View source for Portage (software)

{{Short description|Gentoo package management system}}
{{Infobox software
| name = Portage
| logo = 
| screenshot = Portage-oppdatering.png
| caption = Portage in action
| author = [[Daniel Robbins]]
| developer = Gentoo developers
| released = 
| latest release version = {{Wikidata|properties|references|edit|P348}}
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|{{Wikidata|qualifier|P348|P577}}}}
| latest preview version = {{Wikidata|properties|references|edit|P348|P548=Q51930650}}
| latest preview date = {{Start date and age|{{Wikidata|qualifier|single|P348|P548=Q51930650|P577}}}}
| operating system = [[Gentoo Linux]] and [[Gentoo/FreeBSD]], [[ChromiumOS]], [[ChromeOS]], [[Sabayon Linux|Sabayon]], [[Calculate Linux]]
| platform = [[POSIX]]-compatible/[[Python (programming language)|Python]]-capable
| genre = {{Wikidata|properties|references|edit|P31}}
| programming language = {{Wikidata|properties|references|edit|P277}}
| license = {{Wikidata|properties|references|edit|P275}}
| website = {{URL|https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Portage}}
}}

'''Portage''' is a [[package management system]] originally created for and used by [[Gentoo Linux]] and also by [[ChromeOS]] and [[Calculate Linux|Calculate]] among others.  Portage is based on the concept of [[ports collection]]s. Gentoo is sometimes referred to as a ''meta-distribution'' due to the extreme flexibility of Portage, which makes it [[operating system|operating-system]]-independent.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gentoo.org/get-started/about/ |title=About Gentoo |website=gentoo.org |access-date=August 23, 2019 |archive-date=December 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221235233/https://www.gentoo.org/get-started/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://tom.acrewoods.net/writing/gentoo-workstation My Workstation OS: Gentoo {{!}} Tom Chance's website<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708042139/http://tom.acrewoods.net/writing/gentoo-workstation |date=2009-07-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.linuxdevcenter.com/pub/a/linux/2002/10/10/intro_gentoo.html|title=Gentoo Linux Reloaded - O'Reilly Media|author=Daniel Robbins|date=10 October 2002|access-date=27 May 2015|archive-date=14 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014143439/http://www.linuxdevcenter.com/pub/a/linux/2002/10/10/intro_gentoo.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osnews.com/story.php/1080/Interview-with-Gentoos-Daniel-Robbins/|title=OSNews.com|access-date=27 May 2015|archive-date=29 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929100012/http://www.osnews.com/story.php/1080/Interview-with-Gentoos-Daniel-Robbins/|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Gentoo/Alt]] project was concerned with using Portage to manage other operating systems, such as [[BSD]]s, [[macOS]] and [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]]. The most notable of these implementations is the [[Gentoo/FreeBSD]] project.

There is an ongoing effort called the Package Manager Specification project (PMS),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Package_Manager_Specification |title=Project:Package Manager Specification |website=wiki.gentoo.org |access-date=August 23, 2019 |archive-date=July 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708051401/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Package_Manager_Specification |url-status=live }}</ref> which aims to standardise and document the behaviour of Portage, allowing the [[ebuild]] tree and Gentoo system packages to be used with alternative package managers such as Paludis and pkgcore. Its goal is to specify the exact set of features and behaviour of package managers and ebuilds, serving as an authoritative reference for Portage.

==Overview==
===Accessing Portage===
[[Image:Porthole-screenshot.png|thumb|180px|right|Porthole graphical frontend.]]
Portage is similar to the [[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]]-style [[package management system|package management]] known as [[Ports collection|ports]], and was originally designed with [[FreeBSD]]'s ports in mind.<ref>[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/articles/making-the-distro-p3.xml Gentoo Linux Documentation - Making the distribution, Part 3<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222044705/http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/articles/making-the-distro-p3.xml |date=2014-12-22 }}</ref> Portage is written in the [[Python (programming language)|Python programming language]], and is the main utility that defines Gentoo. Although the system itself is known as Portage, it consists of two main parts, the ''[[ebuild]]'' system and ''emerge''. The ebuild system takes care of the actual work of building and installing packages, while emerge provides an interface to ebuild: managing an ebuild repository, resolving dependencies and similar issues. (These two therefore have roughly the same relation as [[RPM Package Manager|rpm]] has with [[Yellow dog Updater, Modified|yum]], or [[dpkg]] has with [[Advanced Packaging Tool|APT]].)

A [[GTK]]-based GUI, '''[http://porthole.sourceforge.net Porthole]''', is available for working with Portage.
There is also the '''Himerge''' GUI, which stands for "Haskell Interface for eMerge".

===Functions provided===
Portage is characterized by its main function: [[Compiler|compiling]] from [[source code]] the packages the user wishes to install. In doing so it allows customization of compiler and target-application options to fit the system's specifications and the user's own wishes. Functionalities related to system management include: allowing parallel package-version installation, tracking cross-package [[Coupling (computer science)|dependencies]], managing a database of installed packages, providing a local ebuild repository, and synchronizing of the local Portage tree with remote repositories. Functionalities related to individual package installation include: specifying compilation settings for the target machine and choosing package components.

Portage distinguishes between three levels of stability in ebuilds: ''stable'' (e.g., the software works as intended with no known [[Software security|security issues]] at time of release), ''keyword masked'' (mainly for packages that have not been sufficiently [[Software testing|tested]] on the target system architecture to be considered stable) and ''hard masked'' (broken or very insecure) packages.

==Features==
===Emerge===
[[File:Gentoo-portage-spacefm-unmerge.png|thumb|Unmerge of [[SpaceFM]] file manager]]
The '''emerge''' command-line tool is the heart of Portage. The command is customizable with many options and modifiers. The emerge tool is the most important utility for accessing the features of Portage from the [[command line]].

The program calculates and manages dependencies, executes ebuilds and maintains the local Portage [[Tree structure|tree]] and database of installed packages. The compilation settings used by ebuilds can be changed through the [[CFLAGS]] [[environment variable]], based on the specifications of the individual computer and on the user's desire for optimization. The emerge utility executes ebuilds in a [[sandbox (security)|sandbox]] environment. This way the system is protected from software executed by the ebuild and resulting binaries are only merged after a successful build and sandboxed install.

What emerge installs as dependencies is affected by the USE flag-settings. They decide which optional features will be included when installing or upgrading an application. The emerge command can also be used to download and install precompiled binary files.

===USE flags===
[[File:Gentoo-portage-system-update.png|thumb|Portage during system update]]
The Portage system offers the use of "USE flags", which allows users to indicate which software features they would like to include (and exclude) while building packages. For example, there is a USE flag to include [[DVD]] support, where available, in packages compiled with the flag enabled. The USE flags affect which [[Coupling (computer science)|dependencies]] are required, generally affecting which optional features will be built into a given program when it is compiled. For example, in packages which use a [[configure script]], the USE flag <code>feature</code> would translate to <code>./configure --with-feature</code>.

The specification of USE flags is the usual way to configure programs on Gentoo. USE flags may be set manually, or via user-friendly tools such as 'ufed' (USE flag editor), which lists flags along with their description. A list of available USE flags is available at the Gentoo website's [https://www.gentoo.org/support/use-flags/ USE Flag Index].

===ebuild===
Gentoo does not, by default, use binary packages as other [[package management system]]s do (like [[pacman (Arch Linux)|pacman]] or apt), employing instead a format known as the ebuild. Whereas [[RPM Package Manager#Binary format|RPM binaries]] are precompiled [[binaries]], ebuilds are [[shell script]]s with variables and functions which contain a description of the software, and instructions on how to obtain, configure, [[compiler|compile]], and install it, more closely akin to (but more powerful than) the [[RPM Package Manager#SPEC file|.spec files]] distributed in [[SRPM]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Ebuild|title=ebuild - Gentoo Wiki|website=wiki.gentoo.org|access-date=2019-12-17|archive-date=2019-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217201615/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Ebuild|url-status=live}}</ref> The official repository provides over 19,600 ebuilds, the majority of which are distributed by the Gentoo [[Web mirror|mirrors]]. New and updated ebuilds can be obtained by synchronizing the local ebuild repositories with the mirrors. This is done by executing the command <code>emaint sync -a</code>. Historically, Gentoo has provided pre-compiled binary packages for many common programs, especially those which are lengthy to compile, such as [[Mozilla Firefox]] and [[OpenOffice.org]]. These are still installed with emerge, just by appending a "-bin" to the package name to instead install the binary version.

Example of ebuild for [[GNOME Terminator]]:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
# Copyright 1999-2020 Gentoo Authors
# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2

EAPI=7

PYTHON_COMPAT=( python3_{6,7,8} )
DISTUTILS_USE_SETUPTOOLS="no"
inherit distutils-r1 virtualx xdg-utils

DESCRIPTION="Multiple GNOME terminals in one window"
HOMEPAGE="https://github.com/gnome-terminator/terminator"
SRC_URI="https://github.com/gnome-terminator/terminator/releases/download/v${PV}/${P}.tar.gz"

LICENSE="GPL-2"
SLOT="0"
KEYWORDS="amd64 ~ppc x86"
IUSE="dbus +libnotify"

RDEPEND="
	>=dev-libs/glib-2.32:2
	dev-libs/keybinder:3[introspection]
	dev-python/configobj[${PYTHON_USEDEP}]
	dev-python/psutil[${PYTHON_USEDEP}]
	dev-python/pycairo[${PYTHON_USEDEP}]
	dev-python/pygobject:3[${PYTHON_USEDEP}]
	>=x11-libs/gtk+-3.16:3
	x11-libs/vte:2.91[introspection]
	dbus? ( dev-python/dbus-python[${PYTHON_USEDEP}] )
	libnotify? ( x11-libs/libnotify[introspection] )
"
BDEPEND="
	dev-util/intltool
"
distutils_enable_tests setup.py

PATCHES=(
	"${FILESDIR}"/terminator-1.91-without-icon-cache.patch
	"${FILESDIR}"/terminator-1.91-desktop.patch
	"${FILESDIR}"/terminator-1.92-make-tests-fail.patch
	"${FILESDIR}"/terminator-1.92-metainfo.patch
)

src_prepare() {
	xdg_environment_reset
	distutils-r1_src_prepare
}

src_test() {
	virtx distutils-r1_src_test
}

pkg_postinst() {
	xdg_desktop_database_update
	xdg_icon_cache_update
}

pkg_postrm() {
	xdg_desktop_database_update
	xdg_icon_cache_update
}
</syntaxhighlight>

===Binary packages===
Gentoo does have a binary packaging format, which is a ''.tbz2'' file ([[tar (file format)|tar]] with [[bzip2]] compression) with additional [[metadata]]. This feature enables the building of binary packages on one system (using Portage's <code>buildpkg</code> or <code>quickpkg</code>) followed by quick installation on compatible systems (with Portage's <code>getbinpkg</code> or <code>emerge -K</code>). See [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=2&chap=3#doc_chap4 Portage Features in the Gentoo Linux Handbook] for more information.

===Profiles===
Portage has a set of profiles for different use cases and host targets that tend to be versioned by upstream developers, which can change how Portage functions and deals with the system when it comes to its file system hierarchy, toolchain upgrades, libc and init systems. Profiles can also apply ebuild configurations, compiler flags, and masking in the world set.<ref>{{cite web | title=Profile (Portage) - Gentoo wiki | url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Profile_(Portage) }}</ref>

===Masking===
''Masking'' is how Gentoo determines which packages are suitable for a system. Ebuilds designed for different architectures or experimental software are usually masked in a manner which prevents a stable system from installing them without user intervention.

Packages that generally just require some testing but will often work fine are said to be ''keyword masked'' (i.e. they are available for systems with an ACCEPT_KEYWORDS make.conf entry starting with the character <code>~</code>, such as <code>~x86</code>, <code>~amd64</code>, <code>~ppc</code>). An individual ''keyword masked'' package can be unmasked by adding a line with the full package name and keyword to some file within the  <code>/etc/portage/package.accept_keywords/</code> directory. Users can make subdirectories here as well, allowing for custom organization. For example, if a masked package had multiple masked dependencies, the user could make a directory with the name of the original masked package, and put all the mask files for the package and its dependencies in that directory. This scheme replaces the older scheme of having <code>/etc/portage/package.accept_keywords</code> as one text file.

Packages with known problems or not considered mature enough to be candidates for stable are ''hard masked'' by one of the various package.mask files in /usr/portage/profiles, and such entries are generally accompanied by a comment from developers explaining the reason for the mask.

== Gentoo/Alt ==
Gentoo/Alt is a project created to manage porting the portage framework and other features to other [[operating system]]s, such as [[Mac OS X]] and the [[free software|free]] [[BSD]]s. Gentoo/Alt was set up by [[Pieter Van den Abeele]] and [[Daniel Robbins (computer programmer)|Daniel Robbins]] after Pieter Van den Abeele founded Gentoo for Mac OS X.
=== Mac OS X ===
Gentoo for [[Mac OS X]] was the first non-Linux project of Gentoo and focused on making the Gentoo experience available on [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]'s operating system by introducing the Portage system as a separate entity. This was roughly similar to [[Fink (software)|Fink]] and [[MacPorts]], but it used Portage instead of a Debian-like or Ports-like system. Later on, Gentoo for Mac OS X was made a subproject of Gentoo/Alt. The project is no longer active, because its prime assumption of using and not modifying the host OS appeared not to be realistic and eventually broke most packages or made them hardly maintainable. Gentoo for Mac OS X has been superseded by [[#Gentoo Prefix|Gentoo Prefix]], which is currently what Gentoo offers to Mac OS X users.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/gentoo-alt/macos/targets.xml |title=Gentoo for Mac OS X project targets |first1=Fabian |last1=Groffen |date=2005-12-15 |access-date=2017-07-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521131051/http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/gentoo-alt/macos/targets.xml |archive-date=2008-05-21}}</ref>

The Prefix project on Mac OS X is tested and supported on Mac OS X Tiger, Leopard and Snow Leopard on [[PowerPC]], [[IA-32]], and [[x86-64]] architectures.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/gentoo-alt/prefix/bootstrap-macos.xml |title=Gentoo Prefix Bootstrap Process for Mac OS X |first1=Fabian |last1=Groffen |date=2009-06-01 |access-date=2017-07-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719010149/http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/gentoo-alt/prefix/bootstrap-macos.xml |archive-date=2009-07-19 }}</ref>

=== FreeBSD ===
{{Infobox OS
| name = Gentoo/FreeBSD
| logo = [[image:Gentoo FreeBSD logo.svg|150px|Gentoo/FreeBSD logo]]
| screenshot = 
| caption = 
| website = [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Gentoo_FreeBSD Gentoo/FreeBSD]
| developer = [[Linux]]
| family = [[Unix-like]] ([[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]])
| source model = [[Open-source software|Open source]]
| latest release version = 
| latest release date = 
| latest test version = stage3 freebsd-9.1 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://distfiles.gentoo.org/experimental/bsd/freebsd/stages/amd64-fbsd-9.1/ |title=Index of /experimental/bsd/freebsd/stages/amd64-fbsd-9.1 |website=Distfiles.gentoo.org |date=2013-07-07 |access-date=2016-09-24 |archive-date=2016-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927005850/http://distfiles.gentoo.org/experimental/bsd/freebsd/stages/amd64-fbsd-9.1/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| latest test date = {{release date|2013|07|07}}
| marketing target = 
| language = 
| kernel type = [[Monolithic kernel|Monolithic]] (kFreeBSD)<ref name="gentoo-freebsd-wiki">{{cite web |url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Gentoo_FreeBSD |title=Gentoo FreeBSD |website=Gentoo Wiki |date=2018-08-20 |access-date=2019-03-06 |archive-date=2014-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106211205/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Gentoo_FreeBSD |url-status=live }}</ref>
| userland = FreeBSD<ref name="gentoo-freebsd-wiki" />
| ui = 
| license = Various
| working state = Discontinued<ref name="gentoo-freebsd-wiki" />
| updatemodel = 
| package manager = Portage
}}

Gentoo/FreeBSD brings the Gentoo Linux design, structure, and tools such as Portage and the Gentoo Linux base layout to the [[FreeBSD]] operating system. Gentoo's [[GNU toolchain]] is used instead of the original FreeBSD one.

Although the project is no longer maintained by any active Gentoo developers, there are instructions that allow installation of a full Gentoo/FreeBSD system.<ref name="gentoo-freebsd-wiki" /> FreeBSD system ebuilds are integrated into the main portage tree, but this port is far from being complete due to the amount of packages needing to be ported and the lack of a proper Live CD ([[FreeSBIE]]'s Live CD or FreeBSD setup CD is used during installation).

The current (semi) official logo for Gentoo/FreeBSD is a daemonized "g", derived from original [[Gentoo Linux]] logo and inspired by the [[BSD Daemon]]. It was designed by Marius Morawski, responding to an unofficial contest launched by Diego Elio Pettenò on his blog.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://flameeyes.blog/2005/07/16/not-so-official-gentoo-freebsd-artwork-contest/|title=Not-so-official Gentoo/FreeBSD artwork contest|last1=Pettenò|first1=Diego Elio|website=Flameeyes's Weblog|date=2005-07-16|access-date=2017-07-20|archive-date=2019-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419161730/https://flameeyes.blog/2005/07/16/not-so-official-gentoo-freebsd-artwork-contest/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== NetBSD ===
Gentoo/NetBSD is a project to provide a [[GNU]] [[userland (computing)|userland]] managed by Portage with a NetBSD kernel. The project was started by Damian Florczyk. Only the [[x86]] architecture is targeted and the system as a whole is in an incomplete state.

=== OpenBSD ===
{{Infobox OS
|name = Gentoo/OpenBSD
|logo = [[image:Gentoo OpenBSD logo.png|150px|Gentoo/OpenBSD logo]]
|screenshot =
|caption =
|website = [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Gentoo_OpenBSD Gentoo/OpenBSD]
|developer =
|family = [[Unix-like]] ([[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]])
|source model = [[Open-source software|Open source]]
|latest release version = Gentoo Prefix on OpenBSD
|latest release date = {{release date|2011|04|04}}
|latest test version =
|latest test date =
|marketing target =
|language =
|kernel type = [[Monolithic kernel|Monolithic]] (kOpenBSD)
|userland = OpenBSD
|ui =
|license = Various
|working state = Discontinued<ref>{{cite web | title=Gentoo OpenBSD - Gentoo wiki | url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Gentoo_OpenBSD }}</ref>
|updatemodel =
|package manager = Portage
}}
Gentoo/OpenBSD was a Gentoo/*BSD subproject to port Gentoo features such as Portage to the [[OpenBSD]] operating system. It was originally started by Grant Goodyear and is deprecated.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gentoo OpenBSD - Gentoo wiki |url=https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Gentoo_OpenBSD |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=wiki.gentoo.org}}</ref> An install guide is provided on the project page but is also marked as deprecated.

=== DragonFlyBSD ===
Gentoo/DragonFlyBSD is a currently{{when?|date=March 2018}} unofficial port to the [[DragonFlyBSD]] kernel. The project is developed by Robert Sebastian Gerus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/gentoo-alt/bsd/index.xml |title=Gentoo/*BSD |first1=Grant |last1=Goodyear |first2=Diego Elio |last2=Pettenò |date=2006-10-19 |access-date=2017-07-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228211859/http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/gentoo-alt/bsd/index.xml |archive-date=2007-12-28 }}</ref>

=== GNU Hurd ===
An unofficial port to [[GNU Hurd]] was also being developed,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mundurat.net/ggh/ |title=Gentoo GNU HURD |access-date=2017-07-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109161805/http://www.mundurat.net/ggh/ |archive-date=2010-01-09 }}</ref> but was abandoned in late 2006.

=== Android ===
Led by Benda Xu, "Gentoo RAP for [[Android (operating system)|Android]] Devices" installs a variant of Gentoo called Gentoo RAP in a directory prefix alongside Android.<ref name=androidofficial>{{cite web |url=http://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Android |title=Project:Android - Gentoo Wiki |website=Wiki.gentoo.org |date=2016-01-13 |access-date=2016-09-24 |archive-date=2016-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024223805/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Android |url-status=live }}</ref> The Linux kernel is used by both Android and Gentoo RAP.<ref name=androidofficial/>

=== Interix ===
Gentoo/Interix (eprefix) is a port of Gentoo that runs atop the [[Interix]] Subsystem for Windows which is also known as [[Windows Services for UNIX|Microsoft Windows Services for UNIX]] (SFU) or Subsystem for Unix-based Applications (SUA). A result of the Gentoo/Interix project is the ability to install and use the Portage system to emerge native Windows applications (requires Visual Studio, 2008 Express Edition will do too). However, this feature does not support the wide variety of packages supported by other platforms (including Interix).

=== Portaris ===
An unofficial port to the [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]] operating system, "Portaris", was announced around 2006, but never got into a public state. It was superseded by the Gentoo Prefix project.

===Plan 9===
Started in 2011 as a [[Google Summer of Code]] project, Plan 9 For Gentoo takes the Gentoo base and overlays a [[userspace]] inspired by [[Plan 9 from Bell Labs|Plan 9]].<ref name=plan9official>{{cite web|url=http://soc.dev.gentoo.org/~rps/plan9/ |title=Plan 9 From Gentoo: Plan 9 Meets Gentoo |first1=Robert |last1=Seaton |date=2011-08-01 |access-date=2017-07-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426011636/http://soc.dev.gentoo.org/~rps/plan9/ |archive-date=2012-04-26 }}</ref> The stated objectives of the project are to have better [[computer hardware|hardware]] support, better [[software]] support and to create a "culture shock" for people that have previously used [[Linux]] systems.<ref name=plan9official/> The project is maintained by Robert Seaton.<ref name=plan9official/>

==See also==
{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}
* [[pkgsrc]]
* [[List of Linux package management systems]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikidata property | P3499 }}
; Official documentation
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141231094259/http://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Working/Features Gentoo Portage Features] 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141231095024/http://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Working/Portage Gentoo Portage Introduction] 
* [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86#Working_with_Portage Working with Portage]
* [http://packages.gentoo.org/ Gentoo Packages], information about currently available ebuilds
; Unofficial documentation
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150712010306/https://gentoo-portage.com/ Gentoo-Portage]}}, alternative presentation of current ebuild information
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060529062641/http://wiki.kaspersandberg.com/doku.php?id=howtos:portage Using Portage]
* [http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=125553 Installing portage on other Linux distros]
; Similar software
* [http://freaknet.org/alpt/Emerde/ Emerde, portage-like project for Slackware]
* [https://github.com/pkgcore/pkgcore Pkgcore], bsd re-implementation of portage
* [http://paludis.exherbo.org/ Paludis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923085503/https://paludis.exherbo.org/ |date=2020-09-23 }}, a package manager which can be used with ebuilds and other formats
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Arch_Build_System Arch Build System] a ports-like system for [http://www.archlinux.org/ Arch Linux]

{{Linux package management systems}}
{{Package management systems}}

[[Category:Free package management systems]]
[[Category:Free software programmed in Python]]
[[Category:Gentoo Linux]]
[[Category:Linux package management-related software]]
[[Category:Software using the GNU General Public License]]