|219|bhp|PS kW|0|abbr=on}} (North America)
*Max. [[Torque#Machine torque|Torque]]: {{convert|363|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}}
----

'''1979'''

*Model designation: '''928'''
*Power: 240 PS (177&nbsp;kW) / 219&nbsp;hp (163&nbsp;kW) (North America)
*Changes:
**Battery box integrated as part of the body, was previously mounted to gearbox.
**Gearbox shocks deleted.
----

'''1980'''

*Model designation: '''928''' / '''928 S''' ('''928''' in North America)
*Engine displacement: 4.5 L / 4.7 L (S model only)
*Valves: 16
*Power: 240 PS (177&nbsp;kW) (4.5) / 300 PS (221&nbsp;kW) (4.7 S) / 229 HP (167&nbsp;kW) for North America only.
*Changes:
**Higher 10.0:1 compression ratio engine (except North America) 4.5 L model. Same power, i.e. 240 PS (177&nbsp;kW) but more torque, 380 Nm instead of 350 Nm.
**Bosch [[Jetronic#LH-Jetronic (1982–1998)|L-Jetronic]] injection in North America.
**Addition of "S" model, shown at [[International Motor Show Germany|Frankfurt]] in September 1979.<ref name=Keesings79>{{cite journal | title = Salon van Frankfurt is aanklacht tegen politieke machthebbers | trans-title = Frankfurt Show is an indictment of political leaders | language = nl-be | journal = Keesings Auto Magazine | location = Antwerp, Belgium | date = 1979-09-15 | volume = 2 | number = 17 | page = 18 | editor-last = Rombauts | editor-first = Walter }}</ref> The 928 S was not available in North America until 1983. Front & rear spoilers. Larger brakes.
**Manual gearbox changed during model year requiring shorter torque tube and different rear subframe.
**"S" brakes installed during model year except North America.
----

'''1981'''

*Model designation: '''928''' / '''928 S''' ('''928''' in North America)
*Engine displacement: 4.5 L / 4.7 L (S model only)
*Valves: 16
*Power: 240 PS (177&nbsp;kW) (4.5) / 300 PS (221&nbsp;kW) (4.7 S) / 229 HP (167&nbsp;kW) for North America only.
*Changes:
**"Competition Package" option available to US market.
----

'''1982'''

*Model designation: '''928''' / '''928 S''' ('''928''' in North America)
*Engine displacement: 4.5 L / 4.7 L (S model only)
*Valves: 16
*Power: 240 PS (177&nbsp;kW) (4.5) / 300 PS (221&nbsp;kW) (4.7 S) / 229 HP (167&nbsp;kW) for North America only.
*Changes:
**Vibration damper added to torque tube between 2nd and 3rd support bearing on manual gearbox cars and behind 2nd bearing on automatic gearbox cars.
**Reverse gear lock added to manual gearbox.
**141 "50th Jubilee" 928 S produced for worldwide markets except North America.
**"S" brakes used in US models.
**202 "Weissach Edition" model produced for the US market.
**4.5 L model dropped from production at the end of the model year.
**US "Competition Package" option dropped from production at the end of the model year.
----

'''1983'''

*Model designation: '''928 S'''
*Weight: 1500 [[kg]] (3300 [[Pound (mass)|lb]])
*Engine displacement: 4.7 L
*Power: 300 PS (221&nbsp;kW) / 234&nbsp;hp (174&nbsp;kW) (for North America)
*Changes:
**North American introduction of "S" model. Standard 928 (4.5 L) model dropped.
**New style hydraulic motor mounts.
**Engine shocks deleted at the same time.
**4-speed automatic transmission made available for North America.
**Car body and torque tube changed to accommodate longer gearbox.

----

'''1984'''

*Model designation: 928 S (928 '''S2''' in United Kingdom)
*Weight: 1500&nbsp;kg (3300&nbsp;lb)
*Engine displacement: 4.7 L
*Valves: Two per cylinder
*Power: '''310 PS''' (228&nbsp;kW) / 234&nbsp;hp (174&nbsp;kW) for North America.
*Changes:
**"S" model renamed "S2" in the UK market.
**Bosch LH-Jetronic injection and 4-speed automatic transmission made available for worldwide markets (previously available in North America only)
**Torque tube shortened like on U.S. model in the previous year.
**Bosch EZF ignition system using dual distributors makes debut. This allows higher 10.4:1 compression and increased torque.
**Compression change done in the middle of model year once 10.0:1 compression ratio resulting piston stock were used up in production.
**Bosch ABS brakes optional for the first time in a Porsche.
**At 146&nbsp;mph (235&nbsp;km/h) US model top speed, Porsche boldly claims the 928S to be "the fastest street legal production car sold in the US".
**Important safety related change to front suspension lower ball joints on all cars in September 1983.
----

'''1985'''
*Model designation: 928 S / 928 S2 (UK)
*Weight: 1500&nbsp;kg (3300&nbsp;lb)
*Engine displacement: 4.7 L (286 cubic inch)/ '''5.0 litre''' (302 cubic inch) for North America.
*Valves: Two per cylinder (four per cylinder in North America)
*Power: 310 PS (306&nbsp;hp, 228&nbsp;kW) (worldwide) / '''292 PS''' (288&nbsp;hp, 215&nbsp;kW) (for North America) / 275 PS (272&nbsp;hp, 202&nbsp;kW) (4.7 L) for (Australia)
*Changes:
**New 5.0-litre 288&nbsp;hp 32-valve engine equipped with Bosch LH-Jetronic injection and Bosch EZF ignition made available for the US market.
**Top speed (for the US model) is now in excess of 250&nbsp;km/h (155&nbsp;mph).
**Special two-valve 4.7 L engine (9.3:1 c/r) option M151 for Australia. Compression change was done with different shape piston tops. Coupled only with automatic transmission. Engine number is same M28/22 as the high-compression 2-valve engines.
**LH-Jetronic control box design changed in international markets.
**New style front seats. Redesigned more modern looking door panels installed when multi speaker stereo was ordered.
**Gearbox synchromesh changed to [[BorgWarner]] design and shorter gear lever, improving driveability on manual transmission cars.
**Shims left out from front end of torque tube drive plate in automatic transmission cars, this sometimes cause engine thrust bearing failures.
**Radio antenna moved to embedded windshield wire.
----

'''1986'''
*Model designation: 928 S / 928 S2 (UK)
*Engine displacement: 4.7 L (286 cubic inches) / 5.0 L (302 cubic inches) (North America, optional elsewhere)
*Valves: Two per cylinder (four for North America, optional elsewhere)
*Power: 310 PS (306&nbsp;hp, 228&nbsp;kW) (worldwide) / '''292 PS''' (288&nbsp;hp, 215&nbsp;kW) (for North America) / '''288 PS''' (284&nbsp;hp, 212&nbsp;kW) (for Australia, optional for Germany, Austria, Japan)
*Changes:
**Lowered 9.3:1 compression ratio four-valve engine optional for ''some'' markets along with catalytic converter, standard in Australia. Compression change was done with different shape piston tops.
**"S4" suspension package and [[Brembo]] brakes for 1986 models (from VIN 1001<ref>{{cite web|title=1983 - 1986 Porsche 928 S | work = 928 Registry|url=http://www.928registry.org/1983-928/1983-1986-928S-model-info.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053608/http://www.928registry.org/1983-928/1983-1986-928S-model-info.htm|archive-date=2013-09-21}}</ref> and November 1985 onwards in North America). No U.S. models made with VINs ending between 0938 and 1000 due to parts change.
**[[ABS brakes]] became standard for all markets during model year production.
----
[[File:1987 Porsche 928 S4 V8.jpg|thumb|right|The M28 V8 engine in a 1987 car]]
'''1987'''
*Model designation: '''928 S4'''
*Weight: 1590&nbsp;kg (3500&nbsp;lb)
*Engine displacement: '''5.0 L'''
*Valves: Four per cylinder
*Power: '''320 PS''' (316&nbsp;hp, 236&nbsp;kW) / 300 PS (296&nbsp;hp, 221&nbsp;kW) for Australia.
*Changes:
**Different style pistons, cylinder heads, camshafts, intake and larger intake valves compared to earlier 5.0 L engines.
**Nominal static compression ratio 10.0:1 (True ratio between 9.4:1 and 10.0:1, depending on parts used).
**Cylinder head studs used in all earlier engines replaced with bolts making it easier to remove heads while engine is in engine bay.
**Updated LH-Jetronic injection and ignition changed to EZK system, two knock sensors added to engine. Single disk clutch on manual transmission cars, larger torque converter on automatics.
**Modified front brake calipers used with 2&nbsp;mm diameter increase for larger pistons. Cars sold to U.S., Canada, Australia and Arab countries got new parts once remaining old design calliper stock was used up.
**New style front & rear bumpers and rear wing spoiler.
**Older style S wing still available as option M471. This is the same option number as 1980-82 Competition Group. Porsche has used same numbers several times in different model years and models. In different years they can mean different things.
**Redesigned front and rear bumper light assemblies.
**Body changed compared to earlier models to accommodate larger rear lamps, rear seat area modified to give room for new torque converter.
**Upwards folding rear spoiler and piston oil squirters in engine block on early cars only.
**Different horsepower rating for Australia due to different ignition map used because of possible low grade fuel.
----

'''1988'''
*Model designation: 928 S4 / '''928 CS''' / '''928 SE''' (UK)
*Engine displacement: 5.0 L
*Valves: Four per cylinder
*Power: 320 PS (316&nbsp;hp, 236&nbsp;kW) (S4, CS and SE) / 300 PS (296&nbsp;hp, 221&nbsp;kW) (S4) for Australia
*Changes:
**Lighter 928 CS "Club Sport" version available in Continental Europe and USA, 928 SE (S4 Sport) in UK.
**Only model year for "CS" (USA) and "SE" (UK). "CS" uses different VIN sequence than normal "S4".
**Stronger torque tube with 3&nbsp;mm thicker center shaft for automatic transmission.
**Pistons with strengthened skirt installed in February 1988.
**Oil drainage improved in piston skirts.
----

'''1989'''
*Model designation: 928 S4 / 928 CS / '''928 GT''' ("CS" model discontinued in USA)
*Engine displacement: 5.0 L
*Valves: Four per cylinder
*Power: 320 PS (316&nbsp;hp, 235&nbsp;kW) (S4 and CS) / '''330 PS''' (326&nbsp;hp, 243&nbsp;kW) (GT)
*Changes:
**February 1989, manual transmission-only "928 GT" debuts as a better-equipped version (all markets).
**Digital [[trip computer]]/warning system added to dashboard, ignition circuit monitor system added.
**For Australian cars same ignition maps resulting the same horsepower rating as in other markets.
**North America manual transmission model now uses same shorter final drive ratio as used elsewhere, to simplify production.
**RDK tire pressure monitoring system optional on S4, standard on CS and GT.
**Thicker cylinder head casting taken into use early in model year to strengthen head against cracking. Longer head bolts needed because of the change.
**Modified front [[brake caliper]]s with improved seals taken into use early in model year.
**928 CS now had the same VIN sequence as 928 S4. Model dropped from production during the model year at the end of 1988.
----

'''1990'''
*Model designation: 928 S4 / 928 GT
*Engine displacement: 5.0 L
*Valves: Four per cylinder
*Power: 320 PS (316&nbsp;hp, 235&nbsp;kW) (S4) / 330 PS (326&nbsp;hp, 243&nbsp;kW) (GT)
*Changes:
**GT pistons into use in S4 also resulting true 10.0:1 compression ratio for all engines.
**RDK tire pressure monitoring system standard on all cars. Computer controlled 0-100% PSD locking differential added to both models.
**S4 no longer available with manual gearbox.
**Dual airbags now standard across all Porsche models in U.S. Driver's and front passenger airbag optional elsewhere, only driver's side bag available in RHD markets.
----

'''1991'''
*Model designation: 928 S4 / 928 GT
*Engine displacement: 5.0 L
*Valves: Four per cylinder
*Power: 320 PS (316&nbsp;hp, 235&nbsp;kW) (S4) / 330 PS (326&nbsp;hp, 243&nbsp;kW) (GT)
*Changes:
**Improvements to cooling in exhaust side at cylinder heads, steering rack, power steering pump, soundproofing, front cooling flaps deleted, new style shift knob with integrated leather booth in manual gearbox cars, etc.
**Temperature sensors for ignition circuit monitor system moved from #4 and #8 cylinders to #3 and #7 cylinders to improve their efficiency.
**Check engine warning light added to all US models due to California regulatory demands.
**Two airbags as standard in [[Left hand drive|LHD]] models during model year production for most markets.
----

'''1992'''
*Model designation: '''928 GTS'''
*Engine displacement: '''5.4 L'''
*Valves: Four per cylinder
*Power: '''350 PS''' (345&nbsp;hp, 257&nbsp;kW)
*Changes:
**Engine displacement increases to 5.4 L due to increased crankshaft stroke. Piston compression height adjusted to matched new stroke.
**10.4:1 compression ratio pistons
**Milder camshafts for emission purposes
**Bodywork updated with flared rear fenders and so-called "cup" style wing mirrors.
**"Big Black" front brakes, significantly larger than the "S4" version.
**Stronger manual gearbox with differential driven oil pump and front-mounted oil cooler.
**GTS became available in North America at January 1992 as early 1993 model with later model year VIN. These cars use the same parts as 1992 models and can be differentiated from true 1993 US models with separate VIN sequences and option code M718.
----

'''1993'''
*Model designation: 928 GTS
*Engine displacement: 5.4 L
*Valves: Four per cylinder
*Power: 350 PS (345&nbsp;hp, 257&nbsp;kW)
*Changes:
**Cylinder block lower half studs replaced with bolts.
**Engine piston rings changed to limit oil consumption and pistons changed to strengthen skirt area.
**Minor update to gearbox clutch.
**Air conditioner refrigerant changed to R-134a.
** Driver-side airbag standard in RHD cars, passenger-side airbag not available in them.
----

'''1994'''
*Model designation: 928 GTS
*Engine displacement: 5.4 L
*Valves: Four per cylinder
*Power: 350 PS (345&nbsp;hp, 257&nbsp;kW)
*Changes:
**Cabin pollen filter added.
**Dynamic kickdown for automatic transmission models.
**Wheel design changed to "Cup II", RDK deleted at same time.
**First 19 US models were made already in spring of 1993, months before when normal model year change occurs in July/August. These M718 option cars still used previous model year parts like Cup I wheels and do not have 1994 model year updates despite using the same 1994 VIN sequence.
**[[Connecting rods]] changed to stronger design part in middle of model year.
----

'''1995'''
*Model designation: 928 GTS
*Engine displacement: 5.4 L
*Valves: Four per cylinder
*Power: 350 PS (345&nbsp;hp, 257&nbsp;kW)
*Torque: 500 [[N·m]] (369 [[Pound-foot (torque)|lb·ft]])
*Changes:
**Special model available in some markets containing 8" wide front wheels.
**Special colours (only available with automatic gearbox): "Iris blue" metallic and "Aventurine green" metallic colour with Classic grey or Cedar green leather interior.

==Timeline==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:91%;"
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:left; width:12%;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="2" style="width:8%;"|1970s
| colspan="11" style="width:44%;"|1980s
| colspan="6" style="width:24%;"|1990s
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
|width=4%|8
|width=4%|9
|width=4%|0
|width=4%|1
|width=4%|2
|width=4%|3
|width=4%|4
|width=4%|5
|width=4%|6
|width=4%|7
|width=4%|8
| colspan="2" style="width:4%;"|9
|width=4%|0
|width=4%|1
|width=4%|2
|width=4%|3
|width=4%|4
|width=4%|5
|- align=center
| rowspan="7" style="width:6%; background:#f0f0f0;"|'''European'''
|  style="text-align:left; width:4%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928
| colspan="5" style="width:20%; background:silver;"|4.5L 16V 240&nbsp;PS
| colspan="8" style="width:32%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="6" style="width:24%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|- align=center
|  style="text-align:left; width:6%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928 S
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="4" style="width:16%; background:silver;"|4.7L 16V 300&nbsp;PS
| colspan="3" style="width:12%; background:silver;"|4.7L 16V 310&nbsp;PS
| colspan="4" style="width:16%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="6" style="width:24%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|- align=center
|  style="text-align:left; width:6%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928 S 50th Jubilee M406
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|  style="width:4%; background:silver;"|4.7L 16V<br>300&nbsp;PS
| colspan="8" style="width:32%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="6" style="width:24%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|- align=center
|  style="text-align:left; width:4%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928 S4
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="7" style="width:28%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="6" style="width:24%; background:silver;"|5.0L 32V 320&nbsp;PS
| colspan="4" style="width:16%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|- align=center
|  style="text-align:left; width:4%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928 CS
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="8" style="width:32%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="2" style="width:6%; background:silver;"|5.0L 32V<br>320&nbsp;PS
|  style="width:4%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="6" style="width:24%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|- align=center
|  style="text-align:left; width:4%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928 GT
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="10" style="width:40%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="3" style="width:10%; background:silver;"|5.0L 32V<br>330&nbsp;PS
| colspan="4" style="width:16%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|- align=center
|  style="text-align:left; width:4%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928 GTS
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="11" style="width:44%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="4" style="width:16%; background:silver;"|5.4L 32V 350&nbsp;PS
|- align=center
|  rowspan="2" style="width:6%; background:#f0f0f0;"|'''UK'''
|  style="text-align:left; width:4%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928 S2
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="4" style="width:16%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="3" style="width:12%; background:silver;"|4.7L 16V 310&nbsp;PS
| colspan="4" style="width:16%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="6" style="width:24%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|- align=center
|  style="text-align:left; width:4%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928 SE
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="8" style="width:32%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|  style="width:4%; background:silver;"|5.0L 32V 320&nbsp;PS
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="6" style="width:24%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|- align=center
| rowspan="2" style="width:6%; background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Australia'''
|  style="text-align:left; width:4%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928 S M151
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="5" style="width:20%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="1" style="width:4%; background:silver;"|4.7L 16V<br>275&nbsp;PS
| colspan="5" style="width:16%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="6" style="width:24%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|- align=center
|  style="text-align:left; width:4%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928 S4
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="7" style="width:28%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:silver;"|5.0L 32V 300&nbsp;PS
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="6" style="width:24%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|- align=center
|  style="width:6%; background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Germany<br>Austria<br>Australia<br>Japan'''
|  style="text-align:left; width:4%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928 S M298/M299
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="6" style="width:24%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|  style="width:4%; background:silver;"|5.0L 32V<br>288&nbsp;PS
| colspan="4" style="width:16%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="6" style="width:24%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|- align=center
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
| style="width:12%;" colspan="2" rowspan="2"|&nbsp;
| style="width:8%;" colspan="2"|1970s
| style="width:44%;" colspan="11"|1980s
| style="width:24%;" colspan="6"|1990s
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
|width=4%|8
|width=4%|9
|width=4%|0
|width=4%|1
|width=4%|2
|width=4%|3
|width=4%|4
|width=4%|5
|width=4%|6
|width=4%|7
|width=4%|8
| colspan="2" style="width:4%;"|9
|width=4%|0
|width=4%|1
|width=4%|2
|width=4%|3
|width=4%|4
|width=4%|5
|- align=center
| rowspan="9" style="width:6%; background:#f0f0f0;"|'''U.S.<br>Canada'''
|  style="text-align:left; width:4%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:silver;"|4.5L 16V 219&nbsp;hp
| colspan="3" style="width:12%; background:silver;"|4.5L 16V 228&nbsp;hp
| colspan="8" style="width:32%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="6" style="width:24%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|- align=center
|  style="text-align:left; width:6%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928 Competition Group M471
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|  style="width:4%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:silver;"|4.5L 16V 228&nbsp;hp
| colspan="8" style="width:32%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="6" style="width:24%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|- align=center
|  style="text-align:left; width:6%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928 Weissach Edition M462
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|  style="width:4%; background:silver;"|4.5L 16V 228&nbsp;hp
| colspan="8" style="width:32%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="6" style="width:24%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|- align=center
|  style="text-align:left; width:6%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928 S
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="3" style="width:12%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:silver;"|4.7L 16V<br>239&nbsp;hp
| colspan="6" style="width:24%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="6" style="width:24%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|- align=center
|  style="text-align:left; width:6%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928 S
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="5" style="width:20%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:silver;"|5.0L 32V<br>288&nbsp;hp
| colspan="4" style="width:16%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="6" style="width:24%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|- align=center
|  style="text-align:left; width:6%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928 S4
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="7" style="width:28%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="6" style="width:24%; background:silver;"|5.0L 32V 316&nbsp;hp
| colspan="4" style="width:16%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|- align=center
|  style="text-align:left; width:6%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928 CS
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="8" style="width:32%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|  style="width:4%; background:silver;"|5.0L 32V 316&nbsp;hp
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="6" style="width:24%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|- align=center
|  style="text-align:left; width:6%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928 GT
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="10" style="width:40%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="3" style="width:10%; background:silver;"|5.0L 32V<br>326&nbsp;hp
| colspan="4" style="width:16%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
|- align=center
|  style="text-align:left; width:6%; background:#f0f0f0;"|928 GTS
| colspan="2" style="width:8%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="11" style="width:44%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="3" style="width:12%; background:#e0e0e0;"|&nbsp;
| colspan="3" style="width:12%; background:silver;"|5.4L 32V<br>345&nbsp;hp
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
| style="width:12%;" colspan="2" rowspan="2"|&nbsp;
|width=4%|8
|width=4%|9
|width=4%|0
|width=4%|1
|width=4%|2
|width=4%|3
|width=4%|4
|width=4%|5
|width=4%|6
|width=4%|7
|width=4%|8
| colspan="2" style="width:8%;"|9
|width=4%|0
|width=4%|1
|width=4%|2
|width=4%|3
|width=4%|4
|width=4%|5
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
| style="width:8%;" colspan="2"|1970s
| style="width:44%;" colspan="11"|1980s
| style="width:24%;" colspan="6"|1990s
|}

==Worldwide production numbers==
All production numbers are approximate figures collected from several sources. Porsche hasn't published actual numbers.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:91%;"
|-  style="text-align:left; background:#f0f0f0;"
|| '''Model'''
|| '''Model years'''
|| '''Numbers made'''
|-
|  style="text-align:left; background:#f0f0f0;"| 928 <sup>(1, 2</sup>
|  style="text-align:left; background:#e0e0e0;"| 1978&ndash;82
|  style="text-align:right; background:#e0e0e0;"| 17,669
|-
|  style="text-align:left; background:#f0f0f0;"| 928 S <sup>(3</sup>
|  style="text-align:left; background:#e0e0e0;"| 1980&ndash;83
|  style="text-align:right; background:#e0e0e0;"| 8,315
|-
|  style="text-align:left; background:#f0f0f0;"| 928 S/S2 <sup>(4, 5, 6, 7</sup>
|  style="text-align:left; background:#e0e0e0;"| 1984&ndash;86
|  style="text-align:right; background:#e0e0e0;"| 14,347
|-
|  style="text-align:left; background:#f0f0f0;"| 928 S4 <sup>(8</sup>
|  style="text-align:left; background:#e0e0e0;"| 1987&ndash;91
|  style="text-align:right; background:#e0e0e0;"| 15,682
|-
|  style="text-align:left; background:#f0f0f0;"| 928 CS <sup>(9</sup>
|  style="text-align:left; background:#e0e0e0;"| 1988&ndash;89{{frac|1|2}}
|  style="text-align:right; background:#e0e0e0;"| 19
|-
|  style="text-align:left; background:#f0f0f0;"| 928 SE
|  style="text-align:left; background:#e0e0e0;"| 1988
|  style="text-align:right; background:#e0e0e0;"| 42
|-
|  style="text-align:left; background:#f0f0f0;"| 928 GT <sup>(10</sup>
|  style="text-align:left; background:#e0e0e0;"| 1989{{frac|1|2}}&ndash;91
|  style="text-align:right; background:#e0e0e0;"| 2,078
|-
|  style="text-align:left; background:#f0f0f0;"| 928 GTS <sup>(11</sup>
|  style="text-align:left; background:#e0e0e0;"| 1992&ndash;95<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.928registry.org/1993-928/1993-928GTS-listing-page.htm |title=1993-928GTS-listing page |publisher=928registry.org |access-date=2011-11-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203193820/http://www.928registry.org/1993-928/1993-928GTS-listing-page.htm |archive-date=2011-12-03 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.928registry.org/1994-928/1994-928GTS-listing-page.htm |title=1994-928GTS-listing-page |publisher=928registry.org |access-date=2011-11-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203193826/http://www.928registry.org/1994-928/1994-928GTS-listing-page.htm |archive-date=2011-12-03 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.928registry.org/1995-928/1995-928GTS-listing-page.htm |title=1995 928 GTS listing page |publisher=928registry.org |access-date=2011-11-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220045523/http://www.928registry.org/1995-928/1995-928GTS-listing-page.htm |archive-date=2011-12-20 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.928registry.org/1993-928/1993-928GTS-early-listing-page.htm |title=New Page 5 |access-date=2011-04-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903012215/http://www.928registry.org/1993-928/1993-928GTS-early-listing-page.htm |archive-date=2011-09-03 }}</ref>
|  style="text-align:right; background:#e0e0e0;"| 2,904
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
|  style="text-align:left; "| '''Total'''
|  style="text-align:left; "| '''1978&ndash;95'''
|  style="text-align:right; "| '''61,056'''
|}

<sup>1) Count contains 2 1980, 458 1981 and 1,084 1982 US "Competition Group" models made.</sup><br>
<sup>2) Count contains 202 US "Weissach edition" models made in 1982 model year. 205 is official number which don't seem to be correct. Cars with higher production number than 202 or 205 exist. 217 is known existing plaque number but there were only 202 cars made with M462 option code.</sup><br>
<sup>3) Count contains 141 European "50th Jubilee" models made in 1982 model year.</sup><br>
<sup>4) Count contains 44 M151 low compression 16V 4.7L S engine models made in 1985 model year for Australian market.</sup><br>
<sup>5) Count contains 2,219 so-called S3 US models made in 1985 model year and 877 1986 models made in early part of 1986 model year up to November 1985.</sup><br>
<sup>6) Count contains 517 1986 European 32-valve S models. Most were Australian and Japanese models. 266 were optional M298/M299 catalytic converter models sold in Germany, Switzerland and Austria.</sup><br>
<sup>7) Count contains 2,071 so-called S3.5 US models made in later part of 1986 model year starting from November 1985.</sup><br>
<sup>8) Count contains 6 Club Sport prototypes made in the 1987 model year.</sup><br>
<sup>9) Count contains 10 European models and 2 US models made in 1988 model year and 7 European models made in early part of 1989 model year. Last Club Sport cars were made in early winter 1988/89.</sup><br>
<sup>10) Count contains 358 European and 115 US/CDN model made in 1989 model year, 808 European and 142 US made in 1990, 516 European and 145 US made in 1991 resulting 1682 European and 396 US model made over two and half year time period. GT production started in around February 1989. </sup><br>
<sup>11) Count contains 955 1992, 621 1993, 523 1994 and 399 1995 European models resulting 2,498 cars made. Count contains 88 early VIN 1993, 102 late VIN 1993, 19 + 120 1994 and 77 1995 US models resulting 406 cars made.</sup>

==Special versions==
===Porsche 942===
[[Image:Bruxelles Autoworld Special 70 Years of Porsche 53.jpg|thumb|Porsche 942 at Autoworld in Brussels]]
The '''Porsche 942''' was a special edition 928 presented by the company as a gift to [[Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche|Ferry Porsche]] on his 75th birthday in 1984.<ref name=FPP>{{cite web|url=https://www.motortrend.com/vehicle-genres/2010-porsche-panamera-3/ |title=Future: Porsche Panamera |date=28 December 2005 |publisher=Motortrend.com |access-date=1 January 2022}}</ref> It's also known as the 928–4. It featured a {{convert|25|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} longer wheelbase than the normal 928 production model, including an extended roof above the rear seats to better accommodate tall passengers, and what were at the time very advanced projector headlights. The weight increased marginally, by {{convert|75|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=TM585>{{cite magazine | magazine = Tekniikan Maailma | ref = TM | date = 1985-03-19 | number = 5/85 | volume = 41 | issn = 0355-4287 | title = Syntymäpäivälahja | trans-title = Birthday gift | last = Vainio | first = Jarmo | publisher = TM-Julkaisu | location = Helsinki | language = fi | page = 69 }}</ref> It also received the new front and rear bumpers two years before they entered production on the S4 and the 5.0-litre 32-valve engine before it was introduced in the US market. This early model of the engine was slightly less powerful, producing {{convert|310|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|420|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 2700&nbsp;rpm.<ref name=TM585/>

==="Study H50" Four-door 928 based prototype===
[[File:PorscheH50.jpg|thumb|H50 Four-door 928]]
Three years later, in 1987, the lengthened 928 that had been presented to the company's founder on his 75th birthday turned up as a "Feasibility Study", now with a [[suicide doors|second (rather narrow) set of door]]s, apparently opening in the same way as the [[suicide door]]s seen on the later [[Mazda RX-8]].<ref name="AutoMotoruSport2010">{{cite journal| title = Nachtschicht im Schloss: A report on a concours d'elegance at Schloss Bensberg | series = Heft|journal = [[Auto, Motor und Sport|Auto Motor u. Sport]]| volume = 25 2010| pages = Seite 49 |date = 18 November 2010}}</ref> At the time "Study H50" appeared to sink with little trace, but two decades later, with the launch of the larger four-door [[Porsche Panamera]] [[sedan (car)|saloon]], the 928 based four-door saloon [[concept car|prototype]] from 1987 acquired greater significance.<ref name="AutoMotoruSport2010"/>

===928 long wheelbase specials===
In 1986 Porsche together with tuning company [[Mercedes-AMG|AMG]] made a few long-wheelbase 928 specials. Unlike the 942, these had normal 928 [[headlight]]s. One was presented to American Sunroof Corporation (ASC) founder and CEO [[Heinz Prechter]]. ASC was later partly responsible for manufacturing [[Porsche 944|Porsche 944 S2 cabriolets]].

==Racing==

===The Max Moritz 'Semi Works' 928 GTR===
[[File:928GTR (Cup) Front, cropped.tif|thumb|The Porsche 928 GTR (front view)]]
Porsche's Racing Department never officially entered or prepared a racing 928 for a pure works entry. Porsche did arrange for the creation of a 928&nbsp;GTR, to compete against the then-dominant [[Porsche 993|911 (993 GTR)]] on the race track. In order not to offend the sensibilities of their traditional 911 customers by openly challenging them with a works offering, Porsche asked Max Moritz Racing, their longtime private racing partner from nearby [[Reutlingen]] to enter a 928GTR Cup as a 'semi-works' car.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

===All-aluminium 928===
For the 1984 [[24 hours of Daytona]], Porsche sent one of its experimental "All-aluminium" 928S to the [[Brumos Racing]] Team to be prepared with specific instruction not to modify the car in any way. Porsche wanted to promote the performance of the 928 to North America. The drivers Richard Attwood (GB), Vic Elford (GB), Howard Meister (USA) and Bob Hagestad (USA) were told to just "drive the car". During practice for the 24-hour race the drivers found the car to be somewhat unstable on the high banks of Daytona and wanted to add a rear wing to the car; Porsche denied the request. The Brumos team tinkered with the suspension set up to make the car more stable. The car finished in 15th overall and 4th in the GTO class. One driver stated in an interview later on, that were it not for a lengthy pit stop to fix some body damage, they would have finished in the top 5 overall. The car was then returned to Porsche and is now in the Porsche Museum. A 928S from Raymond Boutinaud also competed at the [[24 Hours of Le Mans]] in 1983 & 1984 with a 22nd-place finish in 1984. The same car also competed in 1000k races at Spa, Brands Hatch and Silverstone in 1984, but with little success.

===Closed Course Speed Record===
A new closed course speed record was set for the Porsche 928 at the [[Transportation Research Center]] (TRC) proving grounds<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.trcpg.com/"Transportation| title = Research Center Website}}</ref> in Ohio on October 5, 2020. Race car builder and driver Carl Fausett reached 234.434 MPH (377.28&nbsp;km/h) on the high-banked paved oval. The vehicle was the same car he took to Bonneville (above) with further enhancements. At the time of this race, it had 1134 BHP from a specially constructed and supercharged Porsche 928 V8 and had been named ''The Meg'' in reference to the Megalodon. Speeds were measured by Tag/Heuer laser traps and certified by TRC staff. The 234.434 MPH (377.28&nbsp;km/h) top speed eclipsed the previous record of 216.635 MPH (348.62&nbsp;km/h) and made the Meg the worlds' fastest 928, and set a new Porsche closed-course record.<ref>{{cite magazine | url = https://www.excellence-mag.com/issues/283/articles/leaving-nothing-on-the-table/"Excellence| title = Leaving Nothing on the Table | magazine = [[Excellence (magazine)|Excellence]] | date = 2021-05-20 | first = Peter | last = Linsky | publisher = Ross Periodicals, Inc. }}</ref>

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
<!-- last updated October 2021 -->

====General====
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Austen |first1=Jörg |title=Porsche 928: Die technische Dokumentation des Transaxle-Achtzylinders |trans-title=Porsche 928: The Technical Documentation of the Transaxle Eight-Cylinder |date=2004 |publisher=Motorbuch Verlag |location=Stuttgart |isbn=3613023687 |language=de}}
* {{Bongers-PDB}}
* Bowler, M & Wood, J (1997). ''The Fastest Cars From Around the World''. Parragon. ISBN.
* {{cite book |editor-last=Clarke |editor-first=R.M. |title=Porsche 928 Collection No. 1 |date=1981 |publisher=Brooklands Books |location=Cobham, Surrey, UK |isbn=0907073336}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Clarke |editor-first=R.M. |title=Porsche 928 1977-1989 |series=Road Test Series |date=1989 |publisher=Brooklands Books |location=Cobham, Surrey, UK |isbn=1870642813 |editor-mask=6}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Clarke |editor-first=R.M. |title=Porsche 928 Performance Portfolio 1977-1994 |series=Road Test Portfolio Series |date=1995 |publisher=Brooklands Books |location=Cobham, Surrey, U.K. |isbn=1855202697 |editor-mask=6}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Clarke |editor-first=R.M. |title=Porsche 928 Takes On the Competition |series=Road Test Series |date=1999 |publisher=Brooklands Books |location=Cobham, Surrey, UK |isbn=1855204118 |editor-mask=6}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Clarke |editor-first=R.M. |title=Porsche 928 Portfolio 1977-1994 |series=[[Road & Track]] Series |date=2003 |publisher=Brooklands Books |location=Cobham, Surrey, UK |isbn=1855206099 |editor-mask=6}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Clarke |editor-first=R.M. |title=Porsche 928 Gold Portfolio 1977-1995 |series=Road Test Portfolio Series |date=2005 |publisher=Brooklands Books |location=Cobham, Surrey, UK |isbn=1855206757 |editor-mask=6}}
* {{Cranswick-Porsche-928-924-944-968}}
* {{cite book |last1=Fausett |first1=Carl |title=Peak 928: Pikes Peak in a Porsche 928 |date=2008 |publisher=AuthorHouse |location=Bloomington, IN, USA |isbn=9781434372932}}
* {{Fuths-Porsche-924-944-968-928}}
* {{cite book |last=Hemmings |first=David |title=Porsche 928 1977 to 1996 |series=The Essential Buyer's Guide series |year=2005 |publisher=Veloce Publishing |location=Dorchester, Dorset, UK |isbn=190478870X}}
* {{cite book |last1=Hemmings |first1=David |title=Porsche 928 |date=2021 |publisher=Amberley Publishing |location=Stroud, Gloucestershire, England |isbn=9781398106680}}
* Hogsten, Dag E. "Jättetest Alla modeller Porsche". ''[[Teknikens Värld]]'' issue #13, June 17, 1981. {{in lang|sv}}
* {{cite book |last1=Long |first1=Brian |title=Porsche 928 |date=2020 |publisher=Veloce Publishing |location=Dorchester, Dorset, UK |isbn=9781787115569}}
* {{Leffingwell-PL}}
* {{Leffingwell-P70Y |author-mask=8}}
* {{Ludvigsen-EwE-2}}
* {{Ludvigsen-EwE-3 |author-mask=7}}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Pitt |editor-first1=Colin |title=Porsche 928 1977-1995 |date=2008 |publisher=Unique Motor Books |location=Hockley, Essex, UK |isbn=9781841556253}}
* {{cite book |last1=Pitt |first1=Colin |title=Porsche 928 |date=2019 |publisher=C P Press |location=Hockley, Essex, UK |isbn=9781910241790 |author-mask=5}}
* {{Sloniger-Porsche-924-928-944}}
* {{Smale-Porsche-924-928-944-968}}
* {{Vivian-Porsche-924-928-944-968}}
* {{Weber-PEoP}}
* {{cite book |last1=Weitmann |first1=Julius Joseph |last2=Steinemann |first2=Rico |title=Project 928: A development history of the Porsche 928 from first sketch to production |date=1978 |publisher=Motorbuch Verlag |location=Stuttgart |isbn=3879435189}}
* {{Wood-PTL}}
* ''Porsche Scene'' - Germany (12/2006) "Frisch aufgelegt: Stroseks Design Klassiker" {{in lang|de}}
* 911&PORSCHE WORLD - GB (May/June 1994)  "928 Cup Racer"
{{Refend}}

====Workshop manuals====
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Chilton Automotive Editorial Staff |title=Porsche 924 and 928: 1977-81, 924 · 924 Turbo · 928 |series=Chilton's Repair & Tune-Up Guide Series |date=1981 |publisher=Chilton Book Co |location=Radnor, PA, USA |isbn=0801970482}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Porsche 928}}
* [http://www.porsche.com/international/accessoriesandservice/classic/philosophyandclassicworld/world/models/roadvehicles/ Porsche Classic Road Vehicles]

{{Porsche vehicles}}
{{Porsche early timeline}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Porsche vehicles|928]]
[[Category:1980s cars]]
[[Category:1990s cars]]
[[Category:Grand tourers]]
[[Category:Coupés]]
[[Category:2+2 coupés]]
[[Category:Hatchbacks]]
[[Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1977]]
[[Category:Cars discontinued in 1995]]