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{{Short description|Play written by Noël Coward}}
{{italic title}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
[[File:Present Laughter.jpg|right|thumb|250px|[[James Donald]] (Roland) and [[Noël Coward]] (Garry) in the original production of ''Present Laughter'']]
'''''Present Laughter''''' is a comic play written by [[Noël Coward]] in 1939 but not produced until 1942 because the [[Second World War]] began while it was in rehearsal, and the British theatres closed. The title is drawn from a song in Shakespeare's ''[[Twelfth Night]]'' that urges ''[[carpe diem]]'' ("present mirth hath present laughter"). The play has been frequently revived in Britain, the US and beyond.

The plot depicts a few days in the life of the successful and self-obsessed light comedy actor Garry Essendine as he prepares to travel for a touring commitment in Africa. Amid a series of events bordering on [[farce]], Garry has to deal with women who want to seduce him, placate both his long-suffering secretary and his wife, cope with a crazed young playwright, and overcome his impending [[mid-life crisis]] (he has recently turned forty). The character is a caricature of the author's real-life persona, as Coward acknowledged.

Coward starred as Garry during the original run, which began with a long provincial tour to accommodate wartime audiences. He reprised the role in the first British revival and later in the United States and Paris. Subsequent productions have featured [[Albert Finney]], [[Peter O'Toole]], [[Donald Sinden]], [[Ian McKellen]], [[Simon Callow]] and [[Andrew Scott (actor)|Andrew Scott]], and in the United States [[Clifton Webb]], [[Douglas Fairbanks Jr.]], [[George C. Scott]], [[Frank Langella]] and [[Kevin Kline]].<!-- Please DO NOT ADD any names to this list without first forming a [[WP:CONSENSUS]] on the Talk page to do so.  Other bluelinked actors who have been featured in noteworthy productions should be mentioned below, not in the Lead section. -->

==Background==
In April and May 1939  [[Noël Coward]] wrote two contrasting comedies, both with titles drawn from [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]].<ref name=cmm/> One, ''[[This Happy Breed]]'', was set in a modest suburban household; the other, originally titled ''Sweet Sorrow'', later ''Present Laughter'', depicted the affairs of a star actor. The title "Present Laughter" is drawn from the song "[[O Mistress Mine]]" in ''[[Twelfth Night]]'', Act 2, Scene 3, which urges ''[[carpe diem]]'' ("present mirth hath present laughter").{{refn|The word ''present'' in the title is pronounced as the adjective {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|r|ɛ|z|ən|t}}, and not the verb {{IPAc-en|p|r|ᵻ|ˈ|z|ɛ|n|t}}.<ref>Shakespeare, p. 708</ref> "This happy breed", referring to the English nation, is a quotation from  ''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]'', Act 2, Scene 1;<ref>Shakespeare, p. 360</ref> "sweet sorrow" is from ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'', Act 2, Scene 2.<ref>Shakespeare, p. 327</ref>|group=n}} The plot of ''Present Laughter'' had been forming in Coward's mind over the previous three years, but he recalled in his memoirs that once he began writing it, the play was completed in six days.<ref>Coward (1954), p. 212</ref> He described it as "a very light comedy ... written with the sensible object of providing me with a bravura part".<ref>Coward (1979), unnumbered introductory page</ref> He planned to appear in both the new plays in the autumn of 1939, and they were in rehearsal for a pre-London tour when the [[Second World War]] began on 2 September; all theatres were closed by government order, and the production was shelved.<ref name=cmm>Coward (1954), p. 15; and Mander and Mitchenson, p. 353</ref>

Between the outbreak of war and 1942 Coward worked for the British government, first in its Paris propaganda office and then for the secret service.<ref name=dnb>Hoare, Philip. [https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-30976 "Coward, Sir Noël Peirce (1899–1973), playwright and composer"], ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2019 {{ODNBsub}}</ref> In 1942 the prime minister,  [[Winston Churchill]], told Coward that he would do more good for the war effort by entertaining the troops and the home front: "Go and sing to them when the guns are firing – that's your job!"<ref>Morley (1974), p. 246</ref> Though disappointed, Coward followed this advice. He toured, acted and sang indefatigably in Europe, Africa and Asia.<ref>Morley (2005), pp. 76–77</ref>

==Original production==
''Present Laughter'' was first staged at the beginning of a 25-week tour of Britain by Coward and his cast. His producer, [[Binkie Beaumont]], was opposed to so long a provincial tour, and wanted to open at the [[Haymarket Theatre]] in London. Coward countered that in wartime conditions, "the provinces can't come to the [[West End theatre|West End]] any more, therefore the West End must go to the provinces".<ref>Farley, p. 14</ref> ''Present Laughter'' was first produced in [[Blackpool]] on 20 September 1942,<ref>Mander and Mitchenson, p. 345</ref> Coward directed and the sets and costumes were designed by [[Gladys Calthrop]].<ref>Mander and Mitchenson, p. 347</ref> The repertory of the tour also consisted of ''This Happy Breed'' and ''[[Blithe Spirit (play)|Blithe Spirit]]''; the three were advertised collectively as "Noel Coward in his ''Play Parade''".<ref>"Opera House", ''The Manchester Guardian'', 15 October 1942, p 1</ref> After playing in twenty-two towns and cities in England, Scotland and Wales, the tour ended with a six-week run at the Haymarket.<ref>Mander and Mitchenson, pp. 345–346</ref>

===Original cast===
*Daphne Stillington – [[Jennifer Gray (actress)|Jennifer Gray]]
*Miss Erikson – Molly Johnson
*Fred – Billy Thatcher
*Monica Reed – [[Beryl Measor]]
*Garry Essendine – [[Noël Coward]]
*Liz Essendine – [[Joyce Carey]]
*Roland Maule – [[James Donald]]
*Henry Lyppiatt – [[Gerald Case]]
*Morris Dixon – [[Dennis Price]]
*Joanna Lyppiatt – [[Judy Campbell]]
*Lady Saltburn – Gwen Floyd

==Plot==
All three acts of the play are set in Garry Essendine's London flat. He is a successful [[West End theatre|West End]] actor, who has just turned forty.<ref>Coward (1979), pp. 157, 160 and 243–244</ref>

===Act I===
Daphne Stillington, a young admirer of the actor Garry Essendine, has inveigled herself into the flat and has spent the night there. Garry is still asleep, and while waiting for him to wake, Daphne encounters in turn three of his employees: the housekeeper (Miss Erikson), valet (Fred), and secretary (Monica). None of them display any surprise at her presence. Garry finally wakes and with practised smoothness ushers Daphne out.

Liz Essendine, who left Garry years ago, nevertheless remains part of his tightly-knit 'family' along with Monica and his manager, Morris Dixon, and producer, Henry<!-- HENRY IS CORRECT, NOT HUGO. THIS HAS WRONGLY BEEN CHANGED TWICE --> Lyppiatt. Liz tells Garry that she suspects that Morris is having an affair with Henry's glamorous wife Joanna, and is concerned that this might break up the family. Their discussion is interrupted by the arrival of Roland Maule, an aspiring young playwright from [[Uckfield]], whose play Garry has rashly agreed to critique. Liz leaves, and Roland rapidly becomes obsessively fascinated by Garry, who gets him off the premises as quickly as he can.

Morris and Henry arrive and discuss theatrical business with Garry. Henry leaves for a business trip abroad, and Garry privately interrogates Morris, who denies that he is having an affair with Joanna. Garry telephones Liz to reassure her.

===Act II===
;Scene 1, midnight, three days later.
Garry, alone in the flat, answers the doorbell to find Joanna. She claims (like Daphne in Act I) to have forgotten her own door key and asks Garry to accommodate her in his spare room. He correctly suspects her motives, but after much skirmishing allows himself to be seduced.

;Scene 2, the next morning.
Joanna emerges from the spare room wearing Garry's pyjamas just as Daphne did in Act I. She too encounters Miss Erikson, Fred, and then Monica, who is horrified at her presence in such compromising circumstances. Liz arrives and puts pressure on Joanna by threatening to tell Morris that Joanna has spent the night with Garry. Joanna retreats to the spare room when the doorbell rings, but the caller is not Morris but Roland Maule, who says he has an appointment with Garry. Monica leads him to an adjacent room to wait for Garry.

Frantic comings and goings follow, with the flustered arrivals and departures of Morris and Henry, Roland's pursuit of Garry, and the arrival of a Lady Saltburn, to whose niece Garry has promised an audition. The niece turns out to be Daphne Stillington, who recites the same [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]] poem, "We Meet Not as We Parted", with which he bade her farewell in Act I. Joanna flounces out from the spare room, Daphne faints with horror, Roland is entranced, and Garry is apoplectic.

===Act III===
A week later, on the eve of Garry's departure on tour in Africa, he is once more alone in the flat. The doorbell rings and Daphne enters saying she has a ticket to sail with him to Africa. The doorbell rings again, and Daphne retreats to an adjoining room. The new caller is Roland, who announces that he too has a ticket for the voyage to Africa. Garry tries to get him to leave, but as the doorbell rings a third time Roland bolts into the spare room and locks the door. The third caller is Joanna, who has also bought a ticket for the Africa voyage and has written a letter to Henry and Morris telling them everything. Liz arrives and saves the tottering situation, announcing that she too is travelling to Africa.

Henry and Morris arrive and berate Garry for his night with Joanna. Garry fights back by revealing the details of Morris and Joanna's affair, and Henry's extramarital adventures. Joanna angrily slaps Garry's face and leaves for good. Her departure goes unnoticed because Garry, Henry and Morris have become embroiled in what for them is a much more serious row when it emerges that Henry and Morris have committed Garry to appear at what he considers a shockingly unsuitable theatre. Garry objects: "I will not play a light French comedy to an auditorium that looks like a [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] edition of [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]]."<ref>Coward (1979), p. 245</ref> When that row has blown itself out, it is business as usual and Henry and Morris leave in good humour.

Liz pours Garry a brandy and tells him she is not only going to Africa with him but is coming back to him for good. Garry suddenly remembers Daphne and Roland lurking in the adjoining rooms and tells Liz: "You're not coming back to me... I'm coming back to you",<ref>Coward (1979), p. 246</ref> and they tiptoe out.

==Revivals==
The play has been regularly revived. Coward directed and starred in the first West End revival, in 1947. It ran for 528 performances; Carey once again played Liz, [[Moira Lister]] played Joanna, and [[Robert Eddison]] played Roland.<ref>"Haymarket Theatre", ''[[The Times]]'', 17 April 1947, p. 6</ref> Coward handed on the lead role to [[Hugh Sinclair (actor)|Hugh Sinclair]] in July 1947.<ref name=m346>Mander and Mitchenson, p. 346</ref> The first West End revival after that was in 1965, with [[Nigel Patrick]] as Garry.{{refn|[[Avice Landon]] played Monica, [[Phyllis Calvert]], Liz, [[Maxine Audley]], Joanna, and [[Richard Briers]], Roland Maule.<ref>"A Charmed Circle Keeps its Comic Magic", ''The Times'', 22 April 1965, p. 16</ref>|group=n}}

Notable successors in the role of Garry include [[Albert Finney]] (1977),{{refn|Finney's cast included [[Eleanor Bron]] as Liz, and [[Diana Quick]] as Joanna.<ref>Billington, Michael. "Coward without camp", ''The Guardian'', 2 April 1977, p. 8</ref><ref name=pf>Fisher, Philip. [https://www.britishtheatreguide.info/reviews/RNTpresentlaughter-rev "Present Laughter"], British Theatre Guide, 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2019</ref>|group=n}} [[Peter O'Toole]] (1978), who also played the role in a production at the [[John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts|Kennedy Center]], Washington, D.C., in the same year,<ref name=pf/><ref>Coe, Richard L. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1978/11/16/merry-laughter/e7f28e38-df42-41c9-8c74-c170e167bf74/?noredirect=on "Merry 'Laughter'"], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', 16 November 1978</ref> [[Donald Sinden]] (1981),{{refn|The production also featured [[Dinah Sheridan]] as Liz, [[Gwen Watford]] as Monica and [[Julian Fellowes]] as Roland Maule.<ref>"Donald Sinden in Coward play", ''The Times'', 21 January 1981, p. 11</ref>|group=n}} [[Tom Conti]] (1993),{{refn|In this production [[Gabrielle Drake]] played Monica and [[Jenny Seagrove]], Joanna.<ref name=bn>Nightingale, Benedict. "Hungry for ham and ego", ''The Times'', 28 February 1996, p. 39</ref>|group=n}} [[Peter Bowles]] (1996),<ref name=bn/> [[Ian McKellen]] (1998),<ref name=pf/> [[Rik Mayall]] (2003),<ref name=pf/> and [[Simon Callow]] (2006).<ref name=pf/> The [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] revived the play in 2007 and 2008 with [[Alex Jennings]] as Garry.<ref name=pf/>{{refn|Monica was played by [[Sarah Woodward]], [[Lisa Dillon]] played Joanna.<ref>Billington, Michael. [https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2007/oct/03/theatre "Present Laughter"], ''The Guardian'', 3 October 2007</ref>|group=n}} More recent Garrys have included [[Samuel West]] ([[Theatre Royal, Bath]], 2016),<ref name=lg>Gardner, Lyn. [https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2016/jun/30/present-laughter-theatre-royal-bath-review-samuel-west-noel-coward "Present Laughter review"], ''The Guardian'', 30 June 2016</ref> [[Rufus Hound]] ([[Chichester Festival Theatre]], 2018),<ref name=cf>Billington, Michael. [https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2018/apr/27/present-laughter-review-rufus-hound-chichester-festival-theatre-foley "Present Laughter review"], ''The Guardian'', 27 April 2018</ref> and [[Andrew Scott (actor)|Andrew Scott]] ([[The Old Vic|Old Vic]], 2019).{{refn|He won the Olivier Award for the role. The production, directed by [[Matthew Warchus]] also featured [[Indira Varma]] as Liz, who also won an Olivier, and [[Sophie Thompson]] as Monica.<ref>Noah, Sherna. [https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/artsandculture/arid-40070978.html?type=amp "Andrew Scott wins Olivier Award for ''Pleasant Laughter'' stage role"]{{sic}}, ''Irish Examiner'', 26 October 2020; and [https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/2019/1124/1094856-andrew-scott "Andrew Scott wins British theatre award"], RTÉ, 24 November 2019</ref>|group=n}}

''Present Laughter'' was first staged in the US in 1946; after an out-of-town tour it opened on 29 October 1946 at the [[Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre|Plymouth Theatre]] on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]]. It featured [[Clifton Webb]] as Garry and closed in March 1947 after 158 performances.<ref name=m354>Mander and Mitchenson, p. 354</ref> In 1958 Coward appeared in New York, San Francisco and Los Angeles as Garry with [[Eva Gabor]] as Joanna.<ref>Lesley, pp. 177–78</ref> American successors in the role of Garry Essendine have included [[Douglas Fairbanks, Jr.]] (1975),{{refn|Fairbanks played Garry in a production at the [[John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts|Kennedy Center]], Washington,D.C, in March 1975. [[Jane Alexander]] played Liz and [[Ilka Chase]] played Monica.<ref name=m356>Mander and Mitchenson, p. 356</ref>|group=n}} [[George C. Scott]] (1982),{{refn|Scott directed and starred in a revival at [[Circle in the Square Theatre]], with [[Elizabeth Hubbard]] as Liz, [[Dana Ivey]] as Monica and [[Nathan Lane]] as Roland Maule.<ref name=m356/> It ran for 175 performances.<ref name=mm3567/>|group=n}} [[Frank Langella]] (1996),{{refn|Langella starred in a production at the [[Walter Kerr Theatre]] from 18 November 1996, with [[Allison Janney]] as Liz.<ref name=mm3567>Mander and Mitchenson, pp. 356–357</ref>|group=n}} [[Victor Garber]] (2010),{{refn|This production was at the [[American Airlines Theatre]], with [[Lisa Banes]] as Liz, and [[Harriet Sansom Harris|Harriet Harris]] as Monica.<ref>[http://broadwayworld.com/shows/cast.php?showid=324693 "Present Laughter Cast Information"], BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved 25 January 2010</ref>|group=n}} and [[Kevin Kline]]  (2017).{{refn|Produced at the [[St. James Theatre]], with [[Kate Burton (actress)|Kate Burton]] as Liz, [[Reg Rogers]] as Morris, [[Cobie Smulders]] as Joanna, and [[Kristine Nielsen]] as Monica. It ran for 101 performances.<ref>[https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/present-laughter-510583 "Present Laughter"], Internet Broadway Database. Retrieved 11 May 2019</ref>|group=n}}

==Adaptations==
===Stage===
Coward directed and starred in a French translation, ''Joyeux Chagrins'', with the central character renamed Max Aramont. The production toured, beginning in Brussels, before opening at the [[Théâtre Édouard VII]] in Paris in 1948.<ref>Mander and Mitchenson, p. 353; and Hoare, p. 379</ref> In September 1996 a new French adaptation, titled ''Bagatelle'' was presented at the [[Théâtre de Paris]], starring [[Michel Sardou]] in the lead role, now named Jean Delecour.<ref name=m354/>

===Radio===
In September 1956 the [[BBC]] broadcast a radio production with [[John Gielgud]] as Garry, [[Nora Swinburne]] as Liz and [[Mary Wimbush]] as Joanna.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190512104328/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/50799056fbb24328a81f2da918c1edcd "John Gielgud in ''Present Laughter''"], BBC Genome. Retrieved 11 May 2019</ref> In 1974, [[Paul Scofield]] played the lead role for the BBC, with [[Fenella Fielding]] as Joanna, [[Patricia Routledge]] as Monica, [[Miriam Margolyes]] as Daphne, and Joy Parker (Scofield's real wife) as Liz.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190512104339/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/94b65ccadf79470aad9b75fdd74a66a8 "The Monday Play: ''Present Laughter''"], BBC Genome. Retrieved 11 May 2019</ref> In April 2013, a radio adaptation was broadcast on [[BBC Radio 4]], starring Samuel West as Garry.<ref>"Radio Listings", ''The Times'', 6 April 2013, p. 27</ref>

===Television===
As part of the [[Play of the Week (TV series)|''Play of the Week'']] series in August 1964 four Coward plays directed and produced by [[Joan Kemp-Welch]] were transmitted on [[ITV (TV channel)|ITV]], including ''Present Laughter'', with [[Peter Wyngarde]] as Garry Essendine, [[Ursula Howells]] as Liz, [[Barbara Murray]] as Joanna and [[James Bolam]] as Roland Maule.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180718191627/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9eea5e7c "Joan Kemp-Welch"], [[British Film Institute]]. Retrieved 3 August 2018</ref> In [[Present Laughter (1967 TV play)|1967 ITV broadcast a production]] starring Peter O'Toole as Garry, with [[Honor Blackman]] as Liz.<ref name=m354/> The 1981 West End production starring Donald Sinden was filmed for [[BBC Television]].<ref name=m354/>

==Autobiographical references==
Coward acknowledged that the central character, the egocentric actor Garry Essendine, was a self-caricature.<ref>Lahr, p. 34</ref> [[Ben Brantley]] called the play "among the most shameless, if liveliest, self-addressed valentines in theater history."<ref name=brantley>Brantley, Ben. [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/09/theater/theater-review-present-laughter-sinfully-charming-noel-coward-s-me-requires.html "''Present Laughter''; Sinfully Charming, Noel Coward's 'Me' Requires Charisma"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 9 August 1995, p. 9</ref> Coward repeats one of his signature theatrical devices at the end of the play, where the main characters tiptoe out as the curtain falls – a device that he also used in ''[[Private Lives]]'', ''[[Hay Fever (play)|Hay Fever]]'' and ''Blithe Spirit''.<ref>Lahr, pp. 36, 84 and 91</ref><ref name=jp/>

In the 1970s the director [[Peter Hall (director)|Peter Hall]] wrote, "what a wonderful play it would be if – as Coward must have wanted – all those love affairs were about homosexuals".<ref>Hall, 19 April 1976</ref> Whether or not Coward would have agreed, in the 1940s the transformation of real-life gay relationships into onstage straight ones was essential.<ref>Lahr, p. 158</ref> The play nevertheless contains many references to Coward's own life. Monica is "unmistakably Lorn Loraine",<ref>Hoare, p. 293</ref> Coward's long-serving and much-loved secretary. Morris has been seen as Coward's agent and sometime lover [[John C. Wilson|Jack Wilson]], and Henry as [[Binkie Beaumont]].<ref>Hoare, pp. 293–94</ref> Liz, played originally by Joyce Carey, is thought to be based partly on the actress herself, who was a member of Coward's inner circle.<ref>Hoare, p. 294</ref>

==Critical reception and analysis==
The notices for the first production were excellent. ''[[The Observer]]'' commented, "Mr Coward's production is so inventive, and his own performance so adroit in its mockery of the vain, posturing, and yet self-scrutinising and self-amused matinee idol, that ''Present Laughter'' is likely to be future mirth for as long as Mr Coward cares to run it."<ref>[[Ivor Brown|Brown, Ivor]], "Theatre and Life", ''The Observer'', 2 May 1943, p. 2</ref> ''[[The Manchester Guardian]]'' added, "One is tempted to cast discretion to the winds and predict that this will be remembered as the best comedy of its kind and generation ... one of those rare occasions when the critic must claim the privilege of his fellow-playgoers, simply to marvel, admire, and enjoy wholeheartedly."<ref>"Opera House: ''Present Laughter''",''The Manchester Guardian'', 21 October 1942, p. 6</ref> When Coward brought the play back to the Haymarket in 1947, ''[[The Times]]'' praised it as "a wittily impudent and neatly invented burlesque of a French farce."<ref>"Haymarket", ''The Times'', 23 June 1947, p. 6</ref> When it was first seen in the West End without Coward, in 1959, ''The Times'' commented, "plays as funny as this are no longer being written in England."<ref>"Theatre", ''The Times'', 22 April 1965, p. 16</ref>

In 1993 [[Ned Sherrin]] wrote, "''Present Laughter'' is one of Coward's four great comedies of manners, along with ''Hay Fever'', ''Private Lives'' and ''Blithe Spirit''. It presents a masterly, exaggerated picture not only of the playwright but of his whole household, his court, his admirers, his lifestyle and his era."<ref>Sherrin, Ned. "Noel's house party – ''Present Laughter''", ''The Sunday Times'', 27 June 1993, p. 8 (Features section)</ref> Brantley observed in ''[[The New York Times]]'' in 1995, "Yes, Coward was a terrible snob, and there is a certain smugness about ''Present Laughter'' that it's best not to examine too closely", but, "The sneaking wisdom of ''Present Laughter'' lies in its suggestion that actorly exaggeration and inner honesty are not mutually exclusive."<ref name=brantley/> In 1998 [[John Peter (critic)|John Peter]] said that despite its period setting the play was timeless, and commented, "As in all the greatest comedies in the language, those of Shakespeare, [[William Congreve|Congreve]] and [[Oscar Wilde|Wilde]], the wit is both in the situations and the language."<ref name=jp>Peter, John. "All present and correct", ''The Sunday Times'', 27 December 1998, p. 9 (Arts and books section)</ref> Reviewing the 2016 revival starring Samuel West, [[Lyn Gardner]], in ''[[The Guardian]]'', found the play "deeply unpleasant ... misogynistic and snobbish".<ref name=lg/> Two years later the same paper's chief drama critic, [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], called it an "imperishable comedy".<ref name=cf/>

Reviewing the 2019 Old Vic production, a critic in ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' noted that "beneath the frantic surface is a subtle depiction of a man trapped by fame and his own image. ... Garry ... eagerly milks melodrama, hammily proclaiming his misfortunes, namely of being in perpetual service to his entourage. And having "acted" for so long offstage, he's reached the point where no one is willing to believe him when trying to be himself."<ref>Matheou, Demetrios. [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/present-laughter-theater-1221053 "''Present Laughter'': Theater Review"], ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'', 26 June 2019</ref> Another, in ''[[The Financial Times]]'', remarked that Garry's "susceptibility to flattery stems from a deep well of loneliness ... neediness ... drives Garry's hunger for affection".<ref>Hemming, Sarah. [https://www.ft.com/content/b8240d5a-980b-11e9-8cfb-30c211dcd229 "Andrew Scott, brilliance and dark mischief in ''Present Laughter'' at the Old Vic"], ''[[Financial Times]]'', 26 June 2019</ref> The reviewer of ''[[The Independent]]'' agreed, noting that the leading character's surname, Essendine, is an anagram of "neediness", and commented, "Coward's comedy asks us to wonder: who needs whom most – the sun or the planets that orbit it?"<ref>Taylor, Paul. [https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/classical/reviews/andrew-scott-present-laughter-old-vic-tickets-review-london-a8975306.html "''Present Laughter'' review, The Old Vic: Andrew Scott shines in glorious, revelatory production"], ''[[The Independent]]'', 26 June 2019</ref>

==Notes, references and sources==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|35em|group=n}}

===References===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{cite book | last = Coward | first = Noël | year = 1954 | title = Future Indefinite | location = London | publisher = Heinemann | url=https://archive.org/details/futureindefinite0000unse_k4d7/mode/2up|url-access = registration | oclc = 5002107 }}
* {{cite book | last = Coward | first = Noël | title = Plays: Four | year = 1979 | location = London | publisher = Methuen | isbn = 978-0-413-46120-9 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/collectedplays00cowa }}
* {{cite book | last = Day | first = Barry | title = The Letters of Noël Coward | year = 2007 | location = London | publisher = Methuen | isbn = 978-0-7136-8578-7}}
* {{cite book | last = Farley | first = Alan | chapter = Interview with [[Judy Campbell]] | title = Speaking of Noel Coward | year = 2013 | location = Bloomington | publisher = Author House | isbn = 978-1-4817-7324-9}}
* {{cite book | last = Hall | first = Peter | author-link = Peter Hall (director) | title = Diaries 1972–1980 | year = 1983 | location = London | publisher = Hamish Hamilton | isbn = 978-0-241-11285-4 }}
* {{cite book | last = Hoare | first = Philip | author-link = Philip Hoare | title = Noël Coward, A Biography | year = 1995 | location = London | publisher = Sinclair-Stevenson | isbn = 978-1-85619-265-1}}
* {{cite book | last = Lahr | first = John | author-link = John Lahr | title = Coward the Playwright | url = https://archive.org/details/cowardplaywright0000lahr | url-access = registration | year = 1982 | location = London | publisher = Methuen | isbn = 978-0-413-48050-7 }}
* {{cite book | last = Lesley | first = Cole | title = The Life of Noël Coward | year = 1976 | location = London | publisher = Cape| isbn = 978-0-224-01288-1 }}
* {{cite book |last = Mander |first = Raymond |author2 = Mitchenson, Joe |author3 = Day, Barry Day |author4 = Morley, Sheridan |year = 2000 |edition = second |orig-year = 1957 |title = Theatrical Companion to Coward |location = London |publisher = Oberon |isbn = 978-1-84002-054-0 }}
* {{cite book | last = Morley | first = Sheridan | author-link = Sheridan Morley | title = A Talent to Amuse | year = 1974 | location = London | publisher = Penguin | isbn = 978-0-14-003863-7 }}
* {{cite book | last = Morley | first = Sheridan | title = Noël Coward
 | year = 2005 | location = London | publisher = Haus | isbn = 978-1-904341-88-8 }}
* {{cite book | last = Shakespeare | first = William | editor = William Aldis Wright | editor-link = William Aldis Wright | title = The Complete Works of William Shakespeare: The Cambridge Edition | year = 1936 | location = New York | publisher = Garden City | url = https://archive.org/details/completeworksofw000969mbp/page/n9 | oclc = 5156462}}

==External links==
*{{ibdb show|id=7223|name=Present Laughter}}
* [http://broadwayworld.com/shows/index.php?showid=324693 ''Present Laughter'' Broadway Revival Info and Multimedia (BroadwayWorld International Database)]

{{Noël Coward musicals}}
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[[Category:1939 plays]]
[[Category:1930s in comedy]]
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[[Category:Fiction about midlife crisis]]
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[[Category:British plays adapted for radio]]
[[Category:Plays by Noël Coward]]