View source for President of Tajikistan

{{Short description|Head of state of Tajikistan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Main|List of presidents of Tajikistan}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = President
| body = the Republic of Tajikistan
| native_name = {{small|Президенти Тоҷикистон <br> Президент Таджикистана}}
| insignia = 
| insigniasize = 
| insigniacaption = 
| flag = Flag of the President of Tajikistan.svg
| flagsize = 
| flagborder = yes
| flagcaption = Presidential standard
| image = Emomali Rahmon-1.jpg
| imagesize = 
| alt = 
| incumbent = [[Emomali Rahmon]]
| acting = 
| incumbentsince = 16 November 1994
| department = 
| style = 
| type = [[Head of state]]<br />[[Commander-in-chief]]
| status = 
| abbreviation = 
| member_of = 
| reports_to = 
| residence = [[Palace of the Nation (Dushanbe)|Palace of the Nation]], [[Dushanbe]]
| seat = 
| nominator = 
| appointer = Popular vote
| appointer_qualified = 
| termlength = Seven years
| termlength_qualified = renewable
| constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Tajikistan]] (1994)
| precursor = 
| formation = {{start date and age|df=y|1990|11|30}}
| first = [[Qahhor Mahkamov]]
| last = 
| abolished = 
| succession = [[National Assembly of Tajikistan|Chairman of the National Assembly]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eurasianet.org/tajikistan-succession-process-near-close-as-presidents-son-named-senate-chair|title = Tajikistan: Succession process near close as president's son named Senate chair &#124; Eurasianet}}</ref>
| unofficial_names = 
| deputy = 
| salary = 144,144 [[Tajikistani somoni]]/13,200 USD annually<ref name="news.tj">{{cite web|url=https://news.tj/ru/node/187868|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603224150/https://news.tj/ru/node/187868|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-06-03|title=Зарплаты президентов - Новости Таджикистана ASIA-Plus|website=news.tj}}</ref><ref name="finhow.ru">{{cite web|url=https://finhow.ru/earn/skolko-zarabatyvaet-putin-i-prezidenty-drugix-stran/|title=Сколько зарабатывает Путин и президенты других стран / FinHow.ru|website=finhow.ru}}</ref>
| website = 
}}
{{Politics of Tajikistan}}

The '''president of Tajikistan''' is the [[head of state]] of the [[Tajikistan|Republic of Tajikistan]]. The president heads the executive branch of the country's government and is the [[commander-in-chief]] of the [[Armed Forces of Tajikistan]].

==History of the presidency==
The first president of Tajikistan was [[Qahhor Mahkamov]], who held the position of [[First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan]] and was appointed President of the [[Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic]] in November 1990. Mahkamov served both as First Secretary and President but was forced to resign in August 1991 due to the unpopularity of his support for the [[August Coup of 1991]] in Moscow and the resulting street demonstrations in [[Dushanbe]]. From 1991 to 1992 the post of the president changed hands several times due to the political changes and uncertainty following the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]] and ensuing social unrest and violence in the [[Tajikistani Civil War]]. Since 1994, [[Emomali Rahmon]] has held the position of the presidency. The presidential elections were last held in [[2020 Tajik presidential election|2020]]. Presidential elections in Tajikistan have consistently been criticized by international observers as unfair and favoring the ruling party.

==Constitutional role==
The president of Tajikistan is the [[head of the state]] and the highest ranking chief government official in the country. The president is elected by a national vote and was historically limited to one seven-year term which can only be renewed once, until the abolishment of term limits. The president is also the supreme [[commander-in-chief]] of the [[Tajik National Army]].
In addition to the executive office of the president, there is a [[Security Council of Tajikistan|Security Council]] that advises the president on matters of national security. As Supreme Commander-in-Chief, he also is entitled to use the Center for the Management of the Armed Forces (opened on [[Armed Forces Day (Tajikistan)|National Army Day]] in 2018), which would serve as the main military command center for the president, similarly to the [[Russian Armed Forces]] [[National Defense Management Center]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.translatoruser-int.com/translate?&from=ru&to=en&csId=84706578-618e-42e7-9325-73da5e3f1539&usId=feed6a2b-91a8-497c-b961-4a43e6e41829&dl=en&ac=true&dt=2019/6/13+0:39&h=0DhAvXKw_eDb5XCSNX2spXVtdQ2YZ5Ih&a=https://www.news.tj/news/tajikistan/security/20180221/v-tadzhikistane-poyavilsya-tsentr-upravleniya-vooruzhennimi-silami|title=Error|website=www.translatoruser-int.com}}</ref> 

===Executive office===
The office of the president consisting of 5 departments and 24 offices is the executive arm of the president, including, inter alia, the following are the most important ones: 
* Department of the Constitutional Rights of Citizens
* Department of Public Affairs, Information and Cultural Affairs 
* Department of Social Policy 
* Department of Economic Policy

The president also has five state advisors who aide the president on policy issues:

*State Advisor on Economic Issues 
*State Advisor on International Affairs
*State Advisor on Science and Social issues
*State Advisor on Public Affairs Information and Culture and State 
*State Advisor on Defense and Law Enforcement

==Presidential standard==
The standard of the president of the Republic of Tajikistan is the official symbol of the office of president in the country. It was made a legal state symbol in accordance with an amendment to Law No. 192 on July 28, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.president.tj/rus/novostee_141106.htm |title=Закон Республики Таджикистан от 28 июля 2006 года № 192 "О символах Президента Республики Таджикистан" |access-date=2019-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025033128/http://www.president.tj/rus/novostee_141106.htm |archive-date=2007-10-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It was introduced in time for the inauguration ceremony for [[Emomali Rahmon]] in his third term as head of state. The standard is a rectangular panel consisting of three horizontally arranged color bars which are similar to the colors on the [[Flag of Tajikistan]]. In it, there is a symbolic ''[[Derafsh Kaviani]]'' banner the center, with its upper part having spear, symbolizing the will and power of the authorities for the defense of the country. The banner is four-sided and has four branches inside (which represents the four [[regions of Tajikistan]]), while the center depicts a winged lion with a crown and seven stars, which are the basis of the [[emblem of Tajikistan]]. The Derafsh Kaviani is embroidered with two gold threads on both sides of the standard.

==Residence==
Since 2008, the [[Palace of Nations, Dushanbe|Palace of Nations]] (also called the ''Kohi Millat'' or the ''White House'') has been the official residence of the president of Tajikistan. The president often receives foreign dignitaries and public official at the palace, as well as holds public events at its main hall. Its construction was dedicated to Tajik historic king [[Ismail Samani]]. It opened in August 2008, hosting an [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|SCO]] summit in its first day. The palace is portrayed on the back of a 500 [[Somoni]] banknote.<ref>[http://life.ansor.info/qasri-millat/ ЭНЦИКЛОПЕДИЯ AMD — КАСРИ МИЛЛАТ / ДВОРЕЦ НАЦИИ]</ref>

Up until 2008, the presidential residence was located in a different location, in building that was built in 1957 (to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the October Revolution),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former presidential palace in Dushanbe will be demolished|url=https://asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/power/20200212/former-presidential-palace-in-dushanbe-will-be-demolished|url-status=live|date=Feb 12, 2020|website=asiaplustj.info|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027104112/https://asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/power/20200212/former-presidential-palace-in-dushanbe-will-be-demolished|archive-date=Oct 27, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=В ДУШАНБЕ СНОСЯТ БЫВШИЙ ПРЕЗИДЕНТСКИЙ ДВОРЕЦ (ВИДЕО)|url=https://akhbor-rus.com/-p4117-174.htm|access-date=2021-04-20|website=akhbor-rus.com|language=en}}</ref> and formerly served as the headquarters of the Central Committee of the [[Communist Party of Tajikistan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=В Душанбе готовят к сносу бывший президентский дворец. ВИДЕО|url=https://rus.ozodi.org/a/30529721.html|access-date=2021-04-20|website=Радио Озоди|date=4 April 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> In the Soviet era, it had hosted dignitaries such as [[Raúl Castro|Raul Castro]], [[Ho Chi Minh]], [[Nikita Khrushchev]], [[Leonid Brezhnev]], and [[Boris Yeltsin]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Inoyatova|first=Sher Khashimov,Tahmina|title=Transforming Tajikistan: Between a Soviet past and a Tajik future|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/4/14/transforming-tajikistan-between-a-soviet-past-and-a-tajik-future|access-date=2021-04-19|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> In 2017, the building became the temporary office of the [[Mayor of Dushanbe]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dushanbe|first=Esfandiar Adineh in|date=2017-10-19|title=Demolishing Dushanbe: how the former city of Stalinabad is erasing its Soviet past|url=http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/oct/19/demolishing-dushanbe-former-stalinabad-erasing-soviet-past|access-date=2021-04-19|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> It became the presidential residence in 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|title=В Душанбе приступили к сносу Дворца президента Таджикистана|url=https://ia-centr.ru/publications/v-dushanbe-pristupili-k-snosu-dvortsa-prezidenta-tadzhikistana/|access-date=2021-04-20|website=ia-centr.ru|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Бывший президентский дворец в Душанбе почти полностью снесен &#124; Новости Таджикистана ASIA-Plus|url=https://asiaplustj.info/ru/news/tajikistan/society/20200910/bivshii-prezidentskii-dvorets-v-dushanbe-pochti-polnostyu-snesen|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409045843/https://asiaplustj.info/ru/news/tajikistan/society/20200910/bivshii-prezidentskii-dvorets-v-dushanbe-pochti-polnostyu-snesen|archive-date=Apr 9, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-11|title=В столице Таджикистана сносят бывший президентский дворец – фото|url=https://ru.reporter.kg/v-stolitse-tadzhikistana-snosiat-byvshii-prezidentskii-dvorets-foto/|access-date=2021-04-20|website=Reporter.kg|language=ru-RU}}</ref> In February 2020, it was announced that the former palace would be demolished.

The president also has a country residence called Pugus in the [[Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Загородная резиденция правительства Таджикистана «Пугус» будет перестроена {{!}} Новости Таджикистана ASIA-Plus |url=https://www.asiaplustj.info/ru/news/tajikistan/power/20160808/zagorodnaya-rezidentsiya-pravitelstva-tadzhikistana-pugus-budet-perestroena |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=www.asiaplustj.info |language=ru}}</ref>

== Selection process ==
=== Elections ===
The president of Tajikistan is elected for a  seven-year term (Exception for [[Emomali Rahmon|Founder of peace and national Unity — Leader of the Nation]]) using the [[two-round system]]; if no candidate receives over 50% of all votes cast,<ref name="IFES"/> a second round is held between 15 and 31 days later between the two candidates who received the most votes. For the result to be validated, voter turnout must exceed 50%; if it falls below the threshold, fresh elections will be held.<ref name="IFES">[https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/tajikistan_faq_final.pdf Elections in Tajikistan: November 6 Presidential Elections: Frequently Asked Questions] IFES</ref>

====Latest election====
{{Main|2020 Tajik presidential election}}

=== Inauguration ceremony ===
The inauguration ceremony takes place at the Kokhi [[Somon Palace]] in [[Dushanbe]]. Following the ceremony, a [[military parade]] of the [[Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan]] is held on [[Dousti Square]]. The [[Ministry of Defence (Tajikistan)|minister of defence]] reads the oath of the allegiance to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief during the ceremony before the troops of the [[Tajik National Army|National Army]] march off.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Трансляция с площади "Дусти" города Душанбе по случаю инаугурации Президента Республики Таджикистан|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfVW89wyUSA| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127215549/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfVW89wyUSA&gl=US&hl=en| archive-date=2020-11-27 | url-status=dead|access-date=2020-11-03|website=YouTube}}</ref> A 30-gun salute is fired to mark the occasion.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Emomali Rahmon sworn in as President of the Republic of Tajikistan|url=http://una-oic.org/page/public/news_details.aspx?id=322258&NL=True|access-date=2020-11-03|website=una-oic.org}}</ref> The following years saw inauguration ceremonies held:{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}}

* 1994
* 1999 - The ceremony was attended by [[Russian Prime Minister]] [[Vladimir Putin]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Эмомали Рахмон в пятый раз присягнул на верность народу и Конституции Таджикистана|url=https://uzreport.news/world/emomali-rahmon-v-pyatiy-raz-prisyagnul-na-vernost-narodu-i-konstitutsii-tadjikistana|access-date=2020-11-03|website=UzReport.news|language=ru}}</ref>
* 18 November 2006<ref>{{Cite web|title=Маросими Савгандёдкунии Президенти Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон Э.Ш.Раҳмонов {{!}} Президенти Тоҷикистон - President of Tajikistan - Президент Таджикистана - رئيس جمهورية تاجيكستان|url=http://www.president.tj/node/5539|access-date=2020-11-03|website=www.president.tj}}</ref>
* 16 November 2013<ref>{{Cite news|title=Tajik President Sworn In For Fourth Term|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/tajikistan-rahmon-inauguration-fourth/25170041.html|access-date=2020-11-03|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=16 November 2013 |language=en}}</ref>
* 30 October 2020 - The ceremony was held amid the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Tajikistan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Everyone should watch presidential inauguration ceremony {{!}} Tajikistan News ASIA-Plus|url=https://www.asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/power/20201027/everyone-should-watch-presidential-inauguration-ceremony|access-date=2020-11-03|website=www.asiaplustj.info}}</ref>

==List of presidents of Tajikistan==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan=2| {{abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan=2| Portrait
! rowspan=2| Name<br><small>(Born-Died)</small>
! colspan=3| Term
! rowspan=2| Political Party
! rowspan=2| Elected
|-
! Took office
! Left office
! Time in office
|-style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=8| President
{{Officeholder table
| order2            = 1
| image             = 
| officeholder      = [[Qahhor Mahkamov]]
| officeholder_sort = Mahkamov, Qahhor
| born_year         = 1932
| died_year         = 2016
| term_start        = 30 November 1990
| term_end          = 31 August 1991
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|1990|11|30|1991|08|31}}
| alt_party         = Communist Party of Tajikistan
| election          = —
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order2            = –
| image             = Emblem of the Tajik SSR.svg
| officeholder      = [[Qadriddin Aslonov]]
| officeholder_sort = Aslonov, Qadriddin
| born_year         = 1947
| died_year         = 1992
| term_start        = 31 August 1991
| term_end          = 23 September 1991
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|1991|08|31|1991|09|23}}
| acting            = y
| alt_party         = Communist Party of Tajikistan
| election          = —
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order2            = 2
| image             = Rahmon Nabiyev 1991-1992 (cropped).jpg
| officeholder      = [[Rahmon Nabiyev]]
| officeholder_sort = Nabiyev, Rahmon
| born_year         = 1930
| died_year         = 1993
| term_start        = 23 September 1991
| term_end          = 6 October 1991
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|1991|09|23|1991|10|06}}
| alt_party         = Communist Party of Tajikistan
| election          = —
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order2            = –
| image             = Emblem of the Tajik SSR.svg
| officeholder      = [[Akbarsho Iskandarov]]
| officeholder_sort = Iskandarov, Akbarsho
| born_year         = 1951
| died_year         = 
| term_start        = 6 October 1991
| term_end          = 2 December 1991
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|1991|10|06|1991|12|02}}
| acting            = y
| alt_party         = Communist Party of Tajikistan
| election          = —
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order2            = (2)
| image             = Rahmon Nabiyev 1991-1992 (cropped).jpg
| officeholder      = [[Rahmon Nabiyev]]
| officeholder_sort = Nabiyev, Rahmon
| born_year         = 1930
| died_year         = 1993
| term_start        = 2 December 1991
| term_end          = 7 September 1992
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|1991|12|02|1992|09|07}}
| alt_party         = Communist Party of Tajikistan
| election          = [[1991 Tajik presidential election|1991]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order2            = –
| image             = Emblem of the Tajik SSR.svg
| officeholder      = [[Akbarsho Iskandarov]]
| officeholder_sort = Iskandarov, Akbarsho
| born_year         = 1951
| died_year         = 
| term_start        = 7 September 1992
| term_end          = 20 November 1992
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|1992|01|07|1992|01|20}}
| acting            = y
| alt_party         = Communist Party of Tajikistan
| election          = —
}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=8| Chairman of the Supreme Assembly
{{Officeholder table
| order2            = –
| image             = Emomali Rahmonov 2001Nov03.jpg
| officeholder      = [[Emomali Rahmon]]
| officeholder_sort = Rahmon, Emomali
| born_year         = 1952
| died_year         = 
| term_start        = 20 November 1992
| term_end          = 16 November 1994
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|1992|11|20|1994|11|16}}
| alt_party         = Independent (politician)
| election          = —
}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=8| President
{{Officeholder table
| order2            = 3
| image             = 2021 Moscow Victory Day Parade 037 (cropped).jpg
| officeholder      = [[Emomali Rahmon]]
| officeholder_sort = Rahmon, Emomali
| born_year         = 1952
| died_year         = 
| term_start        = 16 November 1994
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|1994|11|16}}
| alt_party         = People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan
| election          = [[1994 Tajik presidential election|1994]]
| election2         = [[1999 Tajik presidential election|1999]]
| election3         = [[2006 Tajik presidential election|2006]]
| election4         = [[2013 Tajik presidential election|2013]]
| election5         = [[2020 Tajik presidential election|2020]]
}}
|}

== Timeline ==
{{#tag:timeline|
ImageSize = width:900 height:auto barincrement:16
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:100 right:150 left:20
AlignBars = late

Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}}

Colors =
 id:cpt value:rgb(0.85,0.11,0.11) legend:Communist_Party_of_Tajikistan
 id:ind value:rgb(0.86,0.86,0.86)    legend:Independent
 id:pdpt value:rgb(0.94,0.59,0.24) legend:People's_Democratic_Party_of_Tajikistan
 id:gray1       value:gray(0.85)
 id:gray2       value:gray(0.95)

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/01/1990 till:$today
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:1990
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1990

Legend = columns:1 left:150 top:60 columnwidth:100

TextData =
  pos:(20,63) textcolor:black fontsize:M
  text:"Political party:"

BarData =
 bar:Mahkamov
 bar:Aslonov
 bar:Nabiyev
 bar:Iskandarov
 bar:Rahmon
 
PlotData=
  width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till

 bar:Mahkamov
  from: 30/11/1990 till: 31/08/1991 color:cpt    text:"[[Qahhor Mahkamov]]"
 bar:Aslonov
  from: 31/08/1991 till: 23/09/1991 color:cpt      text:"[[Qadriddin Aslonov]] (acting)"
 bar:Nabiyev 
  from: 23/09/1991 till: 06/10/1991 color:cpt text:"[[Rahmon Nabiyev]]"
 bar:Iskandarov
  from: 06/10/1991 till: 02/12/1991 color:cpt text:"[[Akbarsho Iskandarov]] (acting)"
 bar:Nabiyev
  from: 02/12/1991 till: 07/09/1992 color:cpt text:"[[Rahmon Nabiyev]]"
 bar:Iskandarov
  from: 07/09/1992 till: 20/11/1992 color:cpt text:"[[Akbarsho Iskandarov]] (acting)"
 bar:Rahmon
  from: 20/11/1992 till: 16/11/1994 color:ind
  from: 16/11/1994 till: $today color:pdpt text:"[[	Emomali Rahmon]]"
}}

==See also==
*[[List of leaders of Tajikistan]]
*[[Vice President of Tajikistan]]
*[[Prime Minister of Tajikistan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.prezident.tj/ Official site of President of Tajikistan]
{{Heads of state and government of Asia}}
[[Category:Presidents of Tajikistan| ]]
[[Category:Heads of state of Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Tajikistan politics-related lists|Presidents]]
[[Category:1990 establishments in Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Lists of national presidents|T]]