View source for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard

{{Short description|United States Navy shipyard in Maine}}
{{about|the U.S. naval shipyard near Portsmouth, New Hampshire|text="Portsmouth Navy Yard" redirects here. For the U.S. naval shipyard in Portsmouth, Virginia, see [[Norfolk Naval Shipyard]]. For the Royal Navy base in Hampshire, England, see [[HMNB Portsmouth]]}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox military installation 	
|name= Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
|location= [[Seavey's Island]], [[Kittery]], [[Maine]]	
|coordinates={{coord|43|4|44|N|70|44|3|W|display=inline,title}}
|image= Portsmouth Naval Shipyard.jpg
|image_size= 300px
|caption= Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in 2004
|type= Shipyard	
|built= {{start date and age|1800}}
|materials=	
|used= 1800–Present
|controlledby=	[[United States Navy]]
|open_to_public=No
|garrison= 
|current_commander= Capt. Michael Oberdorf (February 22 -present)
|commanders= 
|battles=
{{Infobox NRHP
| name                 = Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
| embed                = yes
| nrhp_type            = hd
| nocat                = yes
| image                =
| caption              =
| location             = Seavey Island, [[Kittery, Maine]]
| locmapin             = Maine#USA
| architect OR builder =
| architecture         = Colonial Revival, Greek Revival
| added                = November 17, 1977
| area                 = {{convert|54|acre}}
| refnum               = 77000141<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>
}} }}
The '''Portsmouth Naval Shipyard''' ('''PNS'''), often called the '''Portsmouth Navy Yard''', is a [[United States Navy]] [[shipyard]] on [[Seavey's Island]] in [[Kittery, Maine]], bordering [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire]]. The naval yard lies along the southern boundary of [[Maine]] on the [[Piscataqua River]].

Founded on June 12, 1800, PNS is the U.S. Navy's oldest continuously operating shipyard. Today, most of its work concerns the overhaul, repair, and modernization of [[submarine]]s.<ref>[http://www.navsea.navy.mil/Home/Shipyards/Portsmouth.aspx Home - Portsmouth Naval Shipyard]. Navsea.navy.mil (1939-05-23). Retrieved on 2014-05-24.</ref>

As of November 2021, the shipyard employed more than 6,500 federal employees.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-22|title=Nearly 2,000 Portsmouth Naval Shipyard workers are not vaccinated as federal mandate deadline arrives|url=https://www.mainepublic.org/health/2021-11-22/nearly-2-000-portsmouth-naval-shipyard-workers-are-not-vaccinated-as-federal-mandate-deadline-arrives|access-date=2022-01-07|website=Maine Public|language=en}}</ref> Some of the work is performed by private corporations: Delphinius Engineering of Eddystone, Pennsylvania; Oceaneering International of Chesapeake, Virginia; Orbis Sibro of Mount Pleasant, South Carolina; and Q.E.D. Systems Inc. of Virginia Beach, Virginia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contracts|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Contracts/|access-date=2021-10-06|website=U.S. Department of Defense|language=en-US}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Hygienic and medical reports (electronic resource) (1879) (14596917870).jpg|thumb|left|U.S. Navy yard at Kittery, Maine in 1808]]
[[File:United States Navy Yard at Portsmouth, NH.jpg|thumb|Shipyard in 1853]]
[[File:New Hampshire - Portsmouth - NARA - 23942479 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Aerial view of the shipyard in the 1930s]]
The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard was established on June 12, 1800, during the administration of President [[John Adams]]. It sits on a cluster of conjoined islands called [[Seavey's Island]] in the [[Piscataqua River]], whose swift tidal current prevents ice from blocking navigation to the [[Atlantic Ocean]].<ref name="fas.org">{{Cite web |url=https://fas.org/man/company/shipyard/portsmouth.htm |title=History of the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard |access-date=2016-02-13 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093838/http://fas.org/man/company/shipyard/portsmouth.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The area has a long tradition of [[shipbuilding]]. Since colonial settlement, [[New Hampshire]] and Maine forests provided [[lumber]] for wooden boat construction. {{HMS|Falkland|1696|6}}, considered the first [[Great Britain|British]] [[warship]] built in the [[Thirteen Colonies]], was commissioned here in 1696.  During the [[American Revolution|Revolution]], the {{USS|Raleigh|1776|2}} was built in 1776 on [[Badger's Island]] in Kittery, and became the first vessel to fly an [[American flag]] into battle. ''Raleigh'' has been depicted on the [[Seal of New Hampshire]] since 1784, even though she was captured and served in the British Navy. Other warships followed, including {{USS|Ranger|1777|2}} launched in 1777; Commanded by Captain [[John Paul Jones]], it became the first U. S. Navy vessel to receive an official salute at sea from a foreign power. The 36-gun frigate {{USS|Congress|1799|2}}, one of the first six frigates of the United States Navy, was built at the shipyard from 1795 to 1799.

In the 1790s,  [[Secretary of the Navy|Navy Secretary]] [[Benjamin Stoddert]] decided to build the first federal shipyard. He put it where a proven [[workforce]] had access to abundant raw materials: Fernald's Island, for which the government paid $5,500. To protect the new installation, old [[Fort William and Mary]] at the mouth of [[Portsmouth Harbor]] was rebuilt and renamed [[Fort Constitution]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OcoMAAAAYAAJ&dq=coolidge+mansfield+history+description+new+england+1859&pg=PA627 A. J. Coolidge & J. B. Mansfield, ''A History and Description of New England;'' Boston, Massachusetts 1859]</ref>

Commodore [[Isaac Hull]] was the first naval officer to command the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard; he led it from 1800 until 1802, and again in 1812 during the [[War of 1812]]. The yard's first product was the 74-gun [[ship of the line]] {{USS|Washington|1814|2}}, supervised by local master shipbuilder [[William Badger (shipbuilder)|William Badger]] and launched in 1814. [[Barracks]] were built in 1820, with [[U. S. Marine Corps|Marine]] barracks added in 1827. A hospital was established in 1834. Architect [[Alexander Parris]] was appointed chief [[engineer]] for the base. In 1838, the Franklin Shiphouse was completed: {{convert|240|ft}} long, {{convert|131|ft}} wide, and measuring {{convert|72|ft}} from floor to center of its ridgepole. It carried 130&nbsp;tons of [[slate]] on a [[gambrel]] roof. It was lengthened in 1854 to accommodate {{USS|Franklin|1864|2}} (from which it took its name); the largest wooden warship built at the yard, it required a decade to finish. The structure was considered one of the largest shiphouses in the country until it burned at 5&nbsp;a.m. on March 10, 1936. Perhaps the most famous vessel ever overhauled at the yard was {{USS|Constitution||2}}, also called "Old Ironsides," in 1855.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov">[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/legacies/NH/200003288.html Brief History of the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard]</ref>[[File:John D Sloat to SecNav 2 Nov 1842 re wages at Portsmouth NH shipyard, p 2.jpg|thumb|John D Sloat to SecNav 2 Nov 1842 re wages at Portsmouth NH shipyard, p 2]] On November 2, 1842, Commodore [[John Drake Sloat]] responded to a request by Navy  Secretary [[Abel P. Upshur]] for information about wages and working hours at the shipyard. Sloat said the "time of work is from sunrise until sunset, except when the sun rises before 7 o'clock or sets after 6 when they commence work at 7 and quit at 6 o clock, not exceeding 10 hours labor at any season of the year." He added that wages "are always fluctuating according to the demand for mechanics".<ref>Sloat to A.P.Upshur, 2 November 1842,pp.1-2, Letters Received by the Secretary of the Navy From Captains ("Captains Letters") 1805-1861, Volume 295,  1 Nov 1842 - 30 Nov 1842, Letter Number 21, RG 260, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.</ref>

[[File:Peace Treaty Building, Portsmouth Navy Yard.jpg|thumb|right|Treaty Building in 1912]]
[[Prisoners of war]] from the [[Spanish–American War]] were encamped in 1898 on the grounds of the base. In 1905, construction began on the [[Portsmouth Naval Prison]], a military prison dubbed "The Castle" because of its resemblance to a [[crenellation|crenellated]] [[castle]]. It was the principal prison for the Navy and Marine Corps, as well as housing for many German [[U-boat]] crews after capture, until it closed in 1974. Also in 1905, the Portsmouth Navy Yard hosted the [[Treaty of Portsmouth]] which ended the [[Russo-Japanese War]].<ref>[https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/ip/87725.htm Treaty of Portsmouth -- U.S. Department of State]</ref> For arranging the [[peace conference]], President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] won the 1906 [[Nobel Peace Prize]]. Delegates met in the General Stores Building, now the Administration Building (called Building 86). In 2005, a summer-long series of events marked the 100th anniversary of the signing of the treaty, including a visit by a Navy [[destroyer]], a parade, and a re-enactment of the arrival of [[diplomat]]s from the two nations.

[[File:USS-L8.jpg|thumb|left|{{USS|L-8|SS-48|2}} in 1917, the first submarine ever built by a U. S. navy yard]]
During [[World War I]], the shipyard began constructing [[submarine]]s, with {{USS|L-8|SS-48|2}} being the first ever built by a U. S. navy yard. Meanwhile, the base continued to overhaul and repair surface vessels. Consequently, the workforce grew to nearly 5,000 civilians. It grew to almost 25,000 civilians in [[World War II]] when over 70 submarines were constructed at the yard, with a record of 4 launched in a single day. When the war ended, the shipyard became the Navy's center for submarine design and development. In 1953, {{USS|Albacore|AGSS-569|2}} revolutionized submarine design around the world with its [[teardrop hull]] and round cross-section. It is now a museum and tourist attraction in Portsmouth. {{USS|Swordfish|SSN-579|2}}, the first [[nuclear power|nuclear-powered]] submarine built at the base, was launched in 1957. The last submarine built here was {{USS|Sand Lance|SSN-660|2}}, launched in 1969. Today the shipyard provides overhaul, refueling, and modernization work.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov" />

In 1965, [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] [[Robert McNamara]] ordered the closure of 95 military bases which included the Portsmouth Naval Yard, but Portsmouth received a ten-year extension before the order to close was ultimately rescinded by President [[Richard Nixon]] in 1971.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.seacoastonline.com/story/news/local/portsmouth-herald/2020/12/03/historic-portsmouth-shipyard-closure-irrevocable-1964/6474609002/ | title=Historic Portsmouth: Shipyard closure 'irrevocable' in 1964 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fosters.com/story/news/2005/05/29/case-not-closed-yet-yard/63080789007/ | title=Case not closed yet: Yard has fought off closure before }}</ref>

In the early years of submarine construction, the wood from [[lignum vitae]] tree logs was used for propeller shaft bearings. A small pond at Portsmouth, near the Naval Prison, was used to keep the lignum vitae logs submerged in water in order to prevent the wood from cracking. Although the use of wood was discontinued as construction techniques improved, many of the logs were still present during the construction of {{USS|Jack|SSN-605|6}} between 1963 and 1967.{{Citation needed|date=October 2019}}

The [[2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission]] placed the yard on a list for base closures, effective by 2008. Employees organized the Save Our Shipyard campaign to influence the committee to reverse its decision. On 24 August 2005, the base was taken off the list and continues operating under its motto, "From Sails to Atoms."<ref name="fas.org" />

The shipyard earned the Meritorious Unit Commendation in 2005. The MUC recognized the shipyard for meritorious service from September 11, 2001, to August 30, 2004. Portsmouth Naval Shipyard accomplishments achieved during that period included completion of six major submarine availabilities early, exceeding Net Operation Results financial goals, reducing injuries by more than 50 percent, and exceeding the Secretary of Defense's Fiscal Year 2006 Stretch Goal for lost workday compensation rates two years early.

In addition to the Navy presence, the United States Army New England Recruiting Battalion moved to PNSY in June 2010 from the closed [[Brunswick Naval Air Station|Naval Air Station Brunswick]]. The United States Coast Guard uses the Portsmouth Navy Yard as the home port for the medium-endurance cutters {{USCGC|Reliance|WMEC-615|2}}, {{USCGC|Tahoma|WMEC-908|2}}, and {{USCGC|Campbell|WMEC-909|2}}.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.uscg.mil/lantarea/cgcReliance/| title=USCGC RELIANCE| publisher=U.S. Coast Guard| access-date=December 17, 2019}}</ref>

PNS is undergoing substantial construction and infrastructure upgrades. In fiscal 2020, Navy contracts were issued to renovate the communications building,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contracts for September 21, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Contracts/Contract/Article/2355497//|access-date=2021-10-06|website=U.S. Department of Defense|language=en-US}}</ref> build a super flood basin and extend crane rails in Dry Dock 1,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contracts for November 21, 2019|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Contracts/Contract/Article/2023490//|access-date=2021-10-06|website=U.S. Department of Defense|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Contracts for December 27, 2019|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Contracts/Contract/Article/2047884//|access-date=2021-10-06|website=U.S. Department of Defense|language=en-US}}</ref> upgrade crane rails in Dry Dock 2,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contracts for June 24, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Contracts/Contract/Article/2231349//|access-date=2021-10-06|website=U.S. Department of Defense|language=en-US}}</ref> renovate Building 2,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contracts for November 20, 2019|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Contracts/Contract/Article/2022193//|access-date=2021-10-06|website=U.S. Department of Defense|language=en-US}}</ref> and implement sundry waterfront projects.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contracts for September 1, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Contracts/Contract/Article/2332888//|access-date=2021-10-06|website=U.S. Department of Defense|language=en-US}}</ref>

The summer of 2021 saw an uptick in construction contracts issued for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, including purchase and installation of three 12,000-gallon-per-minute dewatering pumps for the Dry Dock 1 extension,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contracts for July 9, 2021|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Contracts/Contract/Article/2689704//|access-date=2021-10-06|website=U.S. Department of Defense|language=en-US}}</ref> ongoing construction of the Dry Dock 2 complex,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contracts for August 30, 2021|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Contracts/Contract/Article/2757567//|access-date=2021-10-06|website=U.S. Department of Defense|language=en-US}}</ref> commencement of construction on the Virginia-class submarine waterfront support facility (Building 178),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contracts for August 5, 2021|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Contracts/Contract/Article/2721522//|access-date=2021-10-06|website=U.S. Department of Defense|language=en-US}}</ref> and a $1.73 billion contract for building a dry dock for maintenance and upgrade of Virginia-class submarines.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contracts for August 13, 2021|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Contracts/Contract/Article/2731599//|access-date=2021-10-06|website=U.S. Department of Defense|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Superfund site ==
In 1994, the shipyard was placed on the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] National Priorities List (NPL) for environmental investigations/restorations under CERCLA ([[Superfund (environmental law)|Superfund]]) after an investigation found groundwater, soil and sediment contamination with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), metals and benzene. In 2024, the EPA removed the shipyard from the National Priorities List of contaminated Superfund. The removal followed 30 years of extensive remediation at the 278-acre shipyard, including the removal of contaminated soil, sediment and other hazardous materials.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bouchard |first=Kelly |date=2024-02-17 |title=Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery no longer listed as contaminated Superfund site |url=https://www.pressherald.com/2024/02/17/portsmouth-naval-shipyard-in-kittery-no-longer-listed-as-superfund-site/ |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Portland Press Herald}}</ref>

==Boundary dispute==
{{Main|Piscataqua River border dispute}}
New Hampshire laid claim to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard until the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] dismissed the case in 2001, asserting [[judicial estoppel]].<ref>''Yard in Maine'', Portsmouth Herald, 30 May 2001. {{cite web |url=http://www.seacoastonline.com/2001news/5_30a.htm |title=Portsmouth Herald Local News: Yard in Maine |access-date=2006-11-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050327013608/http://www.seacoastonline.com/2001news/5_30a.htm |archive-date=2005-03-27 }}</ref> Had it been found to belong to New Hampshire, base employees (and their spouses regardless of whether they themselves worked in Maine) from that state would no longer be required to pay Maine income tax. Despite the court's ruling, New Hampshire's 2006 Session House Joint Resolution 1 reaffirmed its sovereignty assertion over Seavey's Island<ref>[http://gencourt.state.nh.us/legislation/2006/hjr0001.html hjr 0001<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and the base.

== Safety concerns ==
A [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]] / [[National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|NIOSH]] study released in 2005 examined the cases of 115 employees at the shipyard who had died of [[leukemia]] between 1952 and 1992. The results suggested that leukemia mortality risk increased with increasing cumulative occupational [[ionizing radiation]] dose among PNS workers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2005-104/|title=A Nested Case-Control Study of Leukemia and Ionizing Radiation at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (2005-104)|date=June 6, 2014|website=CDC - NIOSH Publications and Products -|access-date=2016-07-15}}</ref>

==Dry docks and slipways==
{| class="wikitable" 
|-
!  style="text-align: center;" | Dock No.
! Material of which dock is constructed !! Length !! Width !! Depth !! Date Completed !! Source
|-
! style="text-align: center;" | 1 
| Concrete
| {{convert|435|ft|3|in|m}}
| {{convert|104|ft|m}}
| {{convert|25|ft|m}}
| style="text-align: center;" | 1942
|rowspan=3|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tamug-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/1969.3/29744/drydock_facilities_characteristics.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|title=Drydocking Facilities Characteristics}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align: center;" | 2
| Concrete and granite
| {{convert|686|ft|5|in|m}}
| {{convert|129|ft|m}}
| {{convert|30|ft|4|in|m}}
| style="text-align: center;" | 1905
|-
! style="text-align: center;" | 3
| Concrete
| {{convert|486|ft|m}}
| {{convert|71|ft|m}}
| {{convert|37|ft|m}}
| style="text-align: center;" | 1962
|}

{| class="wikitable" 
|-
! colspan="4"| January 1, 1946
|-
!  style="text-align: left;" | Shipbuilding ways
! Width !! Length !! Source
|-
! style="text-align: center;" | 1
| {{convert|48|ft|m}}
| {{convert|369|ft|m}}
|rowspan=5|<ref name=Fassett>{{cite book|last1=Gardiner Fassett|first1=Frederick|title=The Shipbuilding Business in the United States of America|date=1948|publisher=[[Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers]]|page=177}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align: center;" | 2
| {{convert|46|ft|6|in|m}}
| {{convert|369|ft|m}}
|-
! style="text-align: center;" | 3
| {{convert|46|ft|6|in|m}}
| {{convert|369|ft|m}}
|-
! style="text-align: center;" | 4
| {{convert|52|ft|m}}
| {{convert|369|ft|m}}
|-
! style="text-align: center;" | 5
| .....
| {{convert|324|ft|m}}
|}

==Notable ships built at shipyard predecessors==
'''[[Piscataqua River|Piscataqua River region]]'''
* 1690 — [[HMS Falkland (1696)|HMS ''Falkland'']] - (50-gun [[fourth-rate]])<ref name="alden92">Alden 1964 p. 92</ref>
* 1696 — HMS ''Bedford Galley'' - (32-gun [[fifth-rate]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1749 — HMS ''America'' - (60-gun [[fourth-rate]])<ref name="alden92"/>

'''[[Badger's Island]]'''
* 1776 — {{USS|Raleigh|1776|2}} - (32-gun [[frigate]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1777 — {{USS|Ranger|1777|2}} - (18-gun [[sloop-of-war]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1782 — {{USS|America|1782|2}} - (74-gun [[ship of the line]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1791 — {{USRC|Scammel|1791|2}} - ([[revenue cutter]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1797 — {{USS|Crescent||2}} - (36-gun [[frigate]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1798 — {{USS|Portsmouth|1798|2}} - (24-gun [[sloop-of-war]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1799 — {{USS|Congress|1799|2}} - (38-gun [[frigate]])<ref name="alden92"/>

==Notable ships built at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard==
[[File:USS Washington in 1814-by-John-S-Blunt.jpg|thumb|right|345px|The launch of the {{USS|Washington|1814|2}}, the shipyard's first new construction, on October 1, 1814, with {{USS|Congress|1799|3}} in attendance. Painting attributed to John Samuel Blunt (1798–1835).<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.historicnewengland.org/explore/collections-access/gusn/2668/| title=Launching of the USS Washington| publisher=Historic New England| access-date=February 20, 2018}}</ref>]]
[[File:USS Congress & USS Susquehanna at Naples.jpg|thumb|right|345px|{{USS|Congress|1841|3}} (right) and {{USS|Susquehanna|1850|2}} at [[Naples]], painted in 1857, by Tommaso de Simone]]

* 1814 — {{USS|Washington|1814|2}} - (74-gun [[ship of the line]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1820 — {{USS|Porpoise|1820|2}} - (11-gun [[schooner]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1828 — {{USS|Concord|1828|2}} - (24-gun [[sloop-of-war]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1839 — {{USS|Preble|1839|2}} - (20-gun [[sloop-of-war]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1841 — {{USS|Congress|1841|2}} - (50-gun [[frigate]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1842 — {{USS|Saratoga|1842|2}} - (24-gun [[sloop-of-war]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1843 — {{USS|Portsmouth|1843|2}} - (24-gun [[sloop-of-war]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1848 — {{USS|Saranac|1848|2}} - (steam sloop)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1855 — {{USS|Santee|1855|2}} - (44-gun [[frigate]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1855 — [[List of lightships of the United States|LV-1]] - [[Lightship Nantucket|Lightship ''Nantucket'']]<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1859 — {{USS|Mohican|1859|2}} - (steam sloop)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1861 — {{USS|Kearsarge|1861|2}} - (steam sloop)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1861 — {{USS|Ossipee|1861|2}} - (steam sloop)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1861 — {{USS|Sebago|1861|2}} - (side-wheel steam gunboat)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1861 — {{USS|Mahaska|1861|2}} - (side-wheel steam gunboat)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1862 — {{USS|Sonoma|1862|2}} - (side-wheel steam gunboat)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1862 — {{USS|Conemaugh|1862|2}} - (side-wheel steam gunboat)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1862 — {{USS|Sassacus|1862|2}} - (side-wheel steam gunboat)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1862 — {{USS|Sacramento|1862|2}} - (steam sloop)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1863 — {{USS|Nipsic|1863|2}} - (steam gunboat)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1863 — {{USS|Shawmut|1863|2}} - (steam gunboat)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1863 — {{USS|Agamenticus|1863|2}} - ([[Miantonomoh-class monitor]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1864 — {{USS|New Hampshire|1864|2}} - (74-gun [[ship of the line]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1864 — {{USS|Contoocook|1864|2}} - (steam sloop)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1864 — {{USS|Franklin|1864|2}} - (steam frigate)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1864 — {{USS|Pawtuxet||2}} - (side-wheel steam gunboat)<ref name="danfs_pawtuxet">{{cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/p3/pawtuxet.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040314161858/http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/p3/pawtuxet.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 14, 2004 |title=Pawtuxet |work=Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships |publisher=Naval History and Heritage Command |access-date=6 September 2011}}</ref>
* 1864 — {{USS|Blue Light|1863|2}} - ([[tugboat]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1864 — {{USS|Port Fire|1864|2}} - ([[tugboat]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1865 — {{USS|Resaca|1865|2}} - (steam gunboat)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1866 — {{USS|Piscataqua|1866|2}} - (steam frigate)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1867 — {{USS|Minnetonka|1867|2}} - (steam frigate)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1868 — {{USS|Benicia|1868|2}} - (steam sloop)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1874 — {{USS|Enterprise|1874|2}} - (steam sloop)<ref name="alden92"/>
[[File:USS S-13 in port.jpg|thumb|right|345px|"Government type" S-class submarine {{USS|S-13|SS-118|2}}]]
* 1905 — {{USS|Boxer|1905|2}} - ([[Brigantine|training brigantine]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1908 — {{USS|Patapsco|AT-10|2}} - ([[tugboat]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1917 — {{USS|L-8|SS-48|2}} - ([[United States L-class submarine]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1918 — {{USS|O-1|SS-62|2}} - ([[United States O-class submarine]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1918 — {{USS|S-3|SS-107|2}} - ([[United States S-class submarine]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1919 — {{USS|S-4|SS-109|2}} - ([[United States S-class submarine]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1919 — {{USS|S-5|SS-110|2}} - ([[United States S-class submarine]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1919 — {{USS|S-6|SS-111|2}} - ([[United States S-class submarine]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1920 — {{USS|S-7|SS-112|2}} - ([[United States S-class submarine]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1920 — {{USS|S-8|SS-113|2}} - ([[United States S-class submarine]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1920 — {{USS|S-9|SS-114|2}} - ([[United States S-class submarine]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1920 — {{USS|S-10|SS-115|2}} - ([[United States S-class submarine]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1921 — {{USS|S-11|SS-116|2}} - ([[United States S-class submarine]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1921 — {{USS|S-12|SS-117|2}} - ([[United States S-class submarine]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1921 — {{USS|S-13|SS-118|2}} - ([[United States S-class submarine]])<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1924 — {{USS|Barracuda|SS-163|2}} - (diesel submarine)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1924 — {{USS|Bass|SS-164|2}} - (diesel submarine)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1924 — {{USS|Bonita|SS-165|2}} - (diesel submarine)<ref name="alden92"/>
* 1928 — {{USS|Argonaut|SM-1|2}} - (diesel submarine minelayer)<ref name="alden92"/> 3 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols<ref name="blair">Blair(1975)pp.875-957</ref>
* 1929 — {{USS|Narwhal|SS-167|2}} - (diesel [[cruiser submarine|submarine cruiser]])<ref name="alden92"/> sank 6 ships in 15 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols<ref name="blair"/>
* 1932 — {{USS|Dolphin|SS-169|2}} - (diesel submarine)<ref name="alden92"/> 3 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols<ref name="blair"/>
* 1933 — {{USS|Cachalot|SS-170|2}} - (diesel submarine)<ref name="alden92"/> 3 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols<ref name="blair"/> [[File:USSCachalotLaunch.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Souvenir of the launch of the [[USS Cachalot (SS-170)|USS ''Cacholot'']]]]
* 1934 — {{USCGC|Hudson|WYT-87|2}} - ([[List of United States Coast Guard cutters|USCG ''Calumet''-class harbor tug]])<ref name="fahey">Fahey 1941 p. 43</ref>
* 4 of 10 {{sclass|United States Porpoise|submarine}}s <ref name="alden92"/><ref name="blair"/>
** 1935 — {{USS|Porpoise|SS-172|2}} - sank 2 ships in 6 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1935 — {{USS|Pike|SS-173|2}} - sank 1 ship in 8 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1936 — {{USS|Plunger|SS-179|2}} - sank 13 ships in 12 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1936 — {{USS|Pollack|SS-180|2}} - sank 11 ships in 11 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
* 2 of 6 {{sclass|Salmon|submarine}}s
** 1937 — {{USS|Snapper|SS-185|2}} - sank 4 ships in 11 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1937 — {{USS|Stingray|SS-186|2}} - sank 2 ships in 16 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
* 4 of 10 {{sclass|Sargo|submarine}}s <ref name="alden92"/><ref name="blair"/>
** 1938 — {{USS|Sculpin|SS-191|2}} -  sank 3 ships in 9 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1939 — {{USS|Sailfish|SS-192|2}} - sank 7 ships in 12 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1939 — {{USS|Searaven|SS-196|2}} - sank 3 ships in 13 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1939 — {{USS|Seawolf|SS-197|2}} - sank 18 ships in 15 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
* 4 of 12 {{sclass|Tambor|submarine}}s <ref name="alden92"/><ref name="blair"/>
** 1940 — {{USS|Triton|SS-201|2}} - sank 11 ships in 6 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1940 — {{USS|Trout|SS-202|2}} - sank 12 ships in 11 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1940 — {{USS|Grayling|SS-209|2}} - sank 2 ships in 8 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1940 — {{USS|Grenadier|SS-210|2}} - sank 1 ship in 6 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
* 1 of 2 {{sclass|Mackerel|submarine}}s <ref name="blair"/>
** 1941 — {{USS|Marlin|SS-205|2}}
* 14 of 77 {{sclass|Gato|submarine}}s <ref name="alden92"/><ref name="blair"/>
** 1941 — {{USS|Drum|SS-228|2}} - sank 12 ships in 13 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1941 — {{USS|Flying Fish|SS-229|2}} - sank 15 ships in 12 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1941 — {{USS|Finback|SS-230|2}} - sank 11 ships in 12 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1941 — {{USS|Haddock|SS-231|2}} - sank 8 ships in 13 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1941 — {{USS|Halibut|SS-232|2}} - sank 12 ships in 10 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1942 — {{USS|Herring|SS-233|2}} - sank 6 ships in 5 [[Atlantic]] and 3 [[Pacific]] [[World War II]] patrols
** 1942 — {{USS|Kingfish|SS-234|2}} - sank 14 ships in 12 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1942 — {{USS|Shad|SS-235|2}} - sank 3 ships in 11 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1942 — {{USS|Runner|SS-275|2}} - 3 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1942 — {{USS|Sawfish|SS-276|2}} - sank 6 ships in 10 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1942 — {{USS|Scamp|SS-277|2}} - sank 5 ships in 8 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1942 — {{USS|Scorpion|SS-278|2}} - sank 4 ships in 4 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1942 — {{USS|Snook|SS-279|2}} - sank 17 ships in 9 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1942 — {{USS|Steelhead|SS-280|2}} - sank 4 ships in 7 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
[[File:USS Balao SS-285.jpg|thumb|right|250px|{{USS|Balao|SS-285|2}} was the first fleet submarine with a stronger pressure hull]]
* 42 of 120 {{sclass|Balao|submarine}}s <ref name="alden92"/><ref name="alden93">Alden 1964 p. 93</ref><ref name="blair"/>
** 1942 — {{USS|Balao|SS-285|2}} - sank 6 ships in 10 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1942 — {{USS|Billfish|SS-286|2}} - sank 3 ships in 8 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1942 — {{USS|Bowfin|SS-287|2}} - sank 16 ships in 9 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1942 — {{USS|Cabrilla|SS-288|2}} - sank 7 ships in 8 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1942 — {{USS|Capelin|SS-289|2}} - sank 1 ship in 1 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrol
** 1942 — {{USS|Cisco|SS-290|2}} - 1 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrol
** 1943 — {{USS|Crevalle|SS-291|2}} - sank 8 ships in 7 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1943 — {{USS|Apogon|SS-308|2}} - sank 3 ships in 8 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1943 — {{USS|Aspro|SS-309|2}} - sank 6 ships in 7 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1943 — {{USS|Batfish|SS-310|2}} - sank 6 ships in 7 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
[[File:USS Archerfish;0831110.jpg|thumb|right|250px|{{USS|Archerfish|SS-311|2}} sank the [[Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano|Japanese aircraft carrier ''Shinano'']] - the largest warship ever sunk by a submarine]]
** 1943 — {{USS|Archerfish|SS-311|2}} - sank 2 ships in 7 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1943 — {{USS|Burrfish|SS-312|2}} - sank 1 ship in 6 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1943 — {{USS|Sand Lance|SS-381|2}} - sank 10 ships in 5 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1943 — {{USS|Picuda|SS-382|2}} - sank 13 ships in 6 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1943 — {{USS|Pampanito|SS-383|2}} - sank 5 ships in 6 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1943 — {{USS|Parche|SS-384|2}} - sank 8 ships in 6 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1943 — {{USS|Bang|SS-385|2}} - sank 8 ships in 6 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1943 — {{USS|Pilotfish|SS-386|2}} - 6 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1943 — {{USS|Pintado|SS-387|2}} - sank 8 ships in 6 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1943 — {{USS|Pipefish|SS-388|2}} - sank 2 ships in 6 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1943 — {{USS|Piranha|SS-389|2}} - sank 2 ships in 5 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1943 — {{USS|Plaice|SS-390|2}} - sank 4 ships in 6 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1943 — {{USS|Pomfret|SS-391|2}} - sank 4 ships in 6 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1943 — {{USS|Sterlet|SS-392|2}} - sank 4 ships in 5 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1943 — {{USS|Queenfish|SS-393|2}} - sank 8 ships in 5 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Razorback|SS-394|2}} - 5 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Redfish|SS-395|2}} - sank 5 ships in 2 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Ronquil|SS-396|2}} - sank 2 ships in 5 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Scabbardfish|SS-397|2}} - 5 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Segundo|SS-398|2}} - sank 2 ships in 5 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Sea Cat|SS-399|2}} - 2 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Sea Devil|SS-400|2}} - sank 5 ships in 5 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Sea Dog|SS-401|2}} - sank 9 ships in 4 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Sea Fox|SS-402|2}} - <ref>Alden 1964 p.&nbsp;93</ref> 4 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Atule|SS-403|2}} - sank 6 ships in 4 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Spikefish|SS-404|2}} - sank 1 ship in 4 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Sea Owl|SS-405|2}} - sank 2 ships in 3 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Sea Poacher|SS-406|2}} - 4 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Sea Robin|SS-407|2}} - sank 6 ships in 3 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Sennet|SS-408|2}} - sank 7 ships in 4 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Piper|SS-409|2}} - 3 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Threadfin|SS-410|2}} - sank 3 ships in 3 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
* 24 of 29 {{sclass|Tench|submarine}}s <ref name="alden93"/><ref name="blair"/>
** 1944 — {{USS|Tench|SS-417|2}} - sank 4 ships in 3 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Thornback|SS-418|2}} - 1 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrol
** 1944 — {{USS|Tigrone|SS-419|2}} - 2 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Tirante|SS-420|2}} - sank 8 ships in 2 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Trutta|SS-421|2}} - 2 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Toro|SS-422|2}} - 2 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Torsk|SS-423|2}} - sank 3 ships in 2 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Quillback|SS-424|2}} - 1 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrol
** 1944 — {{USS|Argonaut|SS-475|2}} - sank 1 ship in 1 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrol
** 1944 — {{USS|Runner|SS-476|2}} - sank 1 ship in 2 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrols
** 1944 — {{USS|Conger|SS-477|2}}
** 1944 — {{USS|Cutlass|SS-478|2}} - 1 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrol
** 1944 — {{USS|Diablo|SS-479|2}} - 1 [[World War II]] [[Pacific]] patrol
** 1944 — {{USS|Medregal|SS-480|2}}
** 1945 — {{USS|Requin|SS-481|2}}
** 1945 — {{USS|Irex|SS-482|2}}
** 1945 — {{USS|Sea Leopard|SS-483|2}}
** 1945 — {{USS|Odax|SS-484|2}}
** 1945 — {{USS|Sirago|SS-485|2}}
** 1945 — {{USS|Pomodon|SS-486|2}}
** 1945 — {{USS|Remora|SS-487|2}}
** 1945 — {{USS|Sarda|SS-488|2}}
** 1945 — {{USS|Spinax|SS-489|2}}
** 1945 — {{USS|Volador|SS-490|2}}
* 1951 — {{USS|Tang|SS-563|2}} - ([[Tang-class submarine|diesel submarine]])<ref name="alden93"/>
* 1951 — {{USS|Wahoo|SS-565|2}} - ([[Tang-class submarine|diesel submarine]])<ref name="alden93"/>
[[File:Uss albacore.jpg|thumb|right|345px|{{USS|Albacore|AGSS-569|2}} pioneered the hull shape of modern United States submarines]]
* 1951 — {{USS|Gudgeon|SS-567|2}} - ([[Tang-class submarine|diesel submarine]])<ref name="alden93"/>
* 1953 — {{USS|Albacore|AGSS-569|2}} - (experimental diesel submarine)<ref name="alden93"/>
* 1955 — {{USS|Sailfish|SSR-572|2}} - (RADAR picket submarine)<ref name="alden93"/>
* 1956 — {{USS|Salmon|SSR-573|2}} - (RADAR picket submarine)<ref name="alden93"/>
* 1958 — {{USS|Growler|SSG-577|2}} - (guided missile diesel submarine)<ref name="alden93"/>
* 1958 — {{USS|Swordfish|SSN-579|2}} - ([[Skate-class submarine|nuclear submarine]])<ref name="alden93"/>
* 1958 — {{USS|Barbel|SS-580|2}} - ([[Barbel-class submarine|fast diesel submarine]])<ref name="alden93"/>
* 1958 — {{USS|Seadragon|SSN-584|2}} - ([[Skate-class submarine|nuclear submarine]])<ref name="alden93"/>
* 1960 — {{USS|Thresher|SSN-593|2}} - ([[Thresher-class submarine|nuclear fast attack submarine]])<ref name="alden93"/>
* 1960 — {{USS|Abraham Lincoln|SSBN-602|2}} - ([[George Washington-class submarine|nuclear ballistic missile submarine]])<ref name="alden93"/>
* 1963 — {{USS|Jack|SSN-605|2}} - ([[Permit-class submarine|nuclear fast attack submarine]])<ref name="alden93"/>
* 1961 — {{USS|Tinosa|SSN-606|2}} - ([[Permit-class submarine|nuclear fast attack submarine]])<ref name="alden93"/>
* 1963 — {{USS|John Adams|SSBN-620|2}} - ([[Lafayette-class submarine|nuclear ballistic missile submarine]])<ref name="alden93"/>
* 1964 — {{USS|Nathanael Greene|SSBN-636|2}} - ([[Lafayette-class submarine|nuclear ballistic missile submarine]])<ref name="alden93"/>
* 1967 — {{USS|Grayling|SSN-646|2}} - ([[Sturgeon-class submarine|nuclear fast attack submarine]])<ref name="janes466">Blackman 1970-71 p. 466</ref>
* 1968 — {{USS|Dolphin|AGSS-555|2}} - (experimental diesel submarine)<ref name="janes476">Blackman 1970-71 p. 476</ref>
* 1969 — {{USS|Sand Lance|SSN-660|2}} - ([[Sturgeon-class submarine|nuclear fast attack submarine]])<ref name="janes466"/>

==See also==
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in York County, Maine]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Sources==
* Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Museum & Research Library (Building 31)
* {{cite conference|author=Alden, John, CDR USN |title=Portsmouth Naval Shipyard |publisher=[[Proceedings (magazine)|United States Naval Institute Proceedings]] |date=November 1964}}
* {{cite book| title=Jane's Fighting Ships |author=Blackman, Raymond V.B. |publisher=Jane's Yearbooks |year=1970–71}}
* {{cite book| title=Silent Victory volume 2 |author=Blair, Clay Jr. |publisher=J.B. Lippincott |year=1975}}
* {{cite book| title=The Ships and Aircraft of the U.S. Fleet, Two-Ocean Fleet Edition |author=Fahey, James C. |author-link=James Charles Fahey |publisher=Ships and Aircraft |year=1941}}
* {{cite conference|author=Switzer, David C. |title=Down-East Ships of the Union Navy |publisher=[[Proceedings (magazine)|United States Naval Institute Proceedings]] |date=November 1964}}
* {{cite book| title=32 in '44: Building the Portsmouth Submarine Fleet in World War II| author=Watterson, Rodney K.| publisher=Naval Institute Press| year=2011| pages=208| isbn=978-1591149538}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Portsmouth Naval Shipyard}}
* [https://www.navsea.navy.mil/Home/Shipyards/Portsmouth/Portsmouth/ Naval Shipyard official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140820042932/http://www.ussalbacore.org/ ''USS Albacore'' Museum]

{{Navboxes
|list =
{{US Navy navbox}}
{{York County, Maine}}
{{National Register of Historic Places}}
{{MEMilitary}}
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[[Category:United States Navy shipyards]]
[[Category:Shipyards of Maine]]
[[Category:Military installations in Maine]]
[[Category:Military Superfund sites]]
[[Category:Economic history of Maine]]
[[Category:Military history of Maine]]
[[Category:History of New Hampshire]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kittery, Maine]]
[[Category:Superfund sites in Maine]]
[[Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine]]
[[Category:1800 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in York County, Maine]]
[[Category:Shipyards on the National Register of Historic Places]]
[[Category:Shipyards building World War II warships]]
[[Category:Former submarine builders]]
[[Category:Military installations established in 1800]]