View source for Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges

{{Short description|1438 Edict of Charles VII of France limiting Papal authority in France}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2012}}
[[File:Karel VII 1444.png|thumb|[[Charles VII of France]] in a 1444 depiction.]]
The '''[[Pragmatic sanction|Pragmatic Sanction]] of Bourges''', issued by King [[Charles VII of France]], on 7 July 1438,{{sfn|Stieber|1978|p=40}} required a General Church Council, with authority superior to that of the [[papacy]], to be held every ten years,{{sfn|Knecht|2007|p=75}} required election rather than appointment to ecclesiastical offices,{{sfn|Müller|2021|p=88}} prohibited the pope from bestowing and profiting from [[benefice]]s, and forbade appeals to the [[Roman Curia]] from places further than two days' journey from Rome. The Pragmatic Sanction further stipulated that [[interdict]] could not be placed on cities unless the entire community was culpable.{{sfn|Ehler|Morrall|1954|p=134}} The king accepted many of the decrees of the [[Council of Basel]] without endorsing its efforts to coerce [[Pope Eugene IV]].

The [[Catholic Church in France|Catholic Church of France]], in the eyes of some, declared administrative independence from the church in Rome. The  Catholic Church of France suppressed the payment of [[annates]] to Rome and forbade papal intervention in the appointment of French prelates. While this resulted in a loss of papal power in France, the movement of conciliarists itself was divided. In 1449, the [[Council of Basel]] was dissolved, and the [[Conciliarism|Concilliar movement]] suffered a nearly fatal blow.

The popes, especially [[Pius II]] ({{reign|1458|64}}), lobbied the French clergy to seek the repeal of the Pragmatic Sanction,{{sfn|Wagner|2018|p=11}} and the French crown used promises of repeal as an inducement to the papacy to embrace policies favoring its interests, especially its military campaigns in the Italian peninsula.{{sfn|Knecht|1982|p=52}} The Pragmatic Sanction was eventually superseded by agreements made between the French crown and Rome, especially the 1516 [[Concordat of Bologna]].{{sfn|Wagner|2018|p=11}}__NOTOC__

==See also==
*[[Gallicanism]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |title=Church and State Through the Centuries: A Collection of historic documents with commentaries  |editor-first1=Sidney Z. |editor-last1=Ehler |editor-first2=John B. |editor-last2=Morrall |publisher=Biblo and Tannen  |year=1954  |chapter=IV: The Conciliar Period and the Age of Discovery }}
*{{cite book |last=Knecht |first=Robert J. |title=Francis I |publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge |year=1982 }}
*{{cite book |title=The Valois: Kings of France 1328-1589 |first=Robert J. |last=Knecht |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |year=2007 }}
*{{cite book |title=From the Cloister to the State: Fontevraud and the Making of Bourbon France, 1642-1100 |first=Annalena |last=Müller |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2021 }}
*{{cite book |title=Pope Eugenius IV, the Council of Basel and the Secular and Ecclesiastical Authorities in the Empire: The Conflict Over Supreme Authority and Power in the Church |first=Joachim W. |last=Stieber |publisher=Brill|location=Leiden |year=1978 }}
*{{cite book |title=Documents of the Reformation |first=John A. |last=Wagner |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2018 }}

==Further reading==
* Noël Valois, ''Histoire de la Pragmatique sanction de Bourges sous Charles VII'' (Paris: Picard, 1906).

== External links ==
*{{cite CE1913 |wstitle=Pragmatic Sanction |short=x}}

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[[Category:History of Catholicism in France]]
[[Category:Religion in the Ancien Régime]]
[[Category:1438 in Europe]]
[[Category:1430s in France]]
[[Category:Christianity and law in the 15th century]]


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